循规蹈矩—英语文摘2014年第5期
2014年考研英语试题及答案
2014年Text 1※In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme.Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?※More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed.“We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off bene fits and help those on benefits get into work faster.” Help? Really?On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidizes laziness.What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.※Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state.It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.※But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency—permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood.It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21.George Osborne’s scheme was intended to.[A] provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits*B+ encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking[C] motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily*D+ guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits22.The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para.2) most probably means.[A] to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre[B] to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance[C] to register for an allowance from the government[D] to attend a governmental job-training program23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A] A desire to secure a better life for all.[B] An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C] An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D] A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel.[A] uneasy[B] enraged[C] insulted[D] guilty25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?*A+ The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.*B+ Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.*C+ The jobseekers’ allowance has m et their actual needs.[D] Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2※All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.※During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.※There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.※Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.※The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.※In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ ef ficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to.[A] the growing demand from clients[B] the increasing pressure of inflation[C] the prospect of working in big firms[D] the attraction of financial rewards27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B] Admissions approval from the bar association.*C+ Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D] Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from.*A+ lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance[B] the rigid bodies governing the profession[C] the stem exam for would-be lawyers[D] non-professionals’ sharp criticism29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it.[A] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession[B] keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares[C] aggravates the ethical situation in the trade[D] prevents lawyers from gaining due profits30.In this text, the author mainly discusses.[A] flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes[B] the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America*C+ a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it*D+ the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal educationText 3※The US $ 3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.※What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobles, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists.They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.※The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.※As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the lifesciences include.But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson.The Nobles were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.※As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one.Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as .*A+ a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth[B] a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes*C+ an example of bankers’ investments[D] a handsome reward for researchers32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefit.[A] the profit-oriented scientists[B] the founders of the new awards[C] the achievement-based system[D] peer-review-led research33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is atypical case which involves.*A+ controversies over the recipients’status[B] the joint effort of modern researchers[C] legitimate concerns over the new prizes[D] the demonstration of research findings34.According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobles?[A] Their endurance has done justice to them.