2012上海理工大学考博英语试题11-9
2012年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷.doc
2012年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷.doc2012年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷(总分：212.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：40，分数：80.00)1.Not knowing a foreign language is a(n)______to enjoying travel abroad.（分数：2.00）A.barrierB.opponentC.challengeD.limitation2.He______the driver who was attempting to pass for the accident.（分数：2.00）A.accusedB.chargedC.blamedD.criticized3.A copyright protects authors and creators against______reproduction or use of writings and other original works of authorship for the life of the author plus 50 years.（分数：2.00）A.underminedB.unduplicatedC.unexpiredD.unauthorized4.Some teachers______their students' poor performance partially to a lack of intelligence.（分数：2.00）A.oweB.contributeC.attributeD.minister5.Many buildings here do not allow smoking; some will permit smoking only in______areas.（分数：2.00）A.designatedB.designedC.dedicatedD.descended6.The President______the public that taxes would not be increased after the election.（分数：2.00）A.ensuredB.insuredC.assuredD.secured7.The police are investigating how $ 20 million was illegally______out of the bank account.（分数：2.00）A.transformedB.transferredC.transmittedD.transplanted8.I know that if I start watching soap opera I will immediately become hopelessly______to it.（分数：2.00）A.excitedB.addictedC.interestedD.fascinated9.Most drugstores and big supermarkets have pharmacy(药房)department where the pharmacist will fill your______.（分数：2.00）A.presentationB.prepositionC.preservationD.prescription10.Many problems have______as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.（分数：2.00）A.risenB.arisenC.raisedD.aroused11.The peach tree they planted when they got married began to______fruit last year.（分数：2.00）A.makeB.growC.bearD.enjoy12.Youngsters who drink and smoke, and are often absent from school are far more likely to be ______from school.（分数：2.00）A.inducedB.disobeyedC.expelledD.forbidden13.The man was sentenced to 10 years in prison because he______a government official.（分数：2.00）A.bribedB.cheatedC.liedD.tricked14.As a lawyer, she has a high success______in the cases she handles.（分数：2.00）A.paceB.rateC.ratioD.percent15.After______research by a government council official confidently stated that this area of the sea is much safer than any other.（分数：2.00）A.partialB.absoluteC.extremeD.extensive16.The top floors of a building collapsed trapping a construction worker in the rubble(瓦砾), but he was______and can speak to rescuers.（分数：2.00）A.reasonableB.awakeC.consciousD.talkative17.The latest research seems to______that emotional maturity and self-knowledge is the key elements for success.（分数：2.00）A.implyB.confrontC.inquireD.encounter18.Although the nuclear radiation problems remain unsolved, the government's emphasis has been______from unclear to coal.（分数：2.00）A.attachedB.switchedC.locatedD.intended19.He is by no means a(n)______man. On the contrary, he always departs from customs.（分数：2.00）A.intelligentB.ignorantC.traditionalD.disgraceful20.In many Middle Eastern cultures, deadline is taken as a(n)______and such business behavior may lose the overseas salesperson business.（分数：2.00）A.insultB.campaignC.favor/doc/a9734281.html,petition21.Apartments owned by business often have a fixed price, but private owners are more inclined to______.（分数：2.00）A.negotiateB.surrenderC.coordinateD.mediate22.Dr. Hamiltonian was only going to make some introductory remarks, but______giving the speech himself when the speaker came down with the flu.（分数：2.00）A.set upB.turned upC.ended up/doc/a9734281.html,e up23.______telephone service provides immediate access to related personnel, which is free of charge.（分数：2.00）A.ImmediateB.EmergencyC.EmergenceD.Emerging24.More than two parties in different locations can talk______via a conference call.（分数：2.00）A.singularlyB.mutuallyC.similarlyD.simultaneously25.Never talk about that restaurant in front of me. It is______satisfactory.（分数：2.00）A.nothing butB.anything butC.something butD.everything but26.We were all______by the riddle " Why Bob and Tom are not twins though they have the same parents and were born almost at the same time?".（分数：2.00）A.distortedB.detachedC.breachedD.baffled27.Don't keep us in______any longer. Tell us what happened so that we can give you a hand.（分数：2.00）A.suspenseB.doubtC.suspectD.suspicion28.I've been very lazy but I'm going to turn over a new______and work hard.（分数：2.00）A.pageB.leafC.paperD.piece29.You have to speak to her louder as her hearing is found to be slightly______.（分数：2.00）A.affectionateB.defensiveC.effectiveD.defective30.Only a person with a pair of keen eyes could pick out those______paintings from these unwanted materials.（分数：2.00）A.valuelessB.worthlessC.pricelessD.featureless31.On weekends, people are queuing in the supermarket to______for there are only a few cashes.（分数：2.00）A.check onB.check upC.check inD.check out32.If you don't______cooking today, we can go out to eat at the new restaurant.（分数：2.00）A.go offB.feel likeC.try outD.take up33.Do you______her novels as serious literature or as mere entertainment?（分数：2.00）A.classifyB.notifyC.simplifyD.justify34.He suggested transporting the goods by air. This is absolutely not______, for it will cost too much.（分数：2.00）A.genuineB.exclusiveC.practicalD.incredible35.It will be worth the effort even if you fail; the rewards you______will be great.（分数：2.00）A.reapB.boastC.assureD.cultivate36.I wish to______a master's degree in electric engineering after I graduate from college.（分数：2.00）A.pledgeB.exploreC.pursueD.approach37.The people were very happy to see the government taking measures to______the possibility of inflation.（分数：2.00）A.maintainB.facilitateC.encloseD.eliminate38.The investigation______evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.（分数：2.00）A.uncoveredB.outweighedC.overwhelmedD.evolved39.Mothers tend to be too______towards their children. They should let them see more of the world.（分数：2.00）A.hopefulB.protectiveC.modestD.considerate40.No other drugs are as good as this one; it must have been based on a(n)______formula.（分数：2.00）A.uniqueB.stimulatingC.enormousD.overwhelming二、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)Marriage therapists teach a skill called active listening. Each partner takes a turn listening then interprets what he/she has heard and validates(证实)it. There is, however, a problem. It rarely works. For 80 percent of couples, active listening is too hard. Even happy couples have screaming matches. Every time you raise a hot-button issue, such as —the in-laws or money, does your husband suddenly clam up？ More than 80 percent of the time,it is the wife who brings up tricky marital issues, while the husband tries to avoid discussing them. This isn't a symptom of a troubled marriage — it's true in most happy marriages. You'll often hear that staying in a bad marriage is worse, for everybody concerned —especially the children —than getting divorced. That may be true if your home is so full of hostility that it's like a war zone. But sociologist Linder J. Waite says she has found that 75 percent of couples who rated their marriagesas miserable but stayed married were happy five years later. We usually think the strongest marriages are those that survive major traumas, such as bankruptcy or an extramarital affair. But frequently, dealing with the little things, those daily annoyances, eats away at a marriage. "Every couple experiences disappointment as initial romance and passion fade and they discover all their difference," says Wolin. "He doesn't do enough housework. She is too emotional. He watches too much TV. She's too lenient(宽容)with the kids. People think of these differences as problems, but they're actually opportunities to build marital muscles.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is NOT true about active listening?（分数：2.00）A.Active listening has proven to be a little impractical.B.A majority of couples don't practice active listening.C.Active listening doesn't ensure happy marriages.D.Happy couples never shout at each other.(2).The phrase "clam up"(Line 5. Para. 1)probably means______.（分数：2.00）A.shut upB.get upC.show upD.cheer up(3).We know from Paragraph 1 that the author thinks that a happy marriage______.（分数：2.00）A.is always full of romance and passionB.requires the tolerance of the husbandC.may not be free of quarrels and fightsD.excludes the discussion of sticky martial issues(4).What is implied in the passage about divorce in the passage?（分数：2.00）A.A bad marriage should and up in divorce to avoid further harmB.Divorce is not the best solution to bad marriage.C.Most couples get divorced for the sake of their children.D.Divorce is much better than suffering in a bad marriage.(5).What's the main idea of the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Daily annoyances can do harm to marriages.B.Marriage is not for romance and passion.C.Differences are essential for happy marriages.D.Surviving major misfortunes help strengthen marriages.Ground-level ozone is an air pollutant that causes human health problems even at very low levels. It also damages crops and other vegetation. It is a key ingredient of urban smog. "Good ozone" occurs naturally in the stratosphere approximately 10 to 30 miles above the earth's surface and forms a layer that protects life on earth from the sun's harmful rays. "Bad ozone" is formed in the earth's lower atmosphere, near ground level, when pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, industrial boilers, refineries, chemical plants, and other sources react chemically in the present of sunlight. Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer months when the weather conditions needed to formground-level ozone —lots of sun, hot temperatures — normally occur. The length of ozone season varies from one area of the United States to another. Southern and southwestern states may have an ozone season that lasts nearly the entire year. Ozone can irritate lung airways and cause inflammation much like sunburn. Other symptoms include wheezing, coughing, pain when taking it deep breath, and breathing difficulties during exercise of outdoor activities. People with respiratory problems are most vulnerable, but even healthy people who are active outdoors can be affected when ozone levels are high. Repeated exposure to ozone pollution for several months may cause permanent lung damage. Anyone who spends time outdoors in the summer is at risk, particularly children and other people who are active outdoors. Even at very low levels, ground-level ozone triggers a variety of problems including aggravated asthma, reduced lung capacity, and increased susceptibility to respiratory illnesses like pneumonia and bronchitis. Ozone damage can occur without any noticeable signs. People who love in areas where ozone levels are frequently high may find that their initial symptoms go away overt time —particularly when exposure to high ozone levels continues for several days. Ozone continues to cause lung damage even when the symptoms have disappeared.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Bad zone comes into existence in the Earth's upper atmosphere.B.Good zone appears in the Earth's lower atmosphere, near ground-level.C.Bad zone only damages crops and other vegetation.D.Ground-level ozone is made up of pollutants emitted by cars, power plants, and so on.