英语国家文化题型整理
英语国家文化概况试题
英语国家文化概况试题 LEKIBM standardization office【IBM5AB- LEKIBMK08- LEKIBM2C】英语国家文化概况试题I.Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)1.Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland,and Wales.(T)2.. Independent schools get money mainly through the private sectorand tuition rates, with some government support.(T)3.Britain is not a member of the NATO due to its disagreement withsome European countries in defense policy. (F)4.Britain has a written constitutions of the sort which most countrieshave.(F)5.Conservative party prefers policies that protect individual’s rights.(T)6.New England was established by English puritans.(T)7.The US Constitution set up a federal system with a strong centralgovernment.(T)8.There are more Catholics than Protestants in the US. (F)9.Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.(F)10.Americans have to join a political party in order to vote or to be acandidate for public office. (F)II.Choose the answer that best completes the statement or answers the question:1.Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London(2.d)3.a.The cultural centre.b.The business centre.c.The financial centre.d.The sports centre.4.Which of the following kings was executed in the civil war5.(c)6.a.James I.b.James II.c.Charles I.d.Charles II.7.By whom is a “vote of no confidence” decided8.(a)9.a.The House of Commons.b.The House of Lords.c.The two major parties.d.The Prime Minister.10.I f a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take theexamination called ______ (a)a.General Certificate of Education-Advanced.b.General Certificate of Secondary Education.c.the common entrance examination.d.General National Vocational Qualifications.11.H ow many counties are there in Northern Ireland12.(b)13.a.26b.6c.32d.2014.W hich of the following statements was correct around the time ofAmerican Revolution?(a)a.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans or theirdescendants.b.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with AmericanIndians.c.The American had the mixed blood of Europeans with blacks.d.The American had the blood of English and their descendantsonly.15.W hich of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?(b)a.The freedom of religion.b.The freedom of searching a person’s home by policec.The freedom of speech and of the press.d.The right to own weapons if one wishes16.T he following were some of the characteristics of Protestantismexcept_____(c)a.Challenging the authority of the Pope.b.Salvation through faith.c.Salvation through the church.d.Establishing a direct contact with God.17.T he following were the founding fathers of the Americaexcept_____.(c)a.George Washingtonb.Thomas Jefferson.c.William Pann.d.Benjamin Franklin.18.The expenditure on American public schools is guided or decided by_____.(d)a.Teachersb.Studentsc.Headmastersd.Boards of educationIII.Tell what you know about the following in your own words?IV.1.The House of CommonsAnswer: the House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.2.The importance of general electionsAnswer: General elections are very important in western democracy. They provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders.3.Class system in British societyAnswer: The class system does exist in British society. Most of the British population would claim themselves to be either of middle-class or working-class, though some people would actually belong to the upper middle-class or lower middle-class . class divisions are not simply economic, they are cultural as well. One of the distinctive features about the British class system is that aristocratic titles can still be inherited.4.Independent schools of the UKAnswer: Independent schools are commonly called public schools which are actually private schools that receive their funding through the private sector and tuition rates, with some government assistance. Independent schools are the part of national education system in the UK.5.The CommonwealthAnswer: The Commonwealth is a voluntary association of states which is made up mostly of former British colonies. Many of them are developing countries like India; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support net work.6.The Declaration of IndependenceAnswer: The Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Congress on July 4, 1776, when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.7.The Bill of Rights of the USAnswer: The Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791. The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.8.Three Faiths in the USAnswer: Americans were considered to come in three basic varieties: Protestant, Catholic and Jewish. In terms of numbers, the Protestants are the strongest, the Catholics are next the Protestants and Jewish are the smallest among the three groups.9.High education of the USAnswer: In America, high education refers to education on the college level. American higher education includes four categories of institutions,. They are the university, the four-year undergraduate institution (the college), the technical training institution and the two-year or community college. Some are supported by public funds and some by private funds.10.The Cold WarAnswer: By the end of WWII, the United States, which had not suffered as much as other allied countries, became the strongest country in the world. As the possessor of atomic tombs and much of the world’s gold reserve and industrial production in its hand, thepolicy-makers of the US wanted a world order dominated by the US, a world market free and open to American goods and services. In pursuing this goal, the US encountered determined resistance from the Soviet Union. Gradually the two wartime allies fell apart and the Cold War began.V.Questions for consideration (此部分没有标准答案，是发挥题，写出要点即可)1.“British history has been a history of invasion.” Please illustrate thispoint with the examples. How each of the invasions influence English culture?2.Main points: 4invasions :Roman Empire, Angles and Saxon, Vikings and Normans3.What are the three big parties in the UK4.What are some of the similarities and dissimilarities between thethree parties?Main points: the Conservative party , the Labor party and the Liberal Democrats5.What is the Open University in Britain6.What do you think of this system?Main points: the open university offers a non-traditional route for people to take university level courses and receive a university degree.People can register without having any formal educational qualifications. They follow university courses through textbooks, TV, radio broadcasts, a network of study centers net and other ways.7.In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?8.9.What are some of the major powers of each of the three branchesof the US government10.H ow are the three branches supposed to check and balance eachother?11.W hat is the goal of education in the United States12.D iscuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the UnitedStates and China concerning the goals of education.13.W hat is the relationship between government and religion inAmerican?14.15.W hat is the US containment policy16.I s it successful17.I llustrate your point with facts.注：这部分论述题答案是open的，有一些是根据课本内容要求学生分析并写出自己的观点，没有标准答案。
英语国家文化
