2018年全国二卷高考题
2018年高考英语全国2卷试题
2018年高考英语全国2卷试题2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试英语试题第二部阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ASummer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/ carers will be ask ed to sign to confirm their children’s choices.Activity Description Memberof staffCostOutdoor Adventure(OUT) Take yourself out of your comfort zone for aweek, discover new personal qualities, andlearn new skills. You will be able to take partin a number of activities from canoeing towild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rockclimbing and work as a team, and enjoy thegreat outdoor environment.Mr.Clemens￡140英语试卷第 2 页共 12 页英语试卷第 3 页共 12 页carotenoids we turn into Vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who care? However, they are rich in Vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruits shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “Soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24.What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.25.Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.24.What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. Amachine.25.From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper. C. A travel brochure.CTeens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.Acc ording to the report’s key findings, “the proportion(比例) who say they英语试卷第 4 页共 12 页‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session had declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.At the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take the chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A.Children’s reading habits.B.Quality of children’s books.C.Children’s after-class activities.D.Parent-child relationships.29.Where can you f ind the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?A.In paragraph 2B. In paragraph 3C. In paragraph 4D. Inparagraph 530.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A.E-books are of poor quality.B.It could be a waste of time.C.It may harm children’s health.D.E-readers are expensive.英语试卷第 5 页共 12 页31.How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading classteachers.DWe’ve been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It is possible that we all hav e compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small ta lk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indian University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” say Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who research out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.英语试卷第 6 页共 12 页32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018年英语高考全国卷二(含答案)
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