(2).It can be learned from the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.Urban smog mainly consists of "good ozone"B.Bad ozone protects us from the sun's harmful ultraviolet raysC.Ozone pollution is especially harmful to people's health in summerD.The states in the North and Northwest of the U. S may have the longest ozone season(3).What does the word "vulnerable"(Line 3, Para. 3)most probably mean?（分数：2.00）A.Hard to deal with.B.Harmful and dangerous.C.Easy to be hurt or affected.D.Hot in temper and hard to calm down.(4).According to the passage, ground-level ozone causes the following health problem EXCEPT ______.（分数：2.00）A.stomach cancerB.more serious asthmaC.decreased lung capacityD.pneumonia and bronchitis(5).We can see that the passage is mainly about______.（分数：2.00）A.good ozone and its function of protecting peopleB.ozone pollution and its effects on people's healthC.the measures mat Southern states of the U. S. should take against ozone pollutionD.how people with respiratory problems should protect themselves from ozone pollution School buildings themselvescan reflect liberal or conservative views about what should go on in a classroom. The earliest schools built to accommodate large numbers of children had separate classrooms for graded groups. The rooms were laid out formally, with pupils' desks bolted to the floor in straight rows facing the teacher's desk. Clearly, the school itself reflected a teacher-and subject-centered view of education. Schools of the next generation, built after 1940, were lighter and airier and had more open space, and most had movable desks. They also often provided special rooms or areas for science, art, music, and physical education. There were still separate rooms for different grade levels, however, and the desks still were likely to be formally arranged in straight, rows. That is, the schoolroom was still largely designed to implement the old school program, which involved grade levels, uniform time blocks, uniformity of instruction, and absorption of subject matter. Newer subjects, not newer teaching methods, accounted for most of what was new in school design. The first school buildings specifically to facilitate liberal teaching methods began to appear in the mid-1950s. Folding interior walls — or no walls at all — permitted the flexible use of space to encourage large-group, small-group, or individual instruction. Some provided carrels for individual study, areas designed for team teaching, centers for programmed instruction and a language laboratory. In the newest buildings —called open schools —the use of space is even more flexible. Since so much of the space is undifferentiated, areas within the buildings can be readily expanded, converted to accommodate program changes,and used for many kinds of functions. As a reflection of a conservative or liberal attitude toward education, the physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative orliberal teaching practices. But it cannot determine what those practices will be. It may be difficult for a conservative teacher to operate in a physically open classroom or for liberal teacher to operate in formal classroom. But it is not impossible. What determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative, in terms of the education the students receive, is the spirit and attitude of the teacher.（分数：10.00）(1).What is the main idea of this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The physical layout of school buildings can reflect liberal or conservative views about education.B.The physical layout of a school can either facilitate or hinder conservative or liberal teaching practices.C.The spirit and attitude of the teachers determines whether the classroom is liberal or conservative.D.The development of school buildings reflects the improvement in education quality.(2).What's the greatest difference between the earliest and the second generation schools?（分数：2.00）A.The former had separate classrooms for different grades while the latter not.B.Classrooms were laid out formally in the former while informally in the latter.C.Teaching methods are newer in the latter as compared with the former.D.Subjects are newer in the latter as compared with the former.(3).The word "carrel" in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to______.（分数：2.00）A.a small room with a deskB.a bookshelf with reference materialsC.a self-study aiding toolD.a computer with teaching courseware(4).According to the passage, we may infer that the newest school buildings reflect______.（分数：2.00）A.a teacher-centered view of educationB.a student-centered view of educationC.a subject-centered view of educationD.a practice-centered view of education(5).The author holds a(n)______view towards the open schools in terms of how they affect teaching practices.（分数：2.00）A.positiveB.objectiveC.doubtfulD.indifferentEvery successful person has one thing in common. If you asked how they were able to reach their career goals, the answer would undoubtedly be the same, a mentor. A mentor is someone who supports, coaches, and advises you along your career path. None of us stands alone and without proper guidance and support from someone that can show us the topes, our paths are more difficult. Women have been missing the boat when it comes to taking advantage of the wealth of information other successful women have. Though this may not be by choice, most women find it very difficult to connect with other women on this level. One study showed two overwhelming reasons why this group of women felt they were having such a difficult time. They agreed that because they face what is known as the concrete ceiling and the lack of successful women role models, their chances for success are very limited. Mentoring has long been recognized by our male counterparts as a necessary part of career advancement.A mentor can help you avoid common pitfall associated withyour career because they have been there and done that. Their advice can be invaluable to you at every level of your career. Even the most successful individuals and top level executives depend on mentors or career coaches to assist them in difficult situations and to improve their skills and knowledge. Mentoring is a very special and unique relationship that allows each person to benefit from the experience. Women who have chosen to volunteer as mentors, in most cases have been mentored themselves. They recognize the benefits of such a relationship and want to offer the same kind of support to someone else. Career success takes more than just your typical college education; it requires networking skills and the support of influential people. A mentor can introduce you to other influential people, offer advice, make suggestions for a particular career path and even let you vent your career frustrations. One of the most important decisions you should make about your career is to seek out a mentor and begin to build this very powerful and wonderful relationship to help insure your future career success.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be inferred from the first paragraph that______.（分数：2.00）A.mentoring is quite prevalent among career "women", who tend to support, coach and advise those inexperienced womenB.some women lose some good chance for career success because other successful women are not so willing to offer helpC.sometimes even a mentor can's help you avoid making silly mistakes associated with your careerD.there are some exceptions such as the most successful individual and top level executive, who don't need mentors orcareer coaches(2).The phrase "the concrete ceiling"(Line 2, Para. 2)most probably mean______.（分数：2.00）A.official upper limit, existing as something real or solid rather than what is imagined in the mindB.the inner surface of the top of a room, being made of concreteC.the height above the concrete groundD.the greatest height at which a particular type of plane can fly safely(3).It can be learned from the passage that______.（分数：2.00）A.a person can achieve career success with or without a mentor behindB.some people can reach their career goals on their ownC.there is always a mentor behind every successful personD.successful career women are likely to offer help to other women(4).According to the passage, a mentor can do the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.giving you advice and making suggestions for a particular career pathB.introducing you to other influential people, who can help you achieve your career successC.helping you master the most up-to-date technologyD.even letting you express your frustrations about your career(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.Men, women, and their career success.B.The importance of mentoring.C.Limited chances for career success.D.The common way to career success for women.Playing violent video games can have immediate and lasting effects on a person's thoughts and behavior, new research shows. In fact, researchers report that the interactive and increasingly graphic mature of some video games makes them "potentially more dangerous" than violence-charged television and movies. Psychologists Anderson and Dill conducted two studies. In one study of 227 college students, the investigators found that students who more frequently played violent video games during junior high and high school were more likely to have engaged in " aggressive behavior". A second study in which 210 college students played either a violent or non-violent video game revealed that the violence-packed game increased subjects' aggression immediatelyafterwards. In the first study, the investigators questioned students on their natural levels of aggression and irritability, and their delinquent(犯法的)behavior —for instance whether they had bit other students in the past year. The investigators found that students with aggressive personalities and those who more often played violent video games were more prone to real-life aggression. Students who considered themselves aggressive were also more likely to play violet video games. Since aggressive people may seek out violet games, coming to the conclusion that the video games caused real-life delinquency is too risky. However, the second study lined video-game violence with immediate increases in aggression. Anderson and Dill had students play either a violent game or a nonviolent game and let the students believe they were playing against an opponent in another room after completing the video game, participants played a competitive-reaction game with their imaginaryopponents, in this game the winner was allowed to publish the loser with a noise blast(响亮的噪音). The researchers found that students who were fresh from the violent video game blasted their opponents longer than those who played the nonviolent game. Because video games show short-term and long-term effects, Anderson and Dill suppose that videogame violence influences behavior not by arousing aggressive feelings, but by teaching players to find "aggressive solutions" to problems. Unlike TV, many video games demand that player identify with the aggressor and actively participate in violence.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the passage, violent video games may be more dangerous than violent movies or TV programs because video games______.（分数：2.00）A.tend to be more violent/doc/a9734281.html,y more emphasis on violent actsC.require active involvement of playersD.arouse aggressive feelings more quickly(2).The purpose of the first study was to try to establish a cause effect relationship between ______.（分数：2.00）A.aggressive personality and real-life violenceB.violent behavior in the past and violent behavior at presentC.aggressive personality and more involvement in playing violent video gamesD.more involvement in playing violet video games and aggressive behavior(3).In order to find out the short-term effect of violent video game, researchers______.