2012新目标英语中考考点全部汇总
新目标英语九年级Unit14知识点
九年级英语Unit 14 Unit 14 中考知识点中考知识点中考知识点一、重点短语一、重点短语1.1.连续几次地连续几次地连续几次地 in a row in a row2.2.回首（往事）回忆，回顾回首（往事）回忆，回顾回首（往事）回忆，回顾 look back at look back at3.3.弄得一团糟弄得一团糟弄得一团糟 make a mess make a mess4.4.沉住气，保持冷静沉住气，保持冷静沉住气，保持冷静 keep one,s cool keep one,s cool5.5.初中初中初中 junior high school junior high school6.6.高中高中高中 senior high school senior high school7.7.（时间）逝去，过去（时间）逝去，过去（时间）逝去，过去 go by go by8.8.信任，信赖信任，信赖信任，信赖 believe in believe in9.9.首先首先首先 first of all first of all10.10.渴望，渴求渴望，渴求渴望，渴求 be thirsty for be thirsty for 11.11.对某人心存感激对某人心存感激对某人心存感激 be thankful to sb be thankful to sb12.12.在在......前面前面前面 ahead of ahead of13.13.连同，除连同，除连同，除......以外还以外还以外还 along with along with14.14.对对.. .. 有责任，负责任有责任，负责任有责任，负责任 be responsible for be responsible for15.15.出发，启程出发，启程出发，启程 set out set out16.16.分离，隔开分离，隔开分离，隔开 separate from separate from17.17.帮助解决问题的朋友帮助解决问题的朋友帮助解决问题的朋友 a friend helping me with a problem a friend helping me with a problem18.18.符合严厉老师的标准符合严厉老师的标准符合严厉老师的标准 meet the standards of a strict teacher meet the standards of a strict teacher19.19.射入两个球射入两个球射入两个球 score two goals score two goals20.20.弹奏电子琴弹奏电子琴弹奏电子琴 play the keyboard play the keyboard21.21.休息一下休息一下休息一下 take a break take a break22.22.教学方法教学方法教学方法 teaching methods teaching methods23.23.给了明确的指导给了明确的指导给了明确的指导 give really clear instructions give really clear instructions24.24.对对.. .. 耐心耐心耐心 be patient with be patient with25.25.解出答案解出答案解出答案 work out the answers work out the answers26.26.下更大的功夫下更大的功夫下更大的功夫 put in more effort put in more effort27.27.去购物去购物去购物 go shopping go shopping 28.28.准时上早读准时上早读准时上早读 on time for morning reading on time for morning reading29.29.为为....做准备做准备做准备 prepare for prepare for30.30.英语成绩差英语成绩差英语成绩差 get poor grades in English get poor grades in English31.31.在在....方面有问题方面有问题方面有问题 have problems with have problems with32.32.在在.. .. 的帮助下的帮助下的帮助下 with one,s help with one,s help33.33.在年末在年末在年末 at the end of the year at the end of the year34.34.期盼期盼期盼 look forward to doing look forward to doing35.35.取得商业学位取得商业学位取得商业学位 get a business degree get a business degree36.36.接受邀请接受邀请接受邀请 accept the invitation accept the invitation37.37.参加毕业典礼参加毕业典礼参加毕业典礼 attend the graduation ceremony attend the graduation ceremony 38.38.精力充沛，渴求知识精力充沛，渴求知识精力充沛，渴求知识 full of energy and thirsty for knowledge full of energy and thirsty for knowledge 39.39.对未来充满希望对未来充满希望对未来充满希望 full of hope for the future full of hope for the future40.40.放弃放弃放弃 give up give up41.41.分道扬镳分道扬镳分道扬镳 go your separate way go your separate way42.42.分离，与分离，与分离，与......分开分开分开 separate from separate from二、中考知识点二、中考知识点1. remember doing 记得做过某事记得做过某事remember to do 记着要做某事记着要做某事如：如：I remember meeting her at a party once.I remember meeting her at a party once.我记得曾经在一个聚会上见过她。
5.人教新目标中考英语重点知识点归纳(记忆版)
重点知识点归纳--中考精华版（人教新目标）1.What's this in English？这个用英语怎么说？【考点精讲】(1)What是疑问词，意为“什么”，经常用来提问姓名、物品、颜色、各种号码、干什么以及身份或职业等。
eg：What is your name？你叫什么名字？What color is it？它是什么颜色的？(2)in English意为“用英语”，“in＋某种语言”意为“用……语言”。
