古建筑英文
关于古建筑保护的英文作文
关于古建筑保护的英文作文英文：As a lover of ancient architecture, I am deeply concerned about the protection and preservation of these precious cultural relics. Ancient buildings are not only a symbol of a country's history and culture, but also a testament to the architectural and artistic achievements of our ancestors. Therefore, it is crucial to protect and preserve these buildings for future generations to appreciate and learn from.One of the most important reasons for protecting ancient buildings is to maintain our cultural heritage. These buildings are the physical embodiment of our history and traditions, and they provide a tangible link to our past. For example, the Great Wall of China, the Parthenonin Greece, and the Colosseum in Rome are all iconic ancient structures that have withstood the test of time. They are not only architectural marvels, but also hold immensehistorical and cultural significance for their respective countries.Furthermore, ancient buildings often possess unique architectural and artistic value. The intricate carvings, ornate decorations, and exquisite craftsmanship found in these structures are a testament to the skills andcreativity of our predecessors. For instance, the Forbidden City in Beijing is renowned for its grandeur and meticulous design, showcasing the pinnacle of traditional Chinese palace architecture. The preservation of such architectural wonders allows us to marvel at the ingenuity and artistry of ancient builders and craftsmen.In addition, ancient buildings serve as important educational resources. They offer valuable insights into the lifestyles, beliefs, and technological advancements of past civilizations. By studying these buildings, we can gain a deeper understanding of our own cultural roots and the evolution of human society. For example, the temples of Angkor Wat in Cambodia provide a glimpse into the religious practices and architectural achievements of the KhmerEmpire, enriching our knowledge of Southeast Asian history and culture.It is also worth noting that the protection of ancient buildings contributes to the development of cultural tourism. Many tourists are drawn to these historical sites, bringing economic benefits to local communities and promoting cross-cultural exchanges. By safeguarding and promoting ancient buildings, we can not only preserve our cultural heritage, but also stimulate sustainable tourism and economic growth.In conclusion, the protection of ancient buildings is of paramount importance for the preservation of ourcultural heritage, the appreciation of architectural and artistic achievements, and the enrichment of our understanding of history and culture. It is our collective responsibility to ensure that these invaluable treasures are safeguarded for future generations to cherish and learn from.中文：作为一名古建筑爱好者，我对保护和保存这些宝贵的文化遗产深感关注。
中国古建筑英文
Disadvantages:
— Their durability is not as good as structures of brick or stone.
— wood grows very slowly and cannot be cut on a large scale recklessly.
• However, there are some down sides to having all of these decorations of the roof.
• The tremendous weight could eventually bring down the entire complex.
•Palace
The Chinese word for "palace" is Gong. The Forbidden City of Beijing, which still stands intact and which served as the imperial palace for both Ming and Qing emperors (1368-1911) covers an area of 720,000 square meters and embraces many halls, towers, pavilions and studies measured as 9,900 bays. It is one of the greatest palaces of the world. In short, palaces grew into a veritable city and are often called Gongcheng (palace city).
古建筑英文word精品
中国古典园林---- c lassical Chinese garden中国传统园林---- t raditional Chinese garden中国古代园林---- a ncient Chinese garden中国山水园------ C hinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑----- imperial palace garden皇家园林----- royal garden私家园林----- private garden江南园林-------- g arden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林-------- western classical garden英国式园林------------- English style garden中英混合式园林--------- Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林----------- Italian style garden西班牙式园林----------- Spainish style garden法兰西式园林----------- French style garden勒诺特尔式园林--------- Le Notre\'s style garden文艺复兴庄园------------- Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林--------------- Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林------------- Baroque style garden庄园---------------- manor,villa garden廊柱园-------------- peristyle garden,patio绿廊---------------- xystus迷阵---------------- maze,labyrinth灵囿---------------- Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼--------- Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台--------- Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫------- E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑---------- S hang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫---------- W ei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫---------- L uoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫---------- H ua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳------------ G en Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园---------- Y uan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园------------ Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄-------- Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林------------ Suzhou traditional garden悬园------ Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园” ，“架高园” 。
泉州古建筑英文介绍作文