[B] Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C] They are the most representative honor.[D] History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are.[A] acceptable despite the criticism[B] harmful to the culture of research[C] subject to undesirable changes[D] unworthy of public attentionText 4※“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America.Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.※In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, st ate and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others” to “maintain national excellence inhumanities and social scientific scholarship and education.”In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.※The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies.To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day.The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.※Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, “The Heart of the Matter” never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities.The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits.Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.※Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.※The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to.*A+ retain people’s interest in liberal education*B+ define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education*D+ safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests.[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are.[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?*A+ Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”*B+ Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”*C+ The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education。
2014届高三一轮复习英语精品资料 基础巩固(新课标专用)Book 6 Unit 5 Word版含解析
Ⅰ.联想记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇以及相关短语)1．appoint v t.任命；委派→be appointed_as 被任命为2．make one’s_way 前往→head for 前往3．panic v i.&v t.惊慌；n.惊慌；恐慌→in panic惊慌地4．glance through匆匆看一遍→look through/scan 浏览5．vary from...to...由……到……不等→range from...to...在……范围内变化6．guarantee v t. & n．保证；担保→guarantee_to_do sth.保证去做某事Ⅱ.构词记忆(根据提示写出相应的词汇及其派生词)1．erupt v i.爆发→eruption n．爆发2．appoint v t.任命→appointment n．任命3．absolute adj.绝对的；完全的→absolutely ad v.绝对地；完全地4．anxious adj.忧虑的；不安的→anxiety n．焦虑；担心5．diverse adj.多种多样的→diversity n．多样性6．appreciate v t.欣赏；感激→appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢Ⅲ.语境填词(根据提示用适当的单词或短语填空)1．From the diagram(图表) you can see where the volcanoes(火山) erupt(爆发) quite often. 2．The whole city was burned_to_the_ground(烧成平地) and he was appointed(委派) to evaluate(评估) the losses.3．I absolutely(绝对地) believe that he actually(事实上) has great potential(潜力) but that can’t guarantee(保证) his success.4．They panicked(恐慌) and were anxious(忧虑的) about their son, so they made_their_way(前行) home in the thunderstorm(雷暴)．5．I glanced_through(浏览) the menu and found foods were diverse(丰富的) and their prices varied_from 100 to(由……到……) 1,000.Ⅳ.语境记忆(背诵语段，记忆单元词汇)I absolutely appreciate his potential ability.Actually he has been appointed to be a candidate of volcanology committee due to his unique height in this field.Ⅴ.课文原句背诵1．Yet，however_weak_we_are,_we are not completely powerless.可是，无论我们多么弱，我们也不是完全无能为力。
(完整word版)2014年高考英语全国卷1
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(山西新课标I)英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue, Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speakers will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: .21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge?A. School students.B. Cambridge locals.C. CSF winners.D. MIT artists.22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held?A. On February 8th.B. On March 10th.C. On April 21st.D. On March 15th.23. What type of writing is this text?A. An exhibition guide.B. An art show review.C. An announcement.D. An official report.BPassenger pigeons(旅鸽) once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群) so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in theUnited States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _______.A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the US25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ______.A. escapeB. ruinC. liberationD. evolution26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A. To seek pleasure.B. To save other birds.C. To make money.D. To protect crops.27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A. It was ignored by the public.B. It was declared too late.C. It was unfair.D. It was strict.CA typical lion tamer (驯兽师) in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭) and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more) ---- only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrongthings, and so we take less action, make less progress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become … take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A. To show off his skills.B. To trick the lion.