eg：in Chinese用汉语in Japanese用日语2、Excuse me，Grace.Is this your pencil？打扰了，格雷丝。
这是你的铅笔吗？【考点精讲】(1)Excuse me是会话时常用的客套话，常用在句首，有“劳驾；请问；请原谅；对不起，打扰了”等意思。
它常用于以下几种场合：①当你要向他人询问一件事时；②当你有事请他人帮忙时；③当你向别人问路时。
eg：Excuse me.Can you help me，please？劳驾。
请你帮我一下好吗？【拓展】◆Sorry.是I'm sorry.的省略形式，是说错话、做错事、认错人等之后向对方致歉的用语，其答语通常是That's all right/Not at all/Never mind/It doesn't matter.等。
eg：—I'm sorry，I'm late.对不起，我迟到了。
—That's all right.没关系。
◆Pardon是I beg your pardon的省略形式，常用于正式的场合，当做错了事向别人道歉，意为“请你原谅”；当没听清对方的话，请求重复时，意为“请再说一遍”。
eg：—May I ask you a question？我可以问你一个问题吗？—Pardon？请再说一遍。
(2)Is this…？常用来询问近处的物或人，意为“这是……吗？”而Is that…？则是询问远处的物或人，意为“那是……吗？”。
人教新目标中考英语常用语法知识——动词知识点总结(含答案解析)
一、选择题1．—Where is Tom?—He is playing football ___________ the playground.A．of B．to C．on D．from C解析：C【解析】句意：——Tom在哪里？——他正在操场上踢足球。
考查介词辨析。
A. of…的；B. to到；C. on在…之上；D. from来自、从。
由题干可知考查固定词组on the playground表示在操场上，故答案选C。
2．The bird’s singing came into my room ______ the window and woke me up in the early morning.A．down B．from C．through D．across C解析：C【解析】【详解】句意：鸟儿的歌声透过窗户进入我的房间，一大早就把我吵醒了。
本题可用“语境分析法”解答。
down“沿着；向下”；from“来自”；through“（从物体内部或空间）穿过”；across“（从物体表面）穿过”。
由句意“鸟的歌声从窗户传进我的房间……”可知选C。
3．Although he wa s ____________ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own. A．against B．on C．for D．in A解析：A【解析】试题分析：句意：虽然老教授反对我的意见，但是他没有提出自己的观点。
against 反对，违背的意思， on表示在……上，in表示在……内，不能和opinion构成固定搭配，而for my opinion 可以翻译为赞成我的意见，结合后句的转折，故选A。
考点：考查介词的用法。
4．Jiangsu Development Summit was open _____ May 20th in Nanjing.A．on B．in C．at D．by A解析：A【解析】句意：江苏发展峰会于5月20日在南京开幕。
中考英语 考点练习40 词汇运用 人教新目标版
中考英语考点练习40 词汇运用人教新目标版一、根据句意及汉语提示写单词。
1．Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success (成功)．2．It's nice of you to provide us with the valuable (有价值的) information.3．The book I want is right at the bottom (底部) of the shelf.4．Both of the jackets look nice on me.I can't decide which one to choose (选择)．5．He received four years of normal (正规的) education at college.6．The unexpected(出乎意料的) rain dropped down over and over again in the city of Urumqi from June 7th to June 17th.7．Could you please tell us about the four great inventions (发明) of China?8．He's already fed (喂养) his pet dog.9．My grandfather is interested in collecting (收集) old coins.10．After the sudden earthquake，most of us were awake (醒着) all the night.二、根据句意及首字母提示写单词。
1．The meeting will last four days，from Monday to Thursday．2．Would you please make a shopping list for the picnic?3．Please send me an email as soon as possible．4．I'll invite some good friends to come to my birthday party this Sunday.5．My watch doesn't work.Can you repair it for me?6．It is a pity that the weather is so bad today.We can't go to a picnic.7．You should always knock at the door before you enter a room.8．Close the window or the wind will blow everything off my desk.9．The young woman is very brave．She is not afraid of anything.10．It's very polite to say “Thank you” when someone helps you.三、根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。