泉州古建筑英文介绍作文Quanzhou, located in the southeastern part of China, is famous for its ancient architecture. The city boasts a rich history and a diverse cultural heritage, which is reflected in its well-preserved ancient buildings.Walking through the streets of Quanzhou, one can't help but be amazed by the intricate details and exquisite craftsmanship of the ancient architecture. The city is home to numerous ancient temples, pagodas, and traditional houses, each with its own unique style and charm.One of the most iconic landmarks in Quanzhou is the Kaiyuan Temple, which dates back to the Tang Dynasty. This magnificent temple is renowned for its grandeur and architectural beauty, and it is a must-visit for anyone interested in ancient Chinese architecture.In addition to the Kaiyuan Temple, Quanzhou is also home to the Qingjing Mosque, one of the oldest and largestmosques in China. The mosque's distinctive Islamic architectural style sets it apart from the city'straditional Chinese buildings, making it a fascinatingsight to behold.Another highlight of Quanzhou's ancient architecture is the Qingjing Temple, a Taoist temple that dates back over a thousand years. The temple's serene atmosphere and stunning architectural features make it a popular destination for visitors seeking to experience the city's spiritual and cultural heritage.Overall, Quanzhou's ancient architecture is a testament to the city's rich history and cultural significance. From temples and pagodas to mosques and traditional houses, the city's architectural treasures offer a glimpse into the past and a deep appreciation for China's enduring cultural legacy.。
北京景点英文名
北京/旅游/景点/英文名英文/北京/旅游/景点/旅游词汇十三陵 Ming Tombs故宫 The Imperial Palace天安门广场 Tian'anmen Square人民大会堂 the Great Hall of the People人民英雄纪念碑 Monument to the People's Heros琉璃厂 Glass Street昆明湖 Kunming Lake北海公园 Beihai Park白马寺 White Horse Temple天坛 Temple of Heaven颐和园 the Summer Palace紫禁城 the Forbidden City故宫博物院 the Palace Museum太和殿 the Hall of Supreme Harmony中和殿 the Hall of Central Harmony保和殿 the Hall of Preserving Harmony祈年殿 the Hall of Prayer for Good Harvest乾清宫 Palace of Heavenly Purity金水桥 the Golden Devine Might神武门 the Gate of Devine Might午门 the Meridian Gate司马台 Simatai Fort烽火台the Beacon Tower御花园 the Imperial Garden回音壁 Echo Wall圜丘 the Circular Mound Altar万寿山 Longevity Hill清东陵 Eastern Royal Tombs of the Qing Dynasty避暑山庄 the Imperial Mountain Summer Resort毛主席纪念堂 Chairman Mao Zedong Memorial Hall革命历史博物馆 the Museum of Revolutionary History 少年宫 the Children's Palace紫金山天文台 Purple and Gold Hills Observation okky民族文化宫 the Cultural Palace for Nationalities劳动人民文化宫 Working People's Cultural Palace北京工人体育馆 Beijing Worker's Stadium周口店遗址 Zhoukoudian Ancient Site长城 the Great Wall八达岭长城 Great Wall at Badaling or Badaling Great Wall居庸关 Juyongguan Pass or Juyonguan Great Wall第1/10页慕田峪长城 Great Wall at Mutianyu一. 旅游概述China's catagory A travel agency 一类社China's category B travel agency 二类社China's category C travel agency 三类社Clothes,bearing and appearance 服装仪表guidebook 旅游指南guild practice 导游实践international tourism 国际导游itinerary 旅行计划,节目local guide 地陪,地方导游local tourist organization 地方旅游组织low season 淡季minimum tour price 最低旅游价格multilingual guide 会多种语言的导游national guide 全陪,全程导游national tourist organization 全国旅游组织off-peak season 淡季off season 淡季on season 旺季peak season 旺季professional （staff）旅游专业人员programme 节目receiving country 旅游接待国regional tourist organization 区域旅游组织第2/10页season-high 旺季season-low 淡季selling season 旺季shoulder period/season 平季sightseeing 游览slack season 淡季state-list famous historical and culture cities 国家级历史文化名城tour arrangement 旅游安排tour brochure 旅游小册子tour catalog 旅游团目录tour code number 旅游代号编码tour escort/conductor/director 旅游团陪同tour leader 领队,团长tour operation 旅游业务tour route 旅游路线tour talker 自动导游磁带机tourism 旅游业,旅游tourism activities 旅游活动tourism circles 旅游界touring 游览touring club 旅游俱乐部tourist 游客tourist association 旅游协会tourist authority/office 旅游局第3/10页tourist destination 旅游目的地tourist destination area 旅游目的地地区tourist destination country 旅游目的国tourist map 旅游地图tourist organization 旅游组织tourist periodical 旅游周刊tourist spots 旅游点tourist trade 旅游界travel 旅行travel business 旅游业务travel expert 旅游专家travel industry 旅游业travel journalist 旅游记者travel press 旅游报纸travel publication 旅游出版物travelling 旅游travelling expense 旅费travel-see tourism 旅游（美）travel trade 旅游业travel writer 旅游作家trip 旅行World Tourism Day 世界旅游日World Tourism Organization 世界旅游组织Tourist Administration 旅游局第4/10页China's National Tourism Administration 中国旅游局……Provincial Tourism Administration ……省旅游局……Autonomous Region Tourism Administration 自治区旅游局……Muni cipal Tourism Administration 市旅游局……Autonomous Perfecture Tourism Administration 自治州旅游局……County Tourism Administration 县旅游局二. 饭店种类inn 旅馆,饭店lodge 小旅馆tavern 酒店caravansary 马车店,大旅馆hostel 招待所hotel 饭店,酒店motel（=motor hotel）汽车饭店（旅店）budget hotel 廉价旅馆economy hotel（one-star hotel）一星级饭店some comfort hotel（two-star hotel）二星级饭店average hotel（three -star hotel）三星级饭店high comfort hotel（four -star hotel）四星级饭店deluxe hotel（five-star hotel）五星级饭店三. 客房种类（1）single room 单人房（一张单人床）double room 双人房（二张单人床）double double 双人房（二张双人床）big single room大床房（一张双人大床）tripe room 三人房（三张单人床）（2）economy room（ER）经济间standard room（SR）标准间superior room（UR）高级套房standard suit（ss）套间deluxe room（DR）豪华间presidential suit（PS）总统套房（3）studio room 工作室型客房（设沙发床或躺椅）multi-functional room 多功能客房combined type rooms 组合客房四. 饭店计价方式（1）European plan（EP）欧式计价（只计房租,不包括餐饮等费用）（2）American plan（AP）美式计价（计算房租并包括每日三餐费用在内）（3）modified American plan 修正美式计价（计算房租且包括两餐费/早餐,午餐,晚餐中选两餐）（4）continental plan（CP）欧陆式计价（计算房租且包括欧陆式早餐餐费）（5）Bermuda plan（BP）百慕大计价（计算房租,包括美式早餐餐费）五. 