高二英语必修五unit1知识点
高二英语必修五unit1笔记整理(完整资料)
必修五英语笔记整理unit1Unit 1characteristic adj. 特有的;独特的;表示特性的;显示…的特征的n. 特性，特征，特色character n. 性格;角色;特点;字母vt. 刻，印;使具有特征painter n. 画家，着色者;油漆匠;（系船的）缆绳;破诡计paint n. 颜料，涂料;绘画作品;胭脂等化妆品;色彩，装饰vt. 绘画;涂色于;（用语言，文字等）描写;擦脂粉等vi. 描绘;绘画;化妆painting n. 绘画，油画，上色，着色，颜料，油漆put forward 提出，推荐，把钟表拨快，将某事提前表示提前的单词或短语：come up ；come up with ；bring up ；raiseThey put forward many suggestions at the meeting. 他们在会上提出了许多建议。
Many suggestions came up at the meeting. 会议上提出了许多建议。
Put your watch forward;it is five minutes slow. 把你的表拨快，它慢了五分钟。
We have put forward our wedding by one week. 我们把婚礼提前了一个星期。
attend vi. 出席;致力于，献身于;侍候，照顾;关注vt. 出席，参加;[常用被动语态]（作为结果、情况）伴随;照顾;陪伴attention n. 注意，注意力;照料，关怀;殷勤attendant n. 服务人员，侍者;随从，随员;伴随物adj. 伴随的，随之而产生的;出席的;护理的attendance n. 出席率;出席，参加;出席者，出席人数attend a meeting/a conference/a party/a wedding/a funeral/a concert/a lecture/a speech 出席会议/大型会议/晚会/婚礼/葬礼/音乐会/讲座/演讲attend school/college 上学/上大学没有“a”take part in the Olympics / the English competition 参加奥林匹克运动会/参加英语竞赛participate in = join in 参加join us in our discussion 加入我们的讨论join + sb/club/team/organization 加入某人/俱乐部/团队/组织Taking an active part in outdoor activities makes it possible for us to build up our bodies. 积极参加户外活动使我们锻炼身体成了有可能的事。
高二英语必修五第一单元知识点讲解(重要)
必修5 Unit1 Great scientistsPart 1. Warming up1.explain及物动词（vt.）解释;说明;阐明[(+to)][+wh-][+(that)]He explained that he had been cheated. 他解释说他是上当受骗了。
Can you explain how the machine operates你能解释一下这机器是如何运转的吗~Please explain this rule to me.请给我讲解一下这条规则。
不及物动词（vi.）解释;说明;辩解I've got to explain about it. 我得解释一下此事。
2.characteristicn. 特征；特性Kindness is one of his characteristics.adj. 独特的I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh.be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 如此迟钝是他的特性。
|3. Who put forward a theory about black holesput forward 提出（建议等）；提名;提前，把时钟往前拨He put forward a new plan. 他提出一个新计划。
May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee我能否提名你当委员会主席[归纳拓展]put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期put up 建造；举起；张贴put on 穿上~put away 收好选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out）①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful.②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road.③Firefigh ters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center.④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day.⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow what can be done today./Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending1. Do you know how to prove a new idea in scientific researchhow to prove a new idea 为“疑问词+不定式”结构，该结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。
高二英语必修五unit1知识点
高二英语必修五unit1知识点高二英语必修五Unit 1知识点Unit 1 in the textbook for the second year of high school English covers various knowledge points and topics that are important for students to master. In this unit, students will learn about different aspects of human behavior, personal qualities, and social interactions. The following are some key knowledge points that students should focus on:1. Vocabulary and key phrases:- Learn and understand the meanings of new words and phrases introduced in the unit.- Pay attention to collocations and idiomatic expressions related to the unit theme.