科技英语课后答案
（整理后）科技英语部分课后答案
（整理后）科技英语部分课后答案第一单元第8页1. processing speed 处理速度2. user-friendly interactive graphics 用户友好的交互图形3. product cycle 产品周期4. design specification 设计规格5. design evaluation 设计评价6. 计算机辅助设计CAD7. 计算机辅助制造CAM8. 计算机辅助工程CAE9. 设计过程design process10. 制造过程production process翻译句子（考5个）1. Today’s industries cannot survive worldwide competition unlessthey introduce new products with better quality（quality, Q）, at lower cost（cost, C）, and with shorter time delivery （delivery, D）.除非能以较低的价格提供更好的质量及更短的交货时间提供新产品，否则任何企业都无法在当今的国际竞争中立足。
2.The design process starts from customers’ demands that areidentified by marketing personnel and ends with a complete description of the product, usually in the form of a drawing.设计过程始于由市场人员认定的用户需求，止于对产品的完整描述，通常用图形来表现。
3. The activities involved in the design process can be classifiedlargely as two types: synthesis and analysis.设计过程所涉及的活动大体分为两类：综合和分析4. An analysis model is derived first because the analysis subprocess is applied to the model rather than the design itself 首先要导出一个分析模型，因为分析子过程适用于该模型而非设计本身。
科技英语阅读课后参考答案-Unit1,3
科技英语阅读课后参考答案-Unit1,3Unit 1 MathematicsPart I EST Reading Reading 1Warm-up Questions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1. Who is Bertrand Russell? Bertrand Arthur William Russell (b.1872 – d.1970) was a British philosopher, logician, essayist and social critic best known for his work in mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. His most influential contributions include his defense of logicism (the view that mathematics is in some important sense reducible to logic), his refining of the predicate calculus introduced by Gottlob Frege (which still forms the basis of most contemporary logic), his defense of neutral monism (the view that the world consists of just one type of substance that is neither exclusively mental nor exclusively physical), and his theories of definite descriptions and logical atomism. Russell is generally recognized as one of the founders of modern analytic philosophy, and is regularly credited with being one of the most important logicians of the twentieth century. 2. What is Russell’s Paradox? Russell discovered the paradox that bears his name in 1901, while working on his Principles of Mathematics (1903). The paradox arises in connection with the set of all sets that are not members of themselves. Such a set, if it exists, will be a member of itself if and only if it is not a member of itself. The paradox is significant since, using classical logic, all sentences are entailed by a contradiction. Russell's discovery thus prompted a large amount of work in logic, set theory, and the philosophy and foundations of mathematics. 3. What effect did Russell’s Paradox have on Gottlob Fregg’s system? At first Frege observed that the consequences of Russell’s paradox are not immediately clear. For example, “Is it always permissible to speak of the extension of a concept, of a class? And if not, how do we recognize the exceptional cases? Can we always infer from the extension of one concept’s coinciding with that of a second, that every object which falls under the first concept also falls under the second? Because of these kinds of worries, Frege eventually felt forced to abandon many of his views. 4. What is Russell’s response to the paradox? Russell's own response to the paradox came with the development of his theory of types in 1903. It was clear to Russell that some restrictions needed to be placed upon the original comprehension (or abstraction) axiom of naive set theory, the axiom that formalizes the intuition that any coherent condition may be used to determine a set (or class). Russell's basic idea was that reference to sets such as the set of all sets that are not members of themselves could be avoided by arranging all sentences into a hierarchy, beginning with sentences about individuals at the lowest level, sentences about sets of individuals at the next lowest level,1sentences about sets of sets of individuals at the next lowest level, and so on Using a vicious circle principle similar to that adopted by the mathematician Henri Poincaré, and his own so-called "no class" theory of classes, Russell was able to explain why the unrestricted comprehension axiom fails: propositional functions, such as the function "x is a set," may not be applied to themselves since self-application would involve a vicious circle. On Russell's view, all objects for which a given condition (or predicate) holds must be at the same level or of the same "type." 5. Have you ever heard of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory.? Can you give an account of it? Contradictions like Russell’s paradox arose from what was later called the unrestricted comprehension principle: the assumption that, for any property p, there is a set that contains all and only those sets that have p. In Zermelo’s system, the comprehension principle is eliminated in favour of several much more restrictive axioms: a. Axiom of extensionality. If two sets have the same members, then they are identical. b. Axiom of elementary sets. There exists a set with no members: the null, or empty, set. For any two objects a and b, there exists a set (unit set) having as its only member a, as well as a set having as its only members a and b. c. Axiom of separation. For any well-formed property p and any set S, there is a set, S1, containing all and only the members of S that have this property. That is, already existing sets can be partitioned or separated into parts by well-formed properties. d. Power-set axiom. If S is a set, then there exists a set, S1, that contains all and only the subsets of S. e. Union axiom. If S is a set (of sets), then there is a set containing all and only the membersof the sets contained in S. f. Axiom of choice. If S is a nonempty set containing sets no two of which have common members, then there exists a set that contains exactly one member from each member of S. g. Axiom of infinity. There exists at least one set that contains an infinite number of members. With the exception of (b), all these axioms allow new sets to be constructed from already-constructed sets by carefully constrained operations; the method embodies what has come to be known as the “iterative” conception of a set. /doc/a90df7ed551810a6f524860e.html/entries/russell/ Section C Post-reading TaskReading Comprehension1. Directions: Work on your own and fill in the blanks with the main idea. Part 1 (Para. 1): Brief introduction to Russell’s paradox Part 2 (Paras. 