新概念英语第一册语法知识点:宾语从句

新概念英语第一册语法知识点:宾语从句
新概念英语第一册语法知识点:宾语从句

新概念英语第一册语法知识点:宾语

从句

学习英语并不难啊。你还在为英语成绩低拖后腿而烦恼吗?今天给大家带来了新概念英语第一册语法解析:一般过去时,希望能够帮助到大家,下面就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

新概念英语第一册语法知识点:宾语从句

宾语从句

一、重要语法:宾语从句

1、宾语从句

本课侧重的是由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的用法,主要的疑问词有if/whether/how/why/what/when/where等。如:

I dont know when Ill finish.

My wife wants to know if Mary needs any help. I dont know what youre

talking about.

二、课文主要语言点

Is that you, John? Yes, speaking. 注意打电话时的习惯用语。如果电话接通后,要找某人接电话,一般可以说:May I speak to sb.? 也可以像课文里这样直接询问对方是否就是

你要找的人:Is that you, sb.?

如果接电话的人正是对方要找的人,则可回答:This is sb.

speaking.或者简单回答:Speaking。原文中的speaking就是简短回答,其完整形式为:This is John speaking.

Tell Mary well be late for dinner this evening. 1)tell sb.

sth.,tell为双宾动词,可以改为:tell sth. to sb.。但是,当直接引语为句子时,只能用tell sb. sth.(从句)的结构2)be late for,迟到。

Im afraid I dont understand. Im

afraid后接宾语从句,省略了连接词that。这是形容词后接宾语从句的用法,that一般都会省略。如:Im sure he will come here

on time tomorrow. 需要注意的是,当Im

afraid要翻译成中文时,不要译为“我恐怕”,而要译为“恐怕”,这样比较符合中文的表达习惯。

Hasnt Mary told you? She invited Charlotte

and me to dinner this evening.

1)Hasnt...?,反问句,一般不需要回答。2)invite sb. to

sth.,邀请某人到某场合(如吃饭或聚会)。需要注意的是,如果邀请后面接的是动作,则采用:invite sb. to do

sth.。可拓展invite的名词invitation。

I said I would be at your house at six oclock,

but the boss wants me to do some extra work.

1)I said I would...,可复习一下间接引语的用法。2)be at,到达,相当于arrive at。3)do extra

work,加班。

Ill have to stay at the office.

I dont know when Ill finish.

1)will have to,必须。2)when引导的是宾语从句,注意从句的语序要采用陈述句语序。

Oh, and by the way, my wife wants to know

if Mary needs any help.

1)by the way,顺便说一声。

2)if引导的是宾语从句。与其他疑问词不一样的是,当if或whether用来连接宾语从句时,其直接引语原句是一般疑问句,而不是特殊疑问句。比如,课文里的这句话的直接引语应该是:Does

Mary need any help? 3)need在此用作实义动词,直接后接名词。可以复习一下need作为情态动词和实义动词的用法及其区别。

I dont know what youre talking about. what引导的是宾语从句,在从句中充当about的宾语。

That is John Smith, isnt it? Yes, Im John Smith. 注意打电话时,指代对方时多用that

is来指代you are。

You are John Smith, the engineer, arent you?

Thats right.

注意the engineer用作John Smith的同位语,而且用逗号隔开,起到强调作用,强调的是身为工程师的那个John Smith。

You work for the Overseas Engineering Company, dont you? No, I dont.

1)work for,在哪儿工作、为谁工作。2)overseas,海外。注意别漏了s。

Im John Smith the telephone engineer

and Im repairing your telephone line.

the telephone engineer用作John Smith的同位语。用逗号隔开,朗读时重读,以起到强调作用。

新概念英语第一册语法知识点:主语从句的用法

主语从句的用法

一、定义

在句子中担当主语的从句,就叫主语从句。通常放在主句谓语动词之前,或由形式主语it代替、而本身放在句子末尾。

二、连接词

根据主语从句所缺句子成分的情况,主语从句会由不同的连接词连接,常见的连接词有:that、if/whether、连接代词、连接副词和what。

三、that引导的主语从句

(一)

当主语从句本身不缺成分时,就会使用that来连接。此时,that只起连接作用,但不能省略。如:

That he will come to our village tomorrow surprises us all.

