专升本笔记__第一节语法结构_时态

专升本英语完美笔记第二章语法结

第一节时态

一、一般现在时-----表示经常或习惯性的动作、客观存在的状态或在条件句及时间状语从

句中表示将来，常用always,often,usually,seldom,neve r等词连用。例如：

She is always t the first to hand in her paper in the exams. 考试中她总是第一个交卷

The earth exerts a pull on everything near it. 地球对其一切的物体都有引力。

The girl over there speaks english evry well ,那边的那个女孩英语讲得很好。

Unless you overcome that habit ,you will be ruined.如果你不改掉那种坏习惯，你会毁了自己。When we graduate, we’ll go wherever we are most needed. 毕业的时候，我们会去最需要我们的地方。

二、一般过去时

表示过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，以及过去的习惯性动作，常和一些表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week, then, in 1840 例如：

Shi did not look well when I saw her last time.

二、一般将来时

表示将要发生的动作，例如：

The weather forecast says that it will be fine tomorrow. 天气预报说，明天天气不错。

表达将来时还可以用一下结构：

Be going to ;

be doing （having,arriving,leaving,starting,coming）

Be to +v.

Be about to+v

I am going to buy a new dictionary this term. 这学期，我打算买一本新词典

We are having a meeting this afternoon.今天下午我们要开会。

Am I to take over her work?我要接手她的工作吗？

The meeting is about to begin.会议马上就要开始了。

三、过去将来时

表示从过去的某个时刻看将要发生的动作，常用于宾语从句中，

过去将来时也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。例如：

I told him that I would never reveal the secret to others.我告诉他我绝不会把秘密告诉别人。When he was a child ,he would sit there reading for hours.

他小时候，经常坐在那一连看几个小时的书。

四、现在进行时

表示在某一时刻正在进行的动作。Now ,at present, at this moment,these days.例如：

We are trying our best to help them, 我们正在尽最大的努力帮助他们。

注：you are being naughty,tom. Good boys never do that.汤姆，你这次不乖啊，好孩子不应该那样做。

Being 加形容词或名词时，表示一种暂时的特征或表现，带有一定的感情色彩。

五、过去进行时

过去某一时刻所发生的动作。例如：

When he called me,I was reading the newspaper.他给我打电话时，我正在读报纸。

注：动词进行时态与always ,constantly,forever,等状语连用，带有情感色彩。例如：

Peter was always throwing things about .彼得总是乱扔东西。

She was forever finding fault with me.她总是挑我的毛病。

六、现在完成时

表示某一时间已经完成的动作，但对现在有影响。常与already, yet, recently, lately, by, since, till, for 连用。

Scientists have found a new way to treat malaria recently.科学家最近发现了一种治疗疟疾的新方法。

注:现在完成时常用于下面句型：

It has been +time+since

It is +time +since 例如：

It has been three years since we entered the college.我们上大学已经三年了。

It ‘s will be the first +time +that

It will be the first/second+time/day+ that

It’s the first time I’ve been to beijing. 这是我第一次到北京。

七、过去完成时

表示在过去某个时刻或时刻之前发生的动作或存在的状态，该动作已经完成，或者可能延续下去。

常与副词already ,yet, ever. Never, hardly, just,连用

有时也和by, before, since, until ,等词引导的短语或从句连用。

By the end of last year,henry had collected more than five thousand foreign coins .

到去年年底，亨利已经收集了5000多枚外国硬币。

By the time he got home ,all the guests had left.

他到家的时候，所有客人都已经离开了。

小提示：如：intend ,want,hope, plan,mean, think等用过去完成时，表示打算做而没有做某事。

We had intended to finish the work before august. 我们本来打算在8月份之前完成这项工作。The headmaster had planned to attend the meeting in person ,but he changed his mind later.

校长原打算亲自出席会议，但是后来他改变主意了。

九、将来完成时

表示将来的某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。例如：

By the end of this term we shall have finished studying Book Three.

到这个学期末我们将会学完第三册。

By tomorrow morning the weather will have cleared up ,

到明天早晨，天气将会放晴。

十、过去完成进行时

是现在完成时的过去形式，

表示一个动作从过去某时开始，一直延续到另外一个过去时刻。

When her mother got back home ,the little girl had been crying for nearly two hours.

妈妈回到家时，小女孩已经哭了将近两个小时了。

He told me that Professor zhao had been working on the book since two months ago .