- Practice using the new vocabulary in context to improve comprehension and fluency.2. Reading comprehension:- Read and understand the main ideas and supporting details in various authentic texts, such as articles, essays, and interviews.- Identify the writer's purpose and tone in different types of texts.- Develop strategies for scanning and skimming to locate specific information quickly.3. Grammar and language use:- Review and apply the appropriate use of tenses, including present simple, present continuous, and past simple.- Practice using reported speech and understand the changes in verb tense and pronoun usage.- Develop skills in using adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, and conjunctions to enhance writing and speaking.4. Writing skills:- Study different types of writing formats, such as narratives, essays, and reports.- Learn how to effectively organize ideas and paragraphs in writing.- Practice using linking words and phrases to create coherence and cohesion in writing.- Work on improving grammar accuracy and vocabulary variety in written assignments.5. Speaking and listening skills:- Participate in class discussions and group activities to practice expressing opinions and ideas.- Develop note-taking skills for listening to lectures, presentations, and conversations.- Focus on listening for specific information, inference, and understanding implied meanings.- Work on pronunciation, intonation, and fluency in spoken English.6. Culture and cross-cultural understanding:- Explore cultural differences and similarities through reading and discussion.- Research and present information about different customs, traditions, and social norms.- Discuss the importance of cultural awareness and empathy in interpersonal communication.It is essential for students to devote sufficient time and effort to understand and internalize the knowledge points covered in Unit 1.Regular practice and revision will help students improve their language skills and achieve success in their English studies.。
高二英语必修五unit1知识点
absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
be absorbed in sth.
专心于某事
be absorbed by/into 被……吞并；为……所吸收
Clever children absorb knowledge easily. He is absorbed in his business.
3、难点
过去分词作定语，表语
一、重要词汇拓展
1.science n.科学 →scientific adj.科学的→ scientist n.科学家 2. announce v．宣布 →announcement n.宣布→ announcer n.广播员，告知者 3. instruct v.．指导，命令 →instruction n.指导，指示→ instructive adj.有益的，教育性的 4. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的 →enthusiasm n.狂热，热心→ enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者 5. valuable adj.有价值的 →value n. 价值 → value v. 估价, 评价
3. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. ▲cure vt.&n. 治愈，治疗法；常用于cure sb. of ...结构中。
【易混辨析】
treat和cure
(1) treat强调治疗过程。 treat还可作“对待;看待;款待;请客”讲。 treat sb for sth 医治某人……病 treat...as...把……看作/视为…… treat sb to...请某人……
▲ be exposed to 暴露于……
高手过招
高中英语必修五unit1知识点
高中英语必修五unit1知识点高中英语必修五unit1是英语中比较基础的单元，主要学习的是人类发展史和人类文明的进程。
该单元比较重要，需要同学们认真学习。
本文将对该单元中的一些重要知识点进行详细的讲解。
一、词汇学习1. human being：人类，通常指人类共同的品质和能力。
2. migration：迁徙，指人类或动物集群从一个地方到另一个地方的过程。
3. civilization：文明，指一种生活方式，包括政治、社会、文化、经济等方面的进步。
4. Paleolithic Age：旧石器时代，指人类最早的时期，从大约250万年前到1.8万年前。
5. Neolithic Age：新石器时代，指人类的生产力得到提高，人类社会出现了大规模农业的时期，大约在1.0万年前到5000年前左右。
6. Bronze Age：青铜时代，指人类制造青铜器的时代，大约在公元前3000年到公元前1000年之间。
