2017高考英语完形填空解题技巧解析(重要)
2017年高考英语完形填空解题技巧
完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景。在19世纪物理学重大发现“场理论”的启发下,德国心理学家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理学”,强调人类认知过程中的宏观性和整体性。1953年,美国语言学家Wilson Taylor基于上述理论,首次提出完形填空这种题型,旨在测试考生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的自然倾向强度,进而考查考生的语言能力。
作为选拔性考试,高考必须具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空的重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力,正好满足了高考的需求。自从1987年首次出现在高考英语试卷中以来,完形填空题型历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。
研究历年的各套高考完形填空题,可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有帮助的共同特点:
一、从所选文章的角度
体裁上,以叙为主,叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文,这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种,因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此,短文一般按照时间线索行文,内部逻辑清晰层次分明。
题材上,选用真实世界中的语言材料,考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力,对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注,并兼顾高考的公平性原则,不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。
难度上,基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上,完形填空短文词数在240——320之间。
二、从所挖空格的角度
首先,该题型所选短文一般无标题,但首句通常不设空,目的是让考生熟悉语言环境,迅速进入主题,对文章有宏观和整体性的把握,建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词(组),平均每14词挖一个空格,通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。
其次,挖去的词汇以实词为主,虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面,而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容,这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下,常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降,目前仅在3个空格左右。
最后,具体挖空的时候遵循“重复原则”,即挖去的词通常都在保留的上下文
中给出解题的线索。并且,某特定空格的解题线索多不在本空格所在的句子,或上一句或下一句,或上几句或下几句,所以我们在考场
上应逾越空格所在的单句,结合更宏观的上下文来解题。
三、从所拟选项的角度
同一空格所对应的四个选项一般是同一词性,或在句子中充当同样的语法成分,这个拟选项时所应遵循的最基本的原则。在完形填空题中,具体的语法规则不再是考查重点,更强调的是辨别词语之间的细微差异,考查考生对上下文的理解,要求考生通过具体的语言环境来做出选择。所以,所拟出的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立,错误选项多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某种考生非常熟悉的固定搭配,具有很强的干扰和迷惑作用。针对这种情况,考生们在解题过程中就更要紧抓文章主线,站在语篇的高度综合处理各选项的取舍。
完型填空题是集词语辨析、词的用法以及搭配、语法、单句理解、语篇理解
的考查为一体的综合题,不但要求同学们具有扎实的基础知识,而且还要求必须具备较强的分析理解、逻辑推断能力及语感。该题型在历届高考试题中起着重要的作用,通常从一篇词数250左右、难度略低于教材上课文的文章中设空格20个。具体来说,由于短文被挖去一些词,造成信息的中断,同学们做题时,必然会出现思维断层现象。如果不掌握正确的解题思路及步骤,并通过适当的训练的话,同学们面对此题时就会束手无策,久而久之就会对完形填空产生厌烦、恐惧心理,更不利于能力的提高,不利于临场发挥。
一、解题方法
1、通览全文,了解大意
由于完型填空试题主要测试同学们在语篇层面上综合运用语言的能力,在解答试题的之前应快速阅读全文,抓住文章的主题,搞清作者的思路及上下文的逻辑关系。一般说来,通读的关键是弄清第一句(往往点明主题,且是没留空白的完整句)和最后一句(往往总结、概括全文)。另外,在浏览时全文的时候,要重点了解文中所叙述的人物、时间、地点、事件,即who,when,where,what。例如有篇文章的第一句
话为:Why is a space left between the rails of a railway line where one piece joins the next?这句话从铁轨之间的缝隙引出了问题。根据常识,就会很快的知道文中的内容应与热胀冷缩的物理现象有关。
2、快速反应,初做答案
找到文章的突破口之后,就要趁着思路清晰时,快速做出反应,一鼓作气将文中所有能填的空填起来,不因某试题暂时给不了答案的题停留太久。做题以了解文章的大意为前提,如遇个别难题,可以暂时跳过去或初拟一个答案;如果停滞不前,不但会打断思路、造成时间上和心理上的紧张,而且往往无济于事。
在填每个空格时,注意分析选项所在的上下文,弄清上下文间的逻辑关系,注意空格前后的词,看是否能与某一选项构成固定搭配。从各个角度考虑,初步做出每个小题的答案。
3、再次查读,攻克难关
初选过后,可能还会留下一些空档,此时,再重读文章,从语义和逻辑的角度审视全文,看其是否通顺流畅、条理清晰、符合逻辑。与此同时,将未填的空档全部补齐。由于选答案时讲求一气呵成,初选过后还应根据上下文对有疑问或把握不准的答案进行推敲。在具体的操作中应注意以下的问题:
1)看清上下文,找准定位词
充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。例如:
1. Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very ______
A. deep
B. high
C. cold
D. dangerous
2. Mrs. O?Neill asked_________ questions and she didn?t scold us either.
A. no
B. certain
C. many
D. more
2)通顺逻辑,寻求搭配
注意固定的搭配,包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等,同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。例如:
Here?s a fellow who just walked into a bank and helped
himself_______ so much money.
A. for
B. by
C. to
D. of
3)扎实基础,搞清辨异
在此类试题的命制上,往往是以同类的词为主,我们不需要去进行具体的辨析,但是我们也要根据文章的意思来进行推断。如:
Soon I heard a________ like that of a door burst in and then a climb of feet.
A. sound
B. cry
C. voice
D. shout
When the papers were __________ she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly…
A. examined
B. completed
C. marked
D. answered
4)看清执行者,确定所选词
And video cameras can be used to_____people?s actions at home.
A. keep
B. make
C. record
D. watch
5)寻求上下逻辑,从容确定关系
It has been many years since I was last in London________ still remember something that happened during that visit.
A. and
B. for
C. but
D. as
6)了解生活常识,确定相关知识
(Immediately ) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the_____hospital.
A. animal
B. biggest
C. plant
D. nearest
完型填空解题技巧:巧用线索法
所谓线索法,指的是根据文章上下文所提供的故事背景和语境线索进行推理和判断,从而确定最佳答案。具体说来有以下几种行之有效的方法。
1.巧用语意转折线索解题
有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语,如
but,though,although,instead,however, on the contrary,otherwise等,我们可利用这些暗示来解决问题。有时也可能没有这些词语的出现。如:
A formal letter is very different from an informal letter. Formal letters ___1___ to businesses,schools or government offices. ___2___ letters are for relatives,or former(以前的)teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand,but you should ___3___ a formal letter.
1. A. send B. are written C. write D. are dropped
2. A. Informal B. Formal C. Business D. Relative
3. A. copy B. type C. write D. share
2.巧用因果关系线索解题
即根据上下文的因果关系进行推断,从而得出所需答案。如:
It was a strange noise that made the man ___1___ his car soon after he left a village ___2___ London. He got out of his car and ___3___ the wheels(车轮)carefully,but as he found nothing ___4___ he continued his way.
1. A. start B. stop C. slow D. speed
2. A. to B. for C. from D. of
3. A. repaired B. examined C. cleaned D. looked
4. A. wrong B. danger C. interesting D. matter
3.巧用具体示例线索解题
即根据文章中所提供的具体实例进行分析,将与具体示例有关的信息进行优选,将与具体示例无关的信息进行排除,从而便可得出所需答案。如:
Every student must wear their ___1___ when they are at school.
There are ___2___ items of uniforms:suits, dresses,shorts,skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags,caps and socks.
1. A. long hair B. thick glasses C. sports shoes D. school uniforms
2. A. much B. three C. many D. a lot
4.巧用同义反义线索解题
Though he is serious in appearance,he never fails to be interesting. Often he is clever,sometimes even ______ and gay…
A. worried
B. bright
C. discouraging
D. friendly
As it turned out,my little publication went on to become Student,a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children,and I…d like to think we are bringing th em up in the same way Dad ______ me.
A. controlled
B. comforted
C. reminded
D. raised
即根据文章所提供的内容,同时结合一定的生活常识,对所推断的内容进行逻辑推理和逻辑顺序。如:
I went to Wasley College with Winnic today. Wasley is a large,old ___1___. It has three branch campuses(分校):Clunes,Glen Waverly and Elasterwick. It has a primary school,a ___2___ school and a senior school. So there are twelve grades of ___3___ studying there.