常用旅游英语词汇standard rate 标准价en-suite 套房family suite 家庭套房twin room you 带两张单人床的房间double room 带一张双人床的房间advance deposit 定金第6/10页registration 登记rate sheets 房价表tariff 价目表cancellation 取消预定imperial suite 皇室套房presidential suite 总统套房suite deluxe 高级套房junior suite 简单套房mini suite 小型套房honeymoon suite 蜜月套房penthouse suite 楼顶套房unmade room 未清扫房on change 待清扫房valuables 贵重品porter 行李员luggage/baggage 行李registered/checked luggage 托运行李light luggage 轻便行李baggage elevator 行李电梯baggage receipt 行李收据trolley 手推车storage room 行李仓briefcase 公文包suit bag 衣服袋第7/10页travelling bag 旅行袋shoulder bag 背包trunk 大衣箱suitcase 小提箱name tag 标有姓名的标签regular flight 正常航班non-scheduled flight 非正常航班international flight 国际航班domestic flight 国内航班flight number 航班号airport 机场airline operation 航空业务alternate airfield 备用机场landing field 停机坪international terminal 国际航班候机楼domestic terminal 国内航班候机楼control tower 控制台jetway 登机道air-bridge 旅客桥visitors terrace 迎送平台concourse 中央大厅loading bridge 候机室至飞机的连接通路airline coach service 汽车服务shuttle bus 机场内来往班车第8/10页百花齐放 all flowers are bloom碧波荡漾 green rippling lake碧水青山 a world of shimming green hills and clear azure water避暑胜地 summer resort苍松翠柏 luxuriant cypresses and pines层峦叠嶂 range upon range of hills姹紫嫣红 a blaze of bright colours崇山峻岭 towering and steep mountains船移景换 each turn of the boat affords a different scenery雕梁画栋 carved beams and painted rafters洞天福地 scenery of exceptional charm飞流急湍 waters rush down in whirlpools and rapids峰回路转 the paths running sinuously amidst the peaks古建筑群 ancient architectural complex古色古香 of antique beauty北海公园——Beihai park居庸关——Juyongguan pass十三陵——The Ming Tombs周口店遗址——Zhoukoudian Ancient site长城——The Great Wall雍和宫——Yonghe lamasery中华世纪坛——China Centry Altar第9/10页人民英雄纪念碑——The Monument to the pople’s Heroes天安门广场——Tian’anmen square秦始皇陵——The Emperor Qin Shihuang’s Tomb。
成都古建筑(英文介绍)
•Kuanzhaixiangzi(宽窄巷子). Very nice place with lots of (expensive) tea houses, restaurants and local snacks. Great for relaxing.Streets date from late Qing-dynasty style but are rebuilt recently.Free government Wi-Fi in this place.•Tianfu Square (天府广场) (In the center of Chengdu). This square, overlooked by an enormous Chairman Mao statue in the center of the city, has been spruced up. Every evening at dusk, as well as at noontime, an elaborate water show, synchronized to music, bursts out from the square's fountains. Below the square is the hub of Chengdu's subway system.•People's Park (人民公园) (It located in the west of Tianfu Square which has two blocks between them, 15 mins walking distance.). This park is a important entertainment place for Chengdu citizen. Every day, especially the holidays, there are many local people in it, that means tourist can find the real leisure life of Chinese old people. They are singing and dancing in separate groups. If you follow the sound, you can find them. Some practice calligraphy with water on the floor around a monument in the north-western corner of this park. Some parents take their unmarried children'sinformation here to find potential candidates. There are many tea houses here, where local people drink tea and play majong. The average price of one cup of tea is ￥10. There also is a Sichuan snack restaurant, Zhong's Dumpling(钟水饺). Besides dumplings, you can find almost all famous Sichuan snacks in it, at fair prices.This park has no entry fee.•Sichuan Science and Technology Museum (四川科技馆) (Take a taxi or bus to Tianfu Sq and walk to the large building directly behind the Chairman Mao statue). This huge four-storey museum is filled with interactive exhibits about science, aerodynamics, space, mathematics, robotics and physics. Children will love theinteractive displays and indoor playground on the 4th floor. Adults will appreciate the descriptions in both English and Chinese.Everyone will love the crowd-pleasers like the robotic orchestra and walk-through maps of Sichuan's waterways. During weekdays this museum can either be overrun by local school groups or be so deserted it's almost creepy. Closed on Mondays. Overall, quite good value for money, especially on a rainy day. ¥30, free for children.•Chengdu Zoo (成都动物园) (In the north of the city near the Panda Research Base). Offers all the typical animals that one might expect in a zoo (elephant, tigers, giraffes, monkeys, as well as panda bears). While the zoo itself is large and spread out, some of thecages are woefully small and the facility seems understaffed. Might be good for a family to visit. The zoo has vendors selling Chinese snacks as well as some carnival type rides. ¥12.•Sichuan University Museum (四川大学博物馆; Sichuan Daxue Bowuguan), Wangjiang Rd (望江路) (About a 15 min ride fromXinnanmen bus station or a 40 minute walk), ☎+86 . 9AM-5PM.Excellent display of local artifacts and is worth while way of spending an hour or two. The museum is one of the better in China and there are four floors of well lite, air conditioned displays with decent English translations. Starting in the basement, enter the first room where dozens of stone carvings dating from the Han dynasty to the Tang are on display. The room next door has a moderately interesting display on the museum's history and numerous examples of ancient bronzes and stone age artifacts. The first floor is mostly artifacts from the Ming and Qing dynasty, including furniture, silk clothing, and an interesting display of leather puppets. The second floor has the perhaps the most engaging display: artifacts and daily use items from ethnic minority groups in China's southwest, including Tibetans, Miao, Yi, Qiang, Jianpo and Naxi.The third floor has a decent display of calligraphy scrolls, paintings, and ceramics. The museum is currently closed after the city changed the location of several universities. Plans are pending for a new museum to be built.¥30 (students ¥10).