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changed.D. They have to do something for show.30. What is the author’s at titude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. Tolerant.B. Doubtful.C. Respectful.D. Supportive.31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to _______.A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidanceDAs more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000—7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations ---- UNESCO and National Geographic among them ---- have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in that tradition. His recently published book, A grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture,grows out of his experience living, working, and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials ---- including photographs, films, tape recordings, and field notes ---- which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded ---- the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project ---- Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet, Turin notes, the endangered languages can be savedand reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to _____.A. promote global languageB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Having full records of the languages.B. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language users.D. Living with the native speakers.34. What is Turin’s book based on?A. The cultural studies in India.B. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describes Turin’s work?A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Design, experiment and report.D. Collect, protect and reconnect.第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2014高考英语一轮复习训练选修7unit5travellingabro精
选修七Unit 2»wc弯点针对练尸式工年才乎L " 即时演练，反馈提升/ a \d ：1.（2012.湖北高考）Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to his courage.A．hold up B．keep upC．set up D．take up解析：首先了解这四个选项的汉语意思。
A项hold up表示“支撑；阻挡”；B项keep up表示“使不下降；保持不变；维持"；C项set up表示“建立，成立"；D项take up表示“开始从事；占领；继续”。
由题中的关键信息walking alone in the dark以及whistled可知男孩吹口哨是为了保持勇气，给自己壮胆。
所以此处选B项。
句意：一个人在黑暗中走，小男孩吹口哨以保持勇气。
答案：B2.（2013・上高二中模拟）一Mum, Tom is always working late into night. I don't know what he is busy doing.—Oh, he _____ for his new project.A. has preparedB. had preparedC. was preparingD. has been preparing解析：句意：——妈妈，Tom总是工作到深夜，不知道他在忙于干什么。
——哦，他一直在为新的工程做准备。
3.My friend ^vas nc: used by air? sc he ; i1止丫之二.A.二c 二w可三:i ngB. tc 可三C. ：ra^'elingD. trave'解析：teused ：c doing ”习惯于做某事句意：我朋友不习惯乘飞机旅行，因此感觉不舒服.智宾：工答案：D4.She is shy.She is not used to _______ in front of others.A.praiseB.praisingC.being praisedD.be praised解析：考查be used to doing ”习惯于做某事”。
2014届高考英语一轮复习话题阅读素材5
2014届高考英语一轮复习话题阅读素材5But our attachment to paper is truly amazing. An astonishing proportion of e-mail users print off their messages and store them in filing cabinets. Organizations that used to print many documents for meetings now circulate them electronically via their intranets. But those attending meetings generally turn up with heaps of paper hot from the nearest laser printer.Why store e-mail messages in paper files, which take up valuable space and are effectively unsearchable, when you can keep them on a hard disk and effortlessly look through them for keywords? Why print off bulky documents whose only fate is to be discarded after the meeting is over?If people love paper, there must be a reason for it. And there is. It is highly portable, infinitely flexible, and consumes no battery power. And it doesn't have to be turned on before you can read it.The mystery is not that people use so much paper, but that they don't use even more of the stuff. The problem with technological predictions is that they are always solution-driven. "Technology is the answer" is their underlying mind-set. Now what was the question again? It's foolish -- and here is the hard copy to prove it.。
【成才之路】2014-2015学年高中英语 Module 5 Cloning 第2课时 Gramma
【成才之路】2015高中英语 Module 5 Cloning 第2课时 Grammar & Everyday English & Reading Practice同步练习外研版选修6 Ⅰ.单词拼写1．All the characters in the book are________(虚构的). They are not real.2．People________(怀疑) the truth of the news.3．I couldn't________(抵抗)glancing at her paper.4．The minister was________(陪伴) by his secretary to the hospital.5．We need a foreign policy that is more________(灵活的)．6．The car insurance is________(强制性的)．7．He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic________(规如此)．8．In cold climates, houses need to have walls that will________(吸收) heat.9．We must try to________(分析) the causes of the strike.10．More problems like those at the power plant are certain to ________(出现)．答案：1.imaginary 2.suspect 3.resist 4.accompanied 5.flexible 6 pulsory 7.regulations 8.absorb 9.analyse 10.ariseⅡ.完成句子1．I______________taking my book.我怀疑那个女孩把我的书拿走了。
2014年12月求知报英语学习讲座讲义
《高三英语学习讲座》今年试卷提醒我们注意的几个问题（2014年高考英语天津卷试卷分析与考生表现评估）一、2014年高考英语（天津）卷的特点2014年高考英语天津卷继续贯彻教育部《普通高中英语课程标准》倡导的培养学生实际语言运用能力和创新精神的理念，着重考查考生英语语言基础知识、语言运用能力以及基本交际能力。