1. A. school B. factory C. movie D. hospital
2. A. night B. junior C. high D. spare-time
3. A. workers B. boys C. students D. teachers
6. 巧用语篇标志线索解题
语篇一般指比单个句子长的语言单位,如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语,这些词语可称为语篇标志。如:表示结果层次的语篇标志语有firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally 等;表示逻辑关系的有
thus,therefore,so等;表示改变话题的有by the way等;表示时间关系的有before, so far,yet,now,later等。在做完形填空题时,如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文的关系。如:
First of all,I respected his devotion to teaching…______,I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk…Finally,I was attracted by his lively sense of humor. (全国卷)
A. Later
B. Secondly
C. However
D. Therefore
7. 巧用结构对比线索解题
在做完形填空题时,有时会遇到两个结构十分相似的句子,此时同学们应认真比较其结构特点,或根据其相似性推断空格处所填之词,或根据文章的上下文语境判断两个(或几个)相似结构之间的逻辑关系。如:
I realized st rength and courage aren…t always measured in medals and victories,but in the struggles we overcome(战胜)。The strongest people are not always the people who win,______ the people who don?t give up when they lose.
A. or
B. nor
C. and
D. but
The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the ______ than from the below. (辽宁卷)
A. clouds
B. sky
C. air
D. above
8. 巧用语境暗示线索解题
有的空格根据所在句的句意或附近上下文的语境我们无法作出正确的选择,要想作出正确判断,同学们应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语,尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。如: Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the ______ have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest (抗议)against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow High Street. (全国卷)
A. college
B. village
C. town
D. church
But then again,would there be a chair in Room 316?Or would it be
a(n)______ room?
A. small
B. empty
C. new
D. neat
精讲精练一
When Sir Winston Churchill, the great British Prime Minister, reached his eightieth birthday in November, 1954, he was presented with his portrait by a well-known modem artist, Graham Sutherlan d.The painting had been ordered and paid for to 1 the Grand Old Man of World WarⅡ.
Sir Winston and Lady Churchill were deeply moved by this 2 of respect and affection. 3 of them, of course, allowed the others to see how much they both disliked the portrait. “I t makes me look 4 , which I am not!” protested Churchill in private(私下). 5 , he only remarked that it was fine example of modern art. His friends smile d.It was known that Churchill didn't 6 modern art.
Churchill was so unhappy about the portrait that finally his wife had it 7 . Churchill died at ninety in https://www.360docs.net/doc/bd13838067.html,nd Churchill 8 him in 1977.Shortly after her death, the public learned what had happened to the 9 , and a heated argument broke out. The painter was 10 sa d.The artist community, shocked and 11 , said that the destruction of the picture had been a crime (罪行).
Historians said that they regretted the disappearance of a(n) 12 docu ment. All agreed that Churchill didn't have the 13 to do what they had done.
Graham Sutherland had told Churchill that he would 14 him “as he saw him”. Churchill never had a chance to see the work in 15 since the painter 16 to show it to him. He found out only 17 he received his
present that Sutherland had seen him 18 a heavy, sick, tired old man. Since he hated old age, he was naturally 19 .
Who has the right to a work of art, the owner, the donor, or the artist who created it? Was the portrait a good one, as many(including the painter) said? Or was it bad as others thought? None of these questions have been answered yet to everybody?s20 .
1.A.give B.regard C.paint D.honour
2.A.mark B.piece C.prize D.trade
3.A.Neither B.Both C.Either D.All
4.A.wise B.gentle C.stupid D.happy
5.A.Fortunately B.Obviously C.Straight D.Publicly
6.A.care for B.look like C.turn down D.make up
