2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(四川卷)英语
全国各省市高考真题分类汇编-英语-高考书面表达题一览
One Possible Version:
Dear Bob,
I’m sorry to say that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon. I have just found that I have to attend an important class meeting that afternoon. I hope the change will not cause you too much trouble.
要求如下：
高考英语试题真题[四川word完整版](有参考答案)
](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/91c72c3e964bcf84b9d57bb4.png)
普通高等学校全国统一考试（四川卷）本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
第I卷1至11页，第II卷12至14页。
满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题，共100分）注意事项：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目涂写在答题卡上。
2．1—60 小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
3．61—65 小题选出答案后，用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案标号填写在该题下面的相应题号后的横线上。
不能答在答题卡上。
第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节语法和词汇知识（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. —May I open the window to let in some fresh air?—___________A. Come onB. Take careC. Go ahead!D. Hold on!2. He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussionA. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had3. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy__________.A. oneB. itC. thisD. that4. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain __________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A. seatedB. seatingC. to seatD. seat5.—Have you __________?—No. I had the wrong number.A. got inB. got awayC. got offD. got through6. A gre at person is always putting others’ interests _________ his own.A. belowB. aboveC. inD. on7. News came from the school office ________Wang Lin had been admitted to BeijingUniversity.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where8. —How about your journey to MountEmei?—Everything was wonderful except that our car _________ twice on the way.A. slowed downB. broke downC. got downD. put down9. —Would you please help me with the box?—_________A. Yes, pleaseB. No, please don’tC. With pleasureD. My pleasure10. ________ many times, he finally understood it.A. ToldB. TellingC. Having toldD. Having been told11. —I wonder ________ you’ll water this kind of flower.——Every other day.A. how oftenB. how longC. how soonD. how much12. Owen wouldn’t eat anything ____________ he cooked it himselfA. untilB. sinceC. unlessD. while13. —I don’t care what people think.—Well, you _______A. couldB. wouldC. shouldD. might14. In order to find _______ better job, he decided to study _________ second foreign language.A. the; aB. a; aC. the; theD. a; the15 . —Why don’t we choose that road to save time?—The bridge to it __________.A. has repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. will be repaired16 . Not until I came home last night ________ to bed.A. Mum did goB. did Mum goC. went MumD. Mum went17 . The teacher together with the students ________ discussing Reading Skills that ________ newly published in America.A. are ; wereB. is ; wereC. are ; wasD. is ; was18. —You speak very good French!—Thanks. I __________ French in SichuanUniversity for four years.A. studiedB. studyC. was studyingD. had studied19. My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours , but it is twice _______ expensive .A. asB. soC. tooD. very20. She’ll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2016四川省高考压轴卷 英语 Word版含解析
2016四川高考英语压轴卷注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
写在试卷上无效。
3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案填写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
4. 考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节；满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
（共5小题；每题1.5分，共7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What will the man probably do next?A.Buy something.B. Look for the key.C. Wait for the woman.2. When will they start to check the tickets?A. 7:15 p.m.B. 7:25 p.m.C. 7:30 p.m.3. What does the man like to play now?A. Basketball.B. Baseball.C. Tennis.4. What does the woman think of Uncle Jim?A. He eats too much.B. He had bad manners.C. He has a good sense of humor.5. What is the most expensive?A. The fridge.B. The bed.C. The washing machine.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