人教新目标中考英语常用语法知识——情态动词知识点总结(含答案解析)
一、选择题1．Please let me ________you if you meet trouble.A．help B．to help C．helps D．helping A解析：A【解析】【详解】句意：如果你遇到困难请让我帮助你。
考查固定搭配。
help动词原形；to help动词不定式；helps动词三单；helping动名词。
分析句子可知，此处用于let sb. do sth.结构中，所以用动词原形，故选A。
2．Don’t ________ your glass too _______.A．fill; full B．fill; filled C．full; full D．full; filled A解析：A【解析】【分析】【详解】句意：不要把你的杯子倒得太满。
考查动词和形容词辨析。
fill填充，动词；full满的，形容词。
本句是否定祈使句，前空需用动词，full是形容词，可排除CD两项。
后句too （太）是形容词，修饰形容词或副词。
根据句意语境，可知选A。
3．Don’t________ in the classroom. It’s important ________ quiet when you study. A．talk, keep B．to talk, keep C．talk, to keep D．to talk, to keep C 解析：C【解析】【详解】句意：不要在教室里交谈。
当你学习的时候保持安静是重要的。
talk交谈，原形；to talk交谈，动词不定式；keep保持；原形；to keep保持，动词不定式。
第一空是否定祈使句，其结构是Don’t+动词原形。
排除BD；It’s important+to do sth.表示做某事是重要的。
排除A。
根据题意，故选C。
【点睛】祈使句的否定结构是以“Don”t＋动词原形”开头.例如：Don”t go there,please．请别去那儿.Don”t be late．不要迟到.4．Mike, __________ make any noise, your father is sleeping.A．not B．don't C．won't D．can't B解析：B【解析】【详解】句意：麦克，不要吵闹，你父亲正在睡觉。
初中新目标英语中考总复习英语版动词+doing和+to do
初中新目标英语中考总复习英语版动词+to do 和动词+doing 句型总结一、带动词ing形式1.keep doing2.keep sb. Doing3.practise doing sth.4.enjoy doing5.finish doing6.be afraid of doing7.be busy doing8.look forward to doing9.how about doing、./what about doing10.spend some time (in)doing11.spend some money (in) buying12.feel like doing13.stop/keep/prevent … from doing14.thank sb for doing15.thanks for doing16.dosomecooking/cleaning/reading/shopping/washing 17.goswimming/fishing/shopping/skating/boating18.mind doing19.can’t help doing20.consider doing21.have fun doing sthhave difficulty doing sthhave trouble doing sthhave problem doing sth22.waste time/money doing23.instead of doing 24.miss doing25.hold on to doing26.pay attention to doing27.suggest doing28.It’s time for doing29.There is sb doing sth30.be used to doing sth31.be used for doing sth32. have a lot of experience33. sb allow doing sth34. put off doing sth35. succeed in doing sth36. end up doing37. give up doing38.二．含有不带to的动词不定式句型：1.had better (not) do sth.2.would you please (not) do sth3.why not do sth.4.why don’t you do sth.5.Shall we do sth.?6.let sb do sth.7.make sb. do sth. have sb do sth8.feel sb do sth三、含有带to的动词不定式句型：1.It’s time to do sth.2.It takes sb. some time to do sth3.tell/ ask/ want/encourage/invite/ sb. todo sth.4.Would you like to do sth.?5.It’s good/bad to do sth6.It’s good/bad for sb.to do sth.7.be +adj.+ enough to do sth.8.sb. is ready to do sth.9.It’s + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.10.It’s + adj.