•Sichuan Opera (四川歌剧院). Most guest houses and travel agencies offer to arrange visits to these traditional shows. It is more likea burlesque cabaret than an actual opera, sometimes includingmagicians, traditional musicians, shadow plays, comedy (spoken in Chinese though), and dancers besides the traditional pieces. Of course the most famous is never omitted: quick face-changing and fire spitting performed by dancers clad in colourful traditional costumes. You will follow the story sitting at your table, sipping on your constantly refilled tea cup and nibbling some salted snacks.Note that there are many teahouses in the city that offer the show every night. Try the local favorite at Shu Feng Ya Yun (蜀风雅韵) teahouse located in Chengdu Culture Park (文化公园) on Qintai Road (it is beside Qingyang Temple). You will be seated on a covered open ground (cooled by fan; no A/C), which is actually the center of the traditional teahouse building. You might have to book in advance or just ask the concierge of your hotel to book it for you. ¥150 back rows; ¥220 front rows.•Wuhouci Temple (武侯祠) (near Jinli street, south-west of Tian fu square). This temple is built for commemorating Zhuge Liang(诸葛亮 ), he is the minister of Shu (蜀)) in Three Kingdoms Period. He is famous through the Chinese novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.There are dozens of dust covered statues of obscure historical figures behind glass and not much else. The gardens are attractive, but not extensive. It is next to Jinli Ancient Street. ￥60.•Jinli Ancient Street (锦里古街). This neighborhood is part of the old city of Chengdu; it features hotels and small stores built in an old-fashioned style. Antiques are sold in a variety of different stores. It is very popular among both tourists and locals,especially at night, with many bars, restaurants, and nightclubs.You will find a lot of famous local snack food over there, prices ¥1-10. Restaurants and bars in Jin Li are more expensive than outside. There are also antique hotels in there. Some consider Jin Li is to be tourist trap, which is partly true. However, this 'new old street' offers regional and fairly affordable street food specialties as well and can be combined with a visit to the Wuhouci Temple (entry fee 60 yuan, unless you are the holder of a Panda Card).Don't forget to take your camera.•Jinsha Archaeological Site (金沙遗址) (Take Line 7、14、82、83、96、111、311、401 and 502 and get off at the north of QingyangAvenue.Take Line 901 and get off at Jinsha Relics Road.). Recently discovered site featuring various tools and art pieces from around 3,000 years ago. The amount of unearthed items is just massive. They include pottery, blades, jade items, building foundations and various golden art pieces. There are two main buildings: the hall constructed over the centre of the excavation site and the modern exhibition hall with various artifacts on display. ￥80.•Wenshu Temple (文殊院), 15 Wenshuyuan St, (成都文殊院街15号) (Off Renmin Zhong Rd). This Tang Dynasty Buddhist temple is the most impressive, and perhaps also the most used, temple in Chengdu. It is dedicated to the Buddhist representation of Wisdom, Wenshu Pusa (Manjusri Bodhisatva), and contains more than 450 Buddha statues and other precious relics. In addition to the halls and gardens, the temple also has a charming tea house that offers an insightful window of Chengdu life as it is frequented by locals who engage in games of chess, reading, knitting and just chatting with family and friends. The temple also has a delightful vegetarian restaurant with seats offering views over the gardens (NOTE - as of September 2012, the tea house and restaurant are closed for renovations).There are many shops around the temple. Entry fee is a steal at only5 yuan.•Qingyang Temple (青羊宫; Qingyanggong; lit. Palace of the Black Ram), 9 Xierduan, Ring Rd One (一环路西二段9号). This Taoist temple is the oldest and biggest of its kind in the area, located in the west of downtown. A large and still-active temple that takes into consideration Taoist philosophy in its construction, and with both a park next door and a number of relaxed courtyards inside.While it has a long history, the buildings are modern, cheaply-made concrete constructions, and it quite frequently shows. The statues inside are also cheap modern constructions of no real interest. A teahouse and a vegetarian restaurant can be found within the temple complex. ¥10.•Happy Valley (欢乐谷; Huanlegu) (Catch the Number 48 Bus from Luomashi Metro Station to its Terminus then keep walking in same direction once you get off the bus, cross the motorway and the park is on your right hand side). 09:00 - 18.30. Moderate size amusement park with 3 main roller coasters, Water Rides, Kids zone and water park (in Summer). Overall Good day out for both adults and families, makes a nice break from the city and has enough attractions to filla full day out, As of 2011 the entrance to the park is now a sportsretail outlet, Imax and Indoor Sky diving Centre with Resturants 150 ¥, discount for students.• A Thousand Plateaus Art Space(千高原艺术空间; Qian Gaoyuan Yishu Kongjian), 87 Fangqin St 芳沁街87号 (In Yulin Community, next to Little Bar and K Gallery.), ☎+86 28-85126358, fax: +8628-8512635, e-mail: 1000plateaus.. Tu-Su, 11AM-6PM. Acontemporary art gallery in Chengdu exhibiting Chinese andinternational artists. Exhibit openings generally happen once a month, and other events also take place. Free entry.