2015年天津大学二外日语真题解析,考研心态,考研真题,考研经验,真题解析
2025年考研英语真题(二)及参考答案
2025年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)(科目代码：204)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)There are many understandable reasons why you might find it difficult to ask for help when you need it.Psychologists have been interested in this1for decades,not least because people’s widespread2to ask for help has led to some high-profile failures.Asking or help takes3.It involves communicating a need on your part-there’s something you can’t do.4,you’re broadcasting your own weaknesses which can be5.You might worry about coming across as incompetent. You might have6about losing control of whatever it is you’re asking for help with.7someone starts to help,perhaps they’ll take over,or get credit for your earlier efforts.Yet another8that might be worried about is being a nuisance or9the person you go to for help.If you struggle with low self-esteem,you might find it especially difficult to10for help because you have the added worry of the other person11 your request.You might see such refusals as implying something12about the status of your relationship with them.To13these difficulties,try to remind yourself that everyone needs help sometimes.Nobody knows everything and can do everything all by themselves.And while you might14coming across as incompetent,there’s actually research that shows that advice-seekers are15as more competent,not less.Perhaps most encouraging of all is a paper from2022by researchers at Stanford University that involved a mix of contrived help-seeking interactions and asking people to16times they’d sought help in the past.The findings showed that help-seeker generally underestimate how17other people will be to help and how good it’ll make the help-giver feel(for most people,having the chance to help someone is highly18).So,bear all this in mind the next time you need to ask for help19,take care over who you ask and when you ask them.And if someone can’t help right now, avoid talking it personally.They might just be too20,or they might not feel confident about their ability to help.1.[A]illusion[B]discussion[C]tradition[D]question2.[A]reluctance[B]ambition[C]tendency[D]enthusiasm3.[A]attention[B]talent[C]courage[D]patience4.[A]At any time[B]In other words[C]By all means[D]On the contrary5.[A]unrealistic[B]deceptive[C]tiresome[D]uncomfortable6.[A]doubts[B]concerns[C]suggestions[D]secrets7.[A]Once[B]Unless[C]Although[D]Before8.[A]theory[B]choice[C]factor[D]context9.[A]overpraising[B]outperforming[C]reassessing[D]inconveniencing10.[A]reach out[B]settle down[C]turn over[D]look back11.[A]declining[B]considering[C]criticising[D]evaluating12.[A]unnecessary[B]negative[C]strange[D]impractical13.[A]explain[B]identify[C]predict[D]overcome14.[A]deny[B]forget[C]miss[D]fear15.[A]disguised[B]perceived[C]followed[D]introduced16.[A]read[B]classify[C]analyse[D]compare17.[A]brave[B]surprising[C]willing[D]demanding18.[A]relaxing[B]disappointed[C]rewarding[D]hesitant19.[A]Thus[B]Also[C]Finally[D]Instead20.[A]polite[B]proud[C]busy[D]lazySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1U.S.customers historically tipped people they assumed were earning most of their income via tips,such as restaurant servers earning less than the minimum wage.In the early2010s,a wide range of businesses started processing purchases with iPads and other digital payment systems.These systems prompted customers to tip for services that were not previously tipped.Today’s tip requests are often not connected to the salary and service norms that used to determine when oud how people tip.Customers in the past nearly always paid tips after receiving a service,such as at the conclusion of a restaurant meal,after getting a haircut or once a pizza was delivered.That timing could reward high-quality service and give workers an incentive to provide it.It’s becoming more common for tips to be requested beforehand.And new tipping technology may even automatically add tips.The prevalence of digital payment devices has made it easier to ask customers for a tip.That helps explain why tip requests are creeping into new kind of services.Customers now routinely see menus of suggested default options-often well above70%of what they owe.The amounts have risen from10%or less in the 1950s to15%around the year2000to20%or higher today.This increase is sometimes called tipflation---the expectation of ever-higher tip amounts.Tipping has always been a vital source of income for workers in historically tipped services,like restaurants,where the tipped minimum wage can be as low as US$2.13an hour.Tip creep and tip flation are now further supplementing the income of many low-wage service workers.Notably,tipping primarily benefits some of these workers,such as cooks and dishwashers.To ensure that all employees were paid fair wages,some restaurants banned tipping and increased prices,but this movement toward no-tipping services has largely fizzled out.21.According to paragraph1,the practice of tips in the U.S..[A]was regarded by many customers as a sign of generosity[B]was considered essential for waiters[C]was a way of rewarding diligence[D]was optional in most businessespared with tips in the past,today’s tips.[A]are paid much less frequently[B]are less often requested in advance[C]have less to do with service quality[D]contributed less to workers’income23.Tip requests are creeping into new kind of service as a result of________.[A]the advancement of technology[B]the desire for income increase[C]the diversification of business[D]the emergence of tip flation24.The movement toward to no-tipping service was intended to________.[A]promote consumption[B]guarantee income fairness[C]maintain reasonable prices[D]enrich income sources25.It can be learned from the last paragraph that tipping.