ASummer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carer s will be asked to sign to confirm their child’s choices.21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUT.B. WBP.C. CRF.D. POT.22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?A. Travel to London.B. See a parade and fireworks.C. Tour central Paris.D. Visit the WWI battlefields.23. How long does Potty about Potter last?A. Two days.B. Four days.C. Five days.D. One week.BMany of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels fro m British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.When combined with berries of slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat ＂ice cream＂. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.zxxkIf you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a＂soft-serve＂creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.26. What is ＂a juicer＂in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.27. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper.D. A travel brochure.CTeens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings, ＂the proportion(比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.＂The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.zxxkThe most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Children’s reading habits.B. Quality of children’s books.C. Children’s after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports ＂children are reading a lot less for fun＂?A. In paragraph 2.B. In paragraph 3.C. In paragraph 4.D. In paragraph 5.30. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm children’s health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write book reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.DWe’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. ＂Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,＂he explains. ＂The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.＂In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. ＂It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,＂says Dunn. ＂But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.＂Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. ＂Small talk is the basis of good manners,＂he says.zxxk32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
《有声电影》2018年高考全国2卷小说阅读详解ppt课件
18
试题解析
■ 3、在答题的时候要指出手法，并指明效果。
■ 化用经典语句。“此之谓‘知之为知之，不知为知之’ 也”，反用其意，讽刺了二姐的不知却强以为知、自以为 是。
■ 夸张描写：二姥姥找眼镜找了一刻来钟；三舅妈翻了四只 箱子找衣服；大家打架似的推让；二姐喊卖糖的，买票的 以为是卖糖的杀了人……夸张让人忍俊不禁。
■ 4．B．在公共场所电影院观看具有私密性的“电人巨吻” 并发狂鼓掌，或是在这一场合大谈家事而心安理得，都是 作者眼中当时社会生活的怪现象。
■ “怪”包含着批判的意味，符合作者的态度。看电影“大 谈家事”而心安理得，确实是文中作者要批评的现象。
■ 观看“电人巨吻”“并发狂鼓掌”是“怪现象”却并不是 作者直接表达的，而是以“二姐”的眼光来看的，不好直 接把握，但是反面想想：作者会赞同欣赏这一现象吗？这 里用了一个词语“发狂”，显然是不赞同的。“巨吻”当 然是“私密性”的，不要被这个衍生的词语迷惑。
16
■ “她确信这个，所以根本不想去看。”由自以为是， 到不愿去看，表现了她们对新事物冷淡，缺乏兴趣， 心态封闭。出发时的种种拖沓，到了影院，电影已开 始。要和电影院吵架，找座位、让座位、谈不想干的 先天，吵嚷不停既反映出旧规矩之多，也反映出对新 事物之“淡”，更深层次的，是她们面对新事物新规 矩的进退失据。电影结束之后，满足于错误的认识， 和“有声电影”相逢，却“过门而不入”，还是沉浸 在自己的旧世界之中，自得其乐。
■ 出发了。走到巷口，一点名，小秃没影了。折回 家里，找了半点多钟，没找着。大家决定不看电影了， 找小秃更重要，把新衣裳全脱了，分头去找小秃。正 在这个当儿，小秃回来了；原来他是跑在前面，而折 回来找她们。好吧，再穿好衣裳走吧。反正巷外有的 是洋车，耽误不了。