7.A.hidden B.hung C.destroyed D.returned
8.A.mourned B.missed C.followed D.buried
9.A.painting B.man C.woman D.artist
10.A.understandably B.unexpectedly C.unreasonably D.unthinkingly
11.A.afraid B.regretful C.curious D.angry
12.A.interesting B.colorful C.expensive D.historical
13.A.chance B.right C.power D.courage
14.A.help B.obey C.paint D.show
15.A.progress B.place C.need D.sight
16.A.agreed B.promised C.refused D.hated
17.A.until B.when C.before D.though
18.A.as B.to C.about D.for
19.A.moved B.worried C.tired D.hurt
20.A.surprise B.disappointment C.delight D.satisfaction
参考答案及解析
1—5 DAACD 6—10 ACCAA 11—15 DDBCA 16—20 CBADD
1.选D。人们给他画像是为了向这位二战巨人表示敬意。
2.选A。trade表“交易”,此处用mark表示“标记”,与sign同一含义,如
a mark of esteem"表示敬意”。
3.选A。从句子含义可知选A。夫妇俩谁也没有让别人看出他们的真实心理状态一一他们不喜欢这幅画。
4.选C。四个选项只有C才能构成让人不喜欢的原因。
5.选D。这种不满只是在私下说的,在公开场合还是赞美它。
6.选A。不喜欢现代艺术,上一句已经委婉表达了他的感受。
7.选C。他妻子把这幅画“毁了”而不“藏起来,还回去”,所以后来引发了下文人们的议论。
8.选C。邱吉尔夫人十二年之后也随他仙逝,下文说“她死后没多久”。
9.选A。人们此时得知那幅画的归宿。
10.选A。understandably在此时指画家此时感到伤心,这是“可以(被人)理解地”。
11.选D。与shocked(震惊)一样的强烈情绪是angry。
12.选D。这句话是历史学家(Historians)说的,因此是考虑其作为“历史文献”的价值。
13.选B。大家一致认为邱吉尔夫妇没权利这么做。
14.选C。这是这位画家说的话,他会真实地描述自己眼中的邱吉尔。
15.选A。从下文可知,直到肖像画好之后邱吉尔才看见这幅画,因此选progress “进展中的作品”。
16.选C。画家在画的过程中不让他看,这一点下文有提示。
17.选B。直到收到这幅画后才看见画像中的人是什么样子。
18.选A。see…as表示“把……视为”,用as引出画家眼里的形象。
19.选D。他憎恨年迈,看见画中自己的模样,自然会觉得受到伤害。
20.选D。对这些问题,还没有一个使人人满意的回答。
精讲精练二
It was already late when we set out for the next town, 1 according
to the map was about fifteen miles away on the other side of the 2 .
There we felt 3 that we would find a bed 4 the night. Darkness fell soon after we left the village, but luckily we met 5 as we drove fast along the narrow winding road that 6 the hills. As we climbed 7 ,
it became colder and rain began to fall, 8 it difficult at times to see the roa d.I asked John, my companion, to drive more 9 .
After we had travel l ed for about twenty miles, there was still no sign of the town which was 10 on the map. We were beginning to get 11 . Then without warning the car stoppe d.A quick 12 showed that we had run out of petrol(汽油). Although we had little food with us, we decided to
13 the night in the car.
Our meal was soon over. I tried to go to sleep at once, 14 John,
who was a 15 sleeper, got out of the car after a few minutes and went
for a walk 16 the hills. Soon he came back. From the top of the hill he had seen, in the valley below, the 17 of the town we were looking for.
We at once unloaded(卸)all our luggage(行李)and with a great effort(努力), 18 to push the car to the top of the hill. Then we went back to the luggage, loaded the car again and set off down the hill. 19 less than a quarter of an hour we were in the town, where we found a 20 quite easily.
1.A.which B.it C.where D.that
2.A.rivers B.hills C.towns D.villages
3.A.surprised B.afraid C.pleased D.sure
4.A.at B.in C.through D.for
5.A.everybody B.somebody C.nobody D.anybody
6.A.got to B.arrived C.led to D.belonged to
7.A.taller B.higher C.lower D.faster
8.A.getting B.thinking C.causing D.making
9.A.certainly B.carefully C.slowly D.surely
10.A.marked B.set C.built D.drawn
11.A.excited B.worried C.cold D.warm
12.A.attention B.operation C.examination https://www.360docs.net/doc/bd13838067.html,rmation
13.A.spend B.live C.spare D.stay
14.A.since B.though C.so D.but
15.A.quick B.fast C.poor D.heavy
16.A.across B.through C.down D.up
17.A.lights B.map C.bus D.situation
18.A.ought B.tried C.succeeded D.managed
19.A.For B.In C.Since D.At
20 A.policeman B.friend C.hotel D.cinema
参考答案及解析
1—5 ABDDC 6—10 CBDCA 11—15 BCADC 16—20 DADBC
1.选A。分析句子结构可知,后面是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词应用which。
2.选B。从下文可知,下一个小镇应在“山”的那一边。
3.选D。天已经很迟了,还出发朝下一个小镇赶,这说明他们“坚信”在那儿能找到住宿的地方。
4.选D。for the night“过夜”,for表示“为了”。
5.选C。在一个漆黑的夜晚,在那弯曲狭窄的路上,应该说行车是不走运的,但途中未遇一个行人,就这一点来说还算“幸运”。