•Chengdu Panda Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding (Take tourist bus 902 (from Xinnanmen Bus Station), or public bus 97 or 198, or take a taxi from downtown for ¥50 (if traffic is light)), ☎+8628 83510033. This is the biggest facility of this kind in the world.Due to habitat destruction and other reasons, the giant panda is maybe the most famous endangered animal. It is home to some 60 giant pandas, but also has some red pandas and a colony of black-necked cranes. The pandas are basically on display for tourists but views are much closer than is possible at most Western zoos. A small museum and a cinema screening related documentaries is also available. A restaurant and souvenir-stalls top off the tourist installations.The best time to visit is in the morning, when pandas are most active.Pandas sleep during the hottest time of the day. Feeding time is around 9:30-10:00. It is recommended to arrive as early as you canto avoid the hordes of school and tour groups that arrive every morning. You can take a photo•Luodai Ancient Town(洛带古镇), Luodai Town, Longquanyi District, Chengdu (Luidai Town is about 25km east of downtown Chengdu.Chengluo (成洛) Road goes directly there. There is also a bus that goes directly there. Catch it at a small building behind theXinnanmen bus station, ri ght where Shiqi road bends. Cost is ¥7.There appears to be no regular schedule, just show up, and when the bus is full (enough), it departs. No bus number, just look for signs to '洛带'. In Luodai, once you exit the train station, turn right on Bajiaojing street, then left at Huaishui Middle Street, and the entrance is on your left.). Over 1 km long streets with olderbuilding (in various states of disrepair) lined with stores. The primary attraction is the many different types of food and snacks available, especially Hakka food, that are hard to find in other places (along with some amount of stores selling standard tourist crap and costumes to rent for photos). The buildings that line the street are of some, but not great, interest; more interesting area number of older buildings and halls that give one a feel for olderChina. Signage and shops appear to be Chinese-language only.Entrance: free;.•Siguniangshan (四姑娘山). Four Girls Mountain is located in the county territory, Qionglai mountains, by the four adjacent Xuefeng, perennial snow, such as four beautiful white fairy standing in the hills, hence the name. Four Girls Mountain and famous male and high, steep mountain, directed at the blue sky, as all mountaineersattention.•Liujiang Old town alt="柳江古镇" Liujiang town, located 25 km southwest of the county to spend Hongya River tributary of Liujiang sides. Town was founded in the Southern Song Dynasty, and modern architecture across the water from the Ming and Qing era buildings.•Street sub-town(街子古镇)Street of the town, 25 km northwest of the city in Chongzhou the Fengqi mountain, the mountain connected with Qingcheng.You will find no shortage of delicious and fiery Sichuan food in Chengdu. Most of the food is quite spicy, be sure to specify whenever you order: non-spicy (不要辣; búyàolà), a little spicy (微辣; wēilà) or 'old' (very) spicy (老辣; lǎolà). If you are not accustomed to it yet, a bottle of sweetened soy, almond, peanut, or cow milk, or something else sweet will work much better than water to quell the fire. If you are used to thehottest of authentic Indian or Thai food, the level of spiciness in Sichuan food should be no problem at all. However, Sichuan food also makes heavy use of Sichuan pepper (花椒; huājiāo), which looks like but is not a true peppercorn, and causes your mouth to become somewhat numb. Sichuan pepper is added in most spicy dishes. If you can eat spicy food but do not like Sichuan pepper, you need to order so (不要花椒; bú yào huājiāo). However, Sichuan pepper (in addition to causing numbing) has an important citrusy taste that it adds to foods and authentic Sichuan tastes bank on the play between the flavours of both Sichuan pepper and chili peppers, and it is strongly recommend you at least try the authentic versions with the Sichuan pepper before deciding for yourself.The spiciest food in Chengdu is hotpot (also called steampot or steamboat), although the tradition originated in Chongqing, so it is not really Chengdu food. Sichuan hotpots are basically a big pot of soup and spices simmering in a hole in the middle of your table. Patrons choose from a large selection of meats, vegetables and other add-ins. Most popular include: lamb, mushrooms, beef, tofu, quail eggs, potatoes and various others (pork, green vegetables, fish balls, carrots, and even pig's brain!) You can choose spicy pot or non spicy pot. With spicy hot pots, unlike eastern hot pots, the soup is NOT for drinking; instead, fish out your cooked items with chopsticks (do not fish the liquid out with a spoon, it is too spicy even for locals to drink; the fished out vegetables will be spicy enough), dip them in the small bowl of oil provided to each person, and enjoy.You may also find the local food too oily or too salty for your taste, and may want to advise your server accordingly.There are also a lot of weird local snack type of food, such as spicy dragon prawns (look like very small crayfish; 麻辣龙虾), spicy snails (香辣田螺), Chongqing duck neck (九九鸭脖子), Bangbang chicken (棒棒鸡), spicy rabbit meat (二姐兔丁). These ones are so delicious and you must try them. But you need to ask a local to take you to the right place. Quite often you will find that the small restaurants and shops offer the most delicious and cheapest food. If you want to find even cheaper food options, street vendors are the way to go (though the Chengdu police have been doing their best to extinguish this long tradition and you may have trouble finding them these days). Serving everything from barbeque (烧烤) to steamed breadrolls(馒头), they are a cheap and offer a great option for a quick bite to eat.If you are less adventurous but still like Chinese food, or just tired of Sichuan food, there are a number of Cantonese and Hong Kong restaurants, including Lei Garden near Shangri-la Hotel.There are a number of stalls and hole in the wall type places all over town. Food here is dirt cheap, expect to pay no more than ¥8 for a meal, and the quality is good. Things to be on the lookout for are spicy bowls of breakfast noodles, (担担面; dandanmian), double cooked pork (回锅肉; húigūoròu), and dozens of dishes coated in "málà" the Sichuan chili spice famous the world over.。