1.Define the country influence and write something about major, impress British influences on the present world ,and analyze the reasons or causes for them. Answer: The country influence is a kind of invisible power that can influence many countries even all the world. The influence can take effect in many fields, such as economy politics culture technology and science.The major influences are English, state institution and industry.(1) English is used in many areas around the world. Now, more than 80 countries use English as official language and a lot of countries treat English as a required course in education. English is popular in many fields, such as academy, international political meetings, entertainment, business, and even personal social interaction.Reason: In the past, Britain had many colonies and dominated the world. So English spreads Europe, Asia, America, Africa, Australia in the overseas control region. At that time, the language of the ruler, the English, was the language chosen for communication between different colonies and within the British Empire.(2)British is the first country that step into modern society. They abolished autocratic monarchy and set up a new institution: Constitutional monarchy. In this institution, there were a giant leap for economy and social development. British generally moved from autocratic regimes to democratic ones. This change had a great influence on all over world.Cause: The glorious revolution of 1688 ushered in a series of fundamental changes in political institutions.(3) From the 18th to well into the 19th century, the famous Industrial Revolution from where the greatest changes in several parts made a profound effect on the whole society in the Britain, then subsequently spreading throughout Europe, North America, and eventually the whole world. This revolution have changed the world and brought human into modern society.Reason: It is a necessary result of the social development in Britain. In the 18th century the population increased. There was need for more food and goods. People had to find ways to increase production.They changed the way of production in farms and factories.2.Write something about Sino-US relations concerning-- history, major arguments, present conditions, future development, significance, and your own opinion towards Sino-US relations.(1) History1941--1948 the Pacific War , Anti-Fascist League;1949--1967 a” no-recognition” policy, to test and contact each other, Korea war, relation frozen;1968--1977 Ping Pong Diplomacy, Nixon visit to China, prologue of relationship;1978-- establishment of Sino-US diplomatic, Deng xiao ping visit to US;(2)Major argumentsFirst is the Taiwan issue. We adhere to the one china policy. We claim Taiwan as a 23rd province and have repeatedly threatened to take it by force. But US’s attitude to Taiwan is uncertain. On the one hand, US claim that they adhere to the one china policy, on the other hand they send military hardware to Taiwan. So it is the most sensitive issue.Second is the monetary policy. At the heart of this issue is whether increase the rate of RMB. Each country has placed the blame with the other.The last is Human rights. The US department publishes an annual report on human rights around the world, which often criticize about the Chinese human rights record. China has published a White Paper annually since 1998 detailing the human rights abuses by US.(3)Present conditionsNow the Sino-US relations is the Most important relationship in the world. China and US share common interest in many international events and have extensive cooperation in many fields. The present condition is competition and cooperation. (4)Future developmentThere still will be many difference in each other’s opinion. But each other will strengthen cooperation to create a stable world.(5)SignificanceUS as the strongest and wealthiest developed country and China as the most populous developing country share a special responsibility for future of humanity. The relationship can effect world’s economy, politics and culture.(6)My opinionUS and China should strengthen the cooperation and culture exchange. The countries should work together to tackle the complicated and thorny issues and reduce divergences.3.Write a subjective comment on one of the Western cultural aspects which influence you and your way of living or even your way of thinking as you like (at least 250 words).The Western culture which has a great impact on me is NBA—National Basketball Association. It is made up with 30 teams from USA and Canada. It represents the highest level of basketball competition. Every basketball player is proud of playing in NBA.When I was in junior middle school, I watched NBA first on TV . I was attracted deeply when Kobe made a wonderful slam dunk. From then on, I started finding more about basketball and learning basketball. Before play basketball, I was a boy who rarely exercise and often be sick. NBA made me be foud of sports and healthier.The most significant influence from NBA is the spirit and inspiring stories. The sports spirit of NBA is “ Never give up and Keep practising ” . The famous NBA star Kobe always said that “Did you see the scenery of Los Angeles at 4: 00 A.M ? I knew it !” He is one of the most diligent players in NBA and takes a lot of practice in the part time. His success proved that the key to success lies in diligence and perseverance. Let me know that no matter how difficult the work it is, I should try my best to achieve my goals. Recently, Linsanity—Lin shu hao, a NBA player, made a miracle in NBA. He is a common man in the NBA and even wasn’t selected in the NBA draft. But now he is famous all over the world, because he who was underappreciated had a great performance in many competitions by his hard practice. So we will success as long as we take great effort in doing our own works.NBA means a lot to me, not only basketball make me healthy, but also a kind of motive power in my daily life.。
英语国家社会与文化简答题,,,,单元
UNIT 3is an American Comment on the answer to the question by crevecoeur1American is either a European, or the descendant of a European , hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country.He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holdsThe American is a new man ,who acts upon new principles. He must therefore entertain new ideas and form new opinions...this is an American.2According to Crevecoeur, The American in those days had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants without taking into consideration other nationalities such as American Indians ans blacks. But today , the picture of an American is more complex.2 How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American coloniesSome new and powerful social forces began to emerge which led to the awakening of Europe and the discovery of America.The first new force was the development of capitalism, and it produced the bourgeois class and the working class.The second major force was Renaissance, which was marked by a changing outlook on life.The third influential force was Religious Reformation, a religious reform movement that started form Germany.3 What was the unique American phenomenon How did it come into being Do you think it still exists in today's American societyon the one hand, the English and other Europeans went to North American for seeking freedom. But on the other hand, these very white people who were seeking and fighting for their own freedom deprived black Africans of their freedomThe two events combined constituted a unique American . First one is that on July, 30,1619,the first meeting of an elected legislature took place in North American. The second one is a dutch ship brought in over 20 Negroes, who were acted as servants for years.Yes, I do.4 In what way did Puritanism influence American cultureThe Puritans believed that governments should enforce God's morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators of the Sabbath and other religious believersdifferent from themselves. Roger Williams, one of the Puritans who protested that the state should not interfere with religion, was driven out of Massachusetts. In 1635, he set up Rhode Island colony, which guaranteed religious freedom and the separation of church and state. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.were some causes of the American RevolutionLong-term social, economic, and political changes in the colonies before 1750 provided the basis for an independent nation with representatives political institutions.More immediately, the French and Indian War 1754-1763 changed the relationship between the colonies and their mother country.Finally, a decade of conflicts between the British government and the colonist, beginning with the Stamp Act crisis in 1765, led to the outbreak of war in 1775 and the Declaration of Independence inUNIT 51. do you agree that cultivators of the earth are most valuable citizenYes, I do agree the point that “cultivators of the earthare the most valuable citizens”. My reasons for my agreement can be illustrated as follows:Firstly, though outward forms have changed, the vital importance of agriculture has not. Agriculture provides the sustenance that meets people’s most bas ic needs. Agriculture and its related industries serve as the foundation of American economic lifeSecondly, They have shown a spirit of individualism that the rest of society has admired. To a large extent, agricultural values have been adopted and celebrated by the society as a whole.Thirdly, American agriculture is big business. It provides the rest world with lots of food. So as the main body of agriculture, cultivators of the earth contribute a lot to American’s economic.2. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in itIn order to invest, individuals do not have to have a great deal of money: they can buy just a small portion of a business—called a share. The business of buying and selling shares in enterprises has become so big that offices have had to be set up where the selling of shares, or stock , can takeplace. These places, located in many cities in the United States and around the world, are called stock exchanges.examples of industries which are declining, and industries which are fast developing in the US.Generally speaking, declining industries would be industries where labor cost is high and its growth potential is limited. The Auto industry is in a declining state but of course if they reinvent their automobiles things could pick up for them. Developing industries would be the hi tech sector. Especially in companies that are developing new types of technology to help our environment by developing new types of technology in many areas. Especially energy conservation technology and new types of alternative energies. Also, new types of technology where we would be using fewer resources for our daily usage.4.What is the current economic situation in America How did the great recession beginwhat does it show(1)In late 2007 the US economy suffered a severe recession,it was a crisis that began in America but soon turned global.Millions of people in America and all over the world lost their homes and jobs. It has resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, and downturns in stock markets around the world,(2)Many economists believe that the problems are revealingdefects in the free market system and US government financial policies.(3)Question the soundness of this country's economy andeven the appropriate shape of a capitalist system,UNIT 61 In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United StatesA few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs. Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree, however,"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights," and that "the laws of Nature and Nature's God" entitled them to form a new nation. Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed, as a political necessity in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion. The First Amendment insured that American government would not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens.2 What is the relationship between government and religion in AmericaIn some ways, the government supports all religions.Religious groups do not pay taxes in the United States. But government does not pay ministers' salaries or require any belief—not even a belief in God—as a condition of holding public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead3 What promotes the diversity in American religionContinuous immigration.The united states has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier American provided plenty of room to set up a new church or found a new community.Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social founded in 18th, and 19th century America.Other world religions are increasing their numbers and influence in America such as Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism.4. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in EuropeFirst of all, Americans with different religions live together under the same law.Secondly, the religious beliefs of Americans continue tobe strong with social Europe, scientific and economic advance and rising material prosperity have accompanied by a decline in religious observance bu in the US, this has not happened.Thirdly, in the United States every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history,UNIT 81. What is the goal of education in the United States Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.The goal is—and has been since the early decades of the republic—to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public. Though this goal has not yet been fully achieved, it remains an ideal toward which the American educational system is directed. The progress which has been made is notable both for its scope and for the educational methods which have been developed in the process of achieving it.2. How did American education begin to developIn 1634, they opened a “lateen grammar” school, a school for those who wanted to prepare for college.In 1636, Harvard College was founded for the training of religious ministers.In 1634 and 1638, the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the common good, which included the support of school.In 1642 and 1647, the Bay Colony passed laws requiring all parents to provide reading educating for their children.At the end of the 18th century, elementary education throughout the United States was in local hands.3. What are the major characteristics of education in America1Different education laws for different states.2Several levels of schooling：Elementary Schooling,Secondary Schooling and High Schooling.3curricula for students: there is no national curriculum in the United States.3Compulsory education for all students.4Equal education opportunities for minority groups.5Strong demand for higher education.6The complex system of higher education.Some states play a strong role in the selection of learning material for their students.Schools were asked not only to teach this new information,but to help students ask their own questions about it. The “inquiry” method of l earning , focusing on solving problems rather than memorizing facts, became popular.。