+ of sb. to do sth11.would like/love /decide/want/wish/to dosth.12.would like/love sb. to do sth.13.Prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.14.how/ when/where/whether to do sth15.can’t wait to do16.too … to do …17.be afraid /ready/able/sure to do18.It’s time to do sth19.My job is to do sth20.My dream is to do sth21.My hobby is to do sth22.refuse to do sth23.warn sb to do sth24.pretend to do sth25..teach/learn to do sth26.need to do sth27.be willing to do sth28..try to do sth29.try one’s best to do sth30.agree to do sth31.seem to do sth32.plan to do sth /make a plan to do sth33.in order to do sth34.have a chance to do sth35.find it +adj + for sb to do sth36.have sth to do37.There is sth for sb to do38.be anxious to do39.afford to do sth40.两个动作连用，表目的ed to do sth42.be used to do sth43.be supposed to do sth44.allow sb to do sth45.sb be allowed to do sth46.the best way is to do sth47.the next step is to do sth48.have nothing to do with49.the first thing is to do sth50.it’s best to do sth51.it’s a good time to do sth52.it is a good way to do sth53.add to do54.urge sb to docate sb to do56.wait for sb to do57.order sb to do58.happen to do sth59.lead sb to do sth60.it’ a good place to do sth61.invite sb to do62.get to do sth63.expect to do64.volunteer to do sth 65.offer to do sth66.have an opportunity to do67.get sb to do sth68.it’s one’s duty to do sthe sth to do sth70.be sure to do sth71.have to do sth72.be able/unable to do sth四、既用带to的动词不定式又用ing形式的句型：1.stop to do/ doing2.forget to do/ doing3.remember to do/doing4.go on to do/doing5.like to do/doing6.love to do/doing7.prefer to do/doing8.hate to do/doing五、下列结构用带to的动词不定式和ing形式含义相同：、1..begin to do/doing2.start to do/doing3.continue to do/doing4.take turns to do/doing六、既用不带to的动词不定式又用现在分词的句型：用不带to的动词不定式强调动作的完成过程；用现在分词强调动作的进行状态。
中考英语 八上 Units 12(考点精讲+考点跟踪突破+13年中考试题示例)课件 人教新目标版
第五页，共25页。
句型(jù xínɡ)展示
1．—How often does he exercise？他多久锻炼一次？ —He exercises two or three times every week.他每周锻炼两到 三次。 2．Eat less and take more exercise.少吃多锻炼。 3．—What's the matter with you？/What's wrong with you？你 怎么了？ —I have a headache．我头痛。 4．He hardly ever watches TV.他几乎不看电视。 5．It's important to eat healthy food.吃健康食物是很重要的。 6．There is something wrong with my computer.我的电脑 (diànnǎo)有问题。 7．You should drink more water.你应该多喝水。
第七页，共25页。
常考词汇(cíhuì) 1．hardly 【特别关注】 I hardly ever exercise.我几乎不锻炼。 There is hardly any food in the fridge.冰箱里几乎没有食物 了。 【拓展精析】 hardly副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，表示否定意义，其 同义短语为almost not。通常(tōngcháng)用在形容词、副词或 动词之前。 注意：hardly不是hard的副词形式。hardly表示频率，常与 ever连用。其他表示频率的词还有：never从不，sometimes有 时，often经常，usually通常(tōngcháng)，always总是。 【活学活用】 1)—How is Susan？(2012，南京)
2012新目标(Go for it)版初中英语九年级(全一册)全册教案
通过两个小活动，使语言知识运用到实际交流中。
板
书
设
计
Unit 1 How do you study for a test?
Section A
The First Period
1. Ways of studying:
Make similar conversation by oneself.
Work in pairs to present their conversations.
Work in groups.
Interview.
通过师生对于假期的对话，在轻松的氛围中为本课的学习掀开了序幕。
为听力做铺垫。
检测学生的听力水平。
II. 1a
1.Check the answers, after checking, read the ways to the students and ask students to put up their hands to show which things they checked. Count the numbers.
Get different students to read the answers to the class.
Point to the checked questions in Activity 2a.
Play the recording
Check the answers with the whole class.