2016年5月2016届高三第四次全国大联考(四川卷)英语卷(原卷版)
绝密★启用前【学易大联考】2016年第四次全国大联考【四川卷】英语试卷注意事项：1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答第Ⅰ卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
写在试卷上无效。
3. 回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案填写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
4. 考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5个小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.18.C. ￡9.15.答案是C。
1. When will the dinner start?A. At 7:00.B. At 7:30.C. At 8:00.2. What is the weather like now?A. Sunny.B. Cloudy.C. Snowy.3. What is the man likely to do?A. Mail a letter.B. Leave home.C. Order a newspaper.4. What does the woman think of her weekend?A. Relaxing.B. Exciting.C. Boring.5. What does the woman do?A. A saleswoman.B. An inspector.C. A lawyer.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）请听下面5段对话或独白。
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语学科(新课标Ⅰ卷)含答案
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标Ⅰ卷）英语学科第一部分阅读（满分30分）略第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ABike Rental & Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears1 hour€7.50€5.003 hours€11.00€7.501 day (24 hours)€14.75€9.75Each additional day€8.00€6.00The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.21. What is an advantage of MacBike?A. It gives children a discount.B. It of offers many types of bikes.C. It organizes free cycle tours.D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.23. Where does the guided city tour start?A. The Gooyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.BWhen John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observingnature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A. He was fond of traveling.B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review John’s research plans.B. To show an application of John’s idea.C. To compare John’s different jobs.D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.27. What is the basis for John’s work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.CThe goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as theimportance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.28. What is the book aimed at?A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C. Solving philosophical problems.D. Promoting the use of a digital device.29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up.B. Add-on.C. Check-in.D. Take-over.30. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A. Theoretical models.B. Statistical methods.C. Practical examples.D. Historical analyses.31. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?A. Use them as needed.B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.DOn March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whaterer reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people’s errors.D. The design of Galton’s experiment.33. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD. estimates were not fully independent34. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.35. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试I卷英语阅读参考译文
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（课标全国卷Ⅰ）A你可能知道居里夫人是谁，但你或许没听说过蕾切尔·卡森。
下面列出的几位杰出女性当中，你认为谁是过去100年中最重要的一位？简·亚当斯（1860-1935）无论是谁曾受过社工帮助都应感谢简·亚当斯。
亚当斯帮助穷人并为和平而工作。
她通过为需要帮助的人创建避难所并通过改善教育和服务以鼓励人们要有社区感。
1931年，亚当斯成为美国第一位获得诺贝尔和平奖的女性。
蕾切尔·卡森（1907-1964）如果不是蕾切尔·卡森，环境运动可能不会存在到今天了。
1962年，她的畅销书《寂静的春天》提升了公众对污染的危害及化学制品对人类和世界上湖泊和海洋不良影响的认识。
桑德拉·戴·奥康纳（1930-现在）当桑德拉·戴·奥康纳于1952年在斯坦福大学法学院以班级第三名的成绩完成学业时，由于身为女性，她没有在律师事务所找到工作。
1981年，她成为了亚利桑那州的一名参议员，也是加入美国最高法院的第一位女性。
她在最高法院任职的24年里，奥康纳对许多重要的案件投出了决定性的一票。
罗莎·帕克斯（1913-2005）1955年12月1日，在阿拉巴马州的蒙哥马利市，罗莎·帕克斯在公共汽车上拒绝给白人让座。
帕克斯这一简单的举动把她自己送进了监狱。
但她被捕这件事也引发了蒙哥马利市的抵制公共汽车运动。
这一运动持续了一年多的时间，并最终引发了民权运动。
帕克斯说：“我唯一不能忍受的是屈服之累”。
B祖父母的应答作为德克萨斯州布朗斯维尔本土的第三代人，米尔德里德·加尔萨从来没有计划过要离开这里。
即使是她的女儿和儿子要她搬到圣安东尼奥市帮忙给他们带孩子，她也礼貌地回绝了。
经过长达一年的友好的商讨后，加尔萨夫人最终才答应了他们。
那是四年前的事情了。
现在所有三代人都将其视为是一种成功之举，与各自待在不同的城市相比，这使他们之间的关系更加密切了。
历年高考英语试题5年合集(全国Ⅰ卷)真题(word版)