资料世界文化遗产名录英文版
资料世界文化遗产名录英文版一，我国世界遗产名录The Catloge of World Cultural and NaturalHeritage1，文化遗产(含文化景观)31处中文名称英文名称所在地批准时间类别红河哈尼梯田 Honghe hani 云南红河 2013年6月文化遗产terraced fields庐山 Lushan 江西庐山 1996年12月文化遗产Mountain故宫 The 北京 1987.12 文化遗产ForbiddenCity颐和园 The Summer 北京 1998年11月文化遗产Palace长城 The Great 北京 1987.12 文化遗产Wall天坛 The temple of 北京 1998年11 文化遗产heaven承德避暑山庄承德 1994.12 文化遗产 Mountai和周围寺庙 n Resortand itsOutlyingTemples ofChengde平遥古城 The Ancient 山西 1997年12月文化遗产City of PingYao周口店“北京Zhoukoudian 北京 1987.12 文化遗产人”遗址 site "Peking man"丽江古城 Old Town of 云南 1997年12月文化遗产Lijiang ;苏州古典园林 Classical 苏州 1997年12月文化遗产Gardens ofSuzhou ;秦始皇陵 Mausoleum 陕西省临潼县 1987.12 文化遗产of EmperorQinShihuang大足石刻 Dazu grottoes 重庆市 1999年12月文化遗产or DazuRockCarvings武当山古建筑Ancient 湖北省 1994年12月文化遗产群 Building Complex inthe WudangMountains莫高窟 The Mogao 甘肃省敦煌市 1987.12 文化遗产Grottoes拉萨布达拉宫The potala 西藏拉萨 1994年12月文化遗产和大昭寺palace and thejokhangtemple inLhasa龙门石窟 the 河南省洛阳市 2000年11月文化遗产LongmenGrottoes孔庙、孔府、Confucian 山东省的曲阜1994.12 文化遗产孔林 Temple, 市Confucius,Konglin明清皇陵 Mausoleum of 北京 2000年文化遗产the ming andQing Emperor青城山与都江Mount 四川省都江堰2000年11月文化遗产堰 qingcheng 市anddujiangyan皖南古村落 Ancient 安徽省黟县 1999年12月文化遗产villages insouthernanhuiprovince云冈石窟 Yungang 山西省大同市 2001年12月文化遗产Grottoes澳门历史城区 Historic 澳门 2005年7月文化遗产Monumentsof Macao殷墟 Yin Dynasty 河南省安阳市 2006年7 文化遗产ruins高句丽王城、Gao Juli 吉林省集安市 2004年7月文化遗产王陵及墓葬Wangcheng,Mausoleumand tomb福建土楼 ,the unique 福建 2008年7月文化遗产residentialarchitectureof FujianProvince ;Tulou广东开平碉楼Guangdong 广东省开平 2007年6月文化遗产与村落 kaiping diaolou andvillages五台山 Wutai 山西省 2009年6月文化遗产Mountain登封“天地之Dengfeng 河南省 2010年8月文化遗产中”历史建筑"the world群 into"historicalbuildings元上都遗址 Yuan on all 北京 2012年文化遗产sites杭州西湖文化Hangzhou 浙江省杭州市 2011年文化遗产景观 West Lake culturallandscape2，自然遗产(共10处)中文名称英文名称所在地批准时间类别新疆天山 Xinjiang 新疆 2013年6月自然遗产Tianshan九寨沟风景名Jiuzhaigou 四川省阿坝县 1992年12月自然遗产胜区ValleyScenic andHistoricInterest Areaor Jiuzhaigouscenic spot黄龙风景名胜Huanglong 四川省阿坝 1992年12月自然遗产区 scenicarea武陵源风景名Wulingyuan 湖南省 1992年12月自然遗产胜区 scenic area 四川大熊猫栖Sichuan 四川省 2006年7月自然遗产息地 panda habitat 三江并流 Three parallel 云南省 2003年7月自然遗产rivers region中国南方喀斯China 云南，贵州，2007年6月自然遗产特 Southern 重庆Karst三清山 Mount 2008年7月自然遗产Sanqing中国澄江化石Chengjiang 云南省玉溪市2012年7月自然遗产地 fossils in 澄江县China中国丹霞 China 福建泰宁、湖2010年8月自然遗产Danxia 南崀山、广东丹霞山、江西龙虎山(包括龟峰)、浙江江郎山、贵州赤水3,文化与自然遗产(共4处)中文名称英文名称所在地批准年份类别泰山 Mount Tai 山东省 1987年12月自然文化黄山 Mount Huang 安徽省 1990年12月自然文化峨眉山和Mount emei 四川省 1996年12月自然文化乐山大佛 and the leshangiant BuddhaOr MountEmei ScenicAreaincludingLeshanGiantBuddhaScenic Area武夷山 Mount Wuyi 福建省 1999.12 自然文化。
莫高窟 (mò gāo kū)Mogao Grottoes—中国古建筑及其故事英文版介绍
莫高窟(mògāo kū)Mogao GrottoesSpiritual, artistic and architectural wonders The Mogao Grottoes in northwest China are the greatest Buddhist caves, and the second oldestafter the Qiuci Grottoes in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region still in existence in the countrytoday.Also known as the Caves of a Thousand Buddhas, the grottoes are about 25 kilometers southeastof Dunhuang in Gansu Province, a strategic center for trade, as well as a hub for cultural andreligious exchanges on the Silk Road in ancient times.Construction of the caves began in the 4th century AD. According to a legend, Buddhist monk Le Zun saw 1,000 Buddhas bathed in golden light at thesite. He then decided to dig a cave into the cliff to create a place for mediation while pursuing hisquest for enlightenment.Gradually, more Buddhist monks came here to dig caves into the cliff of the east range of MountMingsha. The caves served as both their homes and places to meditate.Later, caves began to be carved out of the southern side of the cliff to serve as places for worshipand pilgrimage.By the T ang Dynasty (618–907 AD) there were more than 1,000 grottoes.Today, 735 caves, which contain numerous murals and 2,415 statues of Buddha, still exist.Distributed on four levels and stretching 1,680 meters from south to north, the floor space ofeach cave varies from more than 200 square meters to less than one square meter.Since the grottoes on the north section of the cliff once served as mediation chambers, livingquarters and burial sites, they are simpler in design. But those on the south section are richlypainted and built in various styles as places for worship and pilgrimage.The main chambers of these caves feature distinctive architectural styles such as chaitya, nirvanaand grand Buddha.Cave No. 96 houses a sitting statue of Buddha measuring 35.6 meters in height.The chaitya style has a square-sectioned column standing in the center of the chamber,representing Buddha. Worshipers would circle around the column seeking blessings.Grottoes in the nirvana style are usually a rectangular chamber with a landscape orientation. Astatue of a reclined Buddha is placed on a platform built along the back wall and open forworshipers.A cave for a grand Buddha statue is often built