英语国家文化概况问答题资料
英语国家文化概况问答题资料英语国家文化概况问答题资料1. the consequence of the Norman ConquestFirst, the Anglo-Saxon era was over, and Norman dynasty was set up.William the Conqueror replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established in England2 the governmental systemsAnglo-Saxon’s common laws were preserved, and all of England was divided into thirty-six administrative units called shires with subdivisions; the royal court replaced the former witenagamot of the Anglo-Saxon. The Court was composed of the bishops, the abbots, and the big landlords.3 the Britain-French relations: British relations with the Continent were opened again. Politically, Britain was dependent on France, but economically independent, the trade volume with lowland countries was increasing year by year.4 the language: The development of Old English went into the trough and the French was the Norman government’s official language. The English language was started to be mixed with a large number of French words about politics, law, religion, and the food.5 the elite replacement: A direct consequence was the almost total elimination of the old English aristocracy and the loss of English control over the Catholic Church in England.6 the English emigration: Following the conquest, many Anglo-Saxons, including groups of nobles, fled the country for Scotland, Ireland, or Scandinavia.7 immigration and intermarriageAn estimated 8000 Normans and other continentals settled in England and intermarried with the native English.8 the society: The major change on the lower levels of English society was the elimination of slavery in England.2. The process and consequence of the Roman conquest of BritainThe process: In 55 BC and 54 BC, the great Roman general Julius Caesar once invaded Britain with Roman army twice, but was repelled by the British people. About 90 years later, in 43 AD, the Roman emperor Claudius invaded Britain again. The Romans defeated the Celtic tribes and completely conquered the southern part of the island of Great Britain, including present-day England and Wales. The Consequence: The Romans made the part of the island under their control a province of their huge empire. Centre on London, the Romans built roads in all directions to connect other cities, which made London become the center of Roman control over Britain and outside contact. The Romans also built walls and forts across northern England to protect the province from the warlike tribes of Scotland. The most famous of the walls was Hadrian Wall. In the south-east, upper classes of Romans and Celts grabbed tribal public land, built up slavery big grange, and made other Celts or prisoners of war become slaves. TheRomans forced slaves to be engaged in farming, mining, and slaves were sold to the European continent by slavers.3. Glorious Revolution in BritainThe Glorious Revolution was the peaceful overthrown of King JamesⅡof England in 1688 by a union of English Parliamentarians and an invading army led by William of Orange. King JamesⅡdesired to rule despotically and reestablish the RomanCatholic religion in England. His overt Roman Catholicism, his suspension of legal rights of dissenters, and the prospect of a Catholic heir to the throne proved to be too much for the governing classes, which entered into negotiation with the Protestant William of Orange, who was the husband of Mary, James’s eldest daughter. In1688,William’s landing in England made James flee to France. The English throne was declared vacant, and William and Mary ascended the English throne as WilliamⅢ and MaryⅡTheGlorious Revolution was a l andmark in English history and had great significance. First,this event brought a permanent realignment of power within the English constitution. Parliament clearly establishd its ascendancy over the crown.The revolutionary settlement placed restrictions on the power of the crown, establishing a system of ConstitutionalMonarchy.Second, the Glorious Revolution was an i mportant stage in the evolution of modern English parliamentary democracy. With the passage of t he Bill of Rights, it ended the Divine Right of Kings Theory, and never again would the monarch hold absolute power. Third,the Bill of Rights also balanced the liberties of the subject and guaranteed certain individual rights and basic civil liberties. In a word, these factors ultimately laid the foundation for the Constitutional Monarchy.4. What is the Constitutional Monarchy in Britain?Constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a king or queen acts as Head of State. I n practice, the sovereign reigns, but does not rule; the country is governed in the name of the sovereign, but by his or her Majesty’s Government—a body of ministers who are the leading mem bers of whichever political party the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible toParliament. However, the sovereign retains an important political role as Head of State, formally a ppointing prime ministers, approving certain legislation and bestowing honors. The sovereign governs according to the constitution.Parts of the British Constitution are written and some are not .The Constitution is made up of three main parts: statute law (laws passed by parliament), the common laws (established through common practice in the courts), and conventions (rules and practices which do not exist legally).5. (1) The role of the monarchy in modern Britain is primarily to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British State; (2) The Queen is non-political, belongs to everybody. (3) She is legally head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, co mmander in chief of all the armed forces and ―s upreme governor‖ of the Church of England. The Queen in Britain is politically neutral and by convention the role is largely ceremonial. She gives Royal Assent to Bills passed by parliament; the monarch became a constitutional monarch, binding them with rules and conventio ns and ensuring their political impartiality. Additionally, in the Briton's opinion, the Queen’s task is to represent Britain at home and abroad, to set standards of good citizenship and family life. She also is a confidante to the Prime Minister, who offers valuable observations on the running ofgovernment.6. What are some of the features of Romantic Literature?English Romanticism is generally said to have began in 1798 with the publication of Lyrical Ballads written by Wordsworth and Coleridge and to have ended in 1832 with Sir Walter Scott’s death and the passage of the first Reform Bill in the Parliament.1) dissatisfaction with the bourgeois society.2) their writings are filled with strong-willed heroes or even titanic images, formidable events and tragic situations, powerful conflicting passions and exotic pictures.3) paying attention to spiritual and emotional life of man. Most works are supernatural and full of imagination.4) interests in the past, the unusual, the unfamiliar, the bizarre5) strong desire to escape from the reality.6) concerned much about the influence of nature.7) Their writings are free from any rules; they fight against the tenure of new classicism: order, harmony, balance, reason. They pursue the freedom of expression.8) a feeling of loneliness & a note of melancholy8) the glorification of the commonplace--- the aim of good poetry is ―to choose incidents and situations from common life‖ and to use a ―selection of language really spoken by men‖, and to awaken in the reader ―freshness of sensation‖ in the presentation of ―familiar objects‖.9) characterized by 5 ―I‖s: Imagination, Intuition, Idealism, Inspiration, and Individuality.7. What is Modernism and what is Postmodernism? Can you illustrate your points with specific books as examples? Modernism:In the second half of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century, both natural and social sciences in Europe had enormously advanced.The two world wars destroyed people’sfaith in the Victorian values and gave rise to all kinds of philosophical ideas in Western Europe. Modernism became the mainstream literatureduring that period. Drama is the most famous form inmodernism. And dramatic monologue was f amous at that period. Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw pioneered the modern drama. Oscar Wilde is well known for his master work--The Importance of Being Earnest. George Bernard Shaw's works are examples of the play inspired by social criticism.His master work are Widower’s Houses. Furthermore,David Herbert Lawrence was a great writer during this period, too. His master work, Sons and Lovers, is famous all over the world.Postmodern literature is literature characterized by reliance on narrative techniques such as fragmentation, paradox, and the unreliable narrator; and often is (though not exclusively) defined as a style or a trend which emerged in the post–World War II era. Postmodern works are seen as a response against Enlightenment thinking and Modernist approaches to literature. A postmodern literary work tends not to conclude with the neatly tied-up ending as is often found in modernist literature, such as Virginia Woolf’s work ---Mrs. Dalloway, To the Lighthouse, in which the stream of consciousness is used.。
英语国家社会与文化入门-简答题
英语国家社会与文化入门-简答题1. What are the main English-speaking countries?The main English-speaking countries are the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland.2. What are some common characteristics of English-speaking cultures?Some common characteristics of English-speaking cultures include a belief in individual rights and freedoms, an emphasis on personal achievement and success, a strong work ethic, a love of sports, a reverence for the rule of law, and a tradition of democracy.3. What is the role of religion in English-speaking cultures?Religion plays a varied role in English-speaking cultures, with some countries such as the United States placing a strong emphasis on religious freedom and a diverse array of beliefs, while others such as the United Kingdom have more secular societies with a less prominent role for religion.4. What are some typical foods and drinks associated with English-speaking cultures?Typical foods associated with English-speaking cultures include hamburgers and hot dogs in the United States, fish and chips in the United Kingdom, poutine in Canada, meat pies in Australia and New Zealand, and soda in all countries. Drinks often associated with these cultures include beer, whiskey, and coffee.5. What are some important holidays and celebrations in English-speaking cultures?Important holidays and celebrations in English-speaking cultures include Christmas, Thanksgiving, Independence Day, Easter, St. Patrick’s Day, Halloween, and Boxing Day. There are also a variety of local festivals and celebrations in each country.6. What are the main sports played in English-speaking cultures?The main sports played in English-speaking cultures include American football, basketball, baseball, soccer, rugby, cricket, hockey, and golf.7. What is the education system like in English-speaking cultures?The education system in English-speaking cultures varies by country and region, but generally emphasizes the importance of achieving a high school diploma or equivalent and often places a strong emphasis on higher education.8. What are some common social customs in English-speaking cultures?Common social customs in English-speaking cultures include greeting people with a handshake or hug, saying “please” and “thank you,” holding doors open for others, and being prompt for appointments.9. What are some common values shared by English-speaking cultures?Common values shared by English-speaking cultures include honesty, respect for others, hard work, and a belief in the importance of education.10. What role does the media play in English-speaking cultures?The media plays an important role in English-speaking cultures, providing information and entertainment to people. There are a variety of media outlets, including print, television, radio, and online sources.。
英语国家社会文化知识
英语国家社会文化知识1.The first permanent settlement in North America wasestablished in today’s ______ in 1607.A. FloridaB. GeorgiaC. VirginiaD. Arkansas2.The following drafted Declaration of IndependenceEXCEPT ______.A. George W ashingtonB. Thomas JeffersonC. John AdamsD. Benjamin Franklin3.Which of the following is the only branch of the U.S.Federal government that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. The executive.B. The legislative.C. The Judicial.D.The president.4.The Three Faiths in the U.S. refer to _______.A.Protestant, Catholic, JewishB.Protestant, Christian, HindusC.Puritan, Catholic, JewishD.Puritan, Christian, Islam5.Which of the following novelists does NOT belong to“the Lost Generation”?A.F. Scott Fitzgerald.B.John Dos Passos.C.Ernest Hemingway.D.Nathaniel Hawthorne.6.The following authors are Nobel Prize winners EXCEPT ______.A.Eugene O’NeillB.Herman MelvilleC.Thomas Stearns EliotD.Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill7._______ has the second largest Chinese community in North America.A.New YorkB.San FranciscoC.VancouverD.Montreal8.________ is the oldest newspaper in Australia.A.The Sydney Morning HeraldB.The Australian Financial ReviewC.The AustralianD.The Mercury9.Which of the following states or provinces is NOT located in the Great Lakes?A.New York.B.Minnesota.C.British Columbia.D.Ontario.10.Canada's first national park and the world's thirdis _________.A.the Smoky Mountain National ParkB.the Grand Canyon National ParkC.the Grand Teton National ParkD.the Banff National Park11.Which of the following is NOT considered IvyLeague Schools?A.Brown University.B.Cornell University.C.Stanford University.D.Princeton University.12.The international border between the Canadianprovince of Ontario and the U.S. state of New York is formed by ____________.A.Niagara FallsB.the Rocky MountainsC.EvergladesD.Appalachian Trail13.The farthest island in the Florida Keys is Key West,which is the site of home of novelist _____.A.Mark TwainB.William FaulknerC.Ernest HemingwayD.Jack London14.Which of the following does NOT belong to thewhite-collar crime?A.Bribery.B.Tax evasion.C.False advertising.D.Robbery.15.Which of the following provinces or territoriesis next to Alaska, a state of the U.S.?A.Newfoundland.B.Nunavut.C.Quebec.D.Yukon.16.W hich of the following newspapers is British?A.The Guardian.B.Newsday.C.Denver Post.D.Seattle Times.17.Jazz is believed to appear first in _______,U.S.A..A.ChicagoB.DenverC.AtlantaD.New Orleans18.Listen to a piece of music and then identify which country’s national anthem it is. （音频在文件夹里）A.Britain.B.The United States.C.Australia.D.Canada.19.Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist?A.D. H. Lawrence.B.Robert L. Stevenson.C.Walter Scott.D.Charles Dickens.20.The T ower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by ______.A.King HaroldB.Robin HoodC.Oliver CromwellD.William the Conqueror21.Which of the following can NOT be found in London?A.TeahousesB. GalleriesC. MuseumsD. Theatres22.When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament?A.In 1715B. in 1688C. In 1745D. in 170723.Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A.James IIB. William of OrangeC. Oliver CromwellD. George I24.By whom is a “Vote of no confidence” decided?A.The House of Commons C. the House of LordsB.The two major parties D. the Prime Minister25.Which of the following used to be the last independent car company in the UK?A.FordB. PeugeotC. RoverD. BMW26.In aerospace industry, which two countries are ahead of Britain?A.The U. S and GermanyB.The U.S and RussiaC.Germany and RussiaD.France and Russia27.Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer?A.The Canterbury TalesB. BeowulfC. The UlsterCycle D. Morte D’A rthur28.What flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?A.NovelB. EssayC. DramaD. Poetry29.Which of the following was the most famous Scottish novelist?A.D. H. LawrenceB. Charles DickensC. Jane AustenD. Walter Scott30.Where is the international tennis championships held?A.WembleyB. WimbledonC. St. AndrewsD.Clapham31.Which one of the following has nothing to do with Easter?A.RabbitsB. haggisC. chicksD. eggs32.I n Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16A.Can legally receive partly free educationB.Can legally receive completely free educationC.Can not receive free education at allD.Can not receive free education if their parents are rich.33.The sharp increase in Australian population afterW.W. II was partly becauseA.A large postwar immigration programme was carried outB.The Aboriginal people and the Torres Strait Islanders were not included in the census before WWIIC.More British convicts were transported to AustraliaD.Australian soldiers came back from the War34.T he largest state in terms of population in AustraliaisA.QueenslandB. New South WalesC. WesternAustralia D. Victoria35.TAFE is a form ofA.Primary educationB. secondary educationC.post-secondary education D. private education36._______ is the oldest newspaper Australia.A.The Sydney Morning HeraldB.The AustralianC.The MercuryD.The Australian Financial Review37.The first settlers of New Zealand were _____.A.Voyagers from East PolynesiaB.European navigatorsC.Sealers and whalersD.Christian missionaries38.The following were the main Reformation leaders except _____A.Martin Luther.B.Martin Luther King.C.John Calvin.D.The English King Henry VIII.39.The “American system” of mass production was first used in _____A.Car industryB.Textile industryC.Firearms industryD.Agriculture40.The latest technology that farmers have adopted is ______A.Artificial fertilizersB.PesticideC.Tractors/doc/1b14540265.html,puters。
英语国家社会与文化简答题(3,5,6,8,10单元)第三版下册
UNIT 31.what is an American? Comment on the answer to the question by crevecoeur?(1)American is either a European, or the descendant of a European , hence that strange mixture of blood, which you will find in no other country.He is an American, who leaving behind him all his ancient prejudices and manners, receives new ones from the new mode of life he has embraced, the new government he obeys, and the new rank he holdsThe American is a new man ,who acts upon new principles. He must therefore entertain new ideas and form new opinions...this is an American.(2)According to Crevecoeur, The American in those days had the mixed blood of Europeans or their descendants without taking into consideration other nationalities such as American Indians ans blacks. But today , the picture of an American is more complex.2 How did modern development in Europe influence the settlement of North American colonies?Some new and powerful social forces began to emerge which led to the awakening of Europe and the discovery of America.The first new force was the development of capitalism, and it produced the bourgeois class and the working class.The second major force was Renaissance, which was marked by a changing outlook on life.The third influential force was Religious Reformation, a religious reform movement that started form Germany.3 What was the unique American phenomenon ? How did it come into being? Do you think it still exists in today's American society?on the one hand, the English and other Europeans went to North American for seeking freedom. But on the other hand, these very white people who were seeking and fighting for their own freedom deprived black Africans of their freedomThe two events combined constituted a unique American . First one is that on July, 30,1619,the first meeting of an elected legislature took place in North American. The second one is a dutch ship brought in over 20 Negroes, who were acted as servants for years.Yes, I do.4 In what way did Puritanism influence American culture?The Puritans believed that governments should enforce God's morality. They strictly punished drunks, adulterers, violators of the Sabbath and other religious believers different from themselves. Roger Williams, one of the Puritans who protested that the state should not interfere with religion, was driven out of Massachusetts. In 1635, he set up Rhode Island colony, which guaranteed religious freedom and the separation of church and state. The Puritans also have left rich cultural heritage to future Americans. The American values such as individualism, hard work, respect of education owe very much to the Puritan beliefs.5.what were some causes of the American RevolutionLong-term social, economic, and political changes in the colonies before 1750 provided the basis for an independent nation with representatives political institutions.More immediately, the French and Indian War (1754-1763) changed the relationship between the colonies and their mother country.Finally, a decade of conflicts between the British government and the colonist, beginning with the Stamp Act crisis in 1765, led to the outbreak of war in 1775 and the Declaration of Independence inUNIT 51. do you agree that cultivators of the earth are most valuable citizenYes, I do agree the poi nt that “cultivators of the earth are the most valuable citizens”. My reasons for my agreement can be illustrated as follows:Firstly, though outward forms have changed, the vital importance of agriculture has not. Agriculture provides the sustenance that meets people’s most basic needs. Agriculture and its related industries serve as the foundation of American economic lifeSecondly, They have shown a spirit of individualism that the rest of society has admired. To a large extent, agricultural values have been adopted and celebrated by the society as a whole.Thirdly, American agriculture is big business. It provides the rest world with lots of food. So as the main body of agriculture, cultivators of the earth contribute a lot to American’s economic.2. It is known to all that buying and selling stocks is a risky business. Why do you think there are still so many people involved in it?In order to invest, individuals do not have to have a great deal of money: they can buy just a small portion of a business—called a share. The business of buying and selling shares in enterprises has become so big that offices have had to be set up where the selling of shares, or stock , can take place. These places, located in many cities in the United States and around the world, are called stock exchanges.3.Give examples of industries which are declining, and industries which are fast developing in the US.Generally speaking, declining industries would be industries where labor cost is high and its growth potential is limited. The Auto industry is in a declining state but of course if they reinvent their automobiles things could pick up for them. Developing industries would be the hi tech sector. Especially in companies that are developing new types of technology to help our environment by developing new types of technology in many areas. Especially energy conservation technology and new types of alternative energies. Also, new types of technology where we would be using fewer resources for our daily usage.4.What is the current economic situation in America? How did the great recession begin?what does it show?