翻译3:个人责任与社会责任翻译

合集下载

责任担当英语

责任担当英语

责任担当英语一、单词1. Responsibility- 英语释义:[rɪˌspɒnsəˈbɪləti],the state or fact of having a duty to deal with something or of having control over someone.- 用法:可以作可数名词或不可数名词。

作可数名词时,常表示具体的职责、任务;作不可数名词时,表示责任感等抽象概念。

- 双语例句:- Everyone should take responsibility for their own actions.(每个人都应该对自己的行为负责。

)- The manager has a lot of responsibilities in this project.(经理在这个项目中有很多职责。

)2. Duty- 英语释义:[ˈdjuːti],something that one is expected or required to do by moral or legal obligation.- 用法:可数名词,常用搭配有“on duty(值班,上班)”,“off duty(下班)”等。

- 双语例句:- It is our duty to protect the environment.(保护环境是我们的责任。

)- The soldiers are on duty at the border.(士兵们在边境值班。

)3. Obligation- 英语释义:[ˌɒblɪˈɡeɪʃn],a moral or legal duty to do something.- 用法:可数名词,常用于表达受某种约束而必须做某事。

- 双语例句:- We have an obligation to help those in need.(我们有义务帮助那些有需要的人。

)- She feels an obligation to her family.(她对家人有一种责任感。

责任的英文翻译

责任的英文翻译

责任的英文翻译The translation of "责任" (responsibility) in English can be described in various ways. Here is a 700-word translation:Responsibility is a term that encapsulates the duty, obligation, or accountability that an individual or organization holds for their actions, decisions, or behavior. It is the moral or legal requirement to fulfill one's duties and obligations towards oneself, others, and the environment. The concept of responsibility is embedded in various aspects of life, encompassing personal, professional, social, and environmental spheres.Personal responsibility refers to the individual's obligation to manage their own life, make decisions, and accept the consequences of those decisions. It is about taking ownership of one's actions, embracing personal growth, and continuously striving for improvement. Personal responsibility is an essential trait that fosters self-discipline, resilience, and accountability. It empowers individuals to make informed choices and become active participants in shaping their own destiny.Professional responsibility, on the other hand, relates to the duties and obligations that arise from one's role in the workplace. It encompasses being accountable for one's work, adhering to ethical standards, and upholding professional integrity. Professionals have the responsibility to perform their job competently, diligently, and ethically, while ensuring the well-being and interests of clients, colleagues, and the organization. Professional responsibility also includes the commitment to continuous professional development and the ability to adapt to changing circumstances.Social responsibility pertains to an individual's duty to contribute positively to society, beyond their immediate personal and professional realms. It encompasses actions that aim to promote the well-being and welfare of others, contribute to social causes, and address societal issues. Social responsibility involves empathy, compassion, and a sense of duty towards the broader community. It can be fulfilled through volunteer work, philanthropy, advocacy for social justice, and sustainable practices.Environmental responsibility refers to the obligation to protect and preserve the natural environment. It is about recognizing the interdependence between human activities and the health of the planet. Environmental responsibility involves reducing the carbon footprint, conserving resources, minimizing waste, and promoting sustainable practices. It also includes raising awareness about environmental issues and advocating for environmentally friendly policies and behaviors.In addition to these specific spheres, responsibility is also intertwined with other areas of life. For instance, parental responsibility refers to the duties and obligations that parents have towards their children, including providing for their physical, emotional, and educational needs. Financial responsibility relates to managing one's finances prudently, paying debts, and fulfilling financial obligations. Legal responsibility pertains to compliance with laws and regulations, while criminal responsibility involves being held accountable for criminal offenses committed. Overall, responsibility is a multifaceted concept that holdsindividuals and organizations accountable for their actions, decisions, and behaviors. It encompasses personal, professional, social, and environmental aspects of life. Fulfilling responsibilities requires integrity, accountability, and a sense of duty towards oneself, others, and the world around us. Embracing responsibility leads to personal growth, contributes to societal well-being, and helps create a more sustainable and just world.。