（分数：2.00）A.asked game players to blast the loser in the violent video gamesB.observed the behavior of game players when playing violent video gamesC.put game players into a real fight in a small room with aggressive opponentsD.observed game players' reaction to their imaginary opponents in competitive games(4).Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Violent video games arouse aggressive feeling in game players.B.Violent video games inevitably result in delinquent behavior of game players.C.Violent video games teach players to solve problems in an aggressive ways.D.Violent video games have short terms and long-term effect on game players.(5).This best title of the passage can be______.（分数：2.00）A.Effects of Violent Video GamesB.Video Games Increase CrimesC.Video Games and PsychologyD.New Research Findings of Video Games.It is a pleasure to see men of a certain age worrying about their weight. Listening to them is not such a pleasure. Because the men are new at the game, they don't hesitate to discuss the fat problem incessantly. However, women of the same age do not discuss the fat problem especially not in mixed company. They prefer to face the problem with quiet dignity. Discussing the problemmight only draw attention to some stray body part that may be successfully tucked away under an article of clothing. The ageat which a man begins to explore the fat problem can vary. The actual problem can manifest itself in the early 30's, but broad-range discussion usually starts later. There are early nonverbal symptoms. I've watched the rugged journalist who shares my apartment sneak by with a Diet Coke. His shirts are no longer neatly tucked in to display a trim waist. Recently he has begun to verbalize his anxiety. He tells me, with a sheepish grin, that he is taking his suits to Chinatown to have them "tailored". Still-older men have lost their dignity and rattle on unabashedly. Often, wives and children play important roles in their fat-inspection rituals. Take my oldest brother, a former college football player. His daughter says that several times a day he will stand at attention and call out. "Fat medium or thin?" She knows the correct answer medium. Thin would be an obvious stretch, and fat may not get her that new video. According to his wife, he stands in front of the mirror in the morning(before the day's meals take their toll), puts his hands behind his head and lurches into a side bend, then clutches the roll that has developed and says, "Am I getting fatter?" His wife is expected to answer. "You look like you may have lost a few pounds. " And then there are the ex-husbands, a pitiful group. They are extremely vocal. When I go to the movies with one, he confides that he is suffering from great hunger because he is dieting. He hasn't eaten since the pancakes and sausages he wolfed down that morning. He pauses in his monologue while he buys his popcorn. After the movie, we sprint to a restaurant, where he again pauses to devour a basket of bread. Before he orders his chaste salad and soup, he grows plaintive. Do I think he's fat?（分数：10.00）(1).Which statement is FALSE concerning the attitude women take towards the fat problem?（分数：2.00）。
2012年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：M: Well, just keep your arm straight there. Fine, there will be a little prick like a mosquito bite. OK? There we go. Ok, I will send that sample off and we’ll check it. If the sample is ok, we won’t need to go on seeing you anymore. W: So you think I’m getting better? M: Absolutely. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?1．A．The woman’s condition is critical.B．The woman has been picking up quite well.C．The woman’s illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D．The woman won’t see the doctor any more.正确答案：B解析：此题考点为细节信息再现。
女士问医生是不是好转了，医生回答说当然，故答案为B。
选项C是干扰项，医生让女病人伸直手臂，并说会有向蚊子叮咬的刺痛，prick的含义是“刺痛”。
听力原文：W: It’s Mr. Cong, isn’t it?M: That’s right. I saw you six months ago with a broken finger.W: Yes, of course. And is that all healing well?M: It’s fine.W: What can we do for you today?M: Well, I’ve been having these headaches in the front, about my eyes. It started two months ago.They seem to come on quite suddenly, and I get dizzy spell as well. Q: What is the trouble in the man now?2．A．A broken finger.B．A terrible cough.C．Frontal headaches.D．Eye problem.正确答案：C解析：此题考点为细节信息再现。
2012全国医学考博英语真题+答案详解
20201212年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题试卷一(Paper one)Part l Listening Comprehension(30%)Section ADirections:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation,you will hear a question about what is said.The questionwill be read only once.After you hear the question,read the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWERSHEET。
Listen to the following example.You will hear:Woman:I fell faint.Man:No wonder You haven't had a bite all day.Question:What's the matter with the woman?You will read:A.She is sick.B.She is bitten by an ant.C.She is hungry.D.She spilled her paint.Here C is the right answer.Sample AnswerA B●D Now let's begin with question number1.1. A.The woman's condition is critical.B.The woman has been picking up quite well.C.The woman's illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D.The woman won't see the doctor any more.2. A.A broken finger. B.A terrible cough.C.Frontal headaches.D.Eye problem.3. A.She needs a physical examination. B.She is in good health.C.It's good to have a doctor friend.D.It's good to visit the doctor.4. A.He prefers to take pills to get antioxidants.B.He prefers to get antioxidants from food.C.He doesn't mind eating a lot every day.D.He is overcautious sometimes.5. A.The blouse is a bargain. B.The blouse is too expensive.C.The blouse is colorful.D.The blouse is so fashionable.6. A.To queue for a ticket. B.To take man's offer.C.To buy a ticket online.D.To try an agency.17. A.She disagrees with the man.B.She couldn't agree with the man more.C.It's hard for them to fulfill their plans.D.It's impossible to get money from the Gates Foundation.8. A.One minute. B.Fifteen minutes.C.Half an hour.D.Five minutes.9. A.She is freezing cold. B.She is crazy about ice cream.C.She has a headache.D.She has brain fever.10. A.She can't wait for the man. B.She is very eager to see the man.C.She will go to the USA with the man.D.She expects the man to stay.11. A.A cold. B.A headache.C.A hoarse voice.D.Insomnia.12. A.To go to Susan for advice. B.To try to think like Susan.C.To break up with Susan.D.To have a date with Susan.13. A.She will become a famous singer soon. B.She will become an American idol.C.She will sign up for a talent show.D.She will surely stand out from the crowd.14. A.To take a month off work. B.To rest in bed as much as possible.C.To take some herbal medicine.D.To put on plaster.15. A.The Chinese face cream. B.The American face cream.C.The French perfume.D.The medication.Section BDirections:In this section you will hear three passages.After each one,you will hear five questions.After each question,read the four possible answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Passage One16. A.White blood cell count. B.Red blood cell count.C.X-ray.D.ECG.17. A.Too much work to do. B.A heavy load of studying.C.Her daughter's sickness.D.Her insufficient income.18. A.Leukemia. B.Gastric ulcer.C.Immune disease.D.Gastric influenza.19. A.Take the white tablets three times a day. B.Take the charcoal tablets three times a day.C.Take one or two white tablets at a time.D.Take two charcoal tablets a day.20. A.Stay off work. B.Drink plenty of liquids.C.Eat a lot of vegetables and fruit.D.Postpone your exercise when sick.Passage Two21. A.35million. B.34million. C.25million. D.20million.22. A.Author,professor and dreamer B.Writer,professor and insomniac.C.Author,psychologist and insomniac.D.Dramatist,psychologist and scientist.23. A.Sleeping in8-hour consolidated blocks.B.Sleeping during day time.C.Going to bed soon after dark.2D.Two blocks of4-hour sleep with a waking break.24. A.Because they have unnoticeable sleeping patterns.B.Because they sleep very little.C.Because they are insensitive.D.Because they can't complain.25. A.Sleep is highly variable,and wears out with age.B.Falling asleep is a gradual process.C.Sleeping less will help you lose weight.D.People need to sleep eight hours a day.Passage Three26. A.Eight-year-olds. B.Twelve-year-olds.C.Seventeen-year-olds.D.Adults.27. A.The use off MRI. B.The use of computer tasks.C.The three-way division of the subjects.D.The instructions given to the subjects.28. A.12-year-olds respond strongly to negative feedback.B.12-year-olds function the same as8-year-olds.C.8-year-olds function almost the same as adults.D.12-year-olds function almost the same as adults.29. A.Not bad. B.Excellent.C.Not so good.D.Got it wrong this time.30. A.Scientists. B.The general public.C.Teachers at the kindergarten.D.Children with Attention Deficit Disorder Part II Vocabulary(10%)Section ADirections:In this section all the statements are incomplete,beneath each of which there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word or phrase that can bestcomplete the statement and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.31.Her dietician suggested that_____diet and moderate exercise would help her recover soon.A.temperateB.temporaryC.tentativeD.tempting32.His health compels him to______in his early30s.e offB.knock offC.drop offD.pull off33.Two days later he regained his consciousness,forgetful of what had happened in the______A.transparencyB.transiencyC.tranceD.trace34.Despite financial belt-tightening this year,Christmas still represents a great time for_____A.arroganceB.surveillanceC.indulgenceD.turbulence35.A succession of______visits by the two countries'leaders have taken their relations out ofthe cooler over the past20months.A.reciprocalB.receptiveC.repulsiveD.Redundant36.The prime minister,beset by______support rate,made the decision to resign over theweekend to avoid a political vacuum.A.spontaneousB.strenuousC.soaringD.sluggish,337.Beijing Tourism Bureau has released a list of translations for2,753dishes and drinksto______public opinions.A.solicitB.perceiveC.conceiveD.investigate38.The greatest risk for rickets is in______breastfed infants who are not supplemented with400 IU of Vitamin D a day.A.exceptionallyB.practicallyC.exclusivelyD.proportionately39.The government is spending hundreds of billions extending the electricity_______to every remote village for the improvement of farmers'livelihoods.A.gridB.grantC.groveD.grandeur40.Social scientists believe that societies with a_______of young men without hope of marriage suffer from instability,violence and surges in crime.A.swarmageB.hatchC.gangD.surplusSection BDirections:In this section you each of the following sentences has a word or phrase underlined, beneath which are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the word orphrase which are best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted forthe underlined part.Then mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41.She,a crazy fan,felt a tingle of excitement at the sight of Michael Jackson.A.glimpseB.gustC.panicD.pack42.She could never transcend her resentments against her mother's partiality for her brother.A.disciplineplainC.conquerD.defy43.One could neither trifle with a terror of this kind,nor compromise with it.A.belittleB.exaggerateC.ponderD.eliminate44.In light of his good record,the police accepted