(他要来我们村,让我们都感到很惊讶。)

That she used to be a spy is known to all. (大家都知道,她过去是个间谍。)

这种情况下,因为主语从句往往比谓语部分更长,会导致整个句子头重脚轻,所以经常会用it作为形式主语来替换主语从句,而把主语从句放到句末。此时,that也只起连接作用,但可以省略。比如,以上两个句子就存在这个问题,所以一般都会改为:

It surprises us all (that) he will come to our village tomorrow.

It is known to all (that) she used to be a spy. (二)

如果句子是疑问句,则必须用带形式主语it的结构。如:

That she is our English teacher is true. (她是我们的英语老师,是真的。)

That he has been there twice is a fact. (他去过那儿两次了,是真的。)

这两句话如果改为一般疑问句时,不能这么改:

错误:Is that she is your English teacher true?

错误:Is that he has been there twice a fact?

而是要改为含有形式主语it的句子:

Is it true that she is your English teacher?

Is it a fact that he has been there twice?

(三)

在形式主语it引导的主语从句结构“It

is+形容词/名词/名词短语等+that主语从句”中,如果is后面的表语是表示重要或必要等(如important、necessary、a necessity等)含义时,that从句中的谓语动词一般要采用“should+do”的虚拟语气形式,should经常省略。如:It is imperative that we (should) make a quick decision. (我们要尽快做出决定。)

It is necessary that we (should) learn English well. (我们必须学好英语。)

四、if/whether引导的主语从句

当主语从句本身含有是否的意思时,连接词必须用if或whether。但是,如果主语从句位于句首时,只能用whether,不能用if。如:

Whether it will do good to us remains to be seen. (是否对我们有害还要看一看。)

这种情况下,因为主语从句也比较长,会导致头重脚轻的情况,所以也经常用形式主语it来代替,而把主语从句放到句末去。此时,连接词除了用whether外,也可以用if。如上面的句子就可以改为:

It remains to be seen if/whether it will do good to us.

再比如:

Whether the band would visit our city was still a mystery.

(这个乐队是否会来我们城市仍然是个谜。)

上面的句子可以改为:

It was still a mystery if/whether the band would visity our city.

五、连接代词引导的主语从句

常用来连接主语从句的连接代词有:who、whom、whose、which、whoever、whomever、whichever等。这些连接代词在从句中有的作主语,有的作宾语,有的作定语。如:

作主语:Who won the game hasnt been announced yet. (谁赢得了比赛,还没宣布。)

作宾语:Whom you talked to just now will be confirmed later.

(你刚才跟谁说话了,之后会证实的。)

作定语:Whichever nation explodes an atomic bomb will engage the whole world in

war. (无论哪个国家使用.会使全世界卷入战争。)

为了避免头重脚轻,这种情况下的主语从句也经常用形式主语it来代替,而把主语从句放到句末。但是,连接代词始终都不能省略。如上面的两句话可以改为:

It hasnt been announced yet who won the game.

It will be confirmed later whom you talked to just now.

It will engage the whole world in war whichever nation explodes an atomic

bomb.

六、连接副词引导的主语从句

能够用来连接主语从句的连接副词主要有:when、where、why、how等。这些连接副词在主语从句中作状语。如:When they will arrive at the station doesnt matter. (他们何时到站没有什么关系。)

How the accident happended is still unknown. (这场事故是怎么发生的,还不清楚。)

Why he was absent from the meeting remains a mystery.

(他为什么没有参加会议仍然是个谜。)

Where I will spend my summer is none of your business. (我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。)

为了避免头重脚轻,上面的句子可以改为:

It doesnt matter when they will arrive at the station.

It is still unknown how the accident happended.

It remains a mystery why he was absent from the meeting.

It is none of your business where I will spend my summer.

七、what引导的主语从句

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