2-5): The effect of Russell’s paradox on Gottlob Frege’s system.2Para. 2: Russell’s paradox dealt a heavy blow to Frege’s attempts to develop a foundation for all of mathematics using symbolic logic. Para. 3: An illustration of Russell’s paradox in terms of sets Para. 4: Contradiction found in the set. Para. 5: Frege noticed the devastating effect of Russell’s paradox on his system and inability to solve it. Part 3 (Paras. 6-8): Solutions offered by mathematicians to Russel’s paradox Para. 6: Russell’s own response to the paradox with his "theory of types."Para. 7: Zermelo's solution to Russell's paradox Para. 8: What became of the effort to develop a logical foundation for all of mathematics? Part 4 (Para. 9): Correspondence between Russell and Frege on the paradox 2. Directions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. 1) What is the basic idea of Russell’s paradox? 2) How to explain Russell’s paradox in terms of sets? 3) Can you explain the contradiction found in the sets related to Russell’s paradox 4) Is Russell’s own response to the paradox workable? 5) Do you know Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory? (open) 3. Directions: Read the following passage carefully and fill in the blanks with the words you’ve learned in the text. Russell's own response to the paradox came with the development of his theory of types in 1903. It was clear to Russell that some restrictions needed to be placed upon the original comprehension (or abstraction) axiom of naive set theory, the axiom that formalizes the intuition that any coherent condition may be used to determine a set (or class). Russell's basic idea was that reference to sets such as the set of all sets that are not members of themselves could be avoided by arranging all sentences into a hierarchy, beginning with sentences about individuals at the lowest level, sentences about sets of individuals at the next lowest level, sentences about sets of sets of individuals at the next lowest level, and so on. Using a vicious circle principle similar to that adopted by the mathematician Henri Poincaré, and his own so-called "no class" theory of classes, Russell was able to explain why the unrestricted comprehension axiom fails: propositional functions, such as the function "x is a set," may not be applied to themselves since self-application would involve a vicious circle. On Russell's view, all objects for which a given condition (or predicate) holds must be at the same level or of the same "type."Vocabulary and Structure31. Word-building Directions: Give the correct form of the word according to the indication in the brackets. Then complete the sentences using the right form for each word. Use each word once. discover— (suffix) logic— (suffix) correspond—(suffix) describe—(suffix) contradict— (suffix) symbol—(suffix) form—(suffix) develop—(suffix) able—(prefix) equal—(suffix)1) The math may not have been new, but Duchin enjoyed the process of_________, and she got to work collaboratively with half a dozen other math whizzes.( discovery) 2) Packages can be sealed and can contain personal _________if it relates to the contents of the package.( correspondence) 3) New research indicates that the brain region may prefer_________ notation to other numeric representations .( symbolic) 4) To do this, an ideal model based on the _________ paradigm was constructed and then compared with a neutral model reflecting the further education system as it existed before the Act took effect.( equality) 5) Is this not in flagrant _________to Einstein's rule that signals do not travel faster than the velocity of light?( contradiction) 6) Sequential organization has the major advantage that the records are stored in a _________ order, presumably that sequence to which the records are normally required for printing and for soft copy reports.( logical) 7) The mathematical _________ of a zero-sum two-person game is not difficult to construct, and determining the optimal strategies and the value of the game is computationally straightforward.( description) 8) The proof we now know required the_________ unknown in Fermat's time.( development) of an entire field of mathematics that was9) Williams adds that many courses in geometry, “the one high school class that demands _________ reasoning,” have already been “gutted” and are no longer proof-based.( formal) 10) The concept of total aircraft ownership will become increasingly important should the traditional trade structure be _________to cover the expanse of technologies economically.( unable) 2. Directions: Complete the sentences with the words given in the brackets. Change the form if necessary. 1) The key to unraveling such apparent paradoxes is to characterize the initial set of possibilities ("initial" meaning before you receive any extra information) and then to eliminate possibilities based on that extra information. (base) 42) Indeed, this separation of meaning is reflected by the definition of "weak" in the OALD, with a distinct sense reserved for its use when pertaining to that of solutions (definition) 3) The resulting radical pollution control programme outlined by Nixon, calling for a 90 per cent reduction in vehicle emissions by 1980, not only led to him being credited (albeit briefly) as policy initiator of an environmental clean-up but also provided him with the chance to deal a blow to one of his most important opponents in the 1972 elections, Edmund Muskie (blow) 4) Singapore's continuing investments in education and training has brought a tenfold increase in our pool of Information Technology professionals and the Singapore worker has been consistently rated by BERI as the world's best in terms of technical skills, attitude and productivity. (term) 5) In this work he was led to topology, a still new kind of mathematics related to geometry, and to the study of shapes (compact manifolds) of all dimensions. (lead) 6) If there is no allowable string which spans the whole graph, then we can search in the same way as described above, but wherever the