[A]is becoming a burden for customers[B]helps encourage quality service[C]is vital to business development[D]reflects the need to reduce pricesText2When it was established,the National Health Service was visionary:offering high-quality,timely care to meet the dominant needs of the population it served. Nearly75years on,with the country facing very different health challenges,it is clear that model is out of date.From life expectancy to cancer and infant mortality rates,we are lagging behind many of our peers.With more than6.8million on waitlists,healthcare is becoming increasingly inaccessible for those who cannot opt to pay for private treatment;and the cost of providing healthcare is increasingly squeezing out investment in other public services.As demand for healthcare continues to grow,pressures on the workforce–which is already near breaking point–will only become more acute.The OBR now describes healthcare spending as the“largest–and most likely–source of long-term risk to fiscal sustainability”.Many of the answers to the crisis in health and care are well rehearsed.We need to be much better at reducing and diverting demand on health services,rather than simply managing it.Much more needs to be invested in communities and primary care to reduce our reliance on hospitals.And capacity in social care needs to be greater,to support the growing number of people living with long-term conditions.Yet despite two decades of strategies and a number of major health reforms,we have failed to make meaningful progress on any of these aims.That is why Reform is launching a new programme of work entitled“Reimagining health”,supported by ten former health ministers from across the three main political parties.Together,we are calling for a much more open and honest conversation about the future of health in the UK,and an“urgent rethink”of the hospital-centric model we retain.This must begin with the question of how we maximise the health of the nation, rather than“fix”the NHS.It is estimated,for example,that healthcare accounts for only about20%of health outcomes.Much more important are the places we live, work and socialise–yet there is no clear cross-government strategy for improving these social determinants of health.Worse,when policies like the national obesity strategy are scrapped,taxpayers are left with the hefty price tag of treating the illnesses,like diabetes,that result.Reform wants to ask how power and resources should be distributed in our health system.What health functions should remain at the centre,and what should be devolved to local leaders,often responsible for services that create health,and with a much better understanding of the needs of their populations?26.According to the first two paragraphs,the NHS.[A]is troubled by funding deficiencies[B]can hardly satisfy people’s needs[C]can barely retain its current employees[D]is rivalled by private medical services27.One answer to the crisis in health and care is to.[A]boost the efficiency of hospitals[B]lighten the burden on social care[C]increase resources for primary care[D]reduce the pressure on communities28.“Reimagining health”is aimed to.[A]reinforce hospital management[B]readjust healthcare regulations[C]restructure the health system[D]resume suspended health reforms29.To maximise the nation’s health,the author suggests.[A]introducing relevant taxation policies[B]paying due attention to social factors[C]reevaluating major health outcomes[D]enhancing the quality of healthcare30.It can be inferred that local leaders should.[A]exercise their power more reasonably[B]develop a stronger sense of responsibility[C]play a bigger role in then health system[D]understand people’s health needs betterText3Heat action plans,or HAPs,have been proliferating in India in the past few years.In general,a HAP spells out when and how officials should issue heat warnings and alert hospitals and other institutions.Nagpur’s plan,for instance,calls for hospitals to set aside“cold wards”in the summer for treating heatstroke patients,and advises builders to give construction laborers a break from work on very hot days.But implementation of existing HAPs has been uneven,according to a report from the Centre for Policy Research.Many lack adequate funding,it found.And their triggering thresholds often are not customized to the local climate.In some areas, high daytime temperatures alone might serve as an adequate trigger for alerts.But in other places,nighttime temperatures or humidity might be as important a gauge of risk as daytime highs.Mumbai’s April heatstroke deaths highlighted the need for more nuanced and localized warnings,researchers say.That day’s high temperature of roughly36℃was 1℃shy of the heat wave alert threshold for coastal cities set by national meteorological authorities.But the effects of the heat were amplified by humidity—an often neglected factor in heat alert systems-and the lack of shade at the late-morning outdoor ceremony.To help improve HAPs,urban planner Rajashree Kotharkar’s team is working on a model plan that outlines best practices and could be adapted to local conditions.Among other things,she says,all cities should create a vulnerability map to help focus responses on the populations most at risk.Such mapping doesn’t need to be complex,Kotharkar says.“A useful map can be created by looking at even a few key parameters.”For example, neighborhoods with a large elderly population or informal dwellings might be poorer with heat could get special warnings or be bolstered with cooling centers.The Nagpur project has already created a risk and vulnerability map,which enabled Kotharkar to tell officials which neighborhoods to focus on in the event of a heat wave this summer.HAPs shouldn’t just include short-term emergency responses,researchers say, but also recommend medium-to long-term measures that could make communities cooler.In Nagpur,for example,Kotharkar’s team has been able to advise city officials about where to plant trees to provide shade.HAPs could also guide efforts to retrofit homes or modify building regulations.“Reducing deaths in an emergency is good target to have,but it’s the lowest target,”says climate researcher Chandri Singh.31.According to Paragraph1,Nagpur’s plan proposes measures to________.[A]tackle extreme weather[B]ensure construction quality[C]monitor emergency warnings[D]address excessive workloads32.One problem with existing HAPs is that they.[A]prove too costly to be implemented[B]lack localized alert-issuing criteria[C]give delayed responses to heat waves[D]keep hospitals under great pressure33.Mumbai’s case shows that India’s heat alert systems need to.[A]include other factors besides temperature[B]take subtle weather changes into account[C]prioritize potentially disastrous heat waves[D]draw further support from local authorities34.Kotharkar holds that a vulnerability map can help.[A]prevent the harm of high humidity[B]target areas needing special attention[C]expand the Nagpur project’s coverage[D]make relief plans for heat-stricken people35.According to the last paragraph,researchers believe that HAPs should________.[A]focus more on heatstroke treatment[B]apply for more government grants[C]invite wider public participation[D]serve a broader range of purposesText4Navigating beyond the organised pavements and parts of our urban spaces, desire paths are the unofficial footprints of a community,revealing the unspoken preferences,shared shortcuts and collective choices of humans.Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces,these routes of collective disobedience cut corners,bisect lawns and cross hills,representing the natural capability of people and,animals,to go from point A to point B most effectively.Urban planners interpret desire paths as more than just convenient shortcuts;they offer valuable insights into the dynamics between planning and behaviour.Navigating beyond the organised pavements and parks of our urban spaces, desire paths are the unofficial footprints of a community,revealing the unspoken preferences,shared shortcuts and collective choices of humans.Often appearing as trodden dirt tracks through otherwise neat green spaces,these routes of collective disobedience cut corners,bisect lawns and cross hills,representing the natural capability of people(and animals)to go from point A to point B most effectively.Urban planners interpret desire paths as more than just convenient shortcuts;they offer valuable insights into the dynamics between planning and behaviour.Ohio State University allowed its students to navigate the Oval,a lawn in the centre of campus,freely,then proceeded to pave the desire paths,creating a web of effective routes students had established.Yet,reluctance persists among other planners to integrate desire paths into formal plans,citing concerns about safety,environmental impact,or primarily, aesthetics.A Reddit webpage devoted to the phenomenon,boasting nearly50,000 members,showcases images of local desire paths adorned with signs instructing pedestrians to adhere to designated walkways,underscoring the rebellious nature inherent in these human-made tracks.This clash highlights an ongoing struggle between the organic,user-driven evolution of public spaces and the desire for a visually curated and controlled urban environment.The Wickquasgeck Trail is an example of a historical desire path,created by Native Americans to cross the forests of Manhattan and move between settlements quickly.This trail,when Dutch colonists arrived,was widened and made into one of the main trade roads across the island,known at the time as de Heere Straat,or Gentlemen’s Street.Following the British assumption of control in New York,the street was renamed Broadway.Notably,Broadway stands out as one of the few areas in NYC that defies the grid-based system applied to the rest of the city,cutting a diagonal across parts of the city.In online spaces,desire paths have sparked a fascination that can approach obsession,with the Reddit page serving as a hub.Contributors offer a wide array of stories,from little-known new shortcuts to long-established alternate routes.Animal desire paths,such as ducks forging trails through frozen ponds or dogs carving direct routes in gardens,highlight the adaptability of these trails in both human and animal experiences.As desire paths criss-cross through both physical and virtual landscapes,they stand as a proof of the collective insistence on forging unconventional routes and embracing the spirit of communal choice.36.According to Paragraph1,desire paths are a result of.[A]the curiosity to explore surrounding hills[B]the necessity to preserve green spaces[C]the tendency to pursue convenience[D]the wish to find comfort in solitude37.It can be inferred that Ohio State University.[A]intends to improve its desire paths[B]leads in the research on desire paths[C]guides the creation of its desire paths[D]takes a positive view of desire paths38.The images on the Reddit web page reflect.[A]conflicting opinions on the use of desire paths[B]the call to upgrade the designing of public spaces[C]the demand for proper planning of desire paths[D]growing concerns over the loss of public spaces39.The example of the Wickguasgeck Trail illustrates.[A]the growth of New York City[B]the Dutch origin of desire paths[C]the importance of urban planning[D]the recognition of desire paths40.It can be learned from the last paragraph that desire paths.[A]reveal humans’deep respect for nature[B]are crucial to humans’mental wellbeing[C]are a human imitation of animal behaviour[D]show a shared trait in humans and animalsPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]Stay positive[B]Respect the past[C]Use channels[D]Give it time[E]Invite resistance[F]Be a salesman[G]Be humbleFive Steps to Suggesting a Change at Work That’ll Actually Get Taken Seriously Everyone wants to be that person—the one who looks at the same information as everyone else,but who sees a fresh,innovative solution.However, it takes more than simply having a good idea.How you share it is as important as the suggestion itself.Why?Because writing a new script-literally or figuratively-means that other team members will have to adapt to something new.So whether you’re suggesting a(seemingly)benign change like streamlining outdated protocol, or a bigger change like adding an hour to each workday so people can leave early on Fridays,you’re asking others to reimagine their workflow or schedule.Not to mention,if the process your scrapping is one someone else suggested,there’s the possibility of hurt feelings.To gain buy-in on an innovative,new idea,follow these steps:41________________________________________Great ideas don’t stand alone.In other words,you can’t mention your suggestion once and expect it to be adopted.To see a change,you’ll need to champion your plan and sell its merits.In addition,you need to be willing to stand up to scrutiny and criticism and be prepared to explain your innovation in different ways for various audiences.42________________________________________Sometimes it makes sense to go to your boss first.But other times,it’s useful to build a coalition among your co-workers or other stakeholders.When it works,it works great—because you’re ready for your stubborn supervisor’s pushback with answers like,“Actually,I connected with a few people in our tech department to discuss how much time these kinds of website updates would take,and they suggested they have the bandwidth.However,just be certain you can explain your end-around approach as one that built your case,rather than simply circumvented your manager.The last thing you want is for your boss to feel embarrassed he wasn’t informed—which could lead him to quash the idea before it even takes off.43________________________________________One of the biggest barriers to gaining buy-in occurs when the owner of an idea is viewed as argumentative,defensive,or close-minded.Because,let’s be honest:No one likes a know-it-all.So,if people disagree with you,don’t be indignant.Instead, listen to their concerns fully,try to understand their perspective,and include their concerns(and possible remedies)in future discussions.So,instead of saying,“Martha,our current slogan is confusing and should be updated,”you could try,“Martha raises a great point that our current slogan has a long history for our stakeholders,but I wonder if we might able to brainstorm a tagline that could build on that—and be clearer for new customers.”44________________________________________New ideas are the grandchildren of old ones.In other words,don’t throw old solutions under the bus to make your improvement stand out.Remember that in light of whatever the problem the old system solved—or,maybe,has failed to solve in recent memory—it was a great idea at the time.Appreciating the older contributions as you suggest future innovations helps bolster the credibility of your idea.45________________________________________When pitching a new idea,it’s important use the language of abundance instead of the language of deficit.Instead of saying what is wrong,broken,or suboptimal,talk about what is right,fixable,or ideal.For example,try,“I can see lots of applications for this new approach”rather than,“This innovation is the only way.”Be optimistic but realistic,and you will stand out.