6.选C。lead to 意思为“通向”。
7.选B。从下文可知,他们的车子是逐渐向山上爬行的,当油用完时,车子已接近山顶。以致John后来散步时不知不觉中就到了山顶。
8.选D。从词的用法角度可知要用making。
9.选C。由于看不清路面,所以让同伴开慢些。
10.选A。依据常识可知,城镇是“标”在地图上的。
11.选B。开了二十里,仍不见小镇,不免开始“忧虑”起来。
12.选C。简单“检查”发现油没了,另三项表述不清。
13.选A。spend the night意为“度过夜晚”。
14.选D。填转折连词but。
15.选C。从got out of the car看,John不是一个容易睡着的人。
16.选D。从From the top of the hill可推知,他从车里出来以后是向山顶上走的。
17.选A。根据常识判断。
18.选D。ought to (应该)不合语境,succeed后不接to do故应排除,manage 和try均表示“设法”,但有细微差别,前者表示设法做成了某事,后者则不一定成功。故本题答案应为D。
19.选B。“在不到一刻钟时间内我们就到了镇上”。
20.选C。从第二段后句子可以推知,他们赶赴那个小镇的目的是为了住宿,所以在到达目的地后很快找到的应是旅馆(hotel)。
精讲精练三
People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try
to remember a solution, from the last time they had a 1 problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without 2 , they try to find a solution by trial or error.
3 , when all of these methods
4 , the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six
5 in analyzing a problem.
(完整word)2017年全国高考英语试卷3完形填空部分答案祥解
2017年全国高考英语试卷3完形填空部分答案祥解 贵州玉屏中学冯游洪 2017. 7 41. 选C 根据下文，机票受赠者必须名叫Elizabeth Gallagher并持有加拿大护照等“限制”而得知 42. 选 B A. 原籍 B. 护照 C. 口音 D. 朋友依据常识，做环球旅行须持护照，故选B 43. 选 D A. 假日结束，意味着机票着废，故不能选。B，不存在婚姻结束，因为前面 说明了他们只是男女朋友关系，故不能选。C 环球旅行梦想结束，机票着废，固不能选。D 由于男女朋友关系结束, 他俩的环球旅行未能成行, 故机票送人, 所以选D. 44. 选A 尽管环球旅行未能成行，但那男的不想浪费他前女友的那张机票，故选A 45. 选A A. 规定；政策 B. 命令 C. payment 支付 D. 日程安排根据航 空公司机票不可转让的规定, 故选A 46. 选 B 订票时, 护照信息没有作要求, 其余A申请，C核对，D讨价还价不符题意, 故选B 47. 选A 任何名叫Elizabeth Gallagher的人都可以使用这张机票，故选A 48. 选C A. 牺牲 B. 表达 C. 体验；亲历 D. 提供根据语境, 机票受赠人可亲历环球 旅行, 故选C 49. 选 C 男主人将此次的机票赠与信息发布在社交网站上, 其它 A答复, B建议, D评 价意义不符, 故选C 50. 选 B 根据上下文语境，收到几千人的电邮，其中包括30个人名字都叫Elizabeth Gallagher 并持有对应的，恰当的护照，A 相同的 C新的 D真的不符语境，故选 B，因为那30个人没可能都持 A相同的 C 新的护照 D 真的护照在此显然不符语境. 废话！出入境谁使用假护照？ 51. 选 A 根据下文，有几百人竟然有趣的将自己的名字改成Elizabeth Gallagher此处 只能是更有趣的是，故选A. 其它如 B更令人生气的是 C 更令人满意的是 D 更令人信服的是与语境不符。
高中英语教学论文 高考英语完形填空综合解析
高考英语完形填空综合解析 要提高完形填空的解题能力，首先应该综合全面地了解完形填空。要了解完形填空，我们需要回答五个问题。第一个问题：什么是完形填空？第二个问题：完形填空的特点是什么？第三个问题：学生存在的问题是什么？第四个问题：如何解完形填空？第五个问题：平时如何训练？只有解决了这五个问题，才能有的放矢地对完形填空进行教学和研究。 一、什么是完形填空？ 完形填空又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。简单说完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。从近几年的高考试题看，完形填空以语义空格为主，语法部分的内容已经弱化为对词法的考查。完形填空的空格分为四种类型：词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项，难度是逐渐上升的。 二、完形填空的特点是什么？ 1. 完形填空的题型特点 近几年来的完形填空题，有以下几个特点： ⑴短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。 ⑵短文选材一般为故事性文章，极少采用其它题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙，有插叙或倒叙，有时还夹有描述和议论。 ⑶短文的第一句不设空格，提供给考生一个思路，以便考生做题。 ⑷考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺，极少是考语法，所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。 ⑸短文长度基本稳定，一般在250～300个单词左右。 2. 完形填空选项设置的几个特点 ⑴同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。所以平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆。 ⑵固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词、典型句子结构的搭配。 ⑶常用语法。时态和语态、从句连词。 ⑷根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型。 3. 近年高考完形填空题的命题趋势和新题动向 ⑴阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。 ⑵生词量有增无减。 ⑶长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。 ⑷题目设置上单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大，并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多。 ⑸完形填空的第一句都是完整的句子，并且每篇文章都有一个主题。 三、学生存在的问题是什么？ 有些考生虽然具有一定的基础，但完形填空题的得分却总不尽如人意。他们的问题概括起来主要有以下几方面：
高考英语完形填空考试解题三大角度
高考英语完形填空考试解 题三大角度 完形填空题型有着极为深远的理论背景。在19世纪物理学重大发现“场理论”的启发下，德国心理学家柯勒等人提出了“格式塔心理学”，强调人类认知过程中的宏观性和整体性。1953年，美国语言学家Wilson Taylor基于上述理论，首次提出完形填空这种题型，旨在测试考生利用已知信息恢复不完整语言材料的自然倾向强度，进而考查考生的语言能力。 作为选拔性考试，高考必须具有较高信度、效度和必要的区分度以及一定的难度。完形填空的重点在于综合考查考生的词汇和语法等基础知识以及阅读和写作等语言运用能力，正好满足了高考的需求。自从1987年首次出现在高考英语试卷中以来，完形填空题型历来都属于高考英语中能力要求最高、试题难度最大的一类题型。