2018年高考英语全国卷(含1卷,2卷,3卷)真题及答案(word版)
绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国1卷）英语注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A.£19.15.答案是C。
1.What will James do tomorrow?B.£9.18.C.£9.15.A.Watch a TV program.B.Give a talk.C.Write a report.2.What can we say about the woman?A.She’s generous.3.When does the train leave?A.At6:30.B.She’s curious.B.At8:30.C.She’s helpful.C.At10:30.4.How does the woman go to work?A.By car.B.On foot.C.By bike.5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and patient.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2018年英语高考全国卷二（含答案）
2018年英语⾼考全国卷⼆（含答案）绝密★启⽤前2018年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试英语（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考⽣务必将⾃⼰的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上⽆效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡⼀并交回。
第⼀部分听⼒（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录⾳内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第⼀节（共5⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下⾯5短对话，每段对话后有⼀个⼩题，从题中给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关⼩题和阅读下⼀⼩题。
每段对话仅读⼀遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.18.C. ￡9.15.1. What does John find difficult in learning German?A. Pronunciation.B. Vocabulary.C. Grammar.2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Brother and sister.C. Teacher and student.3. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a bank.B. At a ticket office.C. On a train.4. What are the speakers talking about?A. A restaurant.B. A street.C. A dish.5.What does the woman think of her interview?A. It was tough.B. It was interesting.C. It was successful.第⼆节（共15⼩题；每⼩题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下⾯5段对话或独⽩，每段对话或独⽩后有⼏个⼩题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
2018年高考英语全国2卷试题及 答案
2018年全国普通高等学校统一考试英语试题第二部阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 (共15题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
ASummer ActivitiesStudents should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/ carers will be asked to sign to confirm their children’s choices.Activity Description Memberof staffCostOutdoor Adventure (OUT)Take yourself out of yourcomfort zone for a week,discover new personalqualities, and learn newskills. You will be able totake part in a number ofactivities from canoeing towild camping onDartmoor. Learn rockclimbing and work as ateam, and enjoy the greatoutdoor environment.Mr.Clemens￡140 On Monday we travel toWWⅠBattlefields and Paris (WBP)London. After stayingovernight in London, wetravel on Day 2 tonorthern France to visitthe World WarⅠbattlefields. On day 3we cross into Belgium.Thursday sees us make theshort journey to Pariswhere we will visitDisneyland Paris park,staying until late to see theparade and the fireworks.Our final day, Friday, seesus visit