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)You know the moment---the conversation slows,then there’s a pause.It’s awkward,and so awkward that some people will panic and say anything.Do we all find such silences so stressful?Researchers analysed the frequency and impact of gaps greater than2seconds during conversations,including an overview of previous studies which indicate that the fear of awkward silences can be so extreme that people avoid talking to strangers,even though doing so is likely to be an enjoyable experience.During conversations with short gaps,people feel more connected to their conversation partners.But such feeling of connection markedly dip when entering a long gap.Long gaps between strangers are likely to be followed by a change in topic.But the opposite seems to be true for conversations between friends.Long gaps there saw increased connection.Between friends,longer gaps seem to provide natural moments for reflection and expression.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions：Suppose you are planning a short play based on a classic Chinese novel.Write your friend John an e-mail to.1)introduce the play and2)invite him take part in itYou should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.(10points).Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2025年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案Section I Use of English1.[D]question2.[A]reluctance3.[C]courage4.[B]In other words5.[D]uncomfortable6.[B]concerns7.[A]Once8.[C]factor9.[D]inconveniencing10.[A]reach out11.[A]declining12.[B]negative13.[D]overcome14.[D]fear15.[B]perceived16.[A]recall17.[C]willing18.[C]rewarding19.[B]Also20.[C]busySection II Reading Comprehension Part AText121.[B]was considered essential for waiters22.[C]have less to do with service quality23.[A]the advancement of technology24.[B]guarantee income fairness25.[A]is becoming a burden for customersText226.[B]can hardly satisfy people’s needs27.[C]increase resources for primary care28.[C]restructure the health system29.[B]paying due attention to social factors30.[D]understand people’s health needs betterText331.[A]tackle extreme weather32.[B]lack localized alert-issuing criteria33.[A]include other factors besides temperature34.[B]target areas needing special attention35.[D]serve a broader range of purposesText436.[C]the tendency to pursue convenience37.[D]takes a positive view of desired path38.[A]conflicting opinions on the use of desire paths39.[D]the recognition of desire paths40.[D]show a shared trait in humans and animals Part B41.[F]Be a salesman42.[C]Use channels43.[G]Be humble44.[B]Respect the past45.[A]Stay positiveSection III Translation46.Directions:【参考译文】你知道那一刻——对话慢了下来，然后出现了停顿。
2015年考研英语真题及答案解析
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_5_
Though not biologically related, friends are as "related" as fourth cousms, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2
The findings do not simply explain people's -�1�8� to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
考研冲刺—2017年北外翻译硕士日语考研参考书、历年真题解析、复试真题解析
北京外国语大学日语翻译硕士考研信息复习经验经验指导1、抓住重点，快速复习2、建立框架，系统复习3、明确背诵，精确记忆4、区分主次，结合热点5、模拟训练，名师批阅6、押题模考，一战封侯一、考试科目：1、思想政治理论2、翻译硕士英语3、日语翻译基础4、汉语写作与百科知识★★★★★育明教育解析：北外从15年开始取消了笔译，只招生日语口译，招生人数8人左右。
选择北外日语翻译硕士的同学要注意，北外初试就有对于二外的考查，难度也是比较大的，对于二外的选择是固定的，就是对于英语的考查，这点提醒大家在备考日语的同时不能忽视对于英语的练习，平时要多注意英语知识、英语词汇的积累。
参考书：翻译硕士英语：《新编大学英语》(1-5册），浙江大学编著，外语教学与研究出版社《新编大学英语语法》黄建滨，邵永真，外语教学与研究出版社日语翻译基础1、许钧：《翻译概论》，外语教学与研究出版社，2009年3月。
2、陆留弟：《日语口译实务2级》，外文出版社，2005年8月。
3、邱鸣：《日语口译实务3级》，外文出版社，2005年9月。
4、塚本慶一：《中国語通訳者への路》，大修館書店，2003年4月。
汉语写作与百科知识《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》（李国正）《翻译硕士真题汇编》+《翻译硕士考研手册》育明教育《中国文化读本》（叶朗）《应用文写作（第四版）》（夏晓鸣）《高考满分作文》育明教育解析：第一本太厚了，要学会开始挑重点看，也就是看上去比较符合北外出题风格的知识点。
强烈推荐《应用文写作（第四版）》（夏晓鸣），书不厚，作者语言风格比较轻松，内容涵盖了所有类型的小作文。
“公文部分”嫌看得不过瘾的，就去找《公文写作（第二版）》（白延庆）来看，这本书就像是公务员们的工具书啊！《中国文化读本》（叶朗）可以选择性的看，总结了中国文化的精髓和底蕴所在。
2016年北京外国语大学考研：日研中心试题回忆版—661日语基础一、给汉字注假名。
（２＊８＝１６）1、饒舌2、示唆3、御中4、言語道断5、歯車6、芳しい7、手薄8、最期（第一题是给出句子和划线的词语，标注假名。
2015考研英语二真题和答案及解析
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析
2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析Section I Use of English :Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her ratherordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contentsof a smart phone — a vast storehouse of digital information — is similar to, say, rifling through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they sift through the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smart phone is more like entering his or her home. A smart phone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly onerous for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant.[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized.[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of[A] disapproval.[B] indifference.[C] tolerance.[D]cautiousness.28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to[A] getting into one’s residence.[B] handling one’s historical records.[C] scanning one’s correspondences.[D] going through one’s wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed.[B] the court is giving police less room for action.[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected.[D] phones are used to store sensitive information.30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution.[C]California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution.[D]principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to[A] found.[B] marked.[C] revised.[D] stored.33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may[A] pose a threat to all its peers.[B] meet with strong opposition.[C] increase Science’s circulation.[D]set an example for other journals.34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now[A] adds to researchers’ workload.[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.[C] has room for further improvement.