required path does not exist in the tree, check if that position in the tree is flagged for end-of-word (way) 7) During the past century, steps forward in physics have often come in the form of newly found particles; in engineering, more complex devices; in astronomy, farther planets and stars; in biology, rarer genes; and in chemistry, more useful materials and medications. (form) 8) A second reason for measurements is the more theoretical, put by Love as " the discovery of numerical relations between the quantities that can be measured to serve as a basis for the inductive determination of the form of the intrinsic energy function. " (serve) 9) Thus the optimum conditions for coastal terrace development would seem to be areas with small tidal ranges. Finally, tidal range is an important factor in the generation of tidal currents which may locally become of geomorphological importance (become) 10) The original double entrance doors to the booking hall had been replaced by an utterly incongruous picture window as had adjacent booking hall and waiting room windows. (replace) 3. Directions: Reorder the disordered parts of a sentence to make a complete sentence. 1) A simpleway to describe topology is as a 'rubber sheet geometry' — topologists study those properties of shapes that remain the same when the shapes are stretched or compressed. 2) Since the mid-1990s scientists have floated the idea that representations of numeric quantities, whether expressed as digits or as written words, are codified by the parietal cortex, a higher-processing region in the brain located just above the forehead. 3) As activity was monitored, located just above the forehead ,researchers noted changes under the assumption that the brain reduces activity as it becomes accustomed to a stimulus and then reactivates when a novel stimulus is presented. 4) That has not stopped physicists from devising new algorithms for the devices, which can calculate a lot faster than ordinary computers—in fact, exponentially faster, in quite a literal5sense. 5) Such a device would be made of metamaterial, a thicket of metal rings or other shapes that bends light in funny ways. 4. Directions: Change the following sentences into nominalized ones. 1) The passage of night could be marked by the appearance of 18 of these stars. 2) The full proof of Fermat's Last Theorem is contained in these two papers. 3) The concept of fixed-length hours, however, did not originate until the Hellenistic period. 4) There is a probability that my first sock is red because only one of the remaining three socks is red. 5) The importance of accurate data in quantitative modeling is central to using Bayes's theorem to calculate the probability of the existence of God.Discourse Understanding1. C. A "3 percent margin of error" means that there is a 95 percent chance that the survey result will be within 3 percent of the population value.2. E. How is it that a survey of only 1,000 people can reach this level of accuracy?3. G. The margin of error depends inversely on the square root of the sample size.4. A. The margin of error is a mathematical abstraction, and there are a number of reasons why actual errors in surveys are larger.5. F. Finally, the 3 percent margin of error is an understatement because opinions change.Reading 2 (/doc/a90df7ed551810a6f524860e.html/article.cfm?id=mandelbrot-set-1990-hor gan) Section A Pre-reading TaskWarm-up Questions /doc/a90df7ed551810a6f524860e.html/article.cfm?id=mandelbrot-set-1990 1. Who discovered the Mandelbrot set? This is not a trick question, not easy to answer. Many people including Mandelbrot have laid claim to the discovery. 2. Why was the set named after Benoit B. Mandelbrot? The set is named after Benoit B. Mandelbrot, a mathematician at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center because he coined the term fractal to describe phenomena (such as coastlines, snowflakes, mountains and trees) whose patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales. 3. Why has there been so much controversy about who discovered the Mandelbrot set?6Mandelbrot claims that he and he alone discovered the Mandelbrot set, but there are other mathematicians who have challenged his claim. 4. What did the challengers say about Mandelbrot’s claim of discovery? Two mathematicians said that they independently discovered and described the set at about the same time as Mandelbrot did. And another mathematician also asserted that his work on the set not only predated Mandelbrot's efforts but also helped to guide them 5. Why did some professors support Mandelbrot’s claim? Mandelbrot deserves to have the set named after him, because his efforts brought the set to the attention of both the public and of the pure-mathematics community.Section C Post-reading TaskReading and Understanding1. Choose the best summary of the passage. C A B D2. Complete the sentences based on the text. 1) The term Mandelbrot set is used to refer both to a general class of_________________ and to a particular instance of such a set. （fractal sets） 2) 2.In general, a Mandelbrot set marks the set of points in the _________________ such that the corresponding Julia set is connected and not computable. （complex plane） 3) "The" Mandelbrot set is the set obtained from the _________________ z_(n+1)==z_n︿2+c with z_0==c, where points in the complex plane for which the orbit of z_n tend to infinity are in the set. （quadratic recurrence equation） does not4) Setting z_0 equal to any point in the set that is not a _________________ gives the same result. （periodic point） 5) The Mandelbrot set was originally called a _________________ by Mandelbrot. J. Hubbard and A. Douady proved that the Mandelbrot set is connected（ molecule） /doc/a90df7ed551810a6f524860e.html/11901033_d.html Language in Use1. Match the Chinese in the left column with the English in the right column. 