望帆关于初级写作Interactive Writing 1-汇总
雅思写作(基础部分)
常用谚语40条 1）Not to advance is to go back. 不进则退。 2）Necessity is the mother of invention. 3) Science to the human mind is what air or water is to the body. 4) Dress up a stick and it doesn’t seem a stick. 5) An English man’s house is his castle. 6) The beaten road is the safest. / It is wise to learn at another man’s cost. 经验 Experience without learning is better than learning without experience. 7) As you brew, so must you drink . 8）A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush. /Opportunity knocks at the door only once. 机会 Better an egg today than a hen yesterday. /God gives the milk, but not the pail. 9）Discontent is the first step in progress.不满 10) Culture is “to know the best that has been said and thought in the world. 11）Don’t put the cart before the horse. 不要本末倒置。 12）If you run after two hares, you can catch neither. 13) One can’t put back the clock. 时光不能倒流。 14）You can lead a horse to water, but you can’t make him drink. 不能强人所难。 15）The waves behind drive on those behinds, so the new excels the old. 长江后浪推前浪。 16）Labor is often the father of pleasure. 17) He that travels far knows much. 旅行长见识。 18）Sound in body, sound in mind. 身心健康。 19) Do in Rome as Romans do. 入乡随俗。 20) Don’t empty the baby out with the bath water.
初级写作
• My friend has done the same as she says ,I’m happy to have such a friend ,If she is in trouble .I’ll try to help her . • Do you like her?
My best friend 朱洁修
Case 2. My Dream
I always dream that I can fly. I often dream that I can talk to cat. I sometimes dream of being a football star. I never dream that I have a cat. I always dream of being a super star. I often that I can talk to dog. I never dream that I have a dog. I sometimes dream that I can ski. • (短评:一句话作文，句式单一，没有扩展)
典型例句
• a) she likes cook，she is cook every day. • b)she like color is pink, she like pet is dog. • c)she is very good, father, grandmother and me like she very much. d)she can cooking and washes.
• She likes helping others, too. • Once ,I was ill at home ,she lived far away from my home ,but she came to me and help me with my study ,I was deeply moved, so we became best friends. • She is very friendly to people as well. • Once, a boy misunderstood her ,and put ink on her book ,but she didn’t blame him. • She always says:“A life without a friend is a life without sunshine .” My friend has
英语写作基础知识
1. SV: The sun is shining. 2. SVO: You should also consider this.
Samples
3. SVC: The apple tastes good.
4. SVA: I was at college.
me angrily
suddenly
in his the book quietly room
all afternoon
behind me
主语部分
谓语部分
1. I He
I
They
2. enjoyed
planted
borrowed built
3.
4.
复合句（Complex Sentence): a complex sentence is one that contains one independent clause and one or more subordinate or dependent clauses.
Example
I was reading a book when he came.
Make necessary corrections to make them complete.
1. I dislike dogs because very smelly (气味难闻). -I dislike dogs because they are very smelly.
2. The dogs always noisy and try to jump on me when I go to visit. -The dogs are always noisy and try to jump on me when I go to visit them.
初中英语作文写作课(精编版)-PPT课件(共17张)
Compare (比较)
Different students have different ideas about the Internet. Most students think that the Internet is very useful in our life. First of all, we can learn a lot from the Internet. We can also listen to music and enjoy movies for fun. Besides, our life becomes more convenient with the Internet. However, some other students feel differently. There are lots of unhealthy pictures or movies on the Internet. They make students lose interest in their study.
The beginning
三段式 The body ----用例子、实事或数据围绕主题开展叙述、讨论。【注意使用 （总-分 支持句 连接词】 -总）
The ending
结论句----对全文的总结和概括。 【结尾画龙点睛，首尾呼应】
Writing skills—seven steps
审清题意 誊写规范
(复述)
Key sentence1
Topic
On the Internet
Body
正文
Most students…
Besides make…more convenient
Supporting sentences Key sentence2
英语写作(一)Unit 1 The Correct Word(I)
9/6/2016
Task One :
Discuss the denotations and connotations of mother and weed.
a woman who is a parent
Country mother
→ ｛qualities such as → ｛
protectiveness and affection
9/6/2016
Task Two
Choose the best modifiers for the following noun phrases.