central Paris andtour the main sights.Mrs. Wilson￡425Crafty foxes (CRF)Four days of productdesign centred aroundtextiles. Making lovelyobjects using recycled andmade materials. Bags,cushion and decorations…Learn skills and leavewith modern and unusualtextiles.Mrs. Goode￡30Potty about Potter (POT)Visit Warner Bros Studio,shop stop to buy picnic,stay overnight in anapproved Youth Hostel inStreatly-on-Thames,guided tour of Oxford tosee the film locations,picnic lunch outsideMiss Drake￡150Oxford's Christchurch,boating on the RiverCherwell through theUniversity Parks, beforeheading back to Exeter.21. Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?A. OUT.B. WBP.C. CRF.D.POT.22. What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?A. Travel to LondonB. see a parade and fireworks.C. Tour central Paris.D. Visit the WWI battlefields.23. How long does Potty about Potter last?A. Two days.B. Four daysC. Five daysD. One week.BMany of us love July because it’s the month when nature’s berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colorful and sweet jewels from British Columbia’s fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein(蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into Vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries(樱桃), they are so delicious who care? However, they are rich in Vitamin C.When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruits shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “Soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eatenright away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?A. They contain protein.B. They are high in vitamin A.C. They have a pleasant taste.D. They are rich in antioxidants.25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas?A. To make them smell better.B. To keep their colour.C. To speed up their ripening.D. To improve their nutrition.24. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.B. A drink.C. A container.D. A machine.25. From which is the text probably taken?A. A biology textbook.B. A health magazine.C. A research paper. C. A travel brochure.CTeens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session had declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.At the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take the chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.28. What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?A. Children’s reading habits.B. Quality of children’s books.C. Children’s after-class activities.D. Parent-child relationships.29. Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading alot less for fun”?A. In paragraph 2B. In paragraph 3C. In paragraph 4D. Inparagraph 530. Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm children’s health.D. E-readers are expensive.31. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write bookreports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers.DWe’ve been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It is possible that we all have compromisedconversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indian University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” say Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who research out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.32. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.33. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.34. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.35. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
老舍《有声电影》阅读练习及答案（2018年全国卷（II）高考）
阅读下面的文字，完成4~6题。
有声电影老舍二姐还没看过有声电影。
可是她已经有了一种理论。
在没看见以前，先来一套说法，不独二姐如此；此之谓“知之为知之，不知为知之”也。
她以为有声电影便是电机嗒嗒之声特别响亮而已。
不然便是当电人——二姐管银幕上的英雄美人叫电人——互相巨吻的时候，台下鼓掌特别发狂，以成其“有声”。
她确信这个，所以根本不想去看。
但据说有声电影是有说有笑而且有歌，她才想开开眼。
恰巧打牌赢了钱，于是大请客。
二姥姥三舅妈，四姨，小秃，小顺，四狗子，都在被请之列。
大家决定看午后两点半那一场，所以十二点动身也就行了。
到了十二点三刻谁也没动身。
二姥姥找眼镜找了一刻来钟；确是不容易找，因为眼镜在她自己腰里带着呢。
跟着就是三舅妈找钮子，翻了四只箱子也没找到，结果是换了件衣裳。
四狗子洗脸又洗了一刻多钟，总算顺当。
出发了。
走到巷口，一点名，小秃没影了。
折回家里，找了半点多钟，没找着。
大家决定不看电影了，找小秃更重要。
把新衣裳全脱了，分头去找小秃。
正在这个当儿，小秃回来了；原来他是跑在前面，而折回来找她们。
好吧，再穿好衣裳走吧，反正巷外有的是洋车，耽误不了。
二姥姥给车价还按着老规矩，多一个铜子不给。
这几年了，她不大出门，所以现在拉车的三毛两毛向她要，不是车价高了，是欺侮她年老走不动。
她偏要走一个给他们瞧瞧。
她确是有志向前迈步，不过脚是向前向后，连她自己也不准知道。
四姨倒是能走，可惜为看电影特意换上高底鞋，似乎非扶着点什么不敢抬脚。
她过去搀着二姥姥，要是跌倒的话，这二位一定是一齐倒下。
三点一刻到了电影院。
电影已经开映。
这当然是电影院不对；二姐实在觉得有骂一顿街的必要，可是没骂出来，她有时候也很能“文明”一气。
既来之则安之，打了票。
一进门，小顺便不干了，黑的地方有红眼鬼，无论如何不能进去。
二姥姥一看里面黑洞洞，以为天已经黑了，想起来睡觉的舒服；她主张带小顺回家。
谁不知道二姥姥已经是土埋了半截的人，不看回有声电影，将来见阎王的时候要是盘问这一层呢？大家开了家庭会议。
2018高考全国2卷语文及答案
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国II卷）语文注意事项：1、答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2、回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读（36分）（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成1～3题。
所谓“被遗忘权”，即数据主体有权要求数据控制者永久删除有关数据主体的个人数据，有权被互联网遗忘，除非数据的保留有合法的理由。
在大数据时代，数字化、廉价的存储器，易于提取，全球性覆盖作为数字化记忆发展的四大驱动力，改变了记忆的经济学，使得海量的数字化记忆不仅唾手可得，甚至比选择性删除所耗费的成本更低。
记忆和遗忘的平衡反转，往事正像刺青一样刻在我们的数字肌肤上；遗忘变得困难，而记忆却成了常态。
“被遗忘权”的出现，意在改变数据主体难以“被遗忘”的格局，赋予数据主体对信息进行自决控制的权利，并且有着更深的调节，修复大数据时代数字化记忆伦理的意义。
首先，“被遗忘权”不是消极地预御自己的隐私不受侵犯，而是主体能动地控制个人信息，并界定个人隐私的边界，进一步说，是主体争取主动建构个人数字化记忆与遗忘的权利，与纯粹的“隐私权”不同，“被遗忘权”更是一项主动性的权利，其权利主体可自主决定是否行使该项权利对网络上已经被公开的有关个人信息进行删除。
是数据主体对自己的个人信息所享有的排除他人非法利用的权利。
其次，在数据快速流转且难以被遗忘的大数据时代，“被遗忘权”对调和人类记忆与遗忘的平衡具有重要的意义。
如果在大数据时代不能“被遗忘”，那意味着人们容易被囚禁在数字化记忆的监狱之中，不论是个人的遗忘还是社会的遗忘，在某种程度上都是一种个人及社会修复和更新的机制，让我们能够从过去经验中吸取教训，面对现实，想象未来，而不仅仅被过去的记忆所束缚。
2018年高考全国二卷全国卷物理试题(卷)及答案解析
2018年高考全国卷Ⅱ理综试题二、选择题：本题共8 小题，每小题 6 分，共48 分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14~18 题只有一项符合题目要求，第19~21 题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得 6 分，选对但不全的得 3 分，有选错的得0 分。
14.（考点一：动能定理）如图，某同学用绳子拉动木箱，使它从静止开始沿粗糙水平路面运动至具有某一速度，木箱获得的动能一定A．小于拉力所做的功B．等于拉力所做的功C．等于克服摩擦力所做的功D．大于克服摩擦力所做的功15.（考点二：动量定理）高空坠物极易对行人造成伤害。