研究历年的各套高考完形填空题，可以从具体的题目之中看出该题型中若干对我们解题非常有帮助的共同特点： 一、从所选文章的角度 体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。高考完形填空题的选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文，这是和高考考生的语言水平紧密结合的。高考是各级各类英语测试中相对较简单的一种，因而采取了常见体裁中较简单的记叙文作为题目载体。因此，短文一般按照时间线索行文，内部逻辑清晰层次分明。 题材上，选用真实世界中的语言材料，考查考生使用语言进行信息获取和社会交际的能力，对心理问题、校园生活、奇闻轶事等热点话题继续关注，并兼顾高考的公平性原则，不涉及特定地域或人群色彩较浓的不具有一般性的话题。
难度上，基本与现行高三教材相当。字数上，完形填空短文词数在240——320之间。 二、从所挖空格的角度 首先，该题型所选短文一般无标题，但首句通常不设空，目的是让考生熟悉语言环境，迅速进入主题，对文章有宏观和整体性的把握，建立正确的思维导向。正文中通常挖去20个词，平均每14词挖一个空格，通常不会出现两个空格前后相连或同一句子挖空超过三个的情况。 其次，挖去的词汇以实词为主，虚词为辅。语言分为形式和内容两方面，而完形填空题多重视考查语言的内容，这是与承载具体信息的实词紧密相关的。在高考对具体语法规则不断淡化的趋势下，常与语言形式即具体语法条目相关的虚词数量不断下降，目前仅在3个空格左右。
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2019全国卷1高考英语完形填空答案详细解析 【预览部分】 【完形填空答案与详细解析】 【主旨大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。本文主要介绍乞力马扎罗山的垃圾污染问题以及当地管理机构努力治理之后环境的改观。本文就游客对乞力马扎罗山自然环境的破坏展开论述，对山体环境进行介绍，意在引起人们对于自然环境的重视。 41. D。考查动词词义辨析。译文：每年有40,000人到非洲最高的山脉乞力马扎罗山（Kilimanjaro）旅游，他们带来了许多废品垃圾。解答此题根本不用费什么心思，读完第一、第二句马上就明白：此题是因果逻辑推断题，即第一句是原因，第41空句是结果。根据前文Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.可知每年都有很多人去游览乞力马扎罗山，由此可推测该空是说游客将垃圾废物随身带到了山上。keep with意为“把……与……放一起”；mix with意为“（使）与……混合/结合”；connect with意为“与……连接”；bring sth. with sb. 意为“某人随身带来……”；故只有选项D切题。故选D。 42.C。考查名词词义辨析。译文：拥挤的人群破坏了美丽的乞力马扎罗山。此题仍然属于因果关系推断题。根据上一句Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa.可知，每年有大约四万人游览乞力马扎罗山，所以此处是指游客所造成的破坏，由此推断出本题答案是crowds（拥挤的人群）。A. stories故事；B. buildings建筑物；C. crowds人群；D. reporters记者。故选C。 【正文】 第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place —other destinations are described as “purer” natural
2017年高考高中英语完形填空题
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 英语科试题完形填空题一览 1、北京卷 第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。 A Race Against Death It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch 36 a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affecting children. The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage. How could the medicine get to Nome? The town`s 39 was already full of ice, so it couldn`t come by ship. Cars and horses couldn`t travel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didn`t exist yet. 41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twemty more were 42 . Nome`s town officials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana. From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers—known as “mushers”—would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力). The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannon`s face was black from the extreme cold. On January 31，a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound .It was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would 49 ,and so would the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across. A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amusher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of sonw blocked his 50 .He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the trail again. The only hope was
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2011全国卷 第二节完形填空20,J、题；每小题1．5分，满分30分) 阅读下面的短文，从短文后个体所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出也已填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。 In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 36 course about 20 years ago. The professor 37 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆),and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After 39 shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 40 Answer, and went on saying, ”You have just 41 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 42 your own senses.” Twenty years later, the 43 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 44 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 45 into an unknowns world invisible(无形的) to the 46 , which can be discovered only through scientific 47 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 48 the invitation. She was just 49 to understand the world .And she 50 that her firsthand experience could be the 51 . The professor, however, said that it was 52 . He was taking away her only 53 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute(替代). “I remember feeling small and 54 .”The woman says, “and I did the only thing I could do. I 55 the course the afternoon, and I haven’t gone near science since.”36．