企业社会责任英文原文加翻译

企业社会责任英文原文加翻译

企业社会责任英文原文加翻译一(英文原文Moral Discourse and Corporate Social Responsibility ReportingBy MaryAnn Reynolds, Kristi YuthasABSTRACTThis paper examines voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting as a form of moral discourse. It explores how alternative stakeholder perspectives lead to differing perceptions of the process and content of responsible reporting. We contrast traditional stakeholder theory, which views stakeholders as external parties having a social contract with corporations, with an emerging perspective, which views interaction among corporations and constituents as relational in nature. This moves the stakeholder from an external entity to one thatis integral to corporate activity. We explore how these alternative stakeholder perspectives give rise to different normative demands for stakeholder engagement, managerial processes, and communication. We discuss models of CSR reporting and accountability: EMAS, the ISO 14000 series, SA8000, AA1000, the Global Reporting Initiative, and the Copenhagen Charter. We explore how these models relate to the stakeholder philosophies and find that they are largely consistent with the traditional atomistic view but fall far short of the demands for moral engagement prescribed by a relational stakeholder perspective. Adopting a relational view requires stakeholder engagement not only inprescribing reporting requiremenu, but also in discourse relating to core aspects of the corporation such as mission,values,and management systems, Habermas' theory of communicative action provides guidelinesfor engaging stakeholders in this moral discourse.KEY WORDS: stakeholder engagement, stakeholder reporting, relational stakeholder perspective, corporate social responsibility,Theoryof Communicative Action,discourse ethicsIntroductionThroughout this paper, we use Habermas' theory of communicative action (1984, 1987, 1990) as a means through which to critique current approaches corporate the degree menu forsocial responsibility reporting in terms to which these reports embody require moral discourse. We provide a brief introduction to key elements of the theory and ground it in social theory. We then discuss the details as they apply to CSR reporting.Our analysis is conducted in two stages, relying on different portions ofHabermas' theory. In the first part, we examine the conditions that allow for basic communicative understanding. These conditions are the unspoken assumptions underlying communication. In normal communication, four basic universal assumptions are made: that the speaker is telling the truth, that he means what he says, and that what he says is appropriate in its context, and that it is understandable to the listener. In the first part of the paper, we show how models orframeworks for CSR reporting, taken together, address these assumptions and contribute to the effectiveness of CSR reports as a form of communication.In the second part of our analysis, we rely upon the ethical aspects of Habermas' theory as a means through which to provide a normative critique of the body of CSR reporting frameworks. The theory of communicative action suggests that social progress can be accomplished through rational discourse under specific conditions. The discourse must be inclusive, democratic, and free of power asymmetries. Apel (1980) has suggested that the ethical nature of an agreement derives from theprocess used to arrive at that agreement (rather than universal or externally-imposed ethical standards).We use Habermas' principles as a means to examine the extent to corporate communication is reflective of moral discourse.We find that while the frameworks generally promote stakeholder consultation,they fall short of providing other conditions needed for moral discourse. In particular, they fail to provide mechanisms that allow stakeholders with differing resources to participate democratically in discourse.The paper is organized as follows. First,we introduce social responsibility and corporate disclosure concepts related to CSRreporting.Next,we explore widely-used frameworks associated with corporate accountability in the CSR realm. Then, as noted above, we provide a 2-part analysis of how concepts from Habermas' theory of communicative action are currently realized in guidance provided by CSR reporting models. We close with concluding rem arks.Background: social responsibility and corporate disclosureCorporate social responsibility is addressed in current business, accounting and ethics literature. The issue was widely discussed in the seventies and early eighties and then dropped out of sight. The current re-energized focus includes social, environmental and ethical reporting by corporations. The notion of corporate social disclosure arises from a view of social theory which holds that the corporation owes a duty to the society; or has a social contract. One widely cited quotation comes from Shocker and Sethi (1974, p.67):"Any social institution一and business in no exception一operates in societyvia a social contract, expressed or implied, whereby its survival and growth are based on:1 .The delivery of some socially desirable ends to society ingeneral and,2. The distribution of economic, social or political benefits to groups from which it derives its power.In a dnamic society, neither the sources of institutional power nor the needs for its services are permanent. Therefore, an institution must constantly meet the twintests of legitimacy and relevance by demonstrafing that society requires its services and that the groups benefiting from its rewards have society's approval."Carroll and Bucholtz offer a four part definition of corporatesocial responsibility, "The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal,ethical, and discretionary (philanthropic) expectadons that society has of organizations at a given point in time (2006, p. 35)." This definition reflects current thinking on corporate social responsibility and acknowledges the need to note shifts in social environment, these may be social, legal, or political.Corporate investors are questioning the adequacy of this communication approach and have called for increased reporting on issues of broad societal interest. Presently it is estimated that trillions of dollars are allocated to investments based on some social criteria (Sparkes and Cowton, 2004). Confulion may arise with the lack of comparable reporting.Implementable guidelines have consequently been developed by groups proposing models or frameworks for reporting (communicating) and auditing (verifying). Leading examples in order they were first issued are:EMAS (European, particularly German environmental management and audit)ISO 14001(Internationally recognized environmental managementcertification)SA 8000 (Social Accountability Internationallabor standard).AA1000 (International accountability assurante reporting standard).Copenhagen Charter(International standard involving stakeholdercommunications).GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) 2000 (International sustainability report).Models for corporate social responsibility reportingApproaches to social and natural environmental accountability have been developed for various purposes. Classifying them under the umbrella of CSR reporting we will discuss some widely used models and introduce a less well-known model, which may provide additional benefit.Eco-Management and Audit Scheme ( EMAS, 1995,2001)The European Commission set down the basic principles underlying the EMAS scheme in Council Regulation 1836/93 -EMAS of the European Commission. The purpose was improvement of environmental performance and was initially directed at manufacturing firms. This has since been extended to allow broad participation by any public or private entity wishing to participate. The regulation calls for an environmental statement from the entity and requires auditing.Further,there is a continual requirement to document ongoing continual improvement through the of implementation policies, programmes and management systems by a systematic, objective, and periodic evaluation of performance. There is also an obligation to inform the public of the results of the evaluation.The article on participation states that the scheme is open topublic or privateentities operating in the EU or the European Economic Area (EEA).The site may be registered if the site has an environmental policy, asite review, an environmental audit,objectives for continuousimprovement, a statement from each site, verification covering poficy, programmes, the management system, the review and audit procedure, and the statement provided. The validated environmental statement is then forwarded to the competent body in the Member State. The statement is also disseminated to the public after the registration of the site has been completed. The statement should be a concise, comprehensible description of activities at the site; with an assessment of significant relevant environmental issues, including: emissions, waste generation, consumption of raw materials, energy and water, noise and other significant aspects; a presentation of the company's environmental poficy, programme and management system at the site, the deadline for the next statement, and the name of the accredited environmental verifier. The EMAS 2001 was strengthened by requiring ISO 14001 as the environmental management system.Council on Economic Priorities Accreditation Agency Social Accountability Standard (SA8000, 1998)/renamed Social Accountability International (SAI)This standard has a change in focus and is concerned with fair labor practices world wide. It is divided into purpose and scope, normative elements and their interpretation, definitions,and social accountability requirements.The social accountability requirements include: child labor,forced labor, health and safety, freedom of associanon and right to collective bargaining, discrimination, disciplinary practices, working hours,compensation, management systems, management review,company representatives,planning and implementation, control of suppliers, addressing concerns and taking corrective action, outside communication, access for verification and anizationschoosing to adopt this standard are encouraged to require theirsuppliers to comply with its requirements also. This extends it widelyinto global society. Organizations can adopt these standards voluntarily and may disclose their tompliance with the provisions of the standard as part of other statements issued.Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability Standard AA1000 (1999) The first standard for building corporate accountability and trustwas issued in November 1999 by the Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability (ISEA).The ISEA states that the AA 1000standard“provides both a framework that organizationscan use to understand and improve their ethical performance and a means to judge the validity of ethical claims made." The AA1000 standardis described as:an Accountability standard, focused on quality of social and ethical accounting,reporting. securing the auditing and reporting”AA1000 comprises principles (the characteristics of anquality process) and a set of process standards. Thebprocess standards cover planning, accounting,auditing and reporting, embedding, and stakeholder engagement (AA1000, 1999, p. 1).The focus is on improving overall performance through measurement, quality management, recruitment and retention of employees, external stakeholder engagement, partnership, risk management, investors,governance, government and regulatory relations and training (AA1000, 1999, pp. 3-4).Auditing and quality assurance are required as a part of the system. The users of AA1000 are expected to include adopting organizations, stakeholders, service providers, and standards developers. Thus we see the inclusion of societal stakeholders as constituents.Concluding remarksIn this paper, we have adopted the relational view of stakeholders suggested by the theory of pragmatism.Under this perspective, CSR reporting becomes part of an ongoing discourse between a corporation and its stakeholders, rather than one-way communication about past performance. We use Habermas' theory of communicative action to provide guidance on how this discourse can be conducted in a manner that leadsto morally justifiable outcomes. We examine how Habermasian principles are approximated in existing reporting models such as EMAS,ISO, SA 8000, AA 1000, and The Copenhagen Charter.The widespread voluntary adoption of various reporting models allows decision makers interested in social responsibility to evaluate corporations using this information in the context of a perceived social contract. The use of frameworks that approximate principles of communicative action allows investigation not only of reported outcomes, but also of the processes involved.Based on our examination of corporate social responsibilityreporting models currently in use, we conclude that progress is being made in CSR reporting, and communication. Models exist that enablecorporations to report on their social, environmental, and ethical performance. The existing models discussed in this paper offer opportunity for some transparency and greatly enhance the ability for broader stakeholders to compare companies and their performance in these critical arenas. However,the models do not quite move to the level of ethical discourse through which social progress might be achieved. We believe that a different philosophical perspective, making stakeholders an intrinsic part of the discourse rather than peripheral to the process,and engaging them in discourse that is open, fair, and democratic would move society toward moral corporate discourse.Several of the models examined offer aspects that lead in this direction. Modifications of frameworks and frameworks in progress, such as the SA1000 Stakeholder Engagement Standard, provide evidence that corporations and their constituents recognize that corporate accountability is supported by effective stakeholder engagement. As reporting on CSR performance encourages performance improvements,we believe that the same holds for moral discourse.Ascompanies move toward greater transparency in the processes and outcomes of stakeholder discourse, we expect movement toward ideal speech and moral communicative outcomes.。