若一个50 g 的鸡蛋从一居民楼的25 层坠下，与地面的撞击时间约为 2 ms，则该鸡蛋对地面产生的冲击力约为A．10 N B．10 2 N C．103 N D．104 N 16．（考点三：万有引力，圆周运动）2018 年2 月，我国500 m 口径射电望远镜（天眼）发现毫秒脉冲星“J0318+0253”，其自转周期T=5.19 ms，假设星体为质量均匀分布的球体，已知万有引力常量为11 2 26.67 10 N m / kg 。
以周期T 稳定自转的星体的密度最小值约为A．9 35 10 kg / m B．12 3 5 10 kg /mC．15 35 10 kg / m D．18 3 5 10 kg / m17．(考点四：光电效应)用波长为300 nm 的光照射锌板，电子逸出锌板表面的最大初动能为 1.28 10-19 J。
已知普朗克常量为 6.63 10-34 J·s，真空中的光速为 3.00 108 m·s-1，能使锌产生光电效应的单色光的最低频率约为A．1 1014 Hz B．8 1014 Hz C．2 1015 Hz D．8 1015 Hz 18．（考点五：法拉第电磁感应定律，楞次定律）如图，在同一平面内有两根平行长导轨，导轨间存在依次相邻的矩形匀强磁场区域，区域宽度均为l,磁感应强度大小相等、方向交替向上向下。
2018年高考语文试题(全国Ⅱ卷)作文
2018年高考语文试题（全国Ⅱ卷）作文“二战”期间。
为了加强时战机的防护。
英美军方调查了作战后幸存飞机上弹痕的分布，决定哪里弹痕多就加强哪里。
然而统计学家沃德力排众议，指出更应该注意弹痕少的部位。
因为这些部位受到重创的战机，很难有机会返航，而这部分数据被忽略了。
事实证明，沃德是正确的。
要求：综合材料内容及合含，选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题，不要套作，不得抄袭；不少于800 字。
立意探究：这是一个叙事性材料作文题。
属于新材料作文，有很强的思辨性。
立意方向参考：（1）尊重客观现实，走出定势思维。
英美军方对于作战飞的弹痕分布进行调查后得出的结论是：哪里弹痕多就加强哪里，这是一种惯性思维。
人只有针对现实，具体问题具体分析，才能提出正确的方法和策略。
站在这个角度来看，该作文可以写具体问题具体分析，打破思维定势。
（2）坚守自我认知，做到以理服人。
统计学家沃德在对飞机弹痕进行分析后得出，“更应该注意弹痕少的部位”。
并且能够“力排众议”，坚持自己的观点，这种坚守自我内心的科学态度，值得学习。
（3）树立全面思维，追寻正确答案。
沃德并没有说只关注“弹痕少的部分”，而是说“更应该注意”，实质上是一种全面思考的过程，只有对问题进行了全面思考，才能接近问题真相。
（4）注重整体观念，考虑忽略内容。
现实生活中，真理往往掌握在少数人手中，任何科学的发现或许只是偶然的瞬间灵感。
而作为个体的人，往往都有“从众心理”，那么这个被忽略掉的不起眼的部分，往往会被人们一直忽视，进而和真相之间的距离越来越远。
例文欣赏：浮尘不拂，真珠难露战机防护，止于表象众人服；力排众议，透视本质获真知。
沃德借透视本质之笔，书正解之章。
故曰：浮尘不拂，真珠难露。
透过现象观本质者，往往能化曲为直，傲视群雄。
莎士比亚有言：“闪光的东西，并不都是金子，动听的语言并不都是好话。
”表面上是愚笨的顽石，其内心却可隐着光彩的珠玉；表面上是争艳的罂粟，其内心却可是害人之物。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1 绝密★启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 语文 本试卷共22题，共150分，共10页。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。 2．答题时请按要求用笔。 3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。 4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。 5．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。 第Ⅰ卷阅读题 一、现代文阅读（35分） （一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分） 所谓“被遗忘权”，即数据主体有权要求数据控制者永久删除有关数据主体的个人数据，有权被互联网遗忘，除非数据的保留有合法的理由，在大数据时代，数字化，廉价的存储器，易于提取、全球覆盖作为数字化记忆发展的四大驱动力，改变了记忆的经济学，使得海量的数字化记忆不仅唾手可得，甚至比选择性删除所耗费的成本更低，记忆和遗忘的平衡反转，往事正像刺青一样刻在我们的数字肌肤上；遗忘变得困难，而记忆却成了常态，“被遗忘权”的出现，意在改变数据主体难以“被遗忘”的格局，对于数据主体对信息进行自决控制的权利，并且有着更深的调节、修复大数据时代数字化记忆伦理的意义。学·科网 首先，“被遗忘权”不是消极地防御自己的隐私不受侵犯，而是主体能动地控制个人的信息，并界定个人隐私的边界，进一步说，是主体争取主动建构个人数字化记忆与遗忘的权利，与纯粹的“隐私权”不同，“被遗忘权”更是一项主动性的权利，其权利主体可自主决定是否行使该项权利对网络上已经被公开的有关个人信息进行删除，是数据主题对自己的个人信息所享有的排除他人非法使用的权利。 其次，在数据快速流转且难以被遗忘的大数据时代，“被遗忘权”对调和人类记忆与以往的平衡具有重要的意义，如果在大数据时代不能“被遗忘”，那意味着人们容易被囚禁在数字化记忆的监狱之中，不论是个人的遗忘还是社会的遗忘，在某种程度都是一种个人及社会修复和更新的机制，让我们能够从过去的经验中吸取教训，面对现实，想象未来，而不仅仅背过去的记忆所束缚。 最后，大数据技术加速了人的主体身份的“被数据化”，人成为数据的表征，个人生活的方方面面都在以 2