(1)In late 2007 the US economy suffered a severe recession, it was a crisis that began inAmerica but soon turned global. Millions of people in America and all over the world lost their homes and jobs. It has resulted in the collapse of large financial institutions, and downturns in stock markets around the world,(2)Many economists believe that the problems are revealing defects in the free marketsystem and US government financial policies.(3)Question the soundness of this country's economy and even the appropriate shape of acapitalist system,UNIT 61 In what way do you think that religious freedom was a historical necessity in the United States?A few Americans were so influenced by the new science and new ideas of the Enlightenment in Europe that they became deists, believing that reason teaches that God exists but leaves man free to settle his own affairs. Many traditional Protestants and deists could agree, however,"all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights," and that "the laws of Nature and Nature's God" entitled them to form a new nation. Among the rights that the new nation guaranteed, as a political necessity in a religiously diverse society, was freedom of religion. The First Amendment insured that American government would not meddle in religious affairs or require any religious beliefs of its citizens.2 What is the relationship between government and religion in America?In some ways, the government supports all religions. Religious groups do not pay taxes in theUnited States. But government does not pay ministers' salaries or require any belief—not even a belief in God—as a condition of holding public office. Oaths are administered, but those who, like Quakers, object to them, can make a solemn affirmation, or declaration, instead3 What promotes the diversity in American religion?Continuous immigration.The united states has always been a fertile ground for the growth of new religious movements. Frontier American provided plenty of room to set up a new church or found a new community.Many religious communities and secular utopias, or experiments in new forms of social living.were founded in 18th, and 19th century America.Other world religions are increasing their numbers and influence in America such as Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism.4. What are some of the features in religion that are particularly American? What are some of the major differences between American religion and religion in Europe?First of all, Americans with different religions live together under the same law.Secondly, the religious beliefs of Americans continue to be strong with social progress.In Europe, scientific and economic advance and rising material prosperity have accompanied by a decline in religious observance bu in the US, this has not happened.Thirdly, in the United States every church is a completely independent organization, and concerned with its own finance and its own building.There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history,UNIT 81. What is the goal of education in the United States? Discuss the similarities and differences in Great Britain, the United States and China concerning the goals of education.The goal is—and has been since the early decades of the republic—to achieve universal literacy and to provide individuals with the knowledge and skills necessary to promote both their own individual welfare as well as that of the general public. Though this goal has not yet been fully achieved, it remains an ideal toward which the American educational system is directed. The progress which has been made is notable both for its scope and for the educational methods which have been developed in the process of achieving it.2. How did American education begin to develop?In 1634, they opened a “lateen grammar” school, a school for those who wanted to preparefor college.In 1636, Harvard College was founded for the training of religious ministers.In 1634 and 1638, the Puritans passed laws declaring that all property could be taxed for the common good, which included the support of school.In 1642 and 1647, the Bay Colony passed laws requiring all parents to provide reading educating for their children.At the end of the 18th century, elementary education throughout the United States was in local hands.3. What are the major characteristics of education in America?(1)Different education laws for different states.(2)Several levels of schooling：Elementary Schooling，Secondary Schooling and High Schooling.(3)curricula for students: there is no national curriculum in the United States.(3)Compulsory education for all students.(4)Equal education opportunities for minority groups.(5)Strong demand for higher education.(6)The complex system of higher education.Some states play a strong role in the selection of learning material for their students.Schools were asked not only to teach this new information, but to help students ask their own questions about it. The “inquiry” method of learning , focusing on solving problems rather than memorizing facts, became popular.。
高二英语英语国家历史与文化背景介绍单选题50题
高二英语英语国家历史与文化背景介绍单选题50题1.Which of the following is a famous British monument?A.The Eiffel TowerB.The Statue of LibertyC.Big BenD.The Sydney Opera House答案：C。
本题考查英国著名的地标。
A 埃菲尔铁塔是法国的，B 自由女神像是美国的，D 悉尼歌剧院是澳大利亚的，只有C 大本钟是英国的著名地标。
2.Which period of British history is known for the Industrial Revolution?A.The Tudor periodB.The Victorian periodC.The Georgian periodD.The Elizabethan period答案：B。
工业革命主要发生在维多利亚时期。
都铎时期、乔治时期和伊丽莎白时期都不是以工业革命为主要特征的。
3.In British history, who was the first female monarch?A.Queen Elizabeth IB.Queen VictoriaC.Queen MaryD.Queen Anne答案：A。
伊丽莎白一世是英国历史上第一位女王。
维多利亚女王、玛丽女王和安妮女王都不是第一位女性君主。
4.Which of the following is a traditional British sport?A.BasketballB.FootballC.TennisD.V olleyball答案：B。
足球是英国的传统运动项目。
篮球、网球和排球虽然也很受欢迎，但不是英国特有的传统运动。
5.The British Parliament consists of which two houses?A.The House of Commons and the House of LordsB.The Senate and the House of RepresentativesC.The Upper House and the Lower HouseD.The King's Council and the Queen's Council答案：A。
英美文化复习题及答案
英美文化复习题及答案一、单选题1. 英国的首都是哪里？A. 伦敦B. 纽约C. 巴黎D. 柏林答案：A2. 美国的国庆日是什么时候？A. 7月4日B. 7月14日C. 1月1日D. 4月23日答案：A3. 莎士比亚是哪国的著名剧作家？A. 英国B. 法国C. 美国D. 德国答案：A4. 美国的总统任期是几年？A. 4年B. 5年C. 6年D. 7年答案：A5. 英联邦是由哪些国家组成的？A. 英国及其前殖民地B. 美国及其前殖民地C. 法国及其前殖民地D. 德国及其前殖民地答案：A二、填空题1. 英国的官方语言是________。
答案：英语2. 美国的货币单位是________。
答案：美元3. 英国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰4. 美国的国花是________。