生态翻译学三维原则

生态翻译学三维原则

生态翻译学三维原则
三维原则是指多学科翻译生态研究和实践的基础原则,包括语言可视化、文化转换和社会责任。

1、语言可视化:指语言翻译应充分考虑语言“互换性”,确保翻译准确、流畅,以及语言各种不同属性(如文体、语义、语调)和表达形式(如句式、词汇)。

2、文化转换:指翻译时应从文化的视角把握不同文化的文化环境、文化约束条件和文化信息表达,并能够把握文化的特点,转变文化差异,以达到翻译意图。

3、社会责任:指翻译时应充分考虑社会各阶层使用者的翻译需求,充分结合社会伦理和政治考量,确保翻译结果正确,尊重文化差异,不歧视任何民族、种族、国籍以及性别。

自我介绍社会责任感个性特点兴趣爱好

自我介绍社会责任感个性特点兴趣爱好

自我介绍社会责任感个性特点兴趣爱好英文版As a responsible member of society, I believe in taking on social responsibilities and making a positive impact on the world around me. In this article, I will introduce myself, highlighting my personal characteristics, interests, and hobbies.My name is Sarah, and I am a recent graduate with a degree in Environmental Science. I have always been passionate about protecting the environment and promoting sustainable practices. This passion has led me to volunteer at local environmental organizations and participate in community clean-up events. I believe that it is important for individuals to take action and make a difference in their communities.One of my key personality traits is my strong sense of empathy. I am always willing to lend a helping hand to those in need and strive to make a difference in the lives of others. This empathy has also shaped my career goals, as I hope to work in a field where I can help improve the lives of marginalized communities.In terms of interests and hobbies, I enjoy spending time outdoors, hiking, and exploring nature. I also have a passion for photography and love capturing the beauty of the world around me. Additionally, I am an avid reader and enjoy learning about different cultures and perspectives.Overall, I believe that my sense of social responsibility, empathy, and diverse interests make me a well-rounded individual who is committed to making a positive impact on the world.完整中文翻译作为社会的一员,我相信承担社会责任并对周围世界产生积极影响是非常重要的。