迭代函数 iterative function 优先权之争 priority battle 分形特征 fractal properties7有意义 make sense 以越来越⼩的规模重复同⼀模式 patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales 混沌理论chaos theory 季刊 a quarterly journal 数学界 the mathematics community 波纹线 crisp lines 会议公报 proceedings of a conference 2. Join the following short sentences into longer ones. e.g. a. A fractal is generally a rough or fragmented geometric shape . b. The shape can be subdivided in parts. c. each part is (at least approximately) a reduced-size copy of the whole, a property called d. each part has a property of self-similarity. e.g. A fractal is generally "a rough or fragmentedgeometric shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of which is (at least approximately) a reduced-size copy of the whole", a property called self-similarity. 1) In addition to coining the term "fractal" to describe objects and surfaces which are irregular at various dimensions of scale, he also introduced such concepts as "fractal dimensions" and the particular fractal known as the Mandelbrot set, frequently represented with the mathematical formula z → z2 + c. 2) It appeared that things were settling into a pleasant and fruitful routine, with his school lessons supplemented by long talks with his uncle about classical analysis, the iterative work of Pierre Fatou and the equally fascinating Julia Sets generated by Gaston Julia 3) Just as the youthful Mandelbrot had passed his college entrance exams by translating algebraic problems into geometrical problems, and solving them by intuitively deducing the "perfected" shape, he here realized there was something deeper, something mathematical, behind these strange patterns. 4) But the beauty in Mandelbrot's models was not that they generated a deceitful randomness, but that they could generate graphed data whose visual pattern accurately mimicked the visual patterns created by real phenomena。
《科技英语》课后习题答案.doc
Main Content: UNIT 1 MATHEMATICSI.Text OrganizationParts Paragraphs Main IdeasPart One Paras. 1-3 Game theory can be defined as the science of strategywhich studies both pure conflicts (zero-sum games)and conflicts in cooperative forms.Part Two Paras. 4-11 There are two distinct types of strategicinterdependence: sequential-move game andsimultaneous-move game.Part Three Paras.12-19 The typical examples of game theory are given as the basic principles such as prisoners’dilemma, mixing moves, strategic moves, bargaining, concealing and revealing information.Part Four Para. 20 The research of game theory has succeeded inillustrating strategies in situations of conflict andcooperation and it will focus on the design ofsuccessful strategy in future.nguage PointsThe games it studies range from chess to child rearing and from tennis to takeovers. (Para.1)Paraphrase: The games it (game theory) studies extends from chess to child bringing-up and from tennis to handovers.range: v. to vary between limits, extend, run in a linee.g. (1) The price ranges from $ 30 to $ 80. (2) The boundary ranges from north to south.takeover: n. the act or an instance of assuming control or management of or responsibility for sth. 接收、接管e.g. The economy of Hongkong goes well after its takeover.Game theory was pioneered by Princeton mathematician John von Neumann. (Para.2)pioneer: v. to be a pioneer; to originate (course of action etc., followed later by others)e.g. The new treatment for cancer was pioneered by the experts of state hospital.pioneer: n. original investigator of subject or explorer or settler; initiator of enterprisee.g. The young generation was greatly motivated by the pioneers’ exploits. That is, the participants were supposed to choose and implement their actionsjointly. (Para.2)Paraphrase: That is, the players were expected to select and carry out their actions together.… he must anticipate and overcome resistance to his plans. (Para.3) anticipate: v. 1) to expect or realize beforehand; to foreseee.g. The experts are anticipating the negative effects of air pollution. anticipate: v. 2) to deal with or use before proper time 预支e.g. Ted was not used to saving monthly and he would always anticipate his income.The essence of a game is the interdependence of player strategies. (Para.4) Paraphrase: The key principal of a game is that player strategies are dependent on each other.essence: n.1) the quality which makes a thing what it is; the inner nature or most important quality of a thinge.g. The two things are the same in outward form but different in essence. essence: n. 2) extract obtained from a substance by taking out as much of the mass as possiblee.g. milk essence; essence of peppermint (椒薄荷、椒薄荷油) interdependence: n. the quality or fact of depending on each otherinter-为前缀，意为between each other, 类似的词还有interchange、intermarry、international、interview等。
科技英语课后答案Exercise1
科技英语课后答案Exercise1Exercises 1II 翻译句子，注意“use”的词类与译法2．Use(名词) is made of electricity to run machines.=== Use of electricity is made to run machines.电（的功用）被用于驱动机械。
4．Computer have found wide use(名词)in industry.计算机在产业中找到了广泛的用途。
6．Electricity has been widely used (动词) in the modern world.电已被广泛应用于现代社会。
II 辨别句中的“to”是介词还是动词不定式的标志，并将句子译成汉语。
2．They often go to( 介词) the factory to(不定式标记)work with workers.他们经常到该厂与工人们一起劳动。
4． A magnetic field(主) is （系动词）able（形容词作表语）to (不定式标记)exert a force on an electric current.（不定式短语作状语，修饰表语）磁场能对电流施加作用力；6．The longer the wire, the greater the resistance to（介词）the electrons.线路越长，则对电子的阻碍越大。
由两个形容词比较级单句构成的主从复合句，均为倒装的主系表结构。
由原句省略is而来。
The longer is the wire, the greater is the resistance to the electrons.IV辨别句中的“it”是代词还是代替动词不定式的形式主语，并将句子译成汉语。
2． In order to improve the quality of the product, it（形式主语）is necessary to make various experiments.为了提高产品质量，进行各种实验是必要的。
科技英语部分课后练习答案
III: Text Organization
Part I (1-3):
A multibillion-dollar craft called the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV).
Part II (4-7): David Gump and Gary Hudson;
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III: Translation
11.每个化学元素在周期表中都有一定的原子数和 位置，可以据此来推测其特性：如何同别的元素 相互作用，能形成什么样的化合物，以及它的物 理属性。
12.固体加热到足够温度时，它所含的电子就会有 一部分离开固体表面而飞到周围的空间中去；这 种现象称为热电子放射；通常，电子管就利用这 种现象产生自由电子。
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II: Abstract Correction
The current calibration methods of the projectilevelocity measurement system are introduced, and the problem and the unreasonableness of these methods are analyzed. Based on the principle of the mathematical statistics, the calibration method is investigated that measures the projectile-velocity at the same time by the multi-group zone-block device is unbiased, uniform and efficient and uses the average of the measured value as the true value of the projectile-velocity at the point.