[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter ,Elisabeth ,spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions” Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .But “it’s us ,human beings ,we the people who create the society we want ,not profit ”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous foals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International ,shield thought ,making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking .As the hacking trial concludes – finding guilty ones-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones ,and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge –the winder issue of dearth of integrity still standstill, Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people .This is hacking on an industrial scale ,as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place .One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, wow little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired wow the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, title has become normal that well—paid executives should not beaccountable for what happens in the organizations that they run perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business–friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions—nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices.[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues.[D]the wide misuse of integrity among institutions.37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s deference[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral cote40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in exciting a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the fist A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawingon your explicit knowledge of English grammar (41) ______you begin to infer a context for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just passive assimilation but of active engagement inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and cues (42) _______Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and clocked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _______ Such background material inevitably reflects who we are, (44) _______This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page-including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns-debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it. (45)_______such dimensions of read suggest-as others introduced later in the book will also do-that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretation but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presented in the contest. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D]In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E]You make further inferences, for instance, about how the test may be significant to you, or about its validity—inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F]In plays，novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G]Rather, we ascribe meanings to test on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America.46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world.48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.“To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section IV WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.shouDo notPart B52. DirWrite a uld1) desc2) expla3) giveYou sho write the add ections: an essay of 1ribe the draw ain its intend your commeould write ne dress. (10 poi 160-200 word wing briefly ed meaning, ents eatly on ANSWints) ds based on and WER SHEET手机时代的the followin T. (20 points)的聚会g drawing. InIn your essay y you参考答案及详细解析I cloze1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what【答案】[D] what【解析】该题考查的是语法知识。
2015年考研英语一真题及答案
2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is 1 a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has 2 .The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted 3 1,932 unique subjects which 4 pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both 5 .While 1% may seem 6 , it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even 7 their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who 8 our kin.”The study 9 found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity. Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now.10 , as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more 11 it. There could be many mechanisms working together that 12 us in choosing genetically similar friends 13 “functional kinship” of being friends with 14 !One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes seem to be evolving 15 than other genes. Studying this could help 16 why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major 17 factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s 18 to befriend those of similar 19 backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to 20 that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1.[A] when [B] why [C] how[D] what2.[A] defended[B] concluded[C] withdrawn [D] advised3.[A] for [B] with [C] on[D] by4.[A] compared[B] sought [C] separated[D] connected5.[A] tests [B] objects [C] samples [D] examples6.[A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C] unreliable [D] incredible7.[A] visit [B] miss [C] seek[D] know8.[A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9.[A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10.[A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise[D] Perhaps11.[A] about [B] to [C] from [D] like12.[A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D] limit13.[A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14.[A] chances [B] responses [C] missions [D] benefits15.[A] later [B] slower [C] faster[D] earlier16.[A] forecast [B] remember [C] understand [D] express17.[A] unpredictable [B] contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18.[A] endeavor [B] decision [C] arrangement[D] tendency19.[A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20.[A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they die in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity as heads of state. And so, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history — and sometimes the way they behave today — embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchieshave largely survived because they provide a service — as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain ________.[A] used to enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] eased his relationship with his rivals[D] ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly ________.[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voters more public figures to look up to[D] due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth.[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies.[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families.