defense.A.In place ofB.In view ofC.In spite ofD.In search of45.City officials stated that workers who lied on their employment applications may be terminated.A.accusedB.punishedC.dismissedD.suspended46.An outbreak of swine flu outside of Mexico City was blamed for the deaths of more than a hundred people in April2009.A.attached toB.ascribed toposed ofD.related to47.When a forest goes ablaze,it discharges hundreds of chemical compounds,including carbon monoxide.A.puts outB.passes offC.pulls outD.sends out48.Unfortunately,the bridge under construction clasped in the earthquake,so they had to do thewhole thing again from scratch.A.from the beginningB.from now onC.from time to timeD.from the bottom49.Identical twin sisters have led British scientists to a breakthrough in leukemia research thatpromises more effective therapies with fewer harmful side-effects.A.administersB.nurturesC.inspiresD.ensures50.Radical environmentalists have blamed pollutants and synthetic chemicals in pesticides forthe disruption of human hormones.A.disturbanceB.distractionC.intersectionD.interpretation4Part III C l oze(10%)Directions:In this section there is passage with ten numbered blanked.For each blank,there are choices marked A,B,C and D listed below the passage.Choose the best answer andmark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Dear Dr.Benjamin,Congratulations on your nomination as United States Surgeon General.Based on your extraordinary career and your commitment to51health disparities among underserved populations,no doubt your tenure will be marked by great progress toward the goal of improved health for all Americans.Each United States Surgeon General has the unique opportunity to create his or her own lasting legacy.Dr.Koop focused on smoking prevention.Dr.Satcher one of52mentors, released the first comprehensive report on mental health.We encourage you to build your own legacy53concept of prevention through healthy lifestyles--a legacy that is both sustainable and cost-effective.This also is an important issue for Members of Congress,many of whom believe that54prevention and wellness initiatives will bring down costs and help people lead healthier lives.The American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM)would be honored to partner with you on such an initiative.ACSM,the largest sports medicine and exercise science organization in the world,55 ready to work with you to increase healthy behaviors-especially physical activity--throughout the life span.During this crucial period of health system reform,we've been advocating for strategies that support preventive medicine not just through diagnostic testing,56promoting healthy, active behaviors that all Americans can achieve at little or no cost.In fact,ACSM already has a working agreement with the Surgeon General's office,focused on a series of healthy-lifestyle public service announcements for our Exercise Is Medicine TM program,a program that57calls on doctors to encourage their patients to incorporate physical activity and exercise into their daily routine.As you are58aware,physical activity can prevent and treat a host of chronic conditions--such as heart disease,type II diabetes,and obesity–that currently plague our country.Your example as59whose family has suffered from preventable disease and who demonstrates healthy lifestyles can be powerful indeed.Anytime either before or after your appointment is confirmed,we would60the opportunity to meet with you and your staff to discuss how we,along with other leading health organizations,can enhance the prevention paradigm through physical activity.Again,Dr,Benjamin,I extend our deepest congratulations and best wishes.Sincerely,James Pivarnik,Ph.D.,FACSMPresident,American College of Sports Medicine51. A.handle B.eliminate C.achieving D.addressing52. A.his own B.our own C.your own D.her own53. A.around B.above C.at D.across54. A.promoted B.promoting C.having been promoting D.having been promoted55. A.put B.got C.sits D.stands56. A.but for B.but that C.but by D.but also57. A.arguably B.excessively C.specifically D.exceptionally558. A.well B.better C.the very D.the most59. A.those B.one C.this D.it60. A.greet B.welcome C.deserve D.celebratePart IV Reading Comprehension(30%)Directions:In this part there are six passages,each of which is followed by five questions.For each question there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answerand mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneAs the defining epidemic of a modem age notable for overconsumption and excess,obesity is hard to beat.The increased availability of high-fat,high-sugar foods,along with more sedentary lifestyles,has helped push the number of obese people worldwide to beyond400million,and the number of overweight to more than1.6billion.By2015,those figures are likely to grow to700 million and2.3billion respectively,according to the World Health Organization.Given the health implications--increased risk of heart disease,stroke,diabetes and some cancers--anything that helps people avoid piling on the pounds must be a good thing,right?Those who agree will no doubt welcome the growing success of researchers striving to develop"diet pills"that provide a technical fix for those incapable of losing weight any other way. Last week a study published in The Lancet showed that tesofensine,which works by inducing a sense of fullness,is twice as effective as any other drug at enabling patients to lose weight.There is no question that advances such as this are good news for those with a strong genetic predisposition to obesity.But for the rest of us it is dangerous to see treatment as a more effective solution than prevention.There are several reasons for this.For a start,the traditional ways of maintaining a safe weight,such as limiting what you eat,increase consumption of fruit and vegetables and taking more exercise,are beneficial for our health in many ways.Second,overindulgence in fatty foods has implications for the entire planet.Consider the deleterious environmental effects of the rising demand for meat.As demonstrated in our special issue on economic growth,technological fixes will not compensate for excessive consumption. Third,interfering with the brain circuits that control the desire for food can have an impact on other aspects of a person's personality and their mental and physical health.We need two approaches:more research into the genetics of obesity to understand why some people are more susceptible,and greater efforts to help people avoid eating their way to an early death.Cynics will say we've tried education and it hasn't worked.That is defeatist:getting people to change their behavior takes time and effort,held back as we are by our biological tendency to eat more than we need,and by the food industry's ruthless opportunism in exploiting that.Drugs will be the saving of a few--as a last resort.But the global obesity problem is one of lifestyle,and the solution must be too.61.In the first paragraph all the figures surrounding obesity reflect________A.a close link between growing obese and developing diseaseB.the inevitable diseases of modem civilizationC.the war against the epidemic we have lostD.the urgency of the global phenomenon62.When it comes to the recently reported diet pills,the author would say that________6A.drags are no replacement of preventionB.the technical advance is not necessarily good newsC.the technical fix does help reverse the obesity epidemicD.the mechanism of tesofensine still remains to be verified63.Which of the following can be referred to as the environmental perspective of the author'sargument?A.Belittling good health behavior.B.Imposing a heavy burden on our planet.C.Making trouble for our social environment.D.Having implications for mental and physical health.64.The author argues that we make greater efforts to help people fight against_________A.their biological overeating tendency and aggressively marketed foodsB.the development of diet pills as a technical fix for obesityC.their excuses for their genetic susceptibility to obesityD.the defeatism prevailing in the general populations65.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?A.No Quick FixB.Disease of CivilizationC.Pursuing a Technical FixD.A War on Global ObesityPassage TwoAn abandoned airfield near a former Nazi concentration tramp may soon feature pagodas and Tai Chi parks.A$700million project aims to give Germany its own Chinatown22miles north of Berlin in the town of Oranienburg,housing2,000residents by2010.The investor group behind the scheme hopes the new Chinatown will attract tourists and business to rival the famed Chinatowns of San Francisco and New York by delivering an "authentic Chinese experience.""You'll be able to experience China,go out for a Chinese meal, and buy Chinese goods,"says Stefan Kunigam,managing director of Bandenburg-China -Project-Management GmbH.The project has attracted investors in both Germany and China,reports Christoph Lang of Berlin's Trade and Industry promotion Office."Chinese investors have already asked if we have a Chinatown here."He says."The cultural environment is very important for them.You cannot build a synthetic Chinatown."Germany is home to about72,000Chinese migrants(2002Federal Statistical Office figures), but the country has not had a Chinatown since the early1930s in Hamburg,when most of the city's2,000Chinese residents fled or were arrested by the Nazis.German's more-recent history with anti-foreigner extremism remains a problem even within the government,reports Deutsche Welle(DW),Germany's international broadcaster.DW notes that National Democratic Party lawmaker Holger Apfel's xenophobic(恐外的)comments about "state-subsidized Oriental mega-families"at first went largely uncriticized."Every fourth German harbors anti-foreigner sentiments,"DW quotes Miriam Gruss,a Free Democratic Party parliamentarian."Right-wing extremism is clearly rooted in the middle of society.It's not a minor phenomenon."The German government initiated a special youth for Democracy andTolerance program in January2007as part of its tolerance-building efforts.7While it is not clear how many Chinese migrants will ultimately settle in the new German Chinatown,developers hope the project will increase Germans'understanding for China and Chinese culture.66.If set up,according to the passage,the new German Chinatown will probably be_______A.a rival to the Chinatowns of San Francisco and New YorkB.mainly made of pagodas and Tai Chi parksC.located in the north suburbs of BerlinD.the biggest one in Germany67.When he says that you cannot build a synthetic Chinatown,Lang means_______A.the real imported goods made in ChinaB.the authoritative permission for the projectC.the importance of the location for a ChinatownD.the authentic environment to experience Chinese culture68.By mentioning the population of Chinese migrants in Germany,the author most probablymeans that_________A.it is too late to build a ChinatownB.it is their desire to save a ChinatownC.it is important to create jobs for themD.it is necessary to have a Chinatown there69.According to the passage,German anti-foreigner extremismA.can seed the new community with hatredB.could be an obstacle to the projectC.will absolutely kill the planD.is growing for the scheme70.The message from the plan is clear:A.to build a new communityB.to fight against right-wing extremismC.to promote more cultural understandingD.to increase Chinese's understanding of GermanyPassage ThreeThe American research university is a remarkable institution,long a source of admiration and