CSR与企业社会责任的演讲稿

CSR与企业社会责任的演讲稿

CSR与企业社会责任的演讲稿尊敬的各位领导、各位嘉宾、亲爱的同事们:大家好!我今天非常荣幸能够站在这里,向大家分享关于CSR与企业社会责任的演讲稿。

企业作为社会的一员,除了追求经济效益,还应当承担起更多的社会责任。

本演讲将围绕什么是CSR、企业社会责任的意义以及如何实施CSR三个方面进行阐述。

首先,让我们来了解一下什么是CSR。

CSR是Corporate Social Responsibility的缩写,中文翻译为企业社会责任。

它指的是企业在追求经济利益的同时,主动承担起对社会和环境的责任,通过可持续发展的方式,实现经济、环境和社会三者的良性互动。

企业社会责任不仅仅是对法律法规的遵守,更应该是企业的价值观和道德底线。

那么,为什么企业需要承担社会责任呢?首先,企业是社会的一部分,与社会息息相关。

企业在发展的过程中,消耗了大量的资源,私有化了部分的利益,因此有责任回馈社会,为社会创造更多的价值。

其次,承担社会责任可以提高企业的美誉度和品牌形象。

现在的消费者越来越重视企业的社会责任,在购买商品或服务时会优先选择那些社会责任意识强的企业,这对企业来说是一种巨大的优势。

同时,面对日益复杂的社会问题,企业通过积极履行社会责任,可以为社会提供解决问题的思路和经验,同时也为企业自身的可持续发展提供了更多机遇。

那么,如何实施CSR呢?首先,企业需要明确自身的核心价值观和使命。

企业在制定经营策略和目标时,应始终抱有积极的社会视角,将社会责任融入到企业的发展战略中。

其次,企业应当积极创造就业机会,提供良好的工作环境和福利待遇。

对员工进行培训,提升他们的职业能力和发展空间,使员工能够享受到企业发展的成果。

此外,企业还应当积极履行环境保护责任,推行绿色生产方式,降低对环境的污染和破坏。

在资源利用和循环利用方面,积极采取可持续发展的措施,为后代子孙留下良好的生存环境。

除此之外,企业还应当关注社区发展、教育、文化体育等多个领域。

最新企业社会责任英文原文加翻译

最新企业社会责任英文原文加翻译

企业社会责任英文原文加翻译—・英文原文Moral Discourse and Corporate Social Responsibility ReportingBy MaryAnn Reynolds, Kristi YuthasABSTRACTThis paper examines voluntary corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting as a form of moral discourse・ It explores how alternative stakeholder perspectives lead to differing perceptions of the process and content of responsible reporting・ We contrast traditional stakeholder theory, which views stakeholders as external parties having a social contract with corporations, with an emerging perspective, which views interaction among corporations and constituents as relational in nature・ This moves the stakeholder from an external entity to one that is integral to corporate activity. We explore how these alternative stakeholder perspectives give rise to different normative demands for stakeholder engagement, managerial processes, and communication. We discuss models of CSR reporting and accountability: EMAS,什ie ISO 14000 series, SA8000, AA1000, the Global Reporting Initiative, and the Copenhagen Charter. We explore how these models relate to the stakeholder philosophies and find that they are largely consistent with the traditional atomistic view but fall far short of the demands for moral engagement prescribed by a relational stakeholder perspective. Adopting a relational view requires stakeholder engagement not only in prescribing reporting requiremenu, but also indiscourse relating to core aspects of the corporation such as mission,values,and management systems, Habermas* theory of communicative action provides guidelines for engaging stakeholders in this moral discourse.KEY WORDS: stakeholder engagement, stakeholder reporting, relational stakeholder perspective, corporate social responsibility,Theoryof Communicative Action,discourse ethicsIntroductionThroughout this paper, we use Habermas* theory of communicative action (1984, 1987, 1990) as a means through which to critique current approaches corporate the degree menu forsocial responsibility reporting in terms to which these reports embody require moral discourse. We provide a brief introduction to key elements of the theory and ground it in social theory. We then discuss the details as they apply to CSR reporting ・Our analysis is conducted in two stages, relying on different portions of Habermas* theory. In the first part, we examine the conditions that allow for basic communicative understanding・ These conditions are the unspoken assumptions underlying communication. In normal communication, four basic universal assumptions are made: that the speaker is telling the truth, that he means what he says, and that what he says is appropriate in its context, and that it is understandable to the listener. In the first part of the paper, we show how models or frameworks for CSR reporting, taken together, address these assumptions and contribute to the effectiveness of CSR reports as a form of communication.In the second part of our analysis, we rely upon the ethical aspects of Habermas* theory as a means through which to provide a normative critique of the body of CSR reporting frameworks. The theory of communicative action suggests that social progress can be accomplished through rational discourse under specific conditions・ The discourse must be inclusive, democratic, and free of power asymmetries. Apel (1980) has suggested that the ethical nature of an agreement derives from theprocess used to arrive at that agreement (rather than universal or externally-imposed ethical standards).We use Habermas* principles as a means to examine the extent to corporate communication is reflective of moral discourse.We find that while the frameworks generally promote stakeholder consultation,they fall short of providing other conditions needed for moral discourse・ In particular, they fail to provide mechanisms 什lat allow stakeholders with differing resources to participate democratically in discourse・The paper is organized as follows. First^we introduce social responsibility and corporate disclosure concepts related to CSRreporting.Next,we explore widely-used frameworks associated with corporate accountability in the CSR realm・ Then, as noted above, we provide a 2-part analysis of how concepts from Habermas* theory of communicative action are currently realized in guidance provided by CSR reporting models・ We close with concluding rem arks.Background: social responsibility and corporate disclosureCorporate social responsibility is addressed in current business, accounting and ethics literature. The issue was widely discussed in the seventies and early eighties and then dropped out of sight. The current re-energized focus includes social, environmental and ethical reporting by corporations. The notion of corporate social disclosure arises from a view of social theory which holds that the corporation owes a duty to the society; or has a social contract. One widely cited quotation comes from Shocker and Sethi (1974, p.67):”Any social institution — and business in no exception — operates in society via a social contract, expressed or implied, whereby its survival and growth are based on:1 ・The delivery of some socially desirable ends to society in general and,2. The distribution of economic, social or political benefits to groups from which itderives its power・In a dnamic society, neither the sources of institutional power nor the needs for its services are permanent. Therefore, an institution must constantly meet the twin tests of legitimacy and relevance by denionstrafing that society requires its services and that the groups benefiting from its rewards have society*s approval.HCarroll and Bucholtz offer a four part definition of corporate social responsibility, "The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legahethicaL and discretionary (philanthropic) expectadons that society has of organizations at a given point in time (2006, p.35).n This definition reflects current thinking on corporate social responsibility and acknowledges the need to note shifts in social environment, these may be social, legal, or political.Corporate investors are questioning the adequacy of this communication approach and have called for increased reporting on issues of broad societal interest・ Presently it is estimated that trillions of dollars are allocated to investments based on some social criteria (Sparkes and Cowton, 2004). Confulion may arise with the lack of comparablereporting.Implementable guidelines have consequently been developed by groups proposing models or frameworks for reporting (communicating) and auditing (verifying). Leading examples in order they were first issued are:EMAS (European, particularly German environmental management and audit) ISO 14001 (Internationally recognized environmental