广东省高考英语 阅读理解指导Ⅱ(精讲精析)(1)

阅读理解中细节理解题的解题技巧

一、直接信息题

对于这种题型，考生能直接从原文中找到信息，而且选项和原文在语言表述上也没有太大的变化或仅在表达方式上稍作转化。解答这类试题时，可先浏览全文，再看试题，然后带着问题去阅读短文，采用“对号入座”的办法即可得到答案(把原文信息与后面的试题选项进行对照)。如：

例1：

[2013年广东高考阅读理解A篇]

Tom loved to pretend, and he particularly loved to play superheroes. Dr. Epstein explained that it was actually a brilliant way for his young mind to handle the terrifying and painful life he led.

The day before his third trip to the operating room, Tom was terribly afraid. “Maybe I could go as Superman,” he whispered to his mom. Hearin g this, the mother hesitated for a while. She had avoided buying the expens ive costume (戏装), but finally she agreed.

28. When Tom went for the third operation, he .

A. pretended to be painful

B. acted like a superhero

C. appeared in poor spirits

D. argued with his mother

解析：B。在原文中，我们可以看到两个关键词语 superheroes和superman及明确信息his third trip to the operating room。由此可知，当Tom要做第三次手术的时候，他决定把自己打扮成一个超级英雄。

例2：

[2013年广东高考阅读理解A篇]

It doesn’t mean that you should dress as a superhero for your next job interview. But, next time you are tested in a way that seems impossible, imagine what it would take to overcome it. Become the person you need to become to win over your challenge and do it in your mind first. So, let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream.

29. In the last paragraph, you are advised .

A. to go through some difficult tests

B. to wake up from your wild dreams

C. to become a powerful person in your mind

D. to wear expensive clothes for job interviews

解析：C。原文最后一句let your imagination run wild, and dare to dream在含义上与选项C相近。命题者采用了另一种方式表达出了与该句相同的含义。因此，本题答案应为C 项。

二、间接信息题

一般能够在文章中找到与试题相关的信息，但原文信息又不是直接需要的，因此要对其进行合理的简单推理。如：

例1：

[2013年广东阅读理解题B篇]

However, to succeed in life, one first needs to s et a goal and then gradually make

it more practical. And, in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one needs to spend at least 10,000 hours studying and practising. To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in.

This is a big reason why many successful people advise you to do something you love. If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain and will likely make you quit well before you ever become good at it.

33. Successful people suggest doing what one loves because .

A. work makes one feel pain

B. one tends to enjoy his work

C. one gives up his work easily

D. it takes a lot of time to succeed

解析：D。文中通过To become great at certain things, it’ll require even more time, time that most people won’t put in陈述了原因，说明成功需要时间。而This is a big reason why many successf ul people advise you to do something you love这一句话则说明为什么成功人士会建议我们去从事我们自己热爱的事情。

例2：

[2013年广东阅读理解题C篇]

I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer to, and which no words can d escribe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically.

37. As a psychologist, the a uthor .

A. was ready to listen to David

B. was skeptical about psychology

C. was able to describe David’s problem

D. was sure of handling David’s problem

解析：A。从本段的描述我们可以看出，在作者看来，作为一个心理学家，帮助一个心理疾病患者最好的办法就是倾听。再根据后面作者的具体做法，我们也可以看出这一点。因此，本题的答案应为A选项。

三、综合信息题

解答这类试题时所需的信息不仅仅涉及文章某一句话，还可能同时涉及几句话或者文章的不同段落，因此要求考生把原文相关的信息综合起来答题。如：

例1：

[2013年广东高考阅读理解A篇]

Imagination and fantasy can play an important role in achieving the things we fear. Children know this very well. Fred Epstein, in his book If I Make It to Five,tells a story he heard from one of his friends about Tom, a four-year-old boy with a cancer in his back bone. He came through several operations and a lot of pain by mastering his imagination.

26. What do we know about Tom?

A. He was seriously ill

B. He was a dishonest boy.

C. He was crazy about magic.

D. He was Dr. Epstein’s patient.

解析：A。根据文章中caner in his back bone，several operations和a lot of pain 等信息，我们可以判断Tom的病情非常严重。

例2：

[2013年广东高考阅读理解C篇]

One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept walking up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,” he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, and I’m very worried about him. Can you help?”

36. When he first met the author, David .

A. felt a little excited

B. walked energetically

C. looked a little nervous

D. showed up with his teacher

解析：C。根据关键词first met the author，David定位信息于第一段。文中信息kept walking up and down restlessly，face pale，his hands shaking slightly等都表示David有些紧张、不安。短文中所给的这些信息在含义上与选项C一致。因此，本题的答案为C项。【跟踪训练】

Ⅰ

Usually, he arrived earlier than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?

“Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with,” I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect hi s suffering.” Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.

“It’s your turn,” he said.

After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times, about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life. Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one — without any words —can reach out to another person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens.

1. David enjoyed being with the author because he .

A. wanted to ask the author for advice

B. needed to share sorrow with the author

C. liked the children’s drawings in the office

D. beat the author many times in the chess game

2. What made David change?

A. His teacher’s help.

B. The author’s friendship.

C. His exchange of letters with the author.

D. The author’s silent communication with him.

Ⅱ

While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor

(监控器) a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.

Using a web camera equipped in Jennifer’s Los Angeles apart ment, the monitor in Phoenix tracked how frequently her eyes moved from the computer screen and listened for the secret sounds of a possible helper in the room. Her Internet access was locked — remotely — to prevent Internet searches, and her typing style was analyzed to make sure she was who she said she was: Did she enter her student number at the same speed as she had in the past? Or was she slowing down?

In the battle against cheating, this is the cutting edge and a key to encourage honesty in the booming field of online education. The technology gives trust to the entire system, to the institution and to online education in general. Only with solid measures against cheating, expert s say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid —that students haven’t just searched the Internet to get the right answers.

…

Other programs can produce unique exams by drawing on a large list of questions and can recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones. As in many university classes, term papers are scanned against some large Internet data banks for cheating.

1. Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?

A. To correct her typing mistakes.

B. To find her secrets in the room.

C. To prevent her from slowing down.

D. To keep her from dishonest behaviors.

2. For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if .

A. they can attract potential students

B. they can defeat academic cheating

C. they offer students online help

D. they offer many online courses

3. Some programs can find out possible cheaters by .

A. checking the question answering speed

B. producing a large number of questions

C. scanning the Internet test questions

D. giving difficult test questions

参考答案及解析：

Ⅰ

1. B。根据第一段的It seemed as if he enjoyed my company和第二段的Perhaps he simply needs someone to share his pain with可知，David喜欢和作者在一起是因为他需要有人陪伴，需要有人来分担他的忧愁。

2. D。倒数第二段陈述了一个结果，反映的是David所出现的变化。最后一段中的关键词without any words在含义上与D项中的silent communication一致。由此，我们可以确定本题的答案。

Ⅱ

1. D。本文的前面两段解释的是Jennifer在网上进行考试时被监视的状况。第三段的首句

则回答了为什么要这样做。这是在日益兴盛的网络教育中为了防止考试作弊的一种高科技做法。这是一道综合信息题。

2. B。根据第三段中的Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid可知，只有用可靠的方法防止考试作弊，那么网络大学的考试和网络教育的文凭才会有效。

3. A。最后一段主要讲述的是一些程序也可用来识别作弊。根据recognize possible cheaters by analyzing whether difficult test questions are answered at the same speed as easy ones可以确定本题的答案。