wonder.The idyllic(田园诗的),wooded campuses,the diversity and energy of the student populations,and,most of all,the sheer volume of public and private resources available to nm them,have made them the envy of the world.Seen from the inside,however,everything is not quite so rosy.Setting aside the habitual complexity of medical schools,which have separate healthcare and finance issues,the structure of these institutions is straightforward and consistent.The bedrock of each university is a system of discipline-specific departments.The strength of these departments determines the success and prestige of the institution as a whole.This structure raises a few obvious questions.One is the relevance of the department-based structure to the way scientific research is done.Many argue that in a host of areas--ranging from computational biology and materials science to pharmacology and climate science--much of the most important research is now interdisciplinary in nature.And there is a sense that,notwithstanding years of efforts to adapt to this change by encouraging interdisciplinary collaboration,the department-based structure of the university is essentially at odds with such collaboration.8A second set of issues surrounds the almost static nature of the departmental system.In a country where most things are highly fluid,the fields covered by departments,as well as the pecking order(权势等级)between them,have remained largely unchanged for many years.Aspeople and money have flowed,particularly over the past twenty years,to the south and the southwest,the strongest US universities and departments remain embedded in the northeast and in California.League tables drawn up by the National Academy of Sciences and others show little movement in this pecking order,even over several decades.Another,perhaps more contentious,issue concerns the relevance of the modem research university to the community it serves.The established model,whatever else its strengths and weaknesses,reflects the desire of the middle classes for undergraduate training that prepares their offspring for a stable career.But how does it serve a society in which people may have to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?71.The passage begins with the presentation of the American research university_______A.in a unique wayB.in a jealous toneC.in the eyes of outsidersD.out of personal admiration72.The traditional model of the US research university________A.determines the complexity of the single-discipline departmentB.is well established with competition among its departmentsC.ensures the success and prestige of each single departmentD.is characterized by the department-based structure73.The structure of the US research university,the author contends,needs to be stretched_____A.to change the way scientific research is done along the disciplineB.to promote individuality and creativity in doing scienceC.to address the current interdisciplinary challengesD.to advance the discipline-based department74.In addition to the department-based structure,the pecking order_______A.remains unchallenged as the name of the gameB.fosters unfair competition at the American institutionC.contributes to insufficient interdisciplinary collaborationD.makes uneven allocations of financial resource among the US universities75.What can be inferred from the question:But how does it serve a society in which people mayhave to retrain and recreate their careers throughout their adult lives?A.The American societal structure has an impact on that of the research university.B.College students need to be trained to be dedicated to the social value of science.C.The modem research university ought to change the way it serves the middle class.D.The established model serves as an obstacle to the best service of the society.Passage FourScience and politics make uncomfortable bedfellows.Rarely is this more true than in the case of climate change,where it is now time for emergency counseling.One point repeatedly made at last week's climate change congress in Copenhagen was that formulating an action plan to curb climate change is not a job of scientists.Politicians may be left scratching their heads over what to do,but at this stage climatescientists cannot provide more guidance than they did in the2007report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,for two reasons.9First,models will never provide a straightforward prediction of how the climate will change. As one Copenhagen delegate put it:"Tell me what the stock market will do in100years and I will tell you what the climate will do."Second as most climate scientists will agree,their role is not toformulate policy.They can provide more or less apocalyptic(大灾预测的)scenarios of what will happen if emissions hit certain thresholds,from burning forests to disappearing islands.But when politicians ask what is the absolute maximum amount of carbon dioxide we should allow to be pumped out,the answer is,invariably,how much risk do you want to take?There are ways out of the deadlock.As the major climate negotiations in December approach,scientists need to be able to take off their labcoats sometimes and speak as concerned citizens.Some may feel uncomfortable with blurting the line between science and activism,but they should be aware that no one understands the risks better than they do and no one is better placed to give informed opinions.Politicians,for their part,should stop begging climatologists for easy answers.What they need instead is a new breed of advisers to descend from the ivory towers of academia and join the climate fray–people who are willing and able to weight up the risks,costs and benefits of various degrees of action.If all else fails,there may still be the safety net of geoengineering.As we have said on several occasions,this option can no longer be dismissed as fantasy.Reputable scientists are discussing options among themselves and with policy-makers,but the fact that we are even considering it should spur governments to cut emissions,cut them deeply and cut them fast. Geoengineering is no get-out-of-jail-free card;it has dangers of its own.The military are already taking an interest,raising the spectre of climate weapons able to divert rainfall and bring drought. That is the last thing we want.76.In the case global warning,scientists_______A.tend to be more conservative than politiciansB.are in no position to offer a definite answerC.never trust politicians as in other casesD.feel incapable more than ever before77.Speaking of climate change,politicians______A.don't like it when scientists are indirectB.never see eye to eye with scientists thereC.seldom want to play the game with scientistsD.are left puzzled over the formulation of policy78.To bridge the gap between the two sides,according to the passage,scientists are supposedto_______A.act with more concern and enthusiasmB.discard their prejudice towards politiciansC.be definite enough to offer informed opinionsD.do as concerned citizens do in protecting environment79.For their part,politicians ought to be reasonable and_______A.pick up the right scientists for informed opinionsB.place policy and decision in the hands of scientistsC.receive reeducation in the ivory towers of academia10D.choose those who can provide a straightforward prediction80.The author reminds those who are talking about geoengineering of________A.the other alternatives in the matterB.the climate weapon as a double-edged swordC.the dangers of the fantasy among the reputable scientistsD.the urgency of emission reduction on the part of governmentsPassage FiveYou are what you eat notwithstanding,it is only recently that most consumers have become interested in the technical details of their food's composition,production and transport.With obesity and climate change now major concerns,and"localvore"and"food miles"entering the lexicon,shoppers are clamoring for information.And many food companies are happy to supply it, resulting in a dizzying array of multicolored labels and claims.But not everyone is happy.A proposed law in Indiana is the latest attempt in the United States to ban milk labels proclaiming that the cows from whence the milk came were not treated with recombinant bovine growth hormone(rBGH,also called recombinant bovine somatotropin or rbST).This hormone,produced by engineered bacteria,is virtually identical to the cow's own and can increase milk production by10-15%.There are two bad arguments for banning such labels.The f~t--that it is impossible to determine from the milk whether the cow was injected with rBGH--is the reason cited in the bill language.The second--that proliferation of"no rBGH"labels will train consumers to distrust the product--is the real motivation.The first argument can be disposed of easily:it is already illegal to make false claims about a product.The second argument may seem more convincing.There is no firm scientific evidence that injecting cows with rBGH affects human health in any way,but prevalent labeling touting the absence of rBGH would suggest to consumers that there are some differences.The mandating(颁布)of an additional phrase such as that agreed last month in Pennsylvania--"No significant difference has been shown between milk derived from rbST-treated and non-rbST-treated cows" ---ameliorates(减轻)this problem.There are good reasons not to ban accurate labels.More information means that consumers can be more discerning,and not just about their own health.They can vote with their purchases for farming practices they prefer.And if a company wants to use a technology with a bad reputation,it is the firm's responsibility to educate the consumer about why it is beneficial.If consumers choose irrationally to reject it,that is their prerogative(特权).Capitalism thrives on the irrationality of consumers,from their noted fear of smelling bad,to their preference for redness in apples,farmed salmon and fast-food signage(标记).Indeed,if consumers were suddenly to become rational,an economic cataclysm(大灾难) would result,as households in all the rich nations would cut their consumption to only what they really needed.Such a crash would no doubt make the current economic doldrums(萧条)look like the mildest hiccup(打嗝)。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海理工大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：9
2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海理工大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期（含答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I cut my finger two days ago and it has become badly ______.问题1选项A.infectedB.decayedC.deterioratedD.diseased【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。
A项infected“受感染的，受细菌污染的”，B项decayed“腐烂的，腐败的”，C项deteriorated“恶化的，已变质的”，D项diseased“不健全的，患病的”。
根据前面的句子I cut my finger two days ago“两天以前我切到了手指”可知，空格部分表示“感染”符合语境。
句意：我两天前割破了手指，现在感染得很严重。
因此，该题选择A项正确。
2.翻译题Directions: Translate the underlined part of the following TEXT into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.在一般人的观念中，中国传统文化和现代生活似乎是两个截然不同而且相互对立的实体。
前者是中国几千年积累下来的旧文化传统，后者则是近百余年才出现的一套新的生活方式，而且源于西方。
所以这两者的冲突实质上也被理解为西方现代文化对中国传统文化的冲击与挑战。
在这个一般的理解之下产生种种不同的观点与态度，但大体上可以分为两个方向，一方面是拥抱西方文化，认为中国传统文化是现代生活的阻碍，另一方面则极力维护传统，视西方的现代生活破坏了传统的道德秩序。
在这两种极端的态度之间当然还存在着不同程度及模式各异的调和论。
实际上，中国传统文化与现代生活并不是两个不相干也不是相互排斥对立的实体。
“现代生活”即是中国传统文化在现代的具体转变。
中国传统文化的现代转变使其已经脱离了旧的轨道，并且不可否认地受到了西方文化的重大影响。
2012年12月30日研究生英语学位考试答案