7. Iron Age：铁器时代，指人类制造铁器的时代，大约在公元前1000年到公元前500年之间。
二、语法学习1. 主谓一致：主语和谓语在数上要保持一致。
例如：The history of human beings is rich and interesting. 人类的历史是丰富而有趣的。
2. 时态的使用：需要根据叙述的时间，选择合适的动词时态。
例如：In the past, human beings lived in caves. 过去，人类住在洞穴里。
Today, human beings live in comfortable houses. 现在，人类住在舒适的房子里。
3. 介词的使用：需要正确使用介词，以表达出完整和准确的意思。
例如：The early humans had to struggle against nature. 早期的人类必须与自然斗争。
4. 特殊句子的使用：需要注意特殊句子的使用，例如：If the human beings had not learned to control fire, their development would have been greatly limited. 如果人类没有学会控制火，他们的发展将受到严重限制。
高中英语必修五unit1知识点
中学英语必修五unit1学问点古人云：“一勤天下无难事。
”只要我们好好学习，什么事难不到我们，否那么咋会有天才呢?假设谈“勤能补拙”，倒是如此。
勤，勤奋;拙，笨拙。
只要勤奋，就会“水滴石穿，绳锯木断”。
下面给大家共享一些关于中学英语必修五unit1学问点，盼望对大家有所帮助。
中学英语必修五unit1学问1重点词汇、短语1. put forward 提出2. conclude 完毕，结论3. draw a conclusion 得出结论4. defeat 战胜5. attend 照看，护理，出席6. expose to 使显露7. cure 治愈，治疗8. challenge 挑战9. suspect 疑心，被疑心者10. blame 指责11. handle 柄，把手，处理，掌控12. link 联系，连接13. link to 将…和…连接14. announce 宣布15. contribute 捐献，奉献16. apart from 除了17. be strict with 对…严格18. make sense 讲的通，有意义19. spin 使旋转20. reject 拒绝，抛弃中学英语必修五unit1学问2重点句型1. What do you know about infectious diseases?你对传染性疾病了解多少?2. John Snow was a famous doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰?斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成为维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他一想到要帮助患了霍乱的平凡老百姓，他就感到很激扬。
高二英语必修五unit1知识点
▲absorb意为“吸收；吸引；使专心；合并；吞并”，常见结构： absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in sth. 专心于某事 be absorbed by/into 被……吞并；为……所吸收
Clever children absorb knowledge easily. He is absorbed in his business.
3、难点
过去分词作定语，表语
一、重要词汇拓展
1.science n.科学 →scientific adj.科学的→ scientist n.科学家 2. announce v．宣布 →announcement n.宣布→ announcer n.广播员，告知者 3. instruct v.．指导，命令 →instruction n.指导，指示→ instructive adj.有益的，教育性的 4. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的 →enthusiasm n.狂热，热心→ enthusiast n.热心家，狂热者 5. valuable adj.有价值的 →value n. 价值 → value v. 估价, 评价
3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it …..
（with + 宾语+ v. –ing构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语）
1. John Snow defeats “King Cholera”. ▲defeat意为“击败；打败；使（计划，希望）落空”。
【易混辨析】
defeat, beat与win defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜,打败(对手)”,后接竞争对手。如 I can beat/defeat you at swimming. win也表示“战胜,赢得”,但宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或表尊重、崇拜之 类意义的词。
高二英语必修五unit1知识点课件
Words and Phrases
Vocabulary
The courseware will include a list of key vocabulary terms that are essential for understandiபைடு நூலகம்g the content of Unit 1. These terms will be presented in a clear and organized manner with examples to illustrate their usage.
Development
Expand on ideas using examples, facts, and details to make paragraphs more说服力。
Thesis statement
01
State the main idea or argument of your essay in a sentence or two at the beginning. This will guide your reader through your essay and show them what your essay is about.
Restate your main idea or argument in a conclusion paragraph. Summarize the main points of your essay and leave your reader with a final thought or call to action.
Hook
02
Capture your reader's attention with an interesting fact, question, or quote. This will make them want to read more about your topic.