2012-2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标I）英语试卷目录2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I） (1)2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (11)2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (21)2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷一） (41)2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标I）英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分7.5 分）听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A,B,C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What are the speakers talking about?A. Having a birthday party.B. Doing some exercise.C. Getting Lydia a gift2. What is the woman going to do?A. Help the man.B. Take a bus.C. Get a camera3. What does the woman suggest the man do?A. Tell Kate to stop.B. Call Kate, s friends.C. Stay away from Kate.4. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a wine shop.B. In a supermarket.C. In a restaurant.5. What does the woman mean?A. Keep the window closed.B. Go out for fresh air.C. Turn on the fan.听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
2016年高考理综四川卷(含详细答案)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _号证考准_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _名姓-------------绝密★启用前2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）在理科综合物理理科综合考试时间共150分钟，满分300分。
其中，物理110分，化学100分，生此物90分。
--------------------物理试题卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）。
第Ⅰ卷1至3页，第Ⅱ卷4至6 页，共6页。
考生作答时，须将答案答在答题卡上，在本试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共42分)--------------------注意事项：必须使用2B铅笔在答题卡上将所选答案对应的标号涂黑。
一、选择题(本题共7小题，每小题6分，共42分。
其中第1～5题为单项选择题；第6～--------------------7题为多项选择题，每题全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错或不选的得0分)1.韩晓鹏是我国首位在冬奥会雪上项目夺冠的运动员。
他在一次自由式滑雪空中技巧比赛中沿“助滑区”保持同一姿态下滑了一段距离，重力对他做功1900J，他克服阻力答--------------------做功100J。
韩晓鹏在此过程中（）A. 动能增加了1900JB. 动能增加了2 000JC. 重力势能减小了1900JD. 重力势能减小了2000J2.如图所示，接在家庭电路上的理想降压变压器给小灯泡L供电，如果将原、副线圈减少相同匝数，其他条件不变，则（）C. 原、副线圈两端电压的比值不变D. 通过原、副线圈电流的比值不变3.国务院批复，自2016 年起将4月24日设立为“中国航天日”。
1970年4月24日我国首次成功发射的人造卫星东方红一号，目前仍然在椭圆轨道上运行，其轨道近地点高度约为440km，远地点高度约为2 060km；1984年4月8日成功发射的东方红二号卫星运行在赤道上空35786km的地球同步轨道上。
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(新课标Ⅰ卷)(含答案)
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标Ⅰ卷)英语学科本试卷共12页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在考生信息条形码粘贴区。
2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须使用0.5 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔书写，字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。
4.作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。
5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。
第一部分听力(1-20 小题)在笔试结束后进行。
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分５０分)第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
ABike Rental &Guided ToursWelcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike!Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.Why MacBikeMacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears(排挡), bikes with child seats, and children's bikes.PricesThe 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.1. What is an advantage of MacBike?A. It gives children a discount.B. It of offers many types of bikes.C. It organizes free cycle tours.D. It has over 2,500 rental shops.2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?A.€15.75.B.€19.50.C.€22.75.D.€29.50.3. Where does the guided city tour start?A. The Gooyer, Windmill.B. The Skinny Bridge.C. Heineken Brewery.D. Dam Square.BWhen John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.“Ecological design”is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,”he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?A He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.C. He had an inquiring mind.D. He longed to be a doctor.5 Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?A. To feed the animals.B. To build an ecosystem.C. To protect the plants.D. To test the eco-machine.6. What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?A. To review John's research plans.B. To show an application of John's idea.C. To compare John's different jobs.D. To erase doubts about John's invention.7. What is the basis for John's work?A. Nature can repair itself.B. Organisms need water to survive.C. Life on Earth is