实用科技英语课后习题答案
实用科技英语课后习题答案实用科技英语课后习题答案科技的迅猛发展使得我们的生活变得更加便利和高效。
而学习科技英语也成为了我们不可或缺的一部分。
在实用科技英语课后习题中，我们可以通过解答问题来巩固所学知识。
下面是一些常见的实用科技英语课后习题及其答案。
一、选择题1. What does CPU stand for?A. Central Processing UnitB. Central Power UnitC. Central Program UnitD. Central Performance Unit答案：A. Central Processing Unit2. Which of the following is NOT a programming language?A. JavaB. PythonC. HTMLD. Microsoft Word答案：D. Microsoft Word3. What is the purpose of a firewall?A. To protect against virusesB. To block unauthorized accessC. To increase internet speedD. To store data答案：B. To block unauthorized access4. What is the function of a modem?A. To connect to the internetB. To store dataC. To process calculationsD. To play music答案：A. To connect to the internet二、填空题1. The process of converting analog signals into digital signals is called __________. 答案：digitization2. The abbreviation "HTML" stands for __________.答案：Hypertext Markup Language3. The operating system is responsible for managing __________ resources.答案：computer4. The __________ is a device that allows computers to communicate over telephone lines.答案：modem三、简答题1. What is the difference between hardware and software?答案：Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the monitor, keyboard, and hard drive. Software, on the other hand, refers tothe programs and applications that run on the hardware. In simple terms, hardware is the tangible part of the computer system, while software is the intangible part.2. What is the purpose of an operating system?答案：The operating system is responsible for managing the computer's resources, such as the memory, processor, and input/output devices. It provides a user interface for interacting with the computer and allows users to run programs and access files. In addition, the operating system ensures that different programs can run simultaneously without interfering with each other.3. What is the difference between a LAN and a WAN?答案：A LAN (Local Area Network) is a network that covers a small geographical area, such as a home, office, or school. It allows computers and devices within the network to communicate with each other. A WAN (Wide Area Network), on the other hand, covers a larger geographical area and connects multiple LANs together. It enables communication between different locations, such as branches of a company or cities.四、解答题1. Explain the concept of cloud computing.答案：Cloud computing refers to the practice of storing and accessing data and programs over the internet instead of on a local computer or server. It allows users to access their files and applications from anywhere with an internet connection. The data and programs are stored on remote servers maintained bya cloud service provider. Cloud computing offers several advantages, such as scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of collaboration.2. Discuss the impact of artificial intelligence on society.答案：Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionize various aspects of society. It can automate repetitive tasks, improve efficiency, and enhance decision-making. However, there are concerns about the impact of AI on jobs, privacy, and ethics. As AI technology continues to advance, it is important to strike a balance between its benefits and potential risks.总结：通过解答实用科技英语课后习题，我们可以巩固所学的科技英语知识。
科技英语课后练习答案
科技英语课后练习答案Unit 1 练习答案及课文译文Part 2 Reading AI1 F2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process．3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis．4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top．5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.III1.d2.e3.b4.j5.i6.c7.f8.h9.g 10.aIV1.处理速度2.用户友好的交互图形3. 产品周期4. 设计规格5. 设计评价6.CAD7.CAM8.CAE9.design process 10.production processUnit 3Part 2 Reading AⅠ Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage.1.F2.T3.F4.F5.T6.F7.T8.T9.F 10.FⅡGive brief answers to the following questio ns.1. Nissan will unveil a new city car ,the pixo and a battery-electric concept car2. Pixo is available with manual or automatic transmissions.3. Sales start from late spring 2009.4. The NuVu battery pack uses new laminated lithium-ion cells with a capacity of 140 wh/kg .5.There are no door mirrors to disturb the airflow.Ⅲ Match the items listed in the following two columns.1-5 j f d c g6-10 e I h b aⅣ Translate the following expressions.1.手动或自动挡2.内部设计3.薄板锂离子电池4.太阳能电池板5.头尾灯6 concept car7. Horse power8. test bed9. battery pack10. turning circleⅤTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 尼桑推出了一种新产品—城市汽车Pixo和一款电力驱动的概念车—NuVu，预示了尼桑未来的重点会放在电力驱动车上。
科技英语翻译课后答案
科技英语翻译课后答案第一篇：科技英语翻译课后答案科技英语翻译1.1 翻译的标准第1节翻译练习1 The power plant is the heart of a ship.The power unit for driving the machines is a 50-hp induction motor.动力装置是船舶的心脏。
驱动这些机器的动力装置是一台50马力的感应电动机。
第1节翻译练习2 Semiconductor devices, called transistors, are replacing tubes in many applications.Cramped conditions means that passengers’ legs cannot move around freely.All bodies are known to possess weight and occupy space.半导体装置也称为晶体管，在许多场合替代电子管。
我们知道，所有的物体都有重量并占据空间。
空间狭窄，旅客的两腿就不能自由活动。
第1节翻译练习3 The removal of minerals from water is called softening.A typical foliage leaf of a plant belonging to the dicotyledons is composed of two principal parts: blade and petiole.去除水中的矿物质叫做软化。
双子叶植物典型的营养叶由两个主要部分组成：叶片和叶柄。
1.2 对译者的要求第4节翻译练习1 Einstein’s relativity theory is the only one which can explain such phenomena.All four(outer planets)probably have cores of metals, silicates, and water.爱因斯坦的相对论是能解释这种现象的唯一理论。
科技英语课后题答案