A．art B．history C. science D. math 37．A．searched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into 38．A．count B. guess C. report D. watch 39．A．warning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to 40．A．ready B. possible C. correct D. difficult 41．A．learned B. prepared C. taught D. taken 42．A．lose B. trust C. sharpen D. taken 43．A．lecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman 44．A．described B. respected C. saw D. served 45．A．voyage B. movement C. change D. rush 46．A．professor B．eye C．knowledge D．light 47．A．model B．senses C．spirit D．methods 48．A．hear B. make C．present D．refuse 49．A．suggesting B．beginning C．pretending D．waiting 50．A．believed B．doubted C．proved D．explained 51．A．growth B．strength C．faith D．truth 52．A．firm B. interesting C．wrong D．acceptable 53．A．task B．tool C．success D．action 54．A．cruel B．proud C．frightened D．brave 55．A．dropped B．started C．passed D．missed - 1 - / 2
12010-2017年上海高考英语完形填空真题 +答案
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2016年 In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively（本能地）51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work. In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision(监督，管理) if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be （impose sth on sb把…强加给某人）impose d from 54 without consultation（咨询）. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers. Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective（集体的，共同的）opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot. A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative （首创精神，主动权）,to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering（减少员工层）in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation
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While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL-American Sign Language(美式手语). I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 languages were enough in all my interactions(交往).Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL. The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 .This newness just left me 51 more. After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL club`s meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could. The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens. 41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal 42. A. progress B. experience C. major D. opinion 43. A. choose B. read C. learn D. create 44. A. official B. foreign C. body D. spoken 45. A. love B. concern C. goal D. request 46. A. meeting B. trip C. story D. task 47. A. recorded B. performed C. recited D. discussed 48. A. idea B. amount C. dream D. reason 49. A. disturbed B. supported C. embarrassed D. attracted 50. A. end B. past C. course D. distance 51. A. showing B. acting C. saying D. wanting 52. A. exercise B. explore C. express D. explain 53. A. print B. write C. sign D. count 54. A. slow B. steady C. normal D. obvious 55. A. chair B. sponsor C. attend D. organize 56. A. missed B. passed C. gave up D. registered for 57. A. prohibited B. welcomed C. ignored D. repeated https://www.360docs.net/doc/bd13838067.html,stly B.Thus C.Instead D.However 59.A.required B.caused C.allowed D.expected 60.A.easy B.popular C.quick D.new
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