高二英语必修5知识点笔记
高二英语必修5知识点笔记Unit 1: Great Scientists1. Isaac Newton (1643-1727):- Laws of Motion:- First Law: Every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.- Second Law: The force acting on an object is directly proportional to the rate of change of its momentum.- Third Law: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.- Law of Universal Gravitation: Every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.2. Albert Einstein (1879-1955):- Theory of Relativity:- Special Theory of Relativity: The laws of physics are the same for all observers in uniform motion relative to each other, and the speed of light is constant for all observers.- General Theory of Relativity: Gravity is not a force but a curvature of spacetime caused by the mass of an object.- Mass-Energy Equivalence: E=mc², where E is energy, m is mass, and c is the speed of light. This equation states that mass and energy are interchangeable.Unit 2: Nature and Wildlife Protection1. Environmental Issues:- Pollution: Air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, and noise pollution.- Deforestation: Clearing forests for agriculture, logging, or urban development.- Climate Change: Global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions, leading to changes in weather patterns and rising sea levels.- Species Extinction: Loss of biodiversity due to human activities, such as habitat destruction and illegal hunting.2. Wildlife Protection:- Conservation: Protecting natural habitats, implementing strict laws against poaching and illegal trade of wildlife.- Endangered Species: Measures to preserve and recover endangered species through breeding programs and habitat restoration.- Sustainable Development: Balancing economic growth with environmental conservation to ensure the well-being of present and future generations.- Public Awareness: Educating the public about the importance of wildlife protection and the consequences of human actions on the environment.Unit 3: Travel and Adventure1. Travel Destinations:- Natural Wonders: Great Barrier Reef, Grand Canyon, Amazon Rainforest, Mount Everest.- Historical Sites: Great Wall of China, Machu Picchu, Taj Mahal, Colosseum.- Cultural Cities: Paris, Rome, Kyoto, Cairo.- Adventure Tourism: Bungee jumping, skydiving, mountain climbing, scuba diving.2. Travel Tips:- Pre-trip Preparation: Researching the destination, obtaining necessary travel documents, and packing essentials.- Safety Measures: Being aware of local laws and customs, taking precautions against theft or scams, and staying updated on travel advisories.- Sustainable Travel: Minimizing environmental impact by using eco-friendly transportation, conserving water and energy, and supporting local communities.- Cultural Sensitivity: Respecting local traditions, customs, and beliefs while interacting with the people of the destination.Unit 4: The Spirit of Exploration1. Explorers and Expeditions:- Christopher Columbus: Voyage across the Atlantic Ocean in 1492, leading to the discovery of the Americas.- James Cook: Explored and mapped many areas in the Pacific Ocean, including Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii.- Roald Amundsen: First to reach the South Pole in 1911, and leader of the first expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage.- Neil Armstrong: First person to walk on the moon during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.2. Characteristics of Explorers:- Curiosity and Perseverance: A strong desire to discover and explore unknown territories, combined with the determination to overcome obstacles.- Self-Reliance: The ability to adapt and survive in challenging environments with limited resources.- Open-Mindedness: Willingness to learn from different cultures, adapt to new situations, and embrace the unknown.