[D] The nobility’s adherence to their privileges.24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles ________.[A] takes a tough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined.[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne.[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs.[D] Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats.Text 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone —a vast storehouse of digital information —is similar to, say, going through a suspect’s purse. The court has ruled that police don’t violate the Fourth Amendment when they gothrough the wallet or pocketbook of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing,” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.Americans should take steps to protect their digital privacy. But keeping sensitive information on these devices is increasingly a requirement of normal life. Citizens still have a right to expect private documents to remain private and protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on unreasonable searches.As so often is the case, stating that principle doesn’t ease the challenge of line-drawing. In many cases, it would not be overly burdensome for authorities to obtain a warrant to search through phone contents. They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while waiting for a warrant. The court, though, may want to allow room for police to cite situations where they are entitled to more freedom.But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a virtual necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme Court will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate to ________.[A] prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents[B] search for suspects’ mobile phones without a warrant[C] check suspects’ phone contents without being authorized[D] prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones27. The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of________.[A] disapproval[B] indifference[C] tolerance[D] cautiousness28. The author believes that exploring one’s phone contents is comparable to________.[A] getting into one’s residence[B] handling one’s historical records[C] scanning one’s correspondences[D] going through one’s wallet29. In Paragraphs 5 and 6, the author shows his concern that ________.[A] principles are hard to be clearly expressed[B] the court is giving police less room for action[C] citizens’ privacy is not effectively protected[D] phones are used to store sensitive information30. Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that________.[A] the Constitution should be implemented flexibly[B] new technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution[C] California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution[D] principles of the Constitution should never be alteredText 3The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors (SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Boar d of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group, says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role. He agreed to join because he “found the foresight be hind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “long overdue.”“Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he s ays, but he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and e ditors who can verify the proc ess”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the fi rst place”.31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that ________.[A] Science intends to simplify its peer-review process[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to ________.[A] found[B] marked[C] revised[D] stored33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may ________.[A] pose a threat to all its peers[B] meet with strong opposition[C] increase Science’s circulation[D] set an example for other journals34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now ________.[A] adds to researchers’ workload[B] diminishes the role of reviewers[C] has room for further improvement[D] is to fail in the foreseeable future35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect.[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks.[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science.Text 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdoch’s daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society should be profit and the market. But “it’s us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.Driving her point home, she continued: “It’s increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most dangerous goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludes —finding guilty one ex-editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same charge — the wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an industrial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defence was that she knew nothing.In today’s world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For ageneration, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructions —nor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by ________.[A] the consequences of the current sorting mechanism[B] companies’ financial loss due to immoral practices[C] governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues[D] the wide misuse of integrity among institutions37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime[B] more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking[C] Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge[D] phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions38. The author believes the Rebekah Books’s defence________.[A] revealed a cunning personality[B] centered on trivial issues[C] was hardly convincing[D] was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows________.[A] generally distorted values[B] unfair wealth distribution[C] a marginalized lifestyle[D] a rigid moral code40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph?[A] The quality of writing is of primary importance.[B] Common humanity is central in news reporting.[C] Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.[D] Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your reading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. (41) _____________________ Y ou begin to infer acontext for the text, for instance, by making decisions about what kind of speech event is involved: Who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You infer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues; (42) _____________________ Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that can be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _____________________Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) _____________________ This doesn’t, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page — including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns — debates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to some extent on our particular interest in reading it.