diverse.D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.CThe goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it's right for you.To do so,I divided the book into two parts. In part one,I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people's digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy:the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.In the final chapter of part one,I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so,I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hearthese participants’stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they enc ountered that you should avoid.The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养)a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters,I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.8. What is the book aimed at?A. Teaching critical thinking skills.B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C. Solving philosophical problems.D. Promoting the use of a digital device.9. What does the underlined word“declutter”in paragraph 3 mean?A. Clear-up.B. Add-on.C. Check-in.D. Take-over.10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?A. Theoretical models.B. Statistical methods.C. Practical examples.D. Historical analyses.11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?A. Use them as needed.B. Recommend them to friends.C. Evaluate their effects.D. Identify the ideas behind them.DOn March 7,1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds”effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren't always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won't cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the acc uracy of the estimate will go down.But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have adiscussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow,these arguments an d reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?A. The methods of estimation.B. The underlying logic of the effect.C. The causes of people's errors.D. The design of Galton's experiment.13. Navajas ’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if .A. the crowds were relatively smallB. there were occasional underestimatesC. individuals did not communicateD. estimates were not fully independent14. What did the follow-up study focus on?A. The size of the groups.B. The dominant members.C. The discussion process.D. The individual estimates.15 What is the author's attitude toward Navajas'studies?A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Approving.第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(四川卷)理(精校解析)
2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（四川卷）数学（理工类）一、选择题：本大题共10 小题，每小题5 分，共50 分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个是符合题目要求的。
1.【题设】设集合，Z 为整数集，则中元素的个数是（A）3 （B）4 （C）5 （D）6【答案】C【解析】试题分析：由题意，，故其中的元素个数为5，选C.考点：集合中交集的运算.2. 【题设】设i 为虚数单位，则的展开式中含x4 的项为（A）－15x4 （B）15x4 （C）－20i x4 （D）20i x4【答案】A考点：二项展开式，复数的运算.3. 【题设】为了得到函数的图象，只需把函数的图象上所有的点（A）向左平行移动个单位长度（B）向右平行移动个单位长度（C）向左平行移动个单位长度（D）向右平行移动个单位长度【答案】D【解析】试题分析：由题意，为得到函数，只需把函数的图像上所有点向右移个单位，故选D.考点：三角函数图像的平移.4. 【题设】用数字1，2，3，4，5 组成没有重复数字的五位数，其中奇数的个数为（A）24 （B）48 （C）60 （D）72【答案】D【解析】试题分析：由题意，要组成没有重复的五位奇数，则个位数应该为1、3、5，其他位置共有，所以其中奇数的个数为，故选D. 学科.网考点：排列、组合5. 【题设】某公司为激励创新，计划逐年加大研发资金投入.若该公司2015 年全年投入研发资金130 万元，在此基础上，每年投入的研发资金比上一年增长12%，则该公司全年投入的研发资金开始超过200 万元的年份是（参考数据：lg 1.12≈0.05，lg 1.3≈0.11，lg2≈0.30）（A）2018 年（B）2019 年（C）2020 年（D）2021 年【答案】B考点：等比数列的应用.6. 【题设】秦九韶是我国南宋使其的数学家，普州（现四川省安岳县）人，他在所著的《数书九章》中提出的多项式求值的秦九韶算法，至今仍是比较先进的算法.如图所示的程序框图给出了利用秦九韶算法求某多项式值的一个实例，若输入n，x 的值分别为3，2，则输出v 的值为【答案】B7. 【题设】设p：实数x，y 满足(x–1)2–(y–1)2≤2，q：实数x，y 满足则p 是q 的（A）必要不充分条件（B）充分不必要条件（C）充要条件（D）既不充分也不必要条件【答案】A【解析】试题分析：画出可行域（如图所示），可知命题q 中不等式组表示的平面区域在命题p 中不等式表示的圆盘内，故选A.考点：1.充分条件、必要条件的判断；2.线性规划.8. 【题设】设O 为坐标原点，P 是以F 为焦点的抛物线上任意一点，M 是线段PF 上的点，且=2 ,则直线OM 的斜率的最大值为（A）（B）（C）（D）1【答案】C【解析】试题分析：设（不妨设），则，故选C.考点：1.抛物线的简单的几何性质；2.平面向量的线性运算.9. 【题设】设直线l1，l2 分别是函数f(x)= 图象上点P1，P2 处的切线，l1与l2 垂直相交于点P，且l1，l2 分别与y 轴相交于点A，B，则△PAB 的面积的取值范围是（A）(0,1) （B）(0,2) （C）(0,+∞) （D）(1,+∞)【答案】A考点：1.导数的几何意义；2.两直线垂直关系；3.直线方程的应用；4.三角形面积取值范围.10. 【题设】在平面内，定点A，B，C，D 满足= = , ﹒= ﹒= ﹒=-2，动点P，M 满足=1，= ，则的最大值是（A）（B）（C）（D）【答案】B【解析】试题分析：甴已知易得.以为原点，直线为轴建立平面直角坐标系，则设由已知，得，又，它表示圆上点与点距离平方的，，故选B。