9/6/2016
Country Pronounced
→ → → →
- accent - effect - report/ account/ description - achievement
Nation
State Land
9/6/2016
⑴ 中国是一个历史悠久的伟大国家。 China is a great country with a long history. ⑵ 听到这个噩耗，全国人民都沉浸在深切的悲 痛之中。 The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news. ⑶ 马克思与恩格斯对于国家有独创的见解。 Marx and Engels had original ideas of the state. ⑷ 为什么我的眼里常含着泪水， 因为我对这片土地爱得深沉。 Why are my eyes always filled with tears? ‘cause I love this land so deeply.
9/6/2016
Ⅱ. Denotation and
初级英语的作文
初级英语的作文Writing an Elementary English EssayCrafting an effective elementary English essay can be a rewarding and enriching experience for students. At the foundational level of English language learning, the essay provides a structured platform for learners to showcase their growing command of vocabulary, grammar, and the art of composition. Whether the essay prompt calls for a personal narrative, a descriptive piece, or an expository analysis, the process of planning, drafting, and revising allows students to hone their writing skills in a meaningful way.One of the primary goals of an elementary English essay is to encourage clear and coherent expression. Students at this level are still developing their fluency in the language, so the essay format offers a supportive framework for organizing their thoughts and presenting them in a logical flow. The introduction serves as a crucial starting point, where the writer can establish the central idea or thesis statement and provide a roadmap for the reader. Well-structured body paragraphs, each focusing on a distinct supportingpoint, help to sustain the narrative or argument, while the conclusion offers an opportunity to synthesize the key elements and leave a lasting impression.Throughout the essay-writing process, students must pay close attention to the mechanics of the English language. Proper sentence structure, subject-verb agreement, and the correct use of tenses are all essential components of a well-crafted piece. Equally important is the selection and application of appropriate vocabulary, which can elevate the writer's style and convey their ideas with greater precision. Mastering the nuances of English grammar and diction is a gradual journey, but the essay format encourages learners to actively engage with these linguistic tools and refine their skills over time.Beyond the technical aspects of writing, the elementary English essay also provides a platform for self-expression and personal growth. Depending on the prompt, students may be asked to draw upon their own experiences, emotions, or perspectives to craft a meaningful narrative. This process of self-reflection and storytelling can be immensely rewarding, as it allows learners to explore their individuality and find their unique voice within the English language. The act of sharing one's thoughts and experiences with an audience can also foster a sense of confidence and accomplishment, further motivating students to continue developing their writing abilities.In the classroom setting, the elementary English essay can serve as a valuable tool for assessment and feedback. Teachers can use the essay to gauge a student's progress, identify areas for improvement, and provide targeted guidance and support. Through constructive feedback and opportunities for revision, students learn to view the essay-writing process as an iterative journey, where each draft and iteration brings them closer to their goal of effective, polished communication.Moreover, the skills acquired through elementary English essay writing can have far-reaching implications beyond the classroom. The ability to organize thoughts, construct coherent arguments, and express oneself clearly and concisely are highly transferable skills that can benefit students in a wide range of academic and professional pursuits. Whether they are preparing for higher-level coursework, applying for scholarships or jobs, or engaging in public discourse, the foundations laid through elementary English essay writing can serve as a valuable springboard for future success.In conclusion, the elementary English essay is a powerful learning tool that helps students develop a strong command of the language while also fostering personal growth and self-expression. By guiding learners through the process of planning, drafting, and revising their work, teachers can cultivate essential writing skills, encourage critical thinking, and empower students to find their unique voice within theEnglish language. As students progress through their educational journey, the lessons and experiences gained from elementary English essay writing will continue to serve them well, equipping them with the communication skills and confidence necessary to thrive in an increasingly globalized world.。
英语写作unit1
英语写作unit1<<英语写作>>课程导读Part1: Introduction of the course写作是和听、说、读等技能紧密结合的。
Unit 1: Writing process第一单元: 写作过程----分析讨论写作的一般程序过程, 反思自己的写作习惯;Unit 2: Wording skills第二单元: 选词方式----分析英文写作过程中常犯的中式英语错误, 辨析近义词的差异, 洞悉同一词语在中英文化背景下的不同内涵或不同词语在中英文化背景下的相同内涵,尽量做到选词的多样化;Unit 3: Topic sentence paragraph第三单元: 主题句段落----分析主题句的含义及其特点, 一般主题句的位置所在;Unit 4: Defining第四单元: 定义法----了解并运用定义法的四种类别(词语----句子----段落----文章);Unit 5: Comparing and contrasting第五单元: 比较对照法----了解并运用比较对照写作的一般方法;Unit 6: Cause and effect第六单元: 原因结果法----了解并运用原因结果法的要点和原则Unit 7: Classification and division第七单元: 归纳分类法----了解归纳分类写作的核心和特点;Unit 8: Narration第八单元: 叙事法----叙述事件的顺序、选材以及用词;Unit 9: Description第九单元: 描述法----了解描写的方法, 对场景、人物、地点、习俗、物体、天气过程等进行描写;Unit 10: Argumentation第十单元: 论说法----了解论说文的结构(论点,论据, 论证和结论), 熟悉掌握论证的方法; Unit 11: Exposition第十一单元: 说明法----了解熟悉说明文的结构及其方法;Unit 12: Resume and cover letter第十二单元: 求职简历----了解求职简历的特点, 内容和写作方法;Unit 13: Letter writing第十三单元: 书信写作----了解熟悉信函的种类及其写作方法, 对比中英文书信的区别; Unit 14: Report writing第十四单元: 看图作文----了解看图作文的特点和写作方法;Unit 15: Summary writing第十五单元: 摘要技巧----了解摘要的类别和写作技巧Part 2:Writing habits平时在进行写作的时候，要用批判的眼光自己来检查一下，是否还有改进的余地。