数据的形式被记忆。大数据所建构的主体身份会导致一种危险，即“我是”与“我喜欢”变成了“你是”与“你将会喜欢”；大数据的力量可以利用信息去推动、劝服、影响甚至限制我们的认同。也就是说，不是主体想把自身塑造成什么样的人，而是客观的数据来显示主体是什么样的人，技术过程和结果反而成为支配人、压抑人的力量。进一步说，数字化记忆与认同背后的核心问题在于权力不由数据主体掌控，而是数据控制者选择和构建关于我们的数字化记忆，并塑造我们的认同。这种大数据的分类系统并不是客观中立的，而是指向特定的目的。因此，适度的、合理的遗忘，是对这种数字化记忆霸权的抵抗。 （摘编自袁梦倩《“被遗忘权”之争：大数据时代的数字化记忆与隐私边界》） 1．下列关于原文内容的理解和分析，正确的一项是（3分） A．由于数字化记忆的发展，记忆与遗忘的平衡发生了反转，记忆变得更加容易。 B．人的主体身份所以被数据化，是因为个人信息选择性删除所耗费的成本太高。 C．“被遗忘权”和“隐私权”的提出都是为了对抗大数据，不过前者更积极一些。 D．我们要对抗数字化记忆霸权，就要成为数据控制者并构建他人的数字化记忆。 2．下列对原文论证的相关分析，不正确的一项是（3分） A．文章以数字化记忆带来的威胁为理立论的事实基础，论证了人被数据控制的危险。 B．通过讨论大数据对隐私、记忆及主体身份等的影响，文章把论证推向了深入。 C．与重视个人隐私的写作动机有关，文章着重论证了大数据对个人权利的影响。 D．文章通过分析数字化记忆可能带来的问题，对我们的认同问题作出了全新论证。 3．根据原文内容，下列说法不正确的一项是（3分） A．大数据十大的个人留在网上的信息太多，如果没有主动权，就难以保护隐私。 B．遗忘是个人和社会的一种修复和更新机制，是我们面对现实和想象未来的基础。 C．技术有支配和压抑人的力量，这不仅影响个人隐私安全，而且影响整个社会。 D．大数据的分类系统不是中立的，这将影响数据的客观呈现，使用时应有所辨析。
（二）文学类文本阅读（本题共3小题，15分） 阅读下面的文字，完成4~6题。 有声电影 老舍 二姐还没看过有声电影。可是她已经有了一种理论。在没看见以前，先来一套说法，不独二姐如此；此之谓“知之为知之，不知为知之”也。她以为有声电影便是电机嗒嗒之声特别响亮而已。不然便是当电人——二姐管银幕上的英雄美人叫电人——互相巨吻的时候，台下鼓掌特别发狂，以成其“有声”。她确信这个，所以根本不想去看。 3
但据说有声电影是有说有笑而且有歌，她才想开开眼。恰巧打牌赢了钱，于是大请客。二姥姥三舅妈，四姨，小秃，小顺，四狗子，都在被请之列。 大家决定看午后两点半那一场，所以十二点动身也就行了。 到了十二点三刻谁也没动身。二姥姥找眼镜找了一刻来钟；确是不容易找，因为眼镜在她自己腰里带着呢。跟着就是三舅妈找钮子，翻了四只箱子也没找到，结果是换了件衣裳。四狗子洗脸又洗了一刻多钟，总算顺当。 出发了。走到巷口，一点名，小秃没影了。折回家里，找了半点多钟，没找着。大家决定不看电影了，找小秃更重要。把新衣裳全脱了，分头去找小秃。正在这个当儿，小秃回来了；原来他是跑在前面，而折回来找她们。好吧，再穿好衣裳走吧，反正巷外有的是洋车，耽误不了。 二姥姥给车价还按着老规矩，多一个铜子不给。这几年了，她不大出门，所以现在拉车的三毛两毛向她要，不是车价高了，是欺侮她年老走不动。她偏要走一个给他们瞧瞧。她确是有志向前迈步，不过脚是向前向后，连她自己也不准知道。四姨倒是能走，可惜为看电影特意换上高底鞋，似乎非扶着点什么不敢抬脚。她过去搀着二姥姥，要是跌倒的话，这二位一定是一齐倒下。 三点一刻到了电影院。电影已经开映。这当然是电影院不对；二姐实在觉得有骂一顿街的必要，可是没骂出来，她有时候也很能“文明”一气。 既来之则安之，打了票。一进门，小顺便不干了，黑的地方有红眼鬼，无论如何不能进去。二姥姥一看里面黑洞洞，以为天已经黑了，想起来睡觉的舒服；她主张带小顺回家。谁不知道二姥姥已经是土埋了半截的人，不看回有声电影，将来见阎王的时候要是盘问这一层呢？大家开了家庭会议。不行，二姥姥是不能走的。至于小顺，买几块糖好了，吃糖自然便看不见红眼鬼了。事情便这样解决了。四姨搀着二姥姥，三舅妈拉着小顺，二姐招呼着小秃和四狗子。看座的过来招待，可是大家各自为政的找座儿，忽前忽后，忽左忽右，离而复散，分而复合，主张不一，而又愿坐在一块儿。直落得二姐口干舌燥，二姥姥连喘带嗽，四狗子咆哮如雷，看座的满头是汗。观众们全忘了看电影，一齐恶声地“吃——”，但是压不下去二姐的指挥口令。二姐在公共场所说话特别响亮，要不怎样是“外场”人呢。 直到看座的电筒中的电已使净，大家才一狠心找到了座。不过，还不能忘了谦恭呀，况且是在公共场所。二姥姥年高有德，当然往里坐。可是四姨是姑奶奶呀；而二姐是姐姐兼主人；而三舅妈到底是媳妇；而小顺子等是孩子；一部伦理从何处说起？大家打架似的推让，把前后左右的观众都感化得直叫老天爷。好容易一齐坐下，可是糖还没买呢！二姐喊卖糖的，真喊得有劲，连卖票的都进来了，以为是卖糖的杀了人。 糖买过了，二姥姥想起一桩大事——还没咳嗽呢。二姥姥一阵咳嗽，惹起二姐的孝心，与四姨三舅妈说起二姥姥的后事来。老人家像二姥姥这样的，是不怕儿女当面讲论自己的后事，而且乐意参加些意见， 4
如“别人都是小事，我就是要个金九连环。也别忘了糊一对童儿！”这一说起来，还有完吗？说也奇怪，越是在戏馆电影场里，家事越显着复杂。大家刚说到热闹的地方，忽，电灯亮了，人们全往外走。二姐喊卖瓜子的；说起家务要不吃瓜子便不够派儿。看座的过来了，“这场完了，晚场八点才开呢。” 只好走吧。一直到二姥姥睡了觉，二姐才想起问：“有声电影到底怎么说来着？”三舅妈想了想：“管它呢，反正我没听见。”还是四姨细心，说看见一个洋鬼子吸烟，还从鼻子里冒烟呢。“鼻子冒烟，和真的一样，你就说！”大家都赞叹不已。 （有删改）
4．下列对小说相关内容和艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是（3分） A．小说塑造了市井妇女的群像，同时对其中人物也分别作了较为精细的刻画，如“外场”人二姐、“特意换上高跟鞋”的四姨、“不大出门”的二姥姥。 B．在公共场所电影院观看具有私密性的“电人巨吻”并发狂鼓掌，或是在这一场合大谈家事而心安理得，都是作者眼中当时社会生活的怪现象。 C．小说开头部分写二姐等人对有声电影无知，结尾写大家对有声电影“赞叹不已”，较为完整的描写了普通市民令人啼笑皆非的思想意识转变过程。 D．小说标题为“有声电影”，既是指有声电影这一新奇事物，也可指二姐等人在电影院里一系列“有声”的喧哗表现，可谓一语双关。 5．请结合二姐等人看有声电影的经过，简要分析小说所揭示的市民面对新奇事物的具体心态。（6分） 6．小说运用多种手法以取得语言的幽默效果，请从文中举出三处手法不同的例子，并简要分析。（6分）
（三）实用类文本阅读（本题共3小题，12分） 阅读下面的材料，完成7～9题。 材料一： 创新是引领发展的第一动力，知识产权是加快动能转换、结构优化的重要支撑。我国经济已由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，正处在转变发展方式、转换增长动力的攻关期。要顺利跨越这个关口，就必须激发出创新这个第一动力，走创新驱动发展道路；就必须“倡导创新文化，强化知识产权创造、保护、运用”。我们要进一步发挥好知识产权的技术供给和制度供给的双重作用，通过加强知识产权的创造和运用，不断为实体经济发展注入新动力；通过强化知识产权保护，推动构建更加公平公正、开放透明的市场环境。（摘编自社论《播撒创新种子，守护创新中国——写在2018年全国知识产权宣传周活动启动之际》，《中国知识产权报》2018年4月20日） 材料二：