答案：答案：练习1：1. A rocket is made of metal.2. A battery is a device that gives a constant voltage.3. What a good computer (it is)！ How good a computer (it is)!4. In a computer, the tendency is to operate as high a clock rate as possible.5. A body must be made to move, or no work will be done.6. This railroad is 6 times longer than that one.7. Ordinary windows cannot withstand so large a force.8. This value is one third what it was.9. This is too complicated a problem for us to go into here.10. It will take a computer half an hour to solve this problem.练习2：1. We obtained this result with great ease.2. There are many instruments in common use.3. Forces are measured in newtons.4. The concept of gravity will be introduced in the next section.5. Of the first three chapters, the first one introduces nuclear energy.6. These two values differ by 5.7. This new device has many advantages over those old ones.8. We need to solve these equations for those unknowns.9. In everyday life, forces seem to be transmitted only by 9. In everyday life, forces seem to be transmitted only by ““direct contact direct contact””.10. This result looks correct.11 . This point cannot be overemphasized. 12. Their distance apart is very small.练习3：1. This quantity of information is approximately proportional to the range of frequencies usable/ available.2. All the chemistry textbooks available mention this phenomenon.3.In a normal atom, the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons present.4.In this paper there is nothing special.5. In this case the signal waveform can be transmitted undistorted.6. The rays of the sun reach the earth almost parallel.7. This is a positive number larger than 1.8. Such sequences must have a limit either finite or infinite.9. This method can be used to handle problems too complex to be solved by inspection.10. All systems, living and mechanical, are (both) information and feedback control systems.11. Simple in structure and low in price, this machine is warmly received by users.12. Contrary to common belief, Dr.Gordon was not the first to use the metal. 13. The ball is moving parallel to the table 13. The ball is moving parallel to the table’’s surface.14. This circuit operates similar to a counter.15. This is a straight ling 5 meters long.练习4：1. One of the advantages of these new devices over the old ones is their small size.2. Because of its great importance, this circuit will be discussed in detail later.4. Our discussion of this topic will be presented in the next chapter.6. The density of water is higher than that of ice.7. By efficiency one means the ratio of output to input.9. These results are in agreement with the experimental ones.10. These computers are similar to those in our labortory.练习51. This is any constant not zero.6. These devices have been factory calibrated accurately.11. These measurements must be made at many frequencies, a rather time-consuming and tedious task.13. This method has an advantage over that of example 2.17. The variation of speed with time is shown in Fig. 6-6.练习73. The stationary electric charge can never interact with a magnet.4. Eq. (5-18) cannot be satisfied for all values of x and t.5. None of the textbooks available have mentioned this problem.7. This instrument does not appear to be good as that one.9. This figure indicates that the speed of light is not infinite as many people believed at that time.10. These rules are not valid for all types of circuits.练习8：2. The better one knows C, the harder it seems to be to avoid writing C ++ in C style3. In a well-designed instrument, R4 may be as high as 105. In this case, switch resistance is much less important.8. The whale 8. The whale’’s body is a thousand times heavier than its brain, while the elephant s body is a thousand times heavier than its brain, while the elephant’’s body is about 5 hundred times as heavy.9. There are probably as many different techniques as there are service men.练习9：1. In recent years, they have been designing a new kind of product.2. We discussed this problem briefly in chapter 1.3. That aircraft is being assembled.4. It has been/ is more than 10years since this professor became an academician.5. By the end of this year, these engineers will have worked in this research institute for 20years.6. The world is always changing.7. Up to now, we have been concerned only with the motion of particles.8. This is the first time they have ever developed this new kind of computer.9. A few years ago, the NASA said that they would establish a space factory.10. That chief physician told us that his research group had found a new kind of virus.练习练习10： 1. Full use should be made of the computers available.or: The computer available should be made full use of. 2. Each point is assigned a number.3. Now we are told that I is proportional to V .4. Nonlinear equations will be discussed in chapter5.5. This stone is being acted on by 3 forces.6. The reader may not be convinced that this is true.练习11：2. To deform anything requires a force.3. To do work is to move a body through a distance.5. In this laboratory there are many devices for students to choose from.7. This case is particularly simple to analyze.8. It requires much time and effort for scientific knowledge to be applied to the practical affairs of life.9. There are wide differences in the ability of various substances to conduct heat.10. Gravity is the tendency of all objects to attract each other.11. This unit determines which of these operations to perform.12. In some experiments, you will be told what to measure and what instruments to use.