写作教程第一册1~3单元答案
写作教程第一册部分答案(Units1~3)Unit 1Part IV Writing Notes (1)Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communicationand they are quick, easy and convenient.2.A note has three essential components:①the addressee--the person(s)to whom the note is written; ②the message; ③the sender3.Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, anddedication to a single topic.Part V Follow-up Exercises1.1)mouse-hearted→chicken-heart 2)politician→statesman 3)wind→breeze 4)utilize→drink 5)ascertaining→finding 6)was bombarded with→received a lot of 7）opened→drew back 8）contain→accommodate 9）habits→customs3.1) experienced 2)elapsed 3)attempting 4)with 5)take up 6)made 7)endeavor 8)true4. 1) The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.2) We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.3) Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.4) We must pursue this matter further.5) The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.6) All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.7) The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.8) The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.9) (correct)10) He was awaked to the risk.Unit 2Colloquial and slangSuggested answers to the questionsThe grotesqueness of this sentence lies in the incongruity of style. The word bomb is a slang expression that is too casual to go with the subject, and the sentence can be revised into: The violin virtuoso’s performance on the cello was a big failure.The revised short paragraph: The author has made a lifetime’s study of film history, and the knowledge she has accumulated is tempered by a fine sense of judgment. She devotes a whole chapter to an analysis of horror films. These films, according to her, do much more than just frighten us; they enable us to forget our worries.Style and audienceSuggested answers to the questionsThe expected reader of Excerpt 1 is a pal of the person who leaves the note, so the language is colloquial.The reader of Excerpt 2 does not have an intimate relationship with the writer of the note. They might be business associates, for example. The language stands somewhere between formal and informal but more on the formal side.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.If there is an accident or incident that may be covered by this policy,notify us in writing as soon as possible. Y ou can give tis notice to any of our authorized agents.2.(omitted)3.The first excerpt is colloquial and the two persons may be friends orcolleagues.The second excerpt is rather formal and the two persons may be colleagues.The third is the most formal. Actually it is taken from a report and the writer may be the head of the department.Point of viewRevised version 1When people read about a natural disaster in another country, it hardly affects them. Of course, they feel bad and upset when people get killed. But as these disasters happen thousands of miles away from them and because they don’t affect their own life, they are not traumatized by them. If a flood killed their own close friends, they would be more emotionally upset.Revised version 2When we read about a natural disaster in another country, it hardly affects us. Of course, we feel bad and upset when people get killed. But as these disasters happen thousands of miles away from us and because they don’t affect our own life, we are not traumatized by them. If a flood killed our close friends, we would be more emotionally upset.Notice while the first version is comfortable and respectable, the second one involves the audience more effectively and directly because of the use of the pronoun we. The pronoun you can also achieve the same effect in this paragraph.Part IV WritingSample 1 Suggested answer to the exerciseSept.8Dear Aunt Jenny,Thank you so much for the lovely robot dog you give me. It is just what I’ve dreamed of for ages. Y ou really know me. Thanks again for the wonderful gift.Y ours,RoseSample 2 Suggested answer to the exerciseSept. 12Lucy,I got a ticket for you to the Arts Festival on Sept. 18 at Yifu Auditorium, as we have discussed before. I’ll arrange for a car to bring you here at 4:00 p.m. Give me a ring and tell me if you are coming or not. Thanks.JennyPart V Follow-up Exercises1.1）In this excerpt, Liza’s style is all but appropriate for the occasion.At the beginning, she chooses a formal and affected style but later slides to colloquial and finally slang expressions. The other characters at the scene use general and colloquial vocabulary that is appropriate for the context.2) No. Here the obvious switch from a formal to a highly colloquialstyle shows Liza in a transitional stage. She does not see that her learned comment on the weather is inappropriate. And when the subject changes into influenza, she forgets she is supposed to be a lady and reverts to(回归) her natural speech, which incidentally is much more expressive and colorful than her phony formality（假装正式）.2. 