齐齐哈尔大学化学工程与工艺专业毕业设计论文(年产5万吨丙酮车间丙酮精馏工段初步设计)

摘要

环己酮又名尼龙酸，是己二酸生产过程产生的副产物，仅国内己二酸生产企业每年就副产混合二元酸40-60万吨。由于其含杂质、水分多，颜色呈绿色或黄褐色，难以利用。国外一般将其送进污水处理装置作焚烧或填埋处理；国内有采用重结晶法回收，但回收率低于60％，废水量较大，不仅对环境造成污染，而且也造成资源的浪费。为了物尽其用，本文开展了应用基础研究以C4-C6混合二元酸为原料、对甲苯磺酸为催化剂，制备混合二元酸二甲酯，并利用减压精馏得到纯净的二甲酯。实验中考查了各种反应的影响因素，并利用制备的混合二甲酸二甲酯与异辛醇进行酯交换制备混合二元酸二异辛酯。

关键词：环己酮；环己烯；酯交换；混合二元酸二甲酯

Abstract

Mixed dibasic acid (DBA), also known as nylon acid, adipic acid production process by-products, only domestic producers of adipic acid by-product mixture in each of dicarboxylic acid 40-60 million tons. Because of its impurities, water content, the color green or brown, it is difficult to use. Foreign general to be sent to sewage treatment plant for incineration or landfilling; domestic use

recrystallization recovery, but recovery was less than 60%, large amount of wastewater, not only pollute the environment, but also a waste of resources. In order to make the best use, this application of basic research carried out to C4-C6 dicarboxylic acid as raw material mixture, p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst, prepared by mixing two yuan acid ester, and the use of vacuum distillation to get pure dimethyl ester. Experiment examined the response of various factors, and use a mixture of dimethyl ester prepared with different octanol prepared by mixing two yuan for transesterification ethylhexyl sebacate.

According to the experimental data show that, by esterification of dicarboxylic acid mixture separation process route is feasible. Esterification of the appropriate reaction conditions: reaction time 5.0h, alkyd molar ratio of 6:1, 1.0% mixed acid catalyst, in this condition, binary acid ester yield of 89%. Esters derived from crude esterification can be carried out under the pressure of 40mmHg vacu esterification can be effectively separated mixed dicarboxylic acid.

Key words: mixed dibasic acid; toluenesulfonate; transesterification; mixed two yuan Dimethyl

目录

摘要 .............................................. 错误！未定义书签。Abstract ........................................................... I

第1章绪论 (5)

1.1 课题的目的、意义 (5)

1.1.1 环己酮的由来 (5)

1.1.2 环己酮的利用 (6)

1.1.3 环己酮的分离 (6)

1.1.4 环己酮的用途 (8)

1.2 环己酮制备的研究 (9)

1.2.1 固体酸H催化法 (10)

1.2.2 硫酸氢钠催化法 (11)

1.2.3 固载磷钨酸催化法 (11)

1.2.4 树脂催化法 ............................ 错误！未定义书签。

1.2.5 一水硫酸氢钠催化法 .................... 错误！未定义书签。

1.2.6 复合固体酸催化法 ...................... 错误！未定义书签。

1.2.7 杂多酸催化法 .......................... 错误！未定义书签。

1.3 本课题的研究内容........................... 错误！未定义书签。第2章实验部分 ................................... 错误！未定义书签。

2.1 实验原理................................... 错误！未定义书签。

2.1.1 酯化反应原理 ........................... 错误！未定义书签。

2.1.2 减压蒸馏原理 ........................... 错误！未定义书签。

2.1.3 酯交换反应原理 ......................... 错误！未定义书签。

2.2 实验仪器设备及试剂 ......................... 错误！未定义书签。

2.2.1 实验仪器设备 ........................... 错误！未定义书签。

2.2.2 实验试剂 ............................... 错误！未定义书签。

2.3 实验装置图 ................................. 错误！未定义书签。

2.4 实验步骤 ................................... 错误！未定义书签。

2.4.1 甲醇羰基化法醋酸的合成 ................... 错误！未定义书签。