management certification)SA 8000 (Social Accountability Internationallabor standard).AA1000 (International accountability assurante reporting standard). Copenhagen Charter(International standard involving stakeholder communications)・GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) 2000 (International sustainability report).Models for corporate social responsibility reportingApproaches to social and natural environmental accountability have been developed for various purposes・ Classifying them under the umbrella of CSR reporting we will discuss some widely used models and introduce a less well-known model, which may provide additional benefit.Eco-Management and Audit Scheme ( EMAS, 1995,200】)The European Commission set down the basic principles underlying the EMAS scheme in Council Regulation 1836/93 -EMAS of the European Commission. The purpose was improvement of environmental performance and was initially directed at manufacturing firms. This has since been extended to allow broad participation by any public or private entity wishing to participate・ The regulation calls for an environmental statement from the entity and requires auditing.Further,there is a continual requirement to document ongoing continual improvement through the of implementation policies, programmes and management systems by a systematic, objective, and periodic evaluation of performance. There is also an obligation to inform the public of the results of the evaluation.The article on participation states that the scheme is open to public or private entities operating in the EU or the European Economic Area (EEA). The site may be registered if the site has an environmental policy, a site review, an environmental audit,objectives for continuous improvement, a statement from each site, verification covering poficy, programmes, the management system, the review and audit procedure, and the statement provided・ The validated environmental statement is then forwarded to the competent body in the Member State. The statement is also disseminated to the public after the registration of the site has been completed. The statement should be a concise, comprehensible description of activities at the site; with an assessment of significant relevant environmental issues, including: emissions, waste generation, consumption of raw materials, energy and water, noise and other significant aspects; a presentation of the company's environmental poficy, programme and management system at the site, the deadline for the next statement, and the name of the accredited environmental verifier. The EMAS 2001 was strengthened by requiring ISO 14001 as the environmental management system.Council on Economic Priorities Accreditation Agency Social Accountability Standard (SA8000, 1998)/renamed Social Accountability International (SAI)This standard has a change in focus and is concerned with fair labor practices world wide. It is divided into purpose and scope, normative elements and their interpretation, definitions,and social accountability requirenients.The social accountability requirements include: child labor,forced labor, health and safety, freedom of associanon and right to collective bargaining, discrimination, disciplinary practices, working hours,compensation, management systems, management review, company representatives,planning and implementation, control of suppliers, addressing concerns and taking corrective action, outside communication, access for verification and anizations choosing to adopt this standard are encouraged to require their suppliers to comply with its requirements also. This extends it widely into global society. Organizations can adopt these standards voluntarily and may disclose their tompliance with the provisions of the standard as part of other statements issued・Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability Standard AAI000 (1999)The first standard for building corporate accountability and trust was issued in November 1999 by the Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability (ISEA).The ISEA states that the AA1000 standard44provides both a framework that organizations can use to understand and improve their ethical performance and a means to judge the validity of ethical claims made." The A A1000 standard is described as: an Accountability standard, focused on quality of social and ethical accounting,reporting, securing the auditing and reporting^AA1000 comprises principles (the characteristics of anquality process) and a set of process standards. Thebprocess standards cover planning, accounting,auditing and reporting, embedding, and stakeholder engagement (AA1000, 1999, p. 1).The focus is on improving overall performance through measurement, quality management, recruitment and retention of employees, external stakeholder engagement, partnership, risk management, investors, governance, government and regulatory relations and training (AA1000, 1999, pp. 3-4).Auditing and quality assurance are required as a part of the system. The users of AA1000 are expected to include adopting organizations, stakeholders, service providers, and standards developers・ Thus we see the inclusion of societal stakeholders as constituents・Concluding remarksIn this paper, we have adopted the relational view of stakeholders suggested by the theory of pragmatism.Under this perspective, CSR reporting becomes part of an ongoing discourse between a corporation and its stakeholders, rather than one-way communication about past performance・ We use Habermas* theory of communicative action to provide guidance on how this discourse can be conducted in a manner that leads to morally justifiable outcomes. We examine how Habermasian principles are approximated in existing reporting models such as EMASJSO, SA 8000、AA 1000, and The Copenhagen Charter.The widespread voluntary adoption of various reporting models allows decision makers interested in social responsibility to evaluate corporations using this information in Hie context of a perceived social contract. The use of frameworks that approximate principles of communicative action allows investigation not only of reported outcomes, but also of the processes involved・Based on our examination of corporate social responsibility reporting models currently in use, we conclude that progress is being made in CSR reporting, and communication. Models exist that enable corporations to report on their social, environmental, and ethical performance. The existing models discussed in this paper offer opportunity for some transparency and greatly enhance the ability for broader stakeholders to compare companies and their performance in these critical arenas・ However,the models do not quite move to the level of ethical discourse through which social progress might be achieved・ We believe that a different philosophical perspective, making stakeholders an intrinsic part of the discourse rather than peripheral to the process,and engaging them in discourse that is open, fair, and democratic would move society toward moral corporate discourse・Several of the models examined offer aspects that lead in this direction. Modifications of frameworks and frameworks in progress, such as the SA 1000 Stakeholder Engagement Standaid, provide evidence that corporations and their constituents recognize that corporate accountability is supported by effective stakeholder engagement. As reporting on CSRperformance encourages performance improvements.we believe that the same holds for moral discourse.As companies move toward greater transparency in the processes and outcomes of stakeholder discourse, we expect movement toward ideal speech and moral communicative outcomes.。