- Resilience: The ability to bounce back from failures and setbacks, and the courage to continue exploring despite risks and uncertainties.Unit 5: Higher Education and Future Careers1. College Applications:- Researching Universities: Considering factors such as academic programs, campus culture, location, and financial affordability.- Standardized Tests: Taking exams such as the SAT or ACT, and preparing with practice tests and review materials.- Personal Statements: Writing a compelling essay that showcases personal experiences, strengths, and career goals.- Recommendation Letters: Requesting letters of recommendation from teachers, mentors, or employers who can speak to your qualifications and character.2. Career Exploration:- Self-Assessment: Identifying interests, skills, and values to align with potential career paths.- Internships and Volunteering: Gaining practical experience and exposure to different industries or fields of work.- Networking: Building professional connections and seeking guidance from professionals in desired fields.- Continuous Learning: Embracing lifelong learning through professional development courses or advanced degrees to stay competitive in the job market.Note: The above knowledge points are concise summaries, and further study and exploration of each topic is recommended for a deeper understanding.。
高二英语必修5unit1知识点
高二英语必修5unit1知识点高二英语必修5 Unit 1 知识点Unit 1: Great Scientists本单元主要介绍了一些伟大的科学家及其重要发现的知识点。
以下是本单元的知识要点：1. 托马斯·爱迪生（Thomas Edison）- 美国发明家和企业家- 创造了电灯、留声机等众多发明- 他的发明对现代科技产生了深远的影响2. 亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔（Alexander Graham Bell）- 苏格兰裔美国科学家、发明家和教育家- 发明了电话，这一发明引领了通信革命3. 汤姆逊（Tomson）- 英国物理学家- 发现了电子，为后来的电子学奠定了基础- 曾获诺贝尔物理学奖4. 约翰·戴尔顿（John Dalton）- 英国化学家和气象学家- 创立了原子理论，为现代化学奠定了基础5. 爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）- 德裔美籍犹太人，理论物理学家- 发现了相对论和光量子假设- 他的发现对于现代物理学产生了巨大影响，曾获诺贝尔物理学奖6. 牛顿（Isaac Newton）- 英国物理学家、数学家和天文学家- 发现了万有引力定律和三大运动定律- 他的贡献奠定了经典物理学的基础7. 伽利略（Galileo Galilei）- 意大利物理学家、数学家和天文学家- 运用望远镜证明了地球绕太阳转，站在科学与教会之间的冲突中- 他的实验奠定了现代天文学的基础8. 达尔文（Charles Darwin）- 英国博物学家、生物学家- 提出了进化论，对现代生物学产生了深远的影响- 他的著作《物种起源》改变了人们对生命起源和发展的认识9. 奥斯特瓦德（Gregor Mendel）- 捷克奥地利籍的匈牙利籍的神父和生物学家- 发现了遗传规律，创建了现代遗传学- 他的实验为后来的分子生物学和遗传工程奠定了基础10. 居里夫人（Marie Curie）- 波兰物理学家和化学家- 发现了镭元素，为放射性理论及现代核物理学的发展做出了重大贡献- 是第一个获得两次诺贝尔奖的女性科学家总结：本单元我们了解了一些伟大的科学家及其重要发现，这些科学家们的贡献对于人类的科学发展产生了深远的影响，改变了我们对于世界和宇宙的认识。
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He neither knows nor cares what is happenin句。 time
每次她想到她的儿子，她都觉得无比骄傲。
Every time she thinks of her son, she feels very proud.
18. be cautious about... ___对__.._..._.谨__慎_________ 19. under construction=being constructed __________在__修__建_中________________ 20. prevent/keep/stop sb. from doing sth. __________阻__止__某_人__做__某__事___________ prevent/keep/stop sth.from being done _______阻__止__某__事__被_做_____________________
每次我想到那个笑话就情不自禁地笑起来。
Every time I think of the joke, I can't help laughing.
3. suggest除了有“___建__议_______”之意，还有 “ __暗__示__，__表__明____”之意。
suggest doing sth.
他建议用科学的方式算出这个问题。
He suggested working out the problem in a scientific way.
他苍白的脸表明他病了。
His pale face suggested that he was ill.
insist有“___坚__持__要__，__一__定__要_____”也有 “___坚__持__认__为__，__坚__持__说_____”之意。
4) “You don’t seem very __e_n_th_u_s_i_st_ic__ about the
idea.” “I don’t mind,” she said, without much
_e_n_th_u_s_i_as_m___.(enthusiasm)
5) The professor __c_o_n_c_lu_d_e_d___ his lecture with a __c_o_n_c_lu_s_io_n__ that life is so precious that we should
He insisted that his explanation was resonable.
4. so...that...意为 “如__此__._.._.._.以__致__于______”,引导 _结_果_____状语从句。 so that除了有“__以__致__于_____”,引导结果状语从句， 相当于so外，还有 “_____为__了__，__以__便_”之意，引导 _____目_状的语从句，从句的谓语动词通常是 can/could/may/might +do,相当于_in__o_r_d_er__th_a_t____.