I. Language Study
Teacher writes the pattern on the blackboard:
新目标英语九年级上第一单元知识点汇总
新目标英语九年级上第一单元知识点汇总Unit 1 How can we become good learners?1.by reading the textbook［解析］watch/read/see/look at“看"法不同【记】the picture. Can you see the man in the picture?He isn ' t the book. He is TV.2.by asking the teacher for help【解析】ask for请求，要某物ask sb. about sth⑴ask sb. for help (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth向某人询问关于某事【2013 d匕京中考】Our teacher often asks us questions in groups.A. discussB. to discussC. discussingD. discussed3.I study by working with a group.我通过小组研究。
【剖析】by/with/in/on"用"法分歧♦by的用法：⑴by doing sth通过・・方式by studying with a groupHow开首的问句，透露表现“如何做”。
【注】介词短语作体式格局状语，回覆以①I study English by(listen) to the tapes②Tom learns Chinese by(watch) Chinese movies.③--did you get there?- By a taxi.A. How; takingB. How ; takeC. How; tookD. What; taking(2) by+交通工具(交通工具前不能加限定词)♦with的用法：表示用某种工具⑴with +工具We like to write with a pen.(2)with+eyes.♦in的用法：平日与“穿着、声音、誊写资料”等称号连用in+语言in English用英语speak in a soft voice♦on的用法：on +电器或序言on TV /radio/Internet()The boy was cutting a branch of a tree a knife.A. inB. byC. withD. use4.Do you learn English by watching videos?by bike by train人体部位We see with our【解析】learn—learned/learnt—learned/learnt v研究learn about相识(1)learn from sb.(2)learn to do sth向某人研究学着做某事(3)learn…by oneself= teach oneself自学⑴aloud adv“出声"，指出声能让人听见，但声音不大read aloud大声朗读(2) loud adj./adv作副词时，常与speak, talk, laugh等连用。
中考复习新目标英语动词
考点知识精讲
强化训练
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知识点二 系动词
系动词的词义不完整，须与表语一起才能构成谓语。常用的系动词有 be, look, become, turn, taste, smell, go, grow, feel, get, sound, stay 等，详细情况分析如下： 1．be 动词 (1)be 动词包括 am, is, are。am 适用于主语是 I 的情形， is 适用于主语是第三人称单数 时，其他人称都用 are。
答案：C
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(2)主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(物)。 She teaches us Chinese. 她教我们中文。 He gave me a box of chocolates. 他给了我一盒巧克力糖。 (3)主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语。 We must keep the classroom clean. 我们必须保持教室干净。(形容词 clean 作宾语补足语) You shouldn't let him go out. 你不应该让他出去。(go out 作宾语补足语)
注意代词作宾语时必须放在动词后、副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词前后均可。
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(3)动词＋副词＋介词 Let's go on with the work.让我们继续这项工作吧。 He gets along well with his classmates. 他与他的同学们相处得很好。
注意宾语与宾语补足语之间往往要有逻辑上的主谓宾或主系表关系。如 “We must keep the classroom clean.”中的 the classroom 和 clean 之间的关系为主系表关系： The classroom is clean.
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新目标英语中考考点全部汇总 1.宾语从句 2.状语从句 3定语从句 4.wish和hope 5.thanks for和thanks to 6.感官动词用法之一 7.感官动词用法之二 8.find和think部分用法 9.would like / want / feel like 10.词序易错的短语 11.对“评价”“天气”提问之区别 12.take, cost, pay, spend区别 13.双宾结构 14.部分词作连词与介词 15.动词ed / ing作形容词用法之一 16.动词ed / ing作形容词用法之二 17.动词ing和带to不定式作主语 18.later / after / ago / before 19.四季 20.月 21.星期 22.“也” 23.带to不定式用法之一 24.(a) little / (a) few 25.及物动词+副词 26.as……as用法 27.prefer用法 28. some-, any-, every-用法 29.动词时态和形式 30.if / whether区别 31.因为 32.表推测 33.so与such区别 34.so的另两个用法 35.neither / nor用法之一 36.keep, make, get, have用法 37.used短语 38. through / past / across 区别 39.the number of / a number of 40.延续性动词 41.all / each / both / none / either / neither 42.计量表达法 43. Must I / May I / Need I „? 用法 44.hundred / thousand / million / billion 45.反意疑问句 46.put on, wear, dress, in 47.虚拟语气部分用法 48. other(s) / the other(s) / another 49.how long / often / soon / far 50.分数表达 51.到达 52.感叹句 53.because/ instead / out (of) 用法 54.too much, too many与much too 55. alone / lonely 56.belong to与be 57.by常见用法 58.部分用in的短语 59.比较级与最高级部分要点 60.talk, tell, say, speak 61.sometime(s) / some time(s) 62.need 的用法 63.do with 与deal with 64.就近原则 65.主谓一致 66.quite / such / really用法之一 67.部分用what 提问的句型 68.there be部分用法 69.常见表否定的词或短语 70.常见后接动词原形的词或短语 71.常见后接动词ing的词或短语 72.常见后接带to不定式的词或短语 73.被动语态用法 74.名词或所属格作定语 75.win与beat区别 76. 代词it / that / this / one部分用法 77.at / by the end of, in the end区别 78.have gone to/have been to / in 79.all / whole用法 80.a bit / a little区别 81.“擅长/ 不擅长”“对„有利/有害” 82. 表数量的词与短语的部分用法 83.易用错的副词 84.常用于现在完成时的词或短语 85.形容词与副词区别 86.everyday与every day 87.everyone与every one 88.none与no one 89.乘交通工具之表达 90.kind of 与kinds of 91.rain / snow / wind的常见修饰词 92.day的部分用法 93.个别名词的部分用法 94.leave的用法 95. ill与sick的区别 96.return用法 97.favourite 与own的类似结构 98.stop / start (begin) / like / forget (remember) / go on等词或短语用法 99.人称代词形式 100.基数词和序数词 101.room / space / place 102.常见国籍、人及语言的对应 103.易写错词形 104. job与work 105.with和in表示“用” 106.时刻之表达 107.be + 形 + of sb 与 for sb的区别 108. take, bring, fetch与carry 109. 条件与祈使 110. in / on / at + 时间 111. one day，someday / some day 112. missing与lost 113.常见部分名词及其修饰词 114.个别疑问句的常见否定回答 115.fun的用法 116.except / except for / besides 117.常见带to为介词的短语 118.because与why的部分用法 119.no与not的区别 120. That’s all right / All right / That’s right. 的区别 121. on表方式的用法 122.用yes与no回答时要注意的问题