KEYS(2012/12/30)A 卷PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A1. D2. B3. C4. C5. A6. D7. B8. C9. BSection B10. C 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. BSection C16. mental distress17. feel a little low18. stay connected with19. budget and interests20. immersed inPART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. D 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. BPART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)41. D 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. BPART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)51. C 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. A 59. C 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. B 66. C 67. D 68. C 69. B 70. A 71. A 72. D 73. C 74. B 75. B 76. B 77. A 78. D 79. A 80. CPART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)Section A 英译汉：参考答案：有关成功的故事使我们思考事业有成需要哪些因素以及获诺贝尔奖是什么样的感受。
2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】2012年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解时间：180分钟Paper One注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%)Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠwith a single line through the center 1.The concept of vocational or professional identity differs______between the United Sates and Japan.A.clearB.markedlyC.outstandinglyD.greedily【答案】B【解析】句意：美国和日本在职业或专业身份的概念定义上存在明显差异。
markedly明显地；显著地。
clear清楚的；明显的。
outstanding杰出的；突出的。
greedily贪婪地；贪食地。
此处需要的是具有“明显，显著”含义的副词。
2.Now that her son was old enough to support the family,Mr.Williams decided to leave everything at his______.A.handB.advocacyC.tacklingD.disposal【答案】D【解析】句意：既然她的儿子已长大到足以支撑整个家庭，威廉姆斯先生决定将所有事都交给他来处理。
[考研类试卷]2012年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
[考研类试卷]2012年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷英译汉1 Wi-Fi2 ISO3 DNA4 IMF5 nitrogen oxide6 autoalarm7 biological agent8 Charles Darwin9 multistage rocket10 radio navigational instruments11 probability theory12 geoastrophysics13 neon14 semiconductor15 communicative translation汉译英16 矿物燃料17 载人飞船18 人工智能19 信息类文本20 电化学21 千瓦22 功能对等23 工程制图24 改写本25 克隆26 机辅翻译27 博客搜索28 字面翻译29 天宫1号太空舱30 同声传译英译汉31 One measure of a robust transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the private car. On average, each person in the US cities sampled in 1990 logged 10,870 kilometers(6,750 miles)of city driving more than a round trip across North America. Growth in car use in the US cities between 1980 and 1990 was 2,000 kilometers per person, nearly double the increase in the Canadian cities, which have the next highest driving level. In industrial countries, urban car use has tended to rise as population density has declined. US cities have led the trend toward dispersed, low-density development. Between 1983 and 1990, the average roundtripcommute to work in the United States grew 25%, to 17 kilometers(11 miles). As cities sprawl, cars become essential while transit, bicycling, and walking become less practical. Compact Asian and European cities thus have the highest levels of non-motorized transport.As car use rises, car-related problems mount. Fatal crashes, for example, increase. The exception is cities in developing countries, where low car use is offset by poor signals and safety regulations. Nonetheless, highly car-reliant US cities exceed even developing Asian cities in per capital traffic fatalities. Worldwide, traffic accidents kill some 885,000 people each year—equivalent to 10 fatal jumbo jet crashes per day—and injure many times more.[Key Words]log v. 把......记入航海(或飞行)transit n.运输，经过jumbo jet 大型喷气式客机32 Scientists continue to find new ways to insert genes for specific traits into plant and animal DNA. A field of promise—and a subject of debate—genetic engineering is changing the food we eat and the world we live in.Just what are genetically engineered foods, and who is eating them? What do we know about their benefits—and their risks? What effect might engineered plants have on the environment and on agricultural practices around the world? Can they help feed and preserve the health of the Earth's burgeoning population?In the past decade or so, the biotech plants that go into these processed foods have leaped from hothouse oddities to crops planted on a massive scale—on 130 million acres in 13 countries, among them Argentina, Canada, China, South Africa, Australia, Germany, and Spain. On U. S. farmland, acreage planted with genetically engineered crops jumped nearly 25-fold from 3. 6 million acres in 1996 to 88. 2 million acres in 2001. More than 50 different "designer" crops have passed through a federal review process, and about a hundred more are undergoing field trials. [Key Words]burgeon v．迅速成长、迅速发展oddity n．奇异，古怪汉译英33 中国科学家在沿海省份大面积试验用海水灌溉农作物，以供养众多的人口，这些人口面临土地匮乏、淡水短缺的压力。
2012年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年上海交通大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Word Formation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Not knowing a foreign language is a(n)______to enjoying travel abroad.A．barrierB．opponentC．challengeD．limitation正确答案：A解析：名词词义辨析。
barrier“阻拦，阻碍”；opponent“对手，敌手”；challenge “挑战”；limitation“限定，限制”。
根据句意可以排除选项B、C、D。
故答案为A。
2．He______the driver who was attempting to pass for the accident.A．accusedB．chargedC．blamedD．criticized正确答案：B解析：动词词义辨析。
accuse“指控，控诉”；charge“控告，指控”；blame “处罚，责罚”；criticize“批评，分析”。
选项A一般用于accuse sb．of sth．“控告某人某事”，选项Cblame sb．for sth．“因某事处罚某人”，选项D不符合句意。
故答案为B。
3．A copyright protects authors and creators against______reproduction or use of writings and other original works of authorship for the life of the author plus 50 years.A．underminedB．unduplicatedC．unexpiredD．unauthorized正确答案：D解析：形容词词义辨析。
复旦大学2012年考博英语真题+答案(修订版)
2012年复旦大学博士招生入学考试英语试题Paper One注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效。
Part I Vocabulary and Structure（15%）Directions：There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.1.It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the______way the store was organized.A logicalB haphazardC orderlyD tidy2.Mississippi also up K olds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm,hospitable people;balmy year-round weather;and truly______cuisine.A destructiveB horribleC amiableD delectableIf she is stupid,she’s_____pleasant to look at.A at any rateB by chanceC at a lossD by the way4.The mother was_____with grief when she heard that her child was dead.A fantasticB frankC franticD frenzy5.In your teens,peer-group friendships may_____from parents as the major influence on you.A take controlB take placeC take upD take overParents often faced the___between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.A paradoxB junctionC premiseD dilemmaThere have been demonstrations on the streets____the recent terrorist attack.A in the wake ofB in the course ofC in the context ofD in the light of8.Thousands of Medicare patients with chronic medical conditions have been wrongly_____access to necessary care.A grudgedB deniedC negatedD invalidatedIt has been proposed by many linguists that human language______,our biologically programmed abilit\to use language,is still not well defined and understood.A potentialityB perceptionC facultyD acquisition10.Western medicine,_______science and practiced by people with academic internationally accepted medical degrees,is only one of many systems of healing.A rooted inB originated fromC trapped inD indulged in11.When I asked if a black politician could win in France,however,he responded_____:”No,conditions are different here.”A ambiguouslyB implicitlyC unhesitatinglyD optimistically12.The development of staff cohesion and a sense of team effort in the workplace can be effectively_______by the use of humor.A acquaintedB installedC regulatedD facilitated13.In both America and Europe,it is_____to tip the waiter or waitress anywhere from10% to20%.A elementaryB temporaryC voluntaryD customary14.Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps______rigid departmental bo X ndaries.A pass overB stand forC break down Dset off15.As a teenager,I was_____by a blind passion for a slim star I would never meet in my life.A pursuedB seducedC consumedD guaranteed16.His originality as a composer is____by the following group of songs.A exemplifiedB createdC performedD realized17.They are going to London,but their______destination is Rome.A ultimateB primeC nextD cardinal18.The poor old man was_____with diabetes and without proper treatment he would lose his eyesight and become crippled very soon.A sufferedB afflictedC inducedD infected19.The bribe and the bridegroom were overwhelmed in happiness when their family offered to take them to Rome to_______the marriage.A terminateB initiateC consummateD separate20.Jo K n said that the richer countries of the world should make a_____effort to help the poorer countries.A futileB glitteringC franticD concentrated21.The problem is inherent and_______in any democracy,but it has been more severe in ours during the past quarter-century because of the near universal denigration of government,politics and politicians.A perishableB periodicalC perverseD perennial22.As is known to all,____commodities will definitely do harm to our life sooner or later.A counterfeitB fakeC imitativeD fraudulent23.It would be_____to think that this could solve all the area’s problems straight away.A subtleB feebleC nastyD naïveIt is surprising that such an innocent-looking man should have____such a crime.A confirmedB clarifiedC committedD conveyed25.Hummans are___,which enables them to make dicisions even when they can’t justify why.A rationalB reasonableC hesitantD intuitive26.More than100____cats that used to roam the streets in a Chinese province have now been collected and organized into a tram to fight rodents that are destroying crops.A looseB tamedC wildD stary27.To say that his resignation was a shock would be an______-------it caused pani F.A excuseB indulgenceC exaggerationD understatement28.Here the burden of his thought is that the philosopher,aiming at truth,must not____the seduction of trying to write beautifully.A subject toB carry onC yield toD aim at29.I found the subject very difficult,and at one time thought I should have to give it up,but you directions are so clear and____that I have succeeded in getting a picture we all think pretty,though wanting in the tender grace of yours.A on the pointB off the pointC to the pointD up to a point30.They both watched as the crime scene technicians took samples of various fibers and bagged them,dusted for fingerprints,took pictures and tried to_____what could have happened.A rehearseB reiterateC reinforceD reenactPart II Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are four reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center.(1)In1896a Georgia couple suing for damages in the accidental death of their two year old was told that since the child had made no real economic contribution to the family,there was no liability for damages.In contrast,lessthan a century later,in1979,the parents of a three year old sued in New York for accidental-death damages and won an award of$750,000.The transformation in social values implicit in juxta-posing these two incidents is the subject of Viviana Zelizer's excellent book,Pricing the Priceless Child.During the nineteenth century, she argues,the concept of the"useful"child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present-day notion of the"useless"child who,though producing no income for,and indeed extremely costly to,its parents,is yet considered emotionally "priceless."Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800's,this new view of childhood spread through-out society in the O ate-nineteenth DQG early-twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child-labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicated in part on the assumption that a child's emotional value made child labor taboo.For Zelizer the origins of this transformation were many and complex.The gradual erosion of children's productive value in a maturing industrial economy,the decline in birth and death rates,especially in child mortality,and the development of the companionate family(a family in which members were united by explicit bonds of love rather than duty)were all factors critical in changing the assessment of children's worth.Yet "expulsion of children from the'cash nexus,'……although clearly shaped by profound changes in the economic,occupational,and family structures,"Zelizer maintains."was also part of a cultural process'of sacral-ization'of children's lives."Protecting children from the crass business world became enormously important for late-nineteenth-century middle-class Americans,she suggests;this sacralization was a way of resisting what they perceived as the relentless corruption of human values by the marketplace.In stressing the cultural determinants of a child's worth.Zelizer takes issue with practitioners of the new"sociological economics,"who have analyzed such tradi-tionally sociological topics as crime,marriage,educa-tion,and health solely in terms of their economic deter-minants.Allowing only a small role for cultural forces in the form of individual "preferences,"these sociologists tend to view all human behavior as directed primarily by the principle of maximizing economic gain.Zelizer is highly critical of this approach,and emphasizes instead the opposite phenomenon:the power of social values to transform price. As children became more valuable in emotional terms,she argues,their"exchange"or" sur-render"value on the market,that is,the conversion of their intangible worth into cash terms,became much greater.31.It can be inferred from the passage that accidental-death damage awards in america during the nineteenth century tended to be based principally on theA.earnings of the person at time of deathB.wealth of the party causing the deathC.degree of culpability of the party causing the deathD.amount of money that had been spent on the person killed32 ,t can be inferred from the passage that in the early1800's children were generally regarded by their families as individuals whoA.needed enormous amounts of security and affectionB.required constant supervision while workingC.present the central thesis a recent bookD.refute a traditional explanation of a social phenomenon33which of the following alternative explanations of the change in the cash value of children would be most likely to be put forward by sociological economists as they are described in the passage?A.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because paraents began to increase their emotional investment in the upbringing of their children.B.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because their expected earning over the course of a lifetime increased greatly.C.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because the spread of human L tiarian ideals resulted in a whole VF ale reappraisal of the worth of an individual.D.The cash value of children rose during the nineteenth century because compulsory education laws reduced the supply,and thus raised thd costs,of available child labor.34 7he prima U\purpose of the passage is toA.review the literature in a new academic subfieldB.present the central thesis of a recent bookC.contrast two approaches to analyzing historical changeD.refute a traditional explanation of a V ocial phenomenon35=elizer refers to all of the following as important influences in changing the assessment of children's worth except changes inA.the mortality rateB.the nature of industryC.the nature of the familyD.attitudes toward reform movements(2)A stout old lady was walking with her basket down the middle of a street in Petrograd to the great confusion of the traffic and with no small peril to herself.It was pointed out to her that the pavement was the place for pedestrians,but she replied:'I'm going to walk where I like. We've got liberty now.'It did not occur to the dear old lady that if liberty entitled the pedestrian to walk down the middle of the road,then the end of such liberty would be universal chaos.Everybody would be getting in everybody else's way and nobody would get anywhere.Individual liberty would have become social anarchy.There is a danger of the world getting liberty-drunk in these days like the old lady with the basket,and it is just as well to remind ourselves of what the rule of the road means.It means that in order that the liberties of all may be preserved,the liberties of everybody must be curtailed.When the policeman,say,at Piccadilly Circus steps into the middle of the road and puts out his hand,he is the symbol not of tyranny,but of liberty.You may not think so.You may,being in a hurry, and seeing your car pulled up by this insolence of office,feel that your liberty has been outraged.How dare this fellow interfere with your free use of the public highway?Then,if you are a reasonable person,you will reflect that if he did not interfere with you,he would interfere with no one,and the result would be that Piccadilly Circus would be a maelstrom that you would never cross at all.You have submitted to a curtailment of private liberty in order that you may enjoy a social order which makes your liberty a reality.Liberty is not a personal affair only,but a social contract.It is an accommodation of interests.In matters which do not touch anybody else's liberty,of course,I may be as free as I like.If I choose to go down the road in a dressing-gown who shall say me nay?You have liberty to laugh at me, but I have liberty to be indifferent to you.And ifI have a fancy for dyeing my hair,or waxing my moustache(which heaven forbid),or wearing an overcoat and sandals,or going to bedlate or getting up early,I shall follow my fancy and ask no man's permission.I shall not inquire of you whether I may eat mustard with my mutton.And you will not ask me whether you may follow this religion or that,whether you may prefer Ella Wheeler Wilcox to Wordsworth,or champagne to shandy.In all these and a thousand other details you and I please ourselves and ask no one's leave.We have a whole kingdom in which we rule alone, can do what we choose,be wise or ridiculous,harsh or easy,conventional or odd.But directly we step out of that kingdom,our personal liberty of action becomes qualified by other people's liberty.I might like to practice on the trombone from midnight till three in the morning.If I went on to the top of Everest to do it,I couldplease myself,but ifI doitinmybedroommyfamilywillobject,andif Idoitoutinthestreets theneighborswill remind me that my liberty to blow the trombone mustnot interfere with their liberty to sleep in quiet.There are a lot of people in the world,and I have to accommodate my liberty to their liberties.We are all liable to forget this,and unfortunately we are much more conscious of the imperfections of others in this respect than of our own.A reasonable consideration for the rights or feelings of others is the foundation of social conduct.It is in the small matters of conduct,in the observance of the rule of the road,that we pass judgment upon ourselves,and declare that we are civilized or uncivilized.The great moments of heroism and sacrifice are rare.It is the little habits of commonplace intercoursethat make up the great sum of life and sweeten or make bitter the journey.36.The author might have stated his‘rule of the road’asA.do not walk in the middle of the roadB.follow the orders of policemenC.do not behave inconsiderately in publicD.do what you like in private37.The author’s attitude to the old lady in paragraph one isA.condescendingB.intolerantC.objectiveD.supportive38Asituationanalogous to the‘insolence of office’described inparagraph2would beA.a teacher correcting grammar errorsB.an editor shortening the text of an articleC.a tax inspector demanding to see someone’s accountsD.an army office giving orders to a soldier39The author assumes that he may be as free as he likes inA.all matters of dress and foodB.any situation which does not interfere with the liberty of othersC.anything that is not against the lawD.his own home40In the sentence‘We are all liable....’the author isA.pointing out a general weaknessB.emphasizing his main pointC.countering a general misconceptionD.suggesting a remedy(3)The name of Florence Nightingale lives in the memory of the world by virtue of the heroic adventure of the Crimea.Had she died-as she nearly did-upon her return to England,her reputation would hardly have been different;her legend would have come down to us almost as we know it today-that gentle vision of female virtue which first took shape before the adoring eyes of the sick soldiers at Scutari.Yet,as a matter of fact,she lived for more than half a century after the Crimean War;and during the greater part of that long period all the energy and all the devotion of her extraordinary nature were working at their highest pitch. What she accomplished in those years of unknown labor could,indeed,hardly have been more glorious than her Crimean triumphs;but it was certainly more important.The true history was far stranger even than the myth.In Miss Nightingale's own eyes the adventure of the Crimea was a mere incident-scarcely more than a useful stepping-stone in her career.It was the fulcrum with which she hoped to move the world;but it was only the fulcrum.For more than a generation she was to sit in secret,working her lever:and her real life began at the very moment when,in popular imagination,it had ended.She arrived in England in a shattered state of health.The hardships and the ceaseless efforts of the last two years had undermined her nervous system;her heart was affected;she suffered constantly from fainting-fits and terrible attacks of utter physical prostration.The doctors declared that one thing alone would save her-a complete and prolonged rest.But that was also the one thing with which she would have nothing to do.She had never been in the habit of resting;why should she begin now?Now,when her opportunity had come at last;now,when the iron was hot,and it was time to strike?No;she had work to do;and,come what might,she would do it. The doctors protested in vain;in vain her family lamented and entreated,in vain her friends pointed out to her the madness of such a course.Madness?Mad-possessed-perhaps she was.A frenzy had seized upon her.As she lay upon her sofa,gasping,she devoured blue-books, dictated letters,and,in the intervals of her palpitations,cracked jokes.For months at a stretchshe never lefther bed.But she would not rest.At this rate,the doctors assuredher,even if she did not die,she would become an invalid for life.She could not help that;there was work to be done;and,as for rest,very likely she might rest...when she had done it.Wherever she went,to London or in the country,in the hills of Derbyshire,or among the rhododendrons at Embley,she was haunted by a ghost.It was the specter of Scutari-the hideous vision of the organization of a military hospital.She would lay that phantom,or she would perish.The whole system of the Army Medical Department,the education of the Medical Officer,the regulations of hospital procedure...rest?How could she rest while these things were as they were,while,if the like necessity were to arise again,the like results would follow?And,even in peace and at home,what was the sanitary condition of the Army?The mortality in the barracks,was,she found,nearly double the mortality in civil life.'You might as well take1, 100men every year out upon Salisbury Plain