牛津译林版九年级下册Unit2《Greatpeople》说课稿3

牛津译林版九年级下册Unit2《Greatpeople》说课稿3

牛津译林版九年级下册Unit 2《Great people》说课稿3一. 教材分析《牛津译林版九年级下册Unit 2 Great people》是一篇关于伟人的文章,通过介绍历史上的伟人,让学生了解他们的成就和对世界的影响。

本课的主要内容是介绍三位伟人:孙中山、孔子和牛顿,以及他们的贡献。

文章难度适中,语言简洁明了,内容富有教育意义。

二. 学情分析九年级的学生已经具备了一定的英语基础,能够听懂并运用一些基本的英语句型。

但是,他们在阅读理解、词汇量和语法方面还存在一定的困难。

因此,在教学过程中,需要注重培养学生的阅读理解能力,扩大词汇量,并加强语法教学。

三. 说教学目标1.知识目标:让学生掌握文章中的关键词汇和句型,理解文章大意,了解孙中山、孔子和牛顿的贡献。

2.能力目标:培养学生运用英语进行阅读理解的能力,提高学生的词汇量和语法水平。

3.情感目标:激发学生对伟人的敬仰之情,培养学生的爱国情怀和社会责任感。

四. 说教学重难点1.重点:文章中关键词汇和句型的学习,理解文章大意。

2.难点:词汇量和语法的学习,以及阅读理解能力的提高。

五. 说教学方法与手段1.教学方法:采用任务型教学法,让学生在完成任务的过程中,自然而然地学习到文章中的关键词汇和句型。

2.教学手段:利用多媒体课件,图片,视频等辅助教学,提高学生的学习兴趣和参与度。

六. 说教学过程1.导入:通过展示孙中山、孔子和牛顿的图片,引导学生谈论伟人,引入本课主题。

2.阅读理解:让学生阅读文章,回答相关问题,培养学生的阅读理解能力。

3.词汇教学:通过对文章中的关键词汇进行讲解和练习,提高学生的词汇量。

4.语法教学:通过文章中的句型,进行语法讲解和练习,提高学生的语法水平。

5.小组讨论:让学生分组讨论,总结孙中山、孔子和牛顿的贡献,培养学生的合作意识。

6.情感教育:引导学生学习伟人的品质和精神,激发学生的爱国情怀和社会责任感。

7.总结:对本课内容进行总结,强调重点知识点。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

摘要大学经历无数的变换由于具有挑战性的环境。

在研究绩效管理制度与个人利益的冲突就是其中之一。

责任的命令是在我们的行动带来提高科研绩效管理方面讨论的聚光灯下,什么raison dêTRE使复杂。

适应规范的利益相关者理论我们揭露一个特别注意在研究绩效管理制度和个人责任的伦理问题的主要观点。

从方法的角度来看,学者们采访了使用半结构化问题。

本研究的结果表明,非大学和学术从利益和P oorly发达的文化责任责任功能不兼容的原因,从伦理学的角度特别是在研究绩效管理;然而,研究?结果不建议如何衡量协同利益的影响程度。