练习12：对比对比 练习11第一题：第一题：All matter is found to be composed of atoms or molecules.Ⅲ1. This is a device consisting f five parts.2. Resistance equals voltage divided by current.3. Flowing through a circuit, the current will meet some opposition.4. Expressed in a formula, this law can be written as follows.5. This battery, properly used, may last for a long time.6. A force can be resolved into two components, one of them (being) vertical and the other horizontal.Ⅳ1. Let us construct, with the origin as center, a circle of radius R.2. A tiny nucleus is at the center of the atom, with its electrons some distance away.3. With no friction present, energy would not be lost.4. This device was designed with security in mind.5. The equations with V proportional to F can be solved this way.6. A keyboard is the device with buttons on it.练习13：1. There are many ways of generating electricity.4. Upon/ On rearranging the above equations, we obtain the following set of equations.5. In using the above equation, attention must be paid to the sign.6. Compressing a gas quickly raises its temperature.8. The more crowded the conditions, the greater the chances of epidemics breaking out.练习17：1. It is necessary to know what units are used for measuring the quantity of heat.2. This book tells the reader what electric circuits are and what we do with them.4. Force is what makes bodies move.5. What this chapter describes is extremely important.7. This concept will be introduced in what the author hopes is a clear and concise manner.9. What we call the weight of a body is really the attractive force which the earth exerts on the body. 10. The current in this branch has become 10 times what it was.练习182. There is almost no natural science but requires mathematics.4. It is unfortunate that early cancer is painless; otherwise, cancer would not be the problem (that) it is.9. Faraday was the scientist who discovered electromagnetic induction.10. Gain is the number of times an amplifier amplifies a signal.练习19：1. These two laws are the foundation on which all other laws in electricity are built.6. They derived an equation, the solution to which is very simple.8. The author would like to thank the editors of the series of which this book is a part.练习20：1. We can let the x-axis coincide with one of the forces, which will simplify the problem.5. As the name shows, a conductor is the substance that conducts electric current.6. This resulted in the creation of 6. This resulted in the creation of ““high-speed mechanics high-speed mechanics””, or as it is called relativistic mechanics.7. The result is as shown in Fig. 2.练习22：1. There does exist water on that planet.2. It is not clear by what method it is that this equation can be solved.4. It is this advantage of the device with which we are concerned.5. It may well be this flaw that often leads to the failure of that computer.6. It is what this paper describes that has attracted many readers.练习23：3. Below / Here is a table of conductivities of some metals we are familiar with.6. Shown in Fig. 1-1 is a block diagram of a digital computer.7. By speed is meant the ratio of distance to time.9. This problem we shall discuss in detail later.10. By no means do ions move in a wire.练习24：3. It is necessary to find the current through and the voltage across the capacitor.5. This value is less than or equal to unity.6. No matter how high the density, solar matter can be considered as an ideal gas.7.Different emf’’s result in potential gradients. hence electric fields.7.Different emf。
研究生科技英语阅读课后答案(全)
Unit 1Genetically Modified Foods—Feed the World?II.Vocabulary1. alternative2. modification3. devastating4. rigorous5. collaborate6. recoup7. incentive8. restriction9. subjected to10. array of 11.attribute … to12.being exposed…to13.incorporate… into14.fortified with15. suffers fromIII.Translation(1) vocal green lobbies 主张环保的游说集团arable land 耕地面积vitamin A deficiency 缺乏维生素Anutritionally improved crops 增进营养成分的农作物restore the balance 避免这一损失staple crops主要粮食作物neutralize aluminum toxicity中和铝的毒性overall crop productivity农业总产量transport infrastructures运输基础设施target rich markets把富裕国家的市场作为目标I 阅读理解，共6篇，每篇5个问题，共30分。
II 完型填空，1篇，阅读教材前10课的课后题，15个选项10个空，所考空格会发生变化，共10分。
III 翻译1.英译汉，共2篇段落翻译，一篇是阅读教材前10课课文中的段落，一篇是翻译教材中语篇翻译，共10分。
2.汉译英，共10句，阅读教材前10课课后题，共20分。
IV 写作1. 应用文写作，80字左右，共10分。
2.大作文，180字左右，共20分。
(2) 转基因食品来源于转基因生物体。
转基因生物体自身发生了特定变化，基因工程技术使得其DNA发生这种变化成为可能。
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科技英语课后答案第一章科技英语阅读第一节科技英语主要特点I.1.The first three sentences in Passage One are all constructed with passive voicewhile the first three sentences in Passage Two are constructed with active voice. Therefore, the language in Passage One sounds more formal and objective than that of Passage Two.2.The words spoken by Sheila in Passage Two are informal. Examples: "There'sRavi at the home of that American doctor." (Contracted form); "A wonderful guy." (Incomplete sentence); "Ravi looks sweet, doesn 't he?" (Question tag).3.In the second paragraph of Passage One, "it" refers to "to use insecticideregularly, on a very large scale."4.In the second paragraph of Passage Two, "through" means "finish" or"complete."5.Passage One is written for academic purpose and Passage Two mainly forentertainment.II.Passage OneA blast of hot air is sent into the bottom of the furnace to make the coke burn fiercely. It