9. challenge v./n. 挑战 →challenging adj.具有挑战性的 10. certainty n. 确定 →certain adj.某一的；确定的→certainly当然 11. foresee-foresaw-forseen 1. blow-blew-blown 2. drive-drove-driven 3. draw-drew-drawn 4. give-gave-given 5. mistake-mistook-mistaken 6. rise-rose-risen 7. see-saw-seen 8. show-showed-shown 9. take-took-taken
broadcast.(announce)
3) It is ___in_s_tr_u_c_ti_v_e_
some masterpieces
awnidthetahsey_f_o_r _th_ie_n_sct_hr_uil_cdt_rieoanntsttoheread
bottom of each page.(instruct)
value it. (conclude)
二. 重要词汇和短语 1. 提出__p_u_t_f_o_r_w__a_rd_=___c_o_m__e_u_p__w__it_h 被提出b_e__p_u_t_f_o_r_w__a_rd= ____c_o_m__e__u_p____ 2. 得出结论___d_r_a_w__a__c_o_n_c_l_u_s_io__n_ 总而言之___i_n_c_o__n_c_lu_s_i_o_n_________ 3. 使......显露／接触......____e_x_p_o__se_._._.t_o_.._.___ 接触；暴露__b_e__e_x_p_o_s_e_d__to___________ 4. 对......作出伟大的贡ma献ke__a__g_re_a_t__c_o_n_tr_i_b_u_t_io_n to 有助于，促进,导致___c_o_n_t_r_ib__u_te__t_o_
11. be expert at/on/in (doing) sth.擅__长__做_某__事____ 12. conclude from sth. that...从.__..._..._得__出_结__论__.._.._.. _ 13. cure...of...__治__愈__..._.._.某__病_______ 14. be enthusiastic about..____对__.._..._.热__情_______ 15. link...to...__将__.._..._.和__.._..._.联__系__起__来__ 16. annouce to sb. that..._向__某__人__宣__布_._.._...____ 17. suspect sb. of (doing) sth._怀_疑__某__人__做_某__事__ suspect sb. to be...__怀__疑__某__人_是__._..._.._____
1) The __s_c_ie_n_t_is_t___ took a very __s_c_i_en_t_if_i_c__ approach to ____sc_i_en_c_e____.(science)
2) The _a_n_n_o_u_n_c_e_r make a(n) _a_n_n_o_u_n_c_e_m_e_n_t that all the details should __b_e_a_n_n_o_u_n_ce_d_ through the
这篇文章太难了，以致于我看不懂它。 The article is so difficult that I can't make sense of it. 为了实现梦想，他日夜工作。 He worked day and night so that he could achieve/ realize his dream. He worked day and night so that he could make his dream come true.
三. 重要句型复习
1. _n_e_i_th__e_r._.._n_o_r_.._._____既不......也不......，连接
_平__行____结构，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词根
据___就__近___原则。
我的妻子和我的父母都不能说服我的女儿改变主 意。
Neither my wife nor my parents were able to persuade my daughter to change her mind.
→instruction n.指导，指示→ instructive adj. 有益的，教育性的，有指示性的
4. enthusiastic adj.热心的，热情的 →enthusiasm n.狂热，热心→ enthusiast n.
热心家，狂热者 5. painter n.画家；油漆匠
→paint v. 画；上油漆 → painting n.画 6. conclude v. 结束，推断出 →conclusion n. 结论，结束 7. construct v. 建设，修建 →construction n. 修建 8. move v. 移动；使感动 →movement n.移动；运动
她是如此一位成功的女士以致于我们都很尊敬她。 She is so succesful a woman that we all show great respect for her. She is so successful a woman that we all respect her very much. She is such a successful woman that we all show great respect for her. She is such a successful woman that we all respect her very much.
向.......捐赠.....________c_o_n_t_r_ib_u_t_e_._.._to_._._. ____ 5. 专心于__b_e__a_b_s_o_r_b_e_d__in_/_b_e__d_e_v_oted to 6. 除了......之外____a_p_a_r_t _fr_o_m__/_in__a_d_d_i_t_ion to 7.应受责备，应负有责任____b_e__to__b_l_a_m_e______ 因某事责备某人__b_l_a_m__e_s_b_._f_o_r__st_h_.____ 把某事归咎于某人头上__b_l_a_m__e_s_t_h_._o_n__s_th_.__ 8.在某事上对某人严格__b_e_s_t_r_ic_t_w__i_th__s_b_._i_n_s_th. 9. 讲得通，有意义___m__a_k_e__s_e_n_s_e_________ 10. 明白__m__a_k_e__s_e_n_s_e_o_f______