1) play a minor role/be a uility man 2)That’s Greek to me. 3)belated action/advice 4)Where there is smoke there’s fire. 5)an evil creature 6)walk into the trap 7)on e’s face glowing with health3. 1) We must practice economy./ We must reduce unnecessary expenditure.2) It is essential to control environmental pollution.3) We must arrive at the station on time.4) Financial expenditures should be arranged in order of priority.5) We must speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.6) To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet twoconditions: the profits must be legal, and they must not be excessive.7) During the period of the Tenth Five-Y ear Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead, we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version: Women’s RightsIn feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberation movement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair. Husban and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t do it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that, they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather thantheir appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5.1)me2) who 3)I 4)me/myself 5)me 6)each other’s 7)who 8)us9)whom 10)some 11)one’s 12)his 13)his 14)his, his6. 1) We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of ive, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.”We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher. If we seem different from the other students, we are treated differently, and these differences could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion, and so forth. Right from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.Unit 3Part IIConciseness Classroom activities2. 1) Xianming High School has a faculty that do their jobs well.2) One of the requirements is a term paper of three thousand words on asubject of your choice.3) College is difficult to adjust to because you are left on your own tosolve many problems.4) A career in the Army has both advantages and disadvantages. So doesthe return to the civilian life from the military.5) Teenage pregnancy has created a lot of controversy.Preciseness Classroom activities1. 1) Kate said she had an boring time at the homecoming party.2) I think Mr Brown is an unconvincing speaker.3) The husband gave the wife a diamond necklace for her bithday.4) There are certain traits I look for in judging a person’s character.Effectiveness Classroom activities1.1) Jo’s mouth: decidedher nose: comicalher eyes: sharp, gray, fierce, funny, thoughtfulher hair: long, thickher shoulder: roundher hands and feet: big2) Awkward colt is repetitious as the word colt carries the sense of awkwardness already. Therefore, it is unnecessary to use a modifierher.Louisa May Alcott’s novel Little WomenLouisa May Alcott(1832-1888)路易莎·梅·奥尔科特是一位美国女作家。
(完整版)写作教程(一)unit1
Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance(e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2.Word Denotation Connotation Sentencegold a precious yellow metal wealth,value,Silence is gold.preciousness, etcmoon the natural body that tranquility,purity,There’s no point moves around the earth something out of hoping for peace in theonce every 28 days reach, etc.country. It’s like askingfor the moon.ice water frozen so that it has coldness,The ice in his voice become solid indifference,cruelty,was only to hide thedeath, etc.pain.blood red liquid flowing through family background,Blood is thicker than the bodies of humans and descent,race,water.animals temperament, etc.2. a. In the West, every male person has the good qualities of males, such as bravery,spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy. AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities1.Favorable Neutral Unfavorableunique, quaint strange bizarre, abnormalresolute, steadfast stubborn, dogged pigheadedcompliment (v.)praise, commend, flatter lick one’s bootssenior citizen old person fossilbachelor girl single woman spinster2. a. unique b. pigheaded c. flattered d. fossil e. spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends— flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verbgrind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’sbody in a flat position, andlie meaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b.That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrowsraised.c.Jack has beenlying around all day.d.The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e.A heavy foglay over the land.f.White stationery is always appropriate.g.Is that tablestationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h.It is easier to talk about aprinciple than to live by it.i.Our principal played on the faculty football team against the school all-stars.3.Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt ’snot fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passedvs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’tsee farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when itexpresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects isconsidered individually, it takes a singular verb.2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either⋯or, neither⋯nor, not⋯but, the verbagrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctions do notaffect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced byprepositions or prepositions or prepositional phrases such as as well as, as much as, rather than, along with, in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including .When the subject expresses quantityReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take asingular verb.2.Some words or phrases, such asall, most, half, the last, the rest, take a singularor plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3.Phrases like lots of, heaps of, loads of take singular or plural verbs dependingon the form of the nouns that follow.4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject noun, theverb should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.When the subject is a relative pronoun, a what-clause, or in the there-be structure Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa. He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Summary1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person andnumber as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent theis only one, not the candidates.)2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in acompound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on the numberof the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compoundsubject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular.OthersReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.j.Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one,and somebodygenerally require a singular verb.2.The pronounsany and none take either singular or plural verbs.3.The complement of the verbbe does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought of as aunit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take asingular verb.6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generally take asingular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, andwhereabouts.PART Ⅳ WRITINGNotes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and theyare quick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee— the person(s) to whom the note iswritten; --the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday,you may, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and acomplimentary close.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.a. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesmanis a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying thebreezecoming from the lake.d. We need todrink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate4000 students.i. Social customsvary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced(2) elapsed(3) attempting(4) with(5) take up(6) made(7) endeavor(8) true4.a. The state attorney said that the man would beprosecuted.b.We suppose that a referee should bedisinterested but not uninterested.c.Tony can hit a ballfarther than I can.d.We must pursue this matterfurther.e.The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f.All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium forthe music contest.g.The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by aneconomic disaster.i.(correct)j.He was awaked to the risk.5.My sister Lulu accepteda scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expectedto reach its decision very quickly.c.Each of the candidates for the positionhas exceptionally high qualifications.d.Every boy and girl in the sixth gradewas/is eager to win the contest.e.Corn bread and milkis a popular breakfast in the rural South.f.The instructor as well as the studentswas at fault.g.He is one of the students whoplan to attend the speech contest.h.The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoningvary with each individual case.k. He believes that athleticsimproves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runnersbecomestense.m. Either The Times or The Tribuneis a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eyeis the headlines.o. She is one of the women whohave madethis country what it is.。
托福基础写作讲义
托福基础写作一、托福写作概述二、英汉两种语言的区别（一）、美国人与中国人思维方式的不同。
linear way of thinking（二）、英汉句子结构的特点。
英语重形和，重结构，汉语重意和, 重语义。
英语中常用复合句；汉语则常用短句，简单句。
10 Linking words cohesion1. conj.:1) and. but, or, so, while2) if, because, although,That, who, which, what, as---as more than, so--- that2. in this reason, in conclusion, for example3. however, unfortunately,Undeniably4. to make things worse5. generally speaking6. 同义词7. repetition8. this, it, that, those9. interesting to see10. what is more（三）英语多变化variety(diversity)，汉语多重复。
（四）英语被动句多。
汉语中主动句多。
三、中国学生写作最易犯的十大错误1. Nowadays, college student should learn competition and cooperation.2. The problem that is created by computers attract (draw, spark, captivate, intrigue, arouse, yield, give rise to) much attention.3. In present-day society, there are a great many young people go abroad.4. In my opinion, I think that smoking should be banned in public places.5. The computer can not instead the pivotal role played by teachers in education.6. Some people welcome raising pets, others hold different opinions.7. In large cities of China has many fast food shops.8. At college, we should learn as much knowledge as possible so that we can be well prepared for our future career.9. Some students are interested in play computer games.10. You really have two down sons.