is blown into the furnace through pipes. These pipes are installed around the circumference of the blast furnace eight feet above the bottom.While the coke is burning and iron is melting, gas is formed at the top of the chamber. This is led off from the top of the furnace to be used. It contains carbon monoxide, which is combustible. Part of this gas is used for making the air blast hot. It is led off into stoves.Passage TwoAll elements are composed of discrete units called atoms, which are the smallest particles that exhibit the characteristics of the element. Atoms are tiny units of matter composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged electrons, and electrically neutral neutrons. Protons and neutrons, which have approximately the same mass, are clustered in the nucleus in the center of the atom. Electrons, which are tiny in comparison to the other units, orbit the nucleus at high speed. Atoms that have an equal number of electrons and protons are electrically neutral. Those that have gained or lost electrons, and therefore are positively or negatively charged, are called ions.第二节科技、半科技英语专业术语I.1. D (自动驾驶仪)2. F (生物钟)3. I (热核的)4. G (地热的)5. B (微波)6. J (放射疗法)7. E (光周期)8. A (超导体)9. H (远距离操纵器) 10. C (超显微/滤过性病毒)II.1. 一位从事航空医学研究的医生2. 防止计算机犯罪的措施3. 一种新型除霜器4. 一个用光电池驱动的玩具5. 一辆装有自动报警器的汽车6. 隔音材料7. 一种广泛使用的杀虫剂（农药）8. 用放射性碳做的试验9. 电信业的发展10. 一台通用机床III.1. in-(Inorganic)2. radio- (radioactive)3. hydro- (Hydrotherapy)4. -free (caffeine-free)5. infra- (infrared) / ultra- (ultrared)6. mono- (monorail)7. aero- (Aerodynamics) 8. -fold (33-fold)9. geo- (geocentric) 10. -proof (weatherproof)11. bio- (biotechnology) 12. anti- (antibiotic)IV. 发电站2. 矿物燃料 3. 太阳黑子 4. 航天探测器 5. 滚珠轴承6. 涡轮7. 航天飞机8. 树木的年轮9. 离心调速器10. 心肌功能V.1. flow2. laws3. law4. conserved5. transferred6. transformed7. bond8. thermodynamics9. work 10. law 11. degraded 12. work13. law 14. state 15. disorder 16. energy17. law 18. biological 19. metabolically 20. cellVI.1.很明显，许多家用电器的加热和照明作用都依靠电阻。
2.气体如果不封闭在刚性的容器内就会膨胀，受热的气球便可说明这一现象。
3.在化学变化中，粒子结构发生变化，生成新的物质。
4.19世纪，电力设备以及由此兴起的工业得到迅速发展，而当时人们对电的性质还不完全了解。
5.应注意保证脉冲信号本身不出现不规则现象和中断现象。
6.可以有把握地说，除了琥珀之外，许多其他物质通过摩擦也能带电。
第三节科技英语中的复合词与专有名词1. H (耐热的，抗热的，不传热的)2. E (带宽)3. J (流线型的)4. B (基岩)5. G (耗电量大的)6. A (太空行走)7. I (用水制冷的) 8. D (液态的)9. F (用防火材料保护的，阻燃的) 10. C (网络)II.1. stress shock, stress-related diseases2. solid-state semiconductor devices3. energy-efficient appliances5. steam engine6. soil organisms7. windborne dust8. the chain reaction9. Fuelwood shortages10. heat- and scratch-resistant surfaces III.1. nylon2. volt3. pasteurization4. Morse code5. Bunsen burner6. mackintosh7. Doppler effect8. Xerox9. newton 10. ampere第四节科技英语中的复数形式与缩略语I.1. bacteria2. spectra / spectrums3. radius4. Fungi5. nucleus6. formula7. phenomenon8. Algae/Algas9. larvae /larvas 10. stratumII.1. F (computer disc read-only memory)2. J (ear, nose, and throat)3. A (ribonucleic acid)4. H (unidentified flying object)5. C (microwave landing system)6. B (video-display terminal)7. I (personal computer)8. E (ultraviolet)9. G (computer-aided manufacturing)10. D (artificial intelligence)III.1.上述定理和定律不但对直流电路而言是正确的，对交流电路而言也同样是正确的。
2.美国通常的家用电压是110-220伏，因为人们发现更高的电压会造成致命的事故。
3.4500型平版印刷机（人们给该机器取的名字）能过生产1英寸厚的18英寸彩色液晶显示屏。
4.该发生器每小时产生蒸汽20万磅。
5.电离层的结构是变化的，这就意味着，高频无线电通信的频率极限也是变化的。
第五节科技英语的主要句型I.1. The first program would require a minimum of 108 weeks, while the second 722. Heated to 100°C, water will start boiling.3. The nutrient solution will support growth even if highly dilute.4. Two or three hundred of these wires, each about 0.19 inches in diameter, areclamped together to form a single strand.5. The three groups of tranquilizers are marketed in the United States, but notcommonly used in Britain.II.1. Common salt is soluble in water.2. Benzene has a boiling point of 80.4°C under normal pressure.3. This plastics material has greater rigidity.4. The beam has an I-shaped cross-section.5. This specimen has a length of 3-26 cm.6. The storage vessel has a capacity of 10,000 liters.7. A brief description is given of the use and development trends of telecommunication.8. Some scientists have suggested an immediate ban on the use of fluorocarbons.III.1. In planning a road, extensive preliminary surveys must be carried out to determinethe precise line of the road.2. In such cases, precautions have to be taken to avoid damage to the mechanism.3. First, the tents must be spaced at 25-foot intervals to prevent flame spread.4. The solution is weakened by the addition of more water.5. Electricity can be transmitted by means of wires.6. The microscope enables small objects to be observed.7. These methods of joining metal are normally adopted for strong permanent joints.8. The existence of the biological clock was first recognized in the early 18th century.9. The way this danger has been assessed and the action taken reflects a growingawareness of the problem.10. After the soil has been excavated to the appropriate depth and filled, it is compacted by a roller until it is firm.第六节科技英语篇章阅读方法第二章科技英语翻译I 词的翻译1 根据词的搭配选择词义Solid：h), b), g), d), i), f), j), a), c), k), m), l), e)2根据专业确定词义System：(1) human ocular system 视觉系统(医学)(2) rocket system 多级火箭（航天）(3) pilling system 打桩工程(土木工程)(4) wiring system 电路图(电路)(5) transmission system 发送站(无线电)(6) trunk system 长途电话网(邮电)(7) stress system 应力状态(力学)(8) phone-vision system 电视电话(通讯)(9) system of government 政体(政治)10) strip system 带伐作业( 林业)(11) o ptical system 光具组(光学)(12) p arallel system 平行式布置(设计)3 根据词类或语境确定词义(1) round锭子同时绕两个垂直的轴旋转。