and shoot them,'she said.After inspecting the hospitals at Chatham,she smiled grimly.'Yes,this is one more symptom of the system which, in the Crimea,put to death16,000men.'Scutari had given her knowledge;and it had given her power too:her enormous reputation was at her back-an incalculable force.Other work, other duties,might lie before her;but the most urgent,the most obvious,of all was to look to the health of theArmy.41.According to the author,the work done during the last fifty years of Florence Nightingale's life was,when compared with her work in the Crimea,all of the following exceptA.less dramaticB.less demandingC.less well-known to the publicD.more important42Paragraph two paints a picture of a woman who isA.mentally shatteredB.stubborn and querulousC.physically weak but mentally indomitableD.purposeful yet tiresome43.The primary purpose of paragraph3is toA.account for conditions in the armyB.show the need for hospital reformC.explain Miss Nightingale's main concernsD.argue that peace time conditions were worse than wartime conditions44The author's attitude to his material isA.disinterested reporting of biographical detailsB.over-inflation of a reputationC.debunking a mythD.interpretation as well as narration45In her statement Miss Nightingale intended toA.criticize the conditions in hospitalsB.highlight the unhealthy conditions under which ordinary soldiers were livingC.prove that conditions in the barracks were as bad as those in a military hospitalD.ridicule the dangers of army life(4)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems?This is one of the most critical yet contentious social policy questions.In many ways,our social statistics exaggerate the degree of hardship.Unemployment does not have the same dire consequences today as it did in the1930s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners,when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of subsistence,and when there were no countervailing social programs for those failing in the labor market.Increasing affluence,the riseof families with morethan one wage earner,the growing predominance of secondary earners among the unemployed,and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably mitigated the consequences of joblessness.Earnings and income data also overstate the dimensions of hardship.Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level,the overwhelming majority are from multiple-earner,relatively affluent families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force,so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market pathologies.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship.The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty.Low wages and repeated or prolonged unemployment frequently interact to undermine the capacity for self-support.Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times the number unemployed in any month,those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment,even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer.For every person counted in the monthly unemployment tallies,there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work,or else outside the laborforce but wanting a job.Finally,income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly,disabled,and dependent,neglecting the needs of the working poor,so that the dramatic expansion of cash and in-kind transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such contradictory evidence,itis uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions,and,hence,whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be countered by job creation and economic stimulus. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty,employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one their primary applications,measuring the consequences of labor market problems.46Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?A.What causes labor market pathologies that resultin sufferingB.Why income measures are imprecise in measuring degrees of povertyC.Where the areas of agreement are among poverty,employment,and earnings figuresD.How social statistics give an unclear picture of the degree of hardship caused by low wages and insufficient employment opportunities47The author uses“labor market problems”in lines1-2to refer to which of the following?A.The overall causes of povertyB.Deficiencies in the training of the work forceC.Trade relationships among producers of goodsD.Shortages of jobs providing adequate income48Which of the following proposals best responds to the issues raised by the author?A.Innovative programs using multiple approaches should be set up to reduce the level of unemployment.B.A compromise should be found between the positions of those who view joblessness as an evil greater than economic control and those who hold the opposite view.C.New statistical indices should be developed to measure the degree to which unemployment and inadequately paid employment cause suffering.D.Consideration should be given to the ways in which statistics can act as partial causes of the phenomena that they purport to measure.49The author states that the mitigating effect of social programs involving income transfers on the income level of low-income people is often not felt byA.the employed poorB.dependent children in single-earner familiesC.workers who become disabledD.retired workers50According to the passage,one factor that causes unemployment and earnings figures to overpredict the amount of economic hardship is theA.recurrence of periods of unemployment for a group of low-wage workersB.possibility that earnings may be received from more than one job per workerC.fact that unemployment counts do not include those who work for low wages and remain poorD.establishment of a system of record-keeping that makes it possible to compile poverty statisticsPaper TwoPartⅢCloze(10%)Directions:Fill in each of the following blanks with ONE word to complete the meaning of the passage.Write your answer on Answer SheetⅡ.As children we start__ ___a natural curiosity about everything around us,and during the maturation process this curiosity can be stimulated,buffered or severely attenuated by our environment and experience.The future success of research in science and engineering depends_ __oursociety recognizing the crucial role played by stimylation of mental processes early in life.Pattern recognition,analytical thinking and similar abilities need to be stimulated from birth onward.To destroy this natural curiosity or to attenuate the joy of discovery is the greatest disservice we do____to the developing person.For those who reach maturity with their natural curiosity intact and enhanced by education,the joy of discovery is a strong driver of success.But why are so__ ___of our capable students pursuing the level of education required for a successful research career?Is it___ ___we have dampaned their curiosity?Have we failed to let them experience the joy of discovery?is it because too many of us currently involved___ __the research enterprise have become disenchanted with our circumstances and therefore paint a bleak future for potential scienctists and engineers?Perhaps entirely different factors are__ __play in the decision to not become scientists and engineers.We have too frequently portrayed science and engineering as professions that are all-encompassing.We have portrayed research as a profession that requires long and grueling hours in the laboratory to achieve success.We have__ __to promote the excitement and exhilaration of discovery.We have not promoted the fact that it is not only very common__ __very reasonable to have a successful research career and an exciting and normal personal life.PartⅣTranslation(20%)Directions:Put the following passage into English.Write your English version on Answer SheetⅡ.由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。
上海理工大学成人教育学位英语试卷真题
上海理工大学成人教育学位英语试卷真题1、39．—What do you ________ my new dress?—Very beautiful. [单选题] *A．look atB．think aboutC．think of(正确答案)D．look through2、In the closet（）a pair of trousers his parents bought for his birthday. [单选题] *A. lyingB. lies(正确答案)c. lieD. is lain3、--The last bus has left. What should we do?--Let’s take a taxi. We have no other _______ now. [单选题] *A. choice(正确答案)B. reasonC. habitD. decision4、82．—Is there a bookshop near here?—Yes. Walk ________ the road for five minutes and you'll see one near a big tree. [单选题] *A．toB．along(正确答案)C．ofD．about5、He always did well at school _____ having to do part-time jobs every now and then. [单选题] *A despite ofB. in spite of(正确答案)C. regardless ofD in case of6、_____ rooms are both large and comfortable. [单选题] *A. Jack's and Jane's(正确答案)B. Jack and Jane'sC. Jack's and JaneD.Jack and Jane7、The green shorts are _______ sale for ＄[单选题] *A. forB. on(正确答案)C. atD. with8、—Why do you call him Mr. Know?—______ he knows almost everything that we want to know.（）[单选题] *A. SoB. OrC. ButD. Because(正确答案)9、18．Who is staying at home now? ________, all of them are out. [单选题] *A．NoneB．No one(正确答案)C．EveryoneD．Nothing10、The car _______ after forty minutes driving, so he didn’t have the interview on time. [单选题] *A. broke down(正确答案)B. broke inC. broke outD. broke up11、Before leaving the village, he visited the old house _____ he spent his childhood. [单选题] *A in which(正确答案)B. whichC. to whichD at which12、6．Hi, boys and girls. How are you ________ your posters for the coming English Festival at school? [单选题] *A．getting onB．getting offC．getting with (正确答案)D．getting13、She has no idea of what the book is about. She_______ have read it carefully. [单选题]*A. Can’t(正确答案)B. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t14、A brown bear escaped from the zoo, which was a（）to everyone in the town. [单选题] *A. HarmB. violenceC. hurtD. threat(正确答案)15、Many young people like to _______ at weekends. [单选题] *A. eat out(正确答案)B. eat upC. eat onD. eat with16、What surprised me ______ was that he succeeded. [单选题] *A. most(正确答案)B. mostlyC. almostD. at most17、I don’t like playing chess. It is _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. interestedC. boring(正确答案)D. bored18、I'm sorry I cannot see you immediately. But if you wait, I'll see you_____. [单选题] *A. for a momentB. in a moment(正确答案)C. for the momentD. at the moment19、This is the news _______ you want to know. [单选题] *A. that(正确答案)B. whatC. whenD. who20、My sister gave me a _______ at my birthday party. [单选题] *A. parentB. peaceC. patientD. present(正确答案)21、_____ Lucy _____ Lily has joined the swimming club because they have no time. [单选题] *A. Not only; but alsoB. Neither; nor(正确答案)C. Either; orD. Both; and22、—Whose book is it? Is it yours?—No, ask John. Maybe it’s ______.（）[单选题] *A. hersB. his(正确答案)C. he’sD. her23、The teachers don't make us wear a school uniform and we can wear _____ we like. [单选题] *A. anyB. thatC. asD. what(正确答案)24、What’s the price and what sort of _______ do you offer? [单选题] *A. advantageB. accountC. displayD. discount(正确答案)25、______ visitors came to take photos of Hongyandong during the holiday. [单选题] *A. ThousandB. Thousand ofC. ThousandsD. Thousands of(正确答案)26、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody27、74．No person （）carry a mobile phone into the examination room during the national college Entrance Examinations．[单选题] *A.shall(正确答案)B.mustC.canD.need28、Actually, we don't know whether this news comes from a reliable（）or not. [单选题] *A. source(正确答案)B. originC. basisD. base29、75．Why not________ for a walk? [单选题] *A．go out(正确答案)B．to go outC．going outD．goes out30、I’d like to go with you, ______ I’m too busy. [单选题] *A. orB. andC. soD. but(正确答案)。