(45) _____________________ Such dimensions of reading suggest — as others introduced later in the book will also do — that we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesn’t then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more advanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy, or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.[A] Are we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfils the requirement of a givencourse? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? W ays of reading on a train or in bed are likely to differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.[B] Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age andsocial class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.[C] If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meaning, using clues presentedin the context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.[D] In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, imageor reference might have had: These might be the ones the author intended.[E] You make further inferences, for instance, about how the text may be significant to you, orabout its validity — inferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.[F] In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters speak as constructs created by the author, notnecessarily as mouthpieces for the author’s own thoughts.[G] Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might calltextual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a text’s formal structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration — one of the great folk wanderings of history — swept from Europe to America.(46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces — the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance sm elt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. (50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You are going to host a club reading session. Write an email of about 100 words recommending a book to the club members.You should state reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address.(10 points)52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following picture. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)2015年真题答案速查Section ⅠUse of English (10 points)1-5 DBCAC6-10 ADABD11-15 BABDC 16-20 CBDCASection ⅡReading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21-25 DABDC 26-30 CAACB31-35 BBDCA36-40 ABCACPart B (10 points)41-45 CEGBAPart C (10 points)46. 在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次(移民)运动在一片荒野上建立了一个国家，并且就本质而言，塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。
完整版,2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析,推荐文档
2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析Section I Use of English :Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% o genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which__(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used inboth_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medicalgenetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehowmanage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genesfor immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,asthe team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could bemany mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similarfriends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to beevolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pacein the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those ofsimilar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from apopulation of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers,were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-electionshave forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest thatmonarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals,with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When publicopinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs canrise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuingpopularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infestedregion in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike theirabsolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allowvoters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity asthey claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today –embodiesoutdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and othereconomists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it isbizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democraticstates.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, theseare wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes itincreasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time tocome, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s r eputation with her ratherordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understandthat monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial andnon-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain[A] used turn enjoy high public support[B] was unpopular among European royals[C] cased his relationship with his rivals[D]ended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles[A] takes a rough line on political issues[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised[C] takes republicans as his potential allies[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming ThreatsText 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Court willnow consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if thephone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling particularly one thatupsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at thetime of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new andrapidly changing technologies.The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justices can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents。
天大金融硕士考研难度解析
天大金融硕士考研难度解析本文系统介绍天津大学金融硕士考研难度，天津大学金融硕士就业，天津大学金融硕士考研学费，天津大学金融硕士考研辅导，天津大学金融硕士考研参考书五大方面的问题，凯程天津大学金融硕士老师给大家详细讲解。
一、天津大学金融硕士考研难不难，跨专业的学生行不行?2015年天津大学金融硕士招生人数50人左右，招生人数较多，相对于清华、北大、中财等院校来说，天津大学金融硕士考研难度就小了很多。
据凯程从北大研究生院内部统计数据得知，天津大学金融硕士的考生中93%是跨专业考生，在录取的学生中，基本都是跨专业考的。
对这个现象凯程洛老师咨询了天津大学的老师，本身金融学本科的学生，保研的，加上出国的，加上就业的，基本上没有几个来考研的，金融学本科的就业本身就是不错的，不用冒着风险来考研。
在考研复试的时候，老师更看重跨专业学生的能力，而不是本科背景。
其次，金融硕士考试科目里，金融综合本身知识点难度并不大，跨专业的学生完全能够学得懂。
即使本科学金融的同学，专业课也不见得比你强多少（大学学的内容本身就非常浅）。
所以记住重要的不是你之前学得如何，而是从决定考研起就要抓紧时间完成自己的计划，下定决心，就全身心投入，要相信付出总会有回报。
在凯程辅导班里很多这样三凯程生，都考的不错，主要是看你努力与否。
金融学和公司理财本身难度并不是很大。