四、托福写作25分必备的100个意群词汇持某观点: claim ( assert, contendreckon deem share the belief that )支持某观点: advocate(maintain, welcome vote for side with be in favor of )反对某观点: contradict (oppose, object to, criticize, refute be against cast doubts on question, challenge)合理的：justified ( sensible feasible convincing hold water bear much analysis)好处：advantage (benefit, merit, positive(bright) side, upside, boon, pros, strength )弊端：disadvantage( harm, demerit, negative(dark) side, downside, bane, cons, weakness defect, flaw, drawback )肯定：undoubtedly (indeed undeniably there is no denying that)不确定：be likely to ( potentially presumably)重要的：essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable, pivotal)有益的：beneficial （conducive instrumental, rewarding ）有害的：detrimental （harmful virulent）有争议的：controversial (arguable, debatable disputable, contentious) 普遍的：widespread ( prevalent, universal, pervasive, ubiquitous )显著地：considerably (significantly, remarkably,Dramatically ,tremendously, substantially)明显的：evident (apparent, manifest，crystal-clear)16. 增强：enhance (strengthenboost)17. 减少：decline (descend, collapse, relieve)18. 大约：approximately（nearly, around, estimated, roughly）19. 趋势：trend（tendency, inclination）20. 预见：predict （expect, project）21. 带来bring about (result in, lead to)22. 引起create （spark ; yield;; give rise to）23. 建立establish （found, institute）24. 要求call for （request，demand）25. 去除eliminate（remove, eradicate）26. 探讨explore (examine, identify)27. 描绘depict (portray, illustrate)28. 后果consequence( aftermath; outcome)29. 足够adequate （enough; sufficient）30. 解决tackle ( resolve, address)31. 意识awareness(consciousness)32. 控制curb ( regulate, censor)33. 解释：account for （be responsible for）34. 投资finance (invest in, subsidize)35. 缓解relieve ( ease, alleviate)36. 压力stress ( pressure, strain)37. 和谐harmony ( concordance)38. 继承inherit (hand down)39. 培养cultivate （train, foster）40. 促进promote ( contribute to, upgrade)41. 适应adapt to (adjust to, acclimate to)42. 提供provide (render, afford)43. 替代replace (substitute, take the place of)44. 保护preserve (protect)45. 证据evidence (proof)46. 赢得gain (acquire, attain)47. 国外的foreign( alien, exotic)48. 灾难disaster (misfortune, catastrophe)49. 发展advance (progress)50. 倾向于tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)51. 吸引attract (allure, tempt)52. 专注的be absorbed in(be immersed in, devote oneself to)53. 目的是aim at ( The purpose is )54. 实现achieve (fulfill, implement)55. 危害endanger ( threaten; jeopardize)56. 损害undermine (impair, damage)57. 阻碍hinder (obstruct, impede)58. 禁止forbid (ban, prohibit)59. 责备blame( denounce, criticize)60. 污染pollute (contaminate, stain)61. 腐蚀erode(wear away, corrode)62. 欺骗deceive (cheat, defraud)63. 冲突conflict ( shock, tension)64. 驱使prompt (spur, incite)贪婪的acquisitive(money-oriented，materialistic)自私的self-centered (selfish, inconsiderate)体谅的considerate (understanding, sympathetic) 冷漠的indifferent (apathetic, aloof)奢侈的wasteful (luxurious, extravagant)残忍的inhumane(brutal, barbaric)绝望的hopeless（despairing, desperate）过分的excessive (extravagant, exorbitant)激烈的intense (fierce, vigorous)严厉的stringent (rigorous, rigid)奇怪的eccentric (odd, peculiar)难以置信的unbelievable(incredulous, virtual)惊人的extraordinary (marvelous, spectacular)有抱负的ambitious（aggressive, aspirant）固有的inherent（nature, innate）稳定的steady (stable, constant)恶化worsen (aggravate, deteriorate)夸大exaggerate ( overstate)限制restrain (constrain, confine)拆除tear down（knock down, pull down）加速accelerate (speed up, precipitate)占优势predominate (dominate)分辨distinguish (differentiate, discern)抵消counteract (offset, cancel out)开展launch (conduct, carry out)颁布enact (enforce, promulgate )生活节奏pace of life(rhythm of life, tempo of life)影响influence(impact，pervade)差异difference (distinction, gap)交流communicate(exchange, associate)接触have access to （make contact with, keep in touch with）优先give priority to (put…into first place)节约economize ( conserve, cherish)参与participate in ( take part in, engage in)措施measure (step, action)注意beware ( prevent, guard against)五、“十大句式”在TOEFL写作考试中的应用是否非让它假装强调比较差（插）的原因？即：否：否定句；非：非限制性定语从句；让：让步句；它：it引导的句子；假：假设句；装：倒装句；强调：强调句；比较：比较句；差（插）：插入语；原因：原因句。
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望帆关于初级写作Interactive Writing 1-2 考前答疑VOB的发言大纲 Interactive Writing 1 (related writing topics): ................................................. 1 Interactive Writing 2 (related writing topics): ................................................. 2 Writing Checklist: ............................................................................................ 4 Typical Errors: ................................................................................................. 4 1. Ineffective Sentence Fragments: .................................................................. 4 2. Run-on Sentences: ....................................................................................... 5 3. Misplaced and Dangling Modifiers: ............................................................ 5 4. Parallelism: .................................................................................................. 6 5. Article, single/plural form and preposition: ................................................. 6 6. Tense: ........................................................................................................... 7 7. Collocation and coherence: .......................................................................... 7 8. Capitalization and Italics: ......................................................................... 8
考试临近了,你有没有开始进行有效的复习呢? 请大家仔细阅读分析写作课程考试模拟题目,最后的考试题目形式和样题是一样的! 请仔细阅读分析题干要求并抓住写作要点来模拟写一下,一定会有不小的收获.