不规则动词表 中学英语要点汇总 1.宾语从句：怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句？◈1 在动词后作宾语(动宾): Do you know where he comes from? 划线部分是动词know的宾语. ◈2.在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语: He asked me when we would leave. 此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语。 ◈3在介词后作宾语(介宾)：Let’s talk about how we solve this problem. ◈4在I’m sorry…, I’m afraid…, I’m sure…等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句. 宾语从句需注意的时态问题: ◈1主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。 He says (that) he will have a walk soon. （soon指将来，从句用将来时） The teacher asks who is the cleverest in the school. （暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时） I want to know who came here late this morning. （今早已过去，从句用过去时） ◈2主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。 He wondered if I would come. She told me that her son had got well. She said that she liked watching TV. We thought Jim was wrong. ◈3无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。 Mr. Li said the moon is smaller than the earth. ◈4宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈述句语序。 Could you tell me when you will get back to Wuhan?（不是will you） Do you know which sweater she is wearing? (不是is she) 2.状语从句：此处所说的状语从句用法仅包括条件(if和unless引导)状语从句和时间(when等引导,见下文)状语从句。状语从句需注意以下问题： ◈1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果), unless(除非)，when(当„的时候), as soon as(一„就„)，before, after, until, till, as(当„的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。 You may take a rest when you finish doing your work. （主句有情态动词） Could you look after my son after I leave home? （情态动词could是为了让语气委婉，并不指过去时，从句仍用一般现在时） I will go out as soon as it stops raining this afternoon. （主句是将来时） Wait for your brother at the bus station until he arrives. （主句是祈使句）
◈2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用表过去时的适当时态，如： I would give the money to the charity if I had a million dollars. When he got to the park, his classmates had left. My son ran towards me as soon as he saw me on the street. 3.定语从句：定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词，从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose 后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。 （以下所给例子凡斜体字部分均作定语从句。） She is a girl who / that is beautiful and kind-hearted. The girl who / that is tall is my sister. （以上关系词作主语，不可省略。） She is a girl (who / whom / that) I know very well. （关系词做know的宾语，可以省略。） That boy whose hair is very long is my brother. I own a bike whose price is high. (关系词whose表所属，后需接名词。前句指人，译为“这个孩子的”；后句指物，译为“这个自行车的”。） I bought a watch (which / that) I paid 100 yuan for. （指物, 作pay的宾语，可以省略。） I prefer a place which / that is clean and quiet. （关系词译为“这个地方”，主语，不可省） I prefer a place where I can live a quiet life. （关系词译为“在这个地方”，是地点副词。） I shall never forget the day when a boy helped me find my dog. （“在这一天”，是时间副词） 4.wish和hope:◈1wish既可接to do sth. 也可接sb + to do sth. 也可接that从句. I wish to spend my summer holiday in Qingdao. I wish you to join my party this Sunday. I wish (that) I could be a scientist. （注：接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气。） ◈2hope接to do sth. 或that从句. 但不接sb to do sth. I hope to receive a letter from you some day. I hope you will get well soon. I hope (that) everything goes well. （接从句时不用虚拟） 5.thanks for和thanks to: Thanks for your helping me with the work. (此句表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。) Thanks to your suggestion, I didn’t make such mistakes. (此句表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。) 6.感官动词用法之一：see, hear, listen to, watch, notice等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形或ing形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。 I heard someone knocking at the door when I fell asleep. (我入睡时有人正敲门)