二、天津大学金融硕士就业怎么样？天津大学本身的学术氛围不错，人脉资源也不错，出国机会也不少。
2014年天津大学硕士毕业生就业率高达99.12%。
金融硕士的大潮流是挡不住的，就业是一等一的好，清华五道口和经管毕业生第一年大约20-30万每年，人大的也是在15-25之间，天津大学的预计在15-30万之间，金融硕士就业去向一般是金融机构，证券公司，投行，一行三会，国有大企业的投资金融部门，前景一片光明。
已经有毕业的学生，据统计薪水金额大约第一年在12-20万之间，第二年以后的情况得看个人在单位的发展情况了。
2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析
2015年考研英语一真题及答案详细解析2015年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题及答案详细解析Section I Use of English :Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D] disruptive18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather。
2017天津大学翻译硕士考研-2015年录取名单 学费 学制
2017天津大学翻译硕士考研-2015年录取名单学费学制学费：10000元/生学年学制：2.5年录取情况2015录取名单于*100565000104912文法学院翻译(专业学位)397180167.28马*100565000104840397178166.48赵*100565003508815401171164.64高*100565001606904388173162.32郭*100565006209741381170159.44王*100565001306334381167158.24蔡*100565014012157379168158.16尤*100565031216816377169158.08黄*100565002608252376169157.84赵*100565000104853366172156.64梁*100565010711506366172156.64王*100565019915344382162156.48马*100565001206053372168156.48陈*100565020815618372166155.68洪*100565009710827380160155.2李*100565002007433362170154.88梁*100565021115710361170154.64连*100565015612910372163154.48牛*100565009610801366166154.24马*100565016514033367165154.08刘*100565008110220365164153.2马*100565006109720374158152.96李*100565001406618359165152.16雒*100565007310060370158152王*100565003608952360163151.6孔*100565012211824359162150.96陈*100565012211823366154149.44封*100565010111143363155149.12刘*100565001907345359151146.56郑*100565000104915357152146.48马*100565001406623365147146.4洪*100565015612907360150146.4宋*100565017714531361149146.24王*100565003508816364146145.76常*100565031716857358149145.52唐* 100565033317115311140130.64少数民族骨干计划何*294133123.76 1005650001049022015年共录取37人，3人是少干，录取最高分是401，录取最低分是357分。
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1/10【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：http://www.yumingedu.com开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
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2015年天津大学考研指导育明教育，创始于2006年，由北京大学、中国人民大学、中央财经大学、北京外国语大学的教授投资创办，并有北京大学、武汉大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学复旦大学、中央财经大学、等知名高校的博士和硕士加盟，是一个最具权威的全国范围内的考研考博辅导机构。更多详情可联系育明教育孙老师。二外日语一、考试的总体要求：掌握日语基本词汇3000左右，熟练应用日语基础语法，能够准确阅读现代日语文章，具备一定的日汉和汉日的互译能力。二、考试形式与考试时间：考试形式是笔试，卷面总分100分，考试时间为180分钟。考试为闭卷考试，考试过程中不允许使用任何参考资料。三、考试试题基本分为如下四个部分：第一部分：文字与词汇（大约30分）测试考生对日语词汇及日语汉字的掌握程度。参考题型：1）根据试题上的日文假名写出对应的日文汉字；2）根据试题上的日文汉字写出对应的日文假名。第二部分：语法（大约25分）测试考生对基本日语语法（主要为日语的用言活用、助词、助动词）及短语、惯用句型等的掌握程度。参考题型：1）按要求进行用言词尾变化；2）使用相应的助词完成日语句子；3）使用相应的助动词完成日语句子；4）使用相应的短语、惯用句型等完成日语句子。第三部分：阅读理解（大约20分）测试考生的日语知识的综合运用能力以及对日语文章的阅读理解能力。参考题型：阅读日语文章然后回答相应问题。第四部分：日汉互译（大约25分）测试考生的日语语言理解与表达的综合运用能力。参考题型：1）日语句子翻译成汉语；2）汉语句子翻译成日语。2/10【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：http://www.yumingedu.com开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
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选择考研！！由此开启人生中崭新的一篇！！嶳围弹匈秤＄6-9星％政治在这阶段的复习，可以分两种情况来进行：⒈基础比较差的。在马原上要认真一些，考研政治辅导书起码要看一到两遍。同时还要抓练习选择题，这是比较有效的。但不管是做题还是看书，政治理论复习当中都要结合实际问题进行思考。⒉基础比较好的。这样的同学在政治理论课复习当中可以看辅导教材一到两遍，基础练习题挑着做一做，主要是抽出精力思考重要问题。英语考研英语的阅读应该从以下几个方面来准备：第一充足的词汇量；第二，把握文章重要信息，把握重要信息的能力，直接关系到做题的命中率。一篇文章的重要信息包括文章涉及的各主要方面以及作者的观点。考生要充分利用这些线索、达到对作者观点的准确把握。把握文章的重点信息不仅帮助考生正确地回答涉及作者观点的题，而且对整个文章的理解会起到强有力的引导作用。如果有充足的时间，阅读量达到一定程度并且在阅读的过程中进行有效的积累会对考研英语有很大的帮助。但是由于时间有限，所以要精读和泛读并举。如果不精读文章就难以有3/10【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：http://www.yumingedu.com开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
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积累，这些积累包括词汇量的扩大，尤其是重点词汇的积累；对语法结构和词语用法更熟练的掌握，尤其是把握复杂句结构的能力。通过泛读达到无形的积累包括对英语特有句式的感受即所有语感。关于英译汉部分可以在“精读文章”时得到同步解决。绝不要忽视本阶段复习的重要性，把要复习的方方面面都进行一次大的扫描，尽量做到全面、详细，讲究基础，要充分利用这段时间，完善知识体系。还必须要提醒的是如果你的英语基础不是很好，建议在自我复习的基础上选择适合自己的辅导班。数学本阶段的数学复习要把已经掌握的知识点串连成系统，要注意归纳总结，即拿到题后要知道从什么角度，可以分几步去求解，每道题并不要求都要写出完整步骤，只要思路有了，运算过程会做了，可以视情况而灵活掌握，这样省出时间来看更多的题。所选试题可以是历年真题，也可以是书上的练习题，但真题一定要做，而且要严格按照实考的要求去做，把握真题的特点和解题思路及运算步骤。
线疾援共秤＄10-11星％拼搏的大四4/10【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：http://www.yumingedu.com开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
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研究生正式报名拉开了序幕。我要想的问题真是太多太多……报考院校，报考专业，报考方向甚至导师的选择都需要思索再思索，分析再分析，衡量再衡量。思索可能的选择，分析自己在每种选择上的优势、劣势以及成功的可能性，衡量选择的利益得失。所做的选择要适合自己，要切合实际，不能盲目草率，不能想当然，毕竟这是考研路上的第一步，选择的路口至关重要，因为它可能预示着成功或失败。除了自己的志愿外，前辈的指点和专业的咨询辅导，都让我获益匪浅。经过了一系列的认真准备，我一定会走好以后的考研之路！继续努力吧！！烈呼冰券秤政治本阶段政治复习应注意的是要从整体上把握政治课特点，根据自身情况安排时间，着力弥补薄弱环节。鉴于政治课5个部分的分值不同且难易程度有差别，特别是“当代世界经济与政治”部分内容属于选做题范围，所以建议考生分类调配时间和精力进行复习。在此基础上，注意做好以下几点：⒈抓重点，按题型复习，花较少时间换取较好效果⒉找出政治课中有内在联系的知识点，注意综合复习⒊理性选择冲刺班，但关键在于自己努力英语⒈在精炼整合阶段，英语复习应该注意以下几点：⑴明确考查重点。应该从近年考研英语试卷中分析并结合考试大纲来看，这样才能得出最准确的考察重点。5/10【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：http://www.yumingedu.com开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
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⑵强化三项技能。所谓三项技能就是语法、词汇、复杂长难句。强化语法的主要工作有两方面：第一，利用较权威的语法教材，系统整理基本语法知识，形成清晰体系；第二，在复习过程中对特殊语法现象进行积累归纳，从而全面熟悉掌握。而强化词汇的重点则应放在词义辨析与搭配上，细致了解词根、词缀、近义辨析、同义比较、一般用法、固定搭配等。
⒉在精炼整合阶段，必须要有科学的计划，合理分配时间。⑴在前期复习的基础上继续练习，并且找出薄弱环节。⑵做一定量的模拟题，并且按照真正的考试来严格控制时间。每次完成模拟考试题后要仔细分析解答各题目所占的时间比例。对做题时间不足或过长的现象作合理调整，然后在今后的模拟中有意识地控制做题时间。另外，还要按照自己的个人水平，选择出一个适合自己的做题顺序。⑶要继续进行模拟练习，巩固前阶段的复习，并进一步掌握应试策略。数学在做模拟题时，应注意以下几点：⒈注意答卷时时间的分配。一定按照实考那样严格限定做题。只有平时养成良好的习惯，考试的时候才能做到心中有数。⒉数学公式必须在做题前就牢记住，这样在使用时才会得心应手。⒊举一反三，不只是为做题而做题，注意知识点之间的联系。足党䶅星线削钨椭政治⒈选择题答题技巧6/10【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：http://www.yumingedu.com开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
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选择题分为单选题和多选题，这部分题量较大，选择题覆盖面广，随机性强，任何一个学科中的任一知识点都可能出现。只有按照考纲要求和考纲规定的知识点，将知识内容全面、系统地掌握，除此之外，没有别的捷径。对一些重要的概念，不要简单地记忆、背诵，而要在理解的基础上，把学科中不同章节的概念、观点综合起来把握。选择题大量考查的是概念、观点之间的联系和区别。⒉分析题答题技巧材料分析题在近几年考研政治试卷中所占的分值比较重。考生在解答材料分析题时要注意两点：一要注重联系实际，材料归纳出来后，用相关的事实理论做依据做出分析。二是结合理论分析问题时，要尽可能全面一些。材料涉及几个点，答题时就要将这几个点答全，每个点不需要展开太多，但要把基本要点说到。解答材料题时，尤其要注意层次和逻辑，不要自相矛盾，在答案中最好把观点一一罗列出来，便于阅卷教师找到要点。分析题的答题过程一般分为以下四个步骤：⑴仔细审题。⑵解释每一个概念并写出原理的基本内容。⑶联系实际。⑷总结。⒊关于模拟题在本阶段主要以模拟考试为主要复习方法，应该在半月内作3套左右的模拟题，每套题控制在3个小时内，不能查阅资料和参考答案，要以模考形式复习，做到真正的检验自己，达到模考的效果。做完后应该用一定的时间进行总结，把不会的题目弄清楚，对生疏的知识点进一步7/10【育明教育】中国考研考博专业课辅导第一品牌官方网站：http://www.yumingedu.com开设课程：【网络函授班】【精品小班】【高端一对一】【状元集训营】【定向保录】
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的掌握。最后要注意，答题时一定要字迹清晰。英语⒈紧抓词汇复习。英语是逆水行舟，不进则退。如果在这时放弃了单词的记忆，那么无形中对单词的反应速度就会下降。所以，建议每天还是花1小时以上的时间复习单词，但注意是复习背过的单词而不是不认识的单词。现在需要做的就是提高单词的识别速度。切记，不要放弃了单词复习！⒉“细读”历年真题。建议这几天只看真题，反复做几遍，真题涵盖的词汇已足够考试用了，所以看题的同时也是最有效的复习单词的方法。同时，保持每3、4天做一套模拟题是必要的，严格按考试的时间安排，不必过分关注成绩，主要是保持一种状态和嗅觉。⒊做真题要进行错误分析。不要大量做题，而是应该保证做题的效率和成效。做真题的时候，建议至少要进行一下错误分析，即把所有做错的题目挑选出来，进行分类整理研究，找出自己错误的原因，并进行改正。这样才能真正做到有的放矢，有针对性地进行冲刺。⒋作文。在最后要背诵一些范文，还要自己写一些文章。每个类型的至少写一篇，在写时尽量能利用上背诵范文上的好词妙句。此外，一定要注意：在写作文时一定要注意把握时间，经过一段时间的训练，到了考场上才能心中词，做到游刃有余！总之在本阶段首先要戒骄戒躁，对自己的英语水平有个正确的判断，然后再找到薄弱环节，进行有针对性地复习。数学⒈要站在命题者的高度复习备考。⑴根据考试大纲掌握详细知识点。