答案：玫瑰5. 英国的国歌是________。
答案：《天佑女王》三、判断题1. 英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部。
（对/错）答案：错2. 美国的首都是华盛顿特区。
（对/错）答案：对3. 英国的国旗被称为“星条旗”。
（对/错）答案：错4. 美国的国旗被称为“星条旗”。
（对/错）答案：对5. 英国和美国都是君主立宪制国家。
（对/错）答案：错四、简答题1. 简述英国和美国的文化差异。
答案：英国和美国虽然在语言上有很多共同点，但在文化上存在显著差异。
英国文化更加保守和传统，重视礼仪和等级制度，而美国文化则更加开放和多元，强调个人主义和自由。
此外，两国在饮食习惯、教育体系、社会价值观等方面也有所不同。
2. 描述英国和美国的主要节日。
答案：英国的主要节日包括圣诞节、复活节、圣乔治节等，而美国的主要节日有独立日、感恩节、圣诞节等。
这些节日不仅反映了两国的历史和文化，也是家庭团聚和社会庆祝的重要时刻。
英语国家文化与风俗考核试卷
(B) Burger King
(C) KFC
(D) Pizza Hut
10. Which of the following are popular music genres in the UK?
(A) Rock
(B) Pop
(C) Classical
(D) Hip Hop
(C) Yorkshire Pudding
(D) Sushi
3. What is the national sport of Canada?
(A) Ice Hockey
(B) Baseball
(C) Rugby
(D) Basketball
4. Which of the following is a famous American author?
(D) Rugby Union
19. What are some well-known English literary characters?
(A) Sherlock Holmes
(B) James Bond
(C) Harry Potter
(D) Dracula
20. Which of the following are types of Scottish whisky?
(A) Scones
(B) Crumpets
(C) Muffins
(D) Tacos
15. What is the national flower of Canada?
(A) Rose
(B) Maple Leaf
(C) Lily
(D) Thistle
16. What is the largest organ in the British royal family?
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第一单元文化 1.Communication breakdown sometimes takes place not only because of language， but more frequently because of cultural differences。
A、what is culture? 1) Culture is a very extensive concept， it is very difficult to define it strictly and accurately, because culture involves too much. what we see in usual just like we see the edge of an iceberg, though it has been rather big, there still far more that we can not see.
2) Culture is a learned pattern of behavior, and is a way in which a person lives his life。 It is an integral part of every society， and creates a feeling of belonging and togetherness among the people of that society。 Every society has a different culture， which gives it an identity and uniqueness.
3) Culture is the way of life of a group of people developed over time and passed down from generation to generation We have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways that are the customs of different cultures are neither right nor wrong。 It is simply that different people do the same things in different manners。
B、Could you please give an example and make a brief analysis？ Example: For example， if you cooked a meal， and you asked a Dutch person, how was it? He said: “yes， I like it.” That means he really liked it. But once you had this answer from a person from high—context culture, such as China， you have to think: “Does he really like my meal? Or just don’t want me to lose face.” Example ： Steve and Yaser first met in their chemistry class at an American university。 Yaser was an international student from Jordan。 He was excited to get to know an American。 He wanted to learn more about American culture. Yaser hoped that he and Steve would become good friends.
At first, Steve seemed very friendly. He always greeted Yaser warmly before class. Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser。 He even invited Yaser to eat lunch with him。 But after the semester was over， Steve seemed more distant。 The two former classmates didn’t see each other very much at school。 One day Yaser decided to call Steve。 Steve didn't seem very interested in talking to him. Yaser was hurt by Steve’s change of attitude. “Steve said we were friends,”Yaser complained. “and I said friends were friends forever.”
Analyze: Americans use the word “friend” in a very general way。 They may call both casual acquaintances and close companions “friends"
American friendships develops quickly, and they may change just as quickly。
2. In the text “Communication Breakdown"， we get to know that language is probably not always the most important reason for cross—cultural communication breakdown。 What could be other reasons for such breakdown？ Please analyze the issue with real life examples。 1)Example：A is an English learner; B is a native English speaker. A one day jumped into B’s arms and felt sorry， “I'm sorry。" B: “ I'm sorry, too." A： “I'm sorry three.” B： “What are you sorry for？" A:＂I’m sorry five。＂ 2）Explanation：
A．Westerners often think the best way to communicate is for everyone to speak directly. Once all the information has been shared， a decision can be made. They pay attention to words, rather than context。
B．But people from a high context culture often communicate indirectly. Culture is a very extensive concept, it is very difficult to define it strictly and accurately.
Culture is the way of life of a group of people developed over time and passed down from generation to generation.
Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art， morals， law, customs， and other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
Culture includes the organization of production, the structure of the family, the structure of institution which express or govern social relationships， the characteristic forms through which members of the society communicate.
Culture seems to be (almost） everything and cultural studies the study of （almost) everything。
Culture is also something that man learns from his family and surroundings， leading him to live a more comfortable and better life.
3。What is your understanding of “culture"? Compare culture to another concrete thing (as we have ‘culture is an iceberg’ in textbook) and explain your reasons with examples。
Culture is just like an iceberg. What Datong accepted were aspects of American culture that were easily observed and often referred to as objective culture。 But most of his culture which was below the surface of his awareness, not easily observed referred to as subjective culture is that of traditional Chinese culture。