1.简介塑造策略,大学注重可持续发展的研究和高等教育系统一般是在知识社会的发展基础,知识经济的增长和可持续发展,社会和经济福利。

同样,大学有助于培养创造性的,受过良好教育的,高贵的,有道德责任,公民,自主创业人格。

由于全球的过程中,高校的受众转换提出了新的挑战。

在这方面,大学的职责的问题和新的解决方案下维护自然创造公共利益的追求。

本研究是基于个人负责可能主要康德哲学思想之一他/ ER行动的后果,并没有人将这些后果:神,不利情况等(芭瑞诺娃,2007,p. 150)。

道德哲学家乔纳斯,阐述康德哲学参数,分析了道德责任的命令。

他强调,尽管如此,优先级应给予不行动的形式,但其内容(乔纳斯,1984,p. 85)。

我们选择用我们的行动转移从人类的自我,他/二责任感。

在这样的背景下,我们寻求发展的主题在伦理的角度研究绩效责任多元化。

在本文中,我们表明其非功能性的机构和个人的责任和原因之间的比率在研究绩效管理。

首先,我们分析与大学的比例研究者的职责。

它演示了如何负责任的大学和研究者行为的平衡。

第二,我们检查偏差给这些偏差的影响引起的动力。

第三,我们探讨的伦理问题责任为在研究绩效管理很难解决。

实证研究是指研究在社会建设的范例,它允许感知由个人和群体通过共同创造现实感(伯杰和卢克曼,1999;Brown &贝克,2007,p. 87-90),即如何建立制度化的社会现象,并可能成为传统。

在社会建设方面我们的自我建构共同的意义通过相互作用,使用他们的日常生活和解释我们的社会和文化生活的元素。

尽管如此,这并不建议个人总是在生活的每一个元素一致,即主观无数有争议的看法,基于一定的有效性和社会环境竞争力,存在。

因此,事实和没有意义的地址为主要重点了解周围的环境。

2。

机构和个人责任的相互作用通常,需要的个人和社会的满意度为重点大学的使命的知识和卓越的保证的发展而言,51页),与创作知识驱动的竞争优势(atakan和Eker,2007;利杰,2010)。

一方面,大学任务建立其社会功能使通过这样的尺寸为民主的实现达到不仅自身利益的过程(嘉斯卡普里戈和维拉—加西亚2011。

考虑到这一点,学界应提高认识论问题。

为什么它是教学?观众是什么?科学知识是要沟通?它将如何沟通科学知识?另一方面,大学的变异应当基于竞争全球进程(嘉斯卡普里戈与维拉的加西亚,2011,p. 49),即大学应该通过侧,以及在,社会。

大学是一个组织,有助于指导社会的公共政策,经济和社会政策(carbal埃雷拉,加里多普埃略,加西亚戈麦斯和克萨达-,2010)。

实现的目的和性质大学制度,其责任范围变得依赖于各种因素(例如,社会的需要,国家拨款),影响大学的行为。

这些方面反映异常对社会的责任有大学。

从制度的责任,基于社会提供高等教育服务增长和发展的专业人士,大学已产生重要的作用,能够使社会变换(山,2004;,86页)。

大学旨在教化社会,集中发展知识潜在的。

因此,现代大学应能变换,预测变化和创造这样的环境,不仅满足利益相关者的期望,也有助于发展的知识社会。

蒂尔尼,利杰和加艾大克萨达是指具有社会责任感的大学(加艾大克萨达,2011;利杰,2010)2008。

阐述了对个人责任的维度,第一,有必要强调员工是特殊的群体有一定的心理需求是,成为一个合法的成员的价值驱动社会群体感,给他/ ER的存在(霍,史密斯,泰勒和林德,1996;Tyler &德高依,1995)。

在这认为,个人的责任,不仅发生在瞬间成为会员的一个给定的组织,但是其实在这种参与。

因此,个人的形状,他/二不同的经验,并锚定他/二价值观。

因此,根据人们的大学选择,让社会看到图像。

高校学术界发现人员主要分为功能类别:行政管理,科学,教育(有时科研和教学人员将在oneacademic人员类别)技术。

科研人员(重视)都是杰出的需要专业性质。

该值是相同的:任何职业的职业,能力,个性和勇气(波夫,2004,p. 212)。

潜在的公平,不信任,缺乏信息,有限的通信,职业发展有限的,贫穷的奖励和其它因素都影响系统。

科学人员成功地与其他人员,协助和促进他们的想法的实现。

我们在大学里的专业设置的作用,103页)。

其独特的属性是为推广这种传统的鼓励,激励,薪酬增长极低。

而房间里,他们花了所有的工作日和识别对应于他们的创造力和创新。

他们可能去执行他们的专业化和职业比忠于组织。

它在特定的文化是因为他们的知识水平(比彻,1989,p. 22-35)。

这属性的前提,是实现由于这两个原因,组织文化的复杂变化2012,第67-68):为自治与专业活动自由的风险(科研人员认为可疑的一个新的现象的制度化);对任何现象或文本的批判性思维。

此外,专门解决亚基亚文化,例如,在一个部门或某个科学领域。

的科学人员身份的区别不仅由给定的语言环境中使用,也传统的规范。

根据科研人员的特异性,其管理要求很多最高管理者理解的努力和行动在一定的组织文化,特别是制度化的大学的社会责任。

在制度和个人责任之间的平衡搜索,大学不可避免地解决各种问题。

例如,从管理的角度看,大学自治和之间的不均衡问责的状态是不断在学术界和社会讨论的中心以及发现的情况下法学。

另一个例子是在不同层次的对抗中发现(机构和个人)的利益:寻求有效的大学科研绩效(因为它决定国家补贴的金额),而研究人员在研究绩效追求质量(因为它甚至会影响他/二工资)。

