高考英语阅读专项训练 1

高考阅读专项训练（1） Title and Main Idea

归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。

要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木, 更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。

找出主题句(topic sentence) 是一个有用的方法。

中心意思(main idea)通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳题目(the best title)可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。

除常见的提问以外，这种题型的提问方式还有：

The main point of the passage is ...

The passage deals mainly with ...

The passage is about ...

What does the passage mainly discuss?

What is the author's main purpose ?

Paragraph 1

What are the tallest plants in the world? Many people would say that giant redwood trees of California. Actually, the tallest plants are in the oceans. These are seaweeds that grow almost seven hundred feet tall. Compared to this height, the giant redwoods are pygmies of only four hundred feet. To get some idea of these heights, consider the Statue of Liberty. This huge figure rises only three hundred feet.

1. The passage can be entitled __________.

A. Redwoods in California

B. The Statue of Liberty

C. Seaweed

D. The Tallest Plants

Paragraph 2

We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster. To many of nature' s animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to America' s great western plains, they killed millions of bison, poisoned the prairie dogs, and shot the coyotes. All this upset the area's balance of nature. For the animals, it was worse than

a flood or earthquake.

2. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Nature Balance Itself

B. Floods and Earthquakes

C. American Settlers

D. Humans--a Disaster to Nature

Paragraph 3

At this time the state of South Carolina was having hard times. Year after year the soil had been planted to the same crop. It was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves, and the planters knew little about soil conservation. Because the soil was beginning to wear out, crops were smaller. The younger people were not satisfied to raise cotton on the poor soil of the old South. Many of them moved westward and started cotton plantations (种植园) in Alabama and Mississippi. What was more, so much cotton had been shipped to factories in England and New England that they had as much cotton as they could use. This brought the price of cotton down. More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantations, and higher and

higher prices were demanded for them. Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced. Hard times had come to South Carolina.

3. The subject of this passage is __________.

A. economic (经济的) difficulties of South Carolina

B. that the planters knew nothing about farming

C. that the soil in South Carolina was not good

D. the causes of hard times in South Carolina

4. Which of the following sentences can summarize (概括) the main idea of the passage?

A. Hard times had come to South Carolina.

B. Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced.

C. The soil was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves.

D. More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantations. Paragraph 4

When a piece of paper burns, it is completely changed. The ash that is left behind does not look like the original piece of paper. When dull-red rust appears on a piece of tinware (锡制品), it is quite different from the gleaming tin. The tarnish that forms on silverware is a new substance unlike the silver itself. Animal tissue (组织) is unlike the vegetable substance from which it is made. A change in which the original substance is turned into a different substance is called a chemical change.

5. The author writes this passage to tell us _________.

A. how paper burns

B. that dull-red on tinware is unlike tin itself

C. that animal tissue is different from plant's

D. what a chemical change is

Paragraph 5

One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin saved thousands of lives. In the First World War, for example, pneumonia was responsible for eighteen percent of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than one percent. In addition, penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing process of those wounds that did become infected.

6. which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. A Dangerous Weapon

B. Guns in the Second World War

C. A Terrible Pneumonia

D. An Important Drug

Paragraph 6

Mr. Brown, a shopkeeper, was going to count the day' s cash takings. There was more than £300 in notes. He was about to put them in a bag. He heard a sound.

A door at the back of the room was opening. A voice shouted "Don't shout. Don't look round.

I have a gun." Mr. Brown stood still. The voice went on, "Drop that bag and the notes. Go and stand in the corner beside the safe. Keep quite still. Remember, I have a gun."

Mr. Brown was frightened. He obeyed all the robber' s orders. The robber picked up the notes and was about to go out by the door at the back of the room.

It was a quarter past six. John Taylor arrived outside that very same back door. He raised his hand and was about to knock. At that very moment the robber opened the door. He was frightened to see John there. He lost his head. He became panic-stricken. He tried to push his way past John. But John was suspicious. He blocked the robber' s way. There was a fight.

Mr. Brown heard the fight. He forgot his fear, turned round and rushed from his corner. He