according to the size of the statue. For instance,Cave No. 96 houses a sittingstatue of Buddha measuring 35.6 meters tall. It is made of stone andcolored with clay.Such caves all have a square base and the walls taper toward the ceiling, which is usually in theshape of a dome or a flat-top pyramid.Cave No. 96 was built in the early years of the Tang Dynasty. The cave is inside a tall andgrandiose pavilion featuring nine flying eaves, which were rebuilt in the 1930s.There are also caves that imitate traditional Chinese buildings and Buddhist architecture.Some of the grottoes once had wooden porches, but they have nearly all been lost due toerosion or destruction. There are several relatively well-preserved extant wooden eaves at the entrance of some caves.They are rare samples of the wooden structures prevalent in the Tang and Song (960–1279)dynasties.The large murals inside the caves have great artistic value. However, they are also treasured byarchitects and historians since they depict ancient buildings such as palaces, temples, pavilions,city walls, tents, bridges, prisons, beacon towers,taverns, wine shops and tombs.In 1987, the Mogao Grottoes were added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Today it isone of the most popular tourist attractions in the country.Buddha statues in Maiji Mountain Grottoes Pictorial dictionary·石窟寺(shíkūsì) cave templeCave temples are a type of rock-cut architecture that China first introduced from India in the 3rdcentury AD, when Chinese Buddhist monks began to build caves in cliffs and used themasmediation chambers and living quarters.Later, more caves were chiseled out to serve as Buddhist temples for worship and pilgrimage.The best-known cave temples in China include the Mogao Grottoes, Maiji Mountain Grottoes,Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes. They are all fine examples of Chinese Buddhist art,combining architecture with sculptures and paintings.Most of these caves were built in one of six distinctive architecture styles.One is called chaitya, featuring a square-section column in the center of the cave. Worshiperscircle the column seeking blessings.Some large grottoes were built to house large Buddha statues, some of which are nearly 40meters tall.Others have combined the Buddhist style with traditional Chinese buildings.Cave temples have long been deemed a part of ancient Chinese architecture.。
中国名胜古迹英文介绍40词
中国名胜古迹英文介绍1China is a country with a long history and rich cultural heritage. There are many famous places of interest that attract tourists from all over the world.The Great Wall is one of the most magnificent wonders in the world. It stretches for thousands of miles across the mountains and deserts. Standing on the Great Wall, you can feel its grandeur and majesty. It was built to defend against foreign invaders in ancient times. Now, it has become a symbol of China's strength and perseverance.The Forbidden City is also a remarkable place. It is located in the heart of Beijing. The palaces in the Forbidden City are resplendent and magnificent. The golden roofs and red walls are extremely beautiful. It was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Walking in the Forbidden City, you can feel the luxury and solemnity of the past.These famous places of interest not only show China's glorious history and culture but also let people appreciate the wisdom and creativity of the ancient Chinese people. They are precious treasures that we should cherish and protect.中文翻译：中国是一个有着悠久历史和丰富文化遗产的国家。
中国古建筑(英文)
Confucius
7
Longmen Grotteoes
• The carving began in North Wei Dynasty, and went on through East and West Wei Dynasties, then the Dynasties of North Qi, Zhou, Sui, Tang, and the Five Dynasties Period, lasting for over 400 years
• These temples belong to the black and the yellow sect, representing the Han and the Tibetan Buddhism
Mausoleum of Emperor Qin Shihuang and Terra-cotta Warriors
Ancient Chinese Architecture and Classical Gardens
The Great Wall
• Contruction of the Great Wall lasted for more than two thousand years, extended over 6700 kilometers,and the longest defesive engineer project in ancient times in the world
• The artistic content of the grottoes is exceedingly rich as an integrated art of architecture, sculpture and fresco, reflecting not only the acceptance of Buddhism in Dunhuang area, but also the history and society as well as economy of the area, and providing a vivid illustration of the localization of Buddhism in China and the capacity of Chinese people in their absorbing and remodeling of foreign cultures
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中国古典园林------classical Chinese garden中国传统园林-------traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林-------ancient Chinese garden中国山水园----------Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑--------- imperial palace garden皇家园林----------royal garden私家园林-----------private garden江南园林--------------garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林---------------western classical garden英国式园林-------------------- English style garden中英混合式园林--------------Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林------------------ Italian style garden西班牙式园林----------------Spainish style garden法兰西式园林------------------French style garden勒诺特尔式园林---------------Le Notre\'s style garden文艺复兴庄园--------------------Renaissance style garden洛可可式园林-----------------------Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林---------------------Baroque style garden庄园--------------------------manor,villa garden廊柱园-----------------------peristyle garden,patio绿廊----------------------------xystus迷阵-----------------------------maze,labyrinth灵囿-------------------------- Ling You Hunting Garden 周代术语灵沼---------------Ling Zhao Water Garden 周代术语灵台---------------Ling Tai Platform Garden 周代术语阿房宫-------------E-Pang Palace 秦代术语上林苑---------------Shang-Lin Yuan 汉代术语未央宫---------------Wei-Yang Palace 汉代术语洛阳宫----------------Luoyang Palace 魏代术语华清宫----------------Hua-Qing Palace 唐代术语艮岳-------------------Gen Yue Imperial Garden 宋代术语圆明园----------------Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园-------------------Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄---------------Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林----------------------Suzhou traditional garden悬园----------- Hanging Garden 又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。