下面是我为大家精心准备收集的写作题目,基本是按照课本上的范围来模拟出的写作题目,请大家一定好好看看.如果没有时间练习写全部的话题,大家可以采用略写提纲和精写主题句(topic sentence)的策略来练习,一样可以收到好的复习准备效果.
Interactive Writing 1 (related writing topics): Unit 1---School Life Around the World Writing topics( mainly about narration) 1) My Good Friend XXX(sb’s name) 2) My Favorite Movie Star/Player/Musician/etc. 3) An Ideal English Teacher 4) One of My Old Classmates
Unit 2---Experience Nature (mainly about descriptive writing) 1) A Beautiful View from the Window of My Bedroom/Workshop/Sitting Room 2) My Favorite Painting 3) An Impressive Drawing 4) The Decoration of My New Home 5) A snowy/Rainy/Sunny Afternoon 6) East or West, Home is the Best
Unit 3---Living to Eat or Eating to Live 1) My Favorite Dish 2) My Typical Supper/breakfast 3) Special Food for a Certain Festival ( Christmas, Thanksgiving, Spring Festival, Dragon-Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival) 4) Do we need more holidays within a Year? 5) An Unforgettable Day in My Life 6) Should we Celebrate Western Festivals in China? 7) I Love Holidays (or a particular holiday) 8) My First Cooking Experience 9) Introducing Healthy Food/Diet 10) My View on American Fast Food
Unit 4---In the Community (mainly about letter writing, public speech writing) 1) Welcome to Visit My Hometown 2) Giving Friends Directions to My Home 3) My Ways to Have a Meaningful Winter Vacation 4) The Community’s Transportation Needs Improving 5) My Daily Trip from Home to Workplace 6) Facility Available at My School/Community 7) My Preference: to Live in the City/in the Countryside/in the Suburb 8) A Good Proposal for Homeless People in the City 9) A New Shelter for Pitiful Animals 10) Everyone needs Donate Money or Clothes for Disaster-stricken People
Unit 5---Home 1) My Memory of A Happy/Unhappy Childhood 2) If time could go back, I would love to be a baby/a child/a teenager… 3) I Wish/Don’t wish I had a twin sister/brother 4) The Best Years of My Life 5) My School Days 6) More Excitement/or More Frustration When Growing Up 7) My Life in a New City 8) My Sweet Mother/Sister/Father 9) If I were a Teacher/a Policeman/an Accountant/etc. 10) Does Birth Order Affect People’s Building of Character? 11) Born in a Rich/a Poor Family…
Unit 6---Cultures of the World 1) The Best Bedtime Story My Parents Ever Told Me 2) My View on Folktales 3) Festival-Relating (Spring Festival, Chinese Valentine’s Day/Dragon-Boat Day/etc) Folktales
Interactive Writing 2 (related writing topics): Unit 6---Cultures of the World 4) The Best Bedtime Story My Parents Ever Told Me 5) My View on Folktales 6) Festival-Relating (Spring Festival, Chinese Valentine’s Day/Dragon-Boat Day/etc) Folktales
Unit 7---Health