研究人员应该做的负责任在他/ ER的同事面前,和他/二贡献的一种科学的工作表明他/二对提交的文字表达思想(责任,个人责任)。

这种行为的后果确定年度排名影响工资的科学生产率和,在一般情况下,大学声誉。

在所有这些情况下,我们可以作出决定;然而,我们的规范,规则和限制我们的价值观。

因此,我们可以委托的工作而不是责任,并没有预期的影响往往是决定不道德的决定。

根据唐纳森和普雷斯顿,利益相关者的利益是基于价值的。

价值观导致组织利益的直接关系(唐纳森和普雷斯顿,1995)。

责任主体之间的冲突表明了当一个或其他的动作,程序不功能正如预期的那样。

在这种情况下,我们看到了在对学术诚信原则的实施问题绩效管理的研究。

两个学校和个人的努力,基于同余大学和个人价值观和相互的责任,是解决这些问题的必要性。

在国际层面上我们已经发现了几个案例对上述问题:伊尔门湖的情况下(1983),Rylander例(2001),X(2003)和医生案件黄禹锡教授的情况(2005)。

所有病例在医学和生物医学科学。

例如,Rylander案例(拜尔和迪普拉,2007,p. 31-33)采取法律程序在医学科学院发起了瑞士的伦理调查行政侵权。

对学术界的代表,与私营部门承包(烟草行业)在研究绩效研究者。

在这方面,瑞士联邦法庭发出的意见,大学高层管理,培养大学和行业合作伙伴关系,应预见到监测等发展对策合作伙伴关系。

因此,大学和学院应该有明确的指导方针,建立研究完整性(拜尔和迪普拉,2007,p. 33)。

随后,考虑到法庭的建议,医学科学的swissacademy表示位置:如果第三方基金投资者的影响的研究,研究范围应明确详细的(计划,实施,评估和出版)。

总之,缺乏通信显示机构和个人责任的不一致。

2011,世界科学界的Diederik Stapel欺诈上听到,院长的社会行为科学学院,蒂尔堡大学(荷兰)(卡拉威,2011;中期报告,2011)。

指控发布虚假的研究结果,他正在起诉。

社会心理学的科学共同体公认他是个可信赖的年轻研究员。

这信心来自高被引论文发表,许多奖项和专业知识。

一些委员会调查这件案子,即在蒂尔堡大学(他在哪里工作)和前格罗宁根大学和阿姆斯特丹(他以前工作的地方)。

委员会强调科学基金。

这个案例展示的后果不仅对低个人责任机构,而且对整个科学界。

2012,在立陶宛的学术领域的先例案件发生在考纳斯的学术诚信科技大学撤销2002建议抄袭(夹克。

至2010时,新版本在科学的博士研究的规定生效,没有任何法律规则,这将赋予捍卫学术诚信原则超制度层面。

因此,法律规则补充高校民族乐器谱帮助激励大学对学术不诚实勇敢地采取步骤打击。

这揭示了法律规则有助于个人和机构职责的一致性。

检查最近的案例,我们发现水平的大学和个人责任感的不同。

可怜的大学的期望和个人责任的单向通信造成的。

因此,它是要估计的职责和相互作用的积极和消极的后果在这个互动的价值平衡的支点,特别是在研究绩效管理。

3。

方法根据规范利益相关者理论的主要观点,利益相关者的个人或团体在程序和/或独立的性能方面的合法利益(利益相关者的确定通过他们对组织无论组织是否对他们关心的功能);利益相关者的整体利益的内在价值(唐纳森和普雷斯顿,1995;wijnberg,2000)。

尽管关于伦理原则缺乏明确的规范和利益相关者理论的批判在制度和个人责任感比的确定,该理论有助于找到答案的为什么我们应该关注利益相关者的利益?(wijnberg,2000,p. 339-341)。

学习责任。

考虑到利益相关者理论的规范性基础上,研究的问题是有责任的研究人员是在大学。

研究的问题是指在研究管理问题性能和他们的价值观方面。

使用半结构化的数据样本收集学派通过有针对性的选择的选择立意抽样。

11举报人进行了采访:社会科学博士委员会头人文学科,研究单位和博士的研究小组的主管。

举报人表示至少三个国家大学(见表1)。

收集到的数据进行定性分析,在基础理论方面。

这一理论2008,p. 268)。

4。

结果数据分析表明,对两个概念之间的机构和制度盛行率个人的职责:1)活有机体;个别地方代表的机构即使在非正式的环境;2)无生命的有机体;哪里制度责任范畴是由于责任作为道德的否定一类是只分配给人类。

根据举报人的思考分析,对责任概念的某些方面应强调:1)责任形式。

学术界的成员感觉负责他/ ER的行动和他们的后果尽责任的范围内都是合法的:(R3)。

此外,正式的责任体现在国家和超国家的水平,比如,承诺在欧盟资助的项目研究。

2)责任声明。

它揭示了在发生冲突的情况下事件;然后责任抛的责任或试图模糊的主题监事这些事情应确保某种控制,当然,通过不可委员会。

在这里,主管必须确保这件事。

相关文档
最新文档