英国皇家植物园-----------Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden 又称“邱园”。
凡尔赛宫苑-----------------Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园------------Fontainebleau Palace Garden景---------------------------view,scenery,feature远景-------------------------distant view近景-------------------------nearby view障景----------------obstructive scenery, blocking view 又称“抑景”。
借景--------------------borrowed scenery,view borrowing对景---------------------oppositive scenery,view in opposite place缩景---------------------miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景-------------------- leaking through scenery框景---------------------enframed scenery尾景------------------------terminal feature主景-----------------------main feature副景------------------------secondary feature配景------------------------- objective view夹景--------------------------vista line,vista 又称“风景线”前景----------------------------front view背景-------------------------------background景序----------------------------order of sceneries景点-------------------------------feature spot,view spot园林空间--------------------------garden space开敞空间----------------------------wide open space,wide space封闭空间-----------------------------encloseure space意境----------------------------artistic conception,poetic imagery苍古-----------------------------antiquity空灵------------------------------spaciousness,airiness动观------------------------------- in-motion viewing静观---------------------------------in-position viewing轴线---------------------------------axis,axial line主轴---------------------------------main axis副轴-------------------------------auxiliary axis暗轴------------------------ hidden axis,invisible axis 又称“隐轴”宫palace,temple殿hall厅hall又称“堂”室room房house亭pavilionplatform坛altar楼storied building阁pavilion廊colonnade榭pavilion on terrace水榭waterside pavilion轩windowed veranda民居folk house四合院courtyard house寨stockaded village舫boat house阙que, watchtower牌楼pailou, decorated gateway华表huabiao, ornamental pillar塔pagoda硬山flush gable roof悬山overhanging gable roof歇山gable and hip roof庑殿hip roof四阿hip roof卷棚round ridge roof重檐double eave roof攒尖pyramidal roof园攒尖round pavilion roof大木wooden structure大式wooden frame with dougong小式wooden frame without dougong大木作carpentry work小木作joinery work抬梁式构架post and lintel construction穿斗式构架column and tie construction井干式构架log cabin construction檐柱eave column金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace 宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport 宋代术语梁beam袱beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam 宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam 宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam 宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer（木行）purlin (used with dougong)大式檩purlin (used without dougong) 小式抟purlin宋代术语脊（木行）ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purlin小式脊抟ridged purlin宋代术语金（木行）intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平抟intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平抟eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong) 大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong) 小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board大式檐垫板cushion board小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘flower arm, petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block 宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm泥道拱axial bracket arm 宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns 宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns 宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语木装修joiner\'s work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall windowwindow sill支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceilingshelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩corbel, hanging over 宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab 宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone 宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade 宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏plinth stone寻杖handrail宋代术语柱顶石capital stone柱础踬zhi碑碣stone tablet赑屃bixi, stone turtle宋及宋前术语趺fu, stone turtle清代术语石像生stone animal石人stone human statue筒瓦round tile板瓦flat tile青瓦black tile脊瓦ridge tile琉璃瓦勾头eave tile滴水drip tile瓦当tile end, eave tile with pattern正吻zhengwen鸱尾chiwei宋及宋前术语正脊main ridge垂脊diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof戗脊diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof博脊horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof仙人celestial being走兽animal砖雕brick carving彩画colored pattern, colored drawing苏式彩画Suzhou style pattern旋子彩画tangent circle pattern和玺彩画dragons pattern天花彩画ceiling pattern箍头end portion of painted beam藻头intermediate portion of painted beam枋心central portion of painted beam点金gold pointing退晕color change沥粉embossed painting贴金gold foil painting。