试卷设计突出“能力立意”，坚持“稳中有变、稳中有新”的原则。
试卷整体难度适中，与2013年相比，听力测试和单项选择难度略有上升，完形填空和书面表达保持稳定，阅读理解、阅读表达难度则略有降低。
试卷使用材料承载丰富的英语文化信息，内容新颖、语言规范、行文流畅、通俗易懂，阅读文本中适度选用了具有积极的价值导向和较为深刻意蕴的文学类作品，写作中加强了对考生探究能力的考查。
评价组通过考后反馈座谈和问卷调查，综合各界看法认为试卷总体质量参数优良、稳定，有利于普通高等学校人才选拔，同时试卷的区分度还有进一步提高的空间。
二、师生对今年试卷感兴趣的几个问题：1、为什么感觉挺容易的单选成绩不升反降，问题出在哪儿?看法：词汇知识层面，短语动词掌握不好是突出薄弱环节13. The two countries are going to meet to ______ some barriers to trade between them.A. make upB. use upC. turn downD. break down“break down“出现在外研版高中英语选修六教材Module 5课后词汇表，并收录在天津考试院《2014天津卷英语词汇手册》中，属于较常用的短语动词。
考生在此题作答表现不佳说明没能很好掌握短语动词，这与《标准》在英语基础语言知识方面词汇学习项目上的要求——“考生能识别、理解及运用词汇表中所规定的词汇…”存在差距。
break down 分解（课本词汇表，SH6 M5 p. 152）break down 使崩溃、毁坏（考试院词汇手册，p. 45）Thirdly, dinosaur DNA would not be intact after the long period of time since their extinction. When life ends, DNA breaks down and does not repair itself.—— Jurassic Park — Scientific Fact or Hollywood Fiction?Reading Practice, Module 5 “Cloning”, SH6 p. 672、完形第35小题为什么成为全卷最难一题？看法：词汇拓展能力层面，考生构词法实际应用存在较大不足今年完形填空第35题：… My mother is now back with us．But I will never forget what the lesson has really taught me. Sacrifices pay off in the end. The separation between us has proved to be a _(35)_ for me．35. A. blessing B. gathering C. failure D. pleasureI was blessed with a happy childhood, one that most people would want to have. We lived ina small bungalow in a tiny village in Scotland and we were a very close family. Our neighbours next door had a son named Danny, and we grew up together.—— Childhood Friends, V ocabulary and ReadingSH 6 Module 3, p. 36In most of the world, pop music is a sign of friction between generations. But Cantopop expresses only harmony and virtue, and Hong Kong is blessed with the most conventional music scene in the world.—— Music Born in Hong KongSH7 Module 3, p. 53近几年高考试题中需要考生利用构词法知识解决问题的情况屡见不鲜，仅举几个在完形填空中出现的例子：（2005年高考英语天津卷完形填空）Usually silent, he 25 Gaby, our host, and kept asking questions about the country and its people. He blossomed ( 活泼起来) .25. A. befriended B. disregarded C. avoided D. recognized（2012年高考英语天津卷完形填空）As a rock-climbing guide, I knew little about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a 27 .27. A. cleanup B. party C. picnic D. concert（2013年高考英语天津卷完形填空）26 , the disastrous effects of the drought were felt all over our country. It was a challenging time for everyone, but father remained optimistic.26. A. Thankfully B. Hopefully C. Unfortunately D. Strangely3、为什么阅读理解得分最低的是B篇而不是D篇？看法：对科技类文章的难度变化要有清醒的认识科技类文章阅读难度变化的原因初探：①涉及理论、概念的科技类文章较难相比较介绍科技现象，科研结果的文章而言，涉及到理论探讨、研究过程分析的科技类文章对考生来说更难。
2014年大学英语大学英语交际英语_统考英语b全中文翻译
2014年大学英语b统考阅读理解全翻译版Everyone knows what a needle is.Of course there are needles for sewing machines, needles for injection, you name it.But few people think of the wonder a needle works in the hands of those who practice acupuncture.During the past ten years of so, I have been suffering from a terrible headache.It seems to be getting from bad to worse these st night I got a sudden pain in my head.It was so terrible that I could hardly bear it.Although I swallowed all kinds of pain-killers, I didn't feel any better.It seemed that there was nothing I could do but phone for a doctor.One of our neighbors happened to be with us.He was not a doctor, but he timidly offered his help, saying "Do you mind if I tried acupuncture on you? These needles may possibly do you some good." I agreed.In a moment, he had taken out a few needles from his purse.Without a moment's delay, he fixed a few needles into the skin on my head here and there.Before long, I felt thoroughly relieved.Just then, the doctor sped through my house and said,"Where is our patient?""Sorry, Doctor, You are too late.It's killed!" I answered in delight.It's a miracle, isn't it?每个人都知道针是什么, 当然, 这里有缝东西的针, 也有注射的针, 等等你能叫出的,但是在一些特别人的手中, 针可以用来做针灸。
2014年高考大纲出炉 2014 the College Entrance Examination Outline_英语作文
2014年高考大纲出炉2014 the College EntranceExamination OutlineIt is just 102 days left from February 25th to the college entrance examination in 2014. In 2014, the biggest changing syllabus is English, canceling the multiple-choice questions, and replaced by the discourse grammar cloze test with 15 points, the same as before. In addition, its questions type sequence is adjusted: the first part is listening, the second part is reading comprehension, the third part is the language knowledge, and the first section of it is the cloze test, the second section is grammar cloze, which is the new syllabus. The fourth part is writing.2月25日，距2014年高考还剩102天。
2014年考纲最大变化是英语学科，取消了单项选择题，代之以语篇型语法填空题，15分分值不变。
另外，英语题型顺序也有所调整：第一部分为听力，第二部分为阅读理解，第三部分为语言知识运用，其中第一小节是完形填空，第二小节是语法填空，即新型考题。
第四部分是写作。
The four political compulsory teaching materials are revised after combining with 18th CPC National Congress, so does its exam context. There are totally about seventy cut, change, andadd. There are 31 in “economic life", 19 in "political life", 12 in "cultural life", and 8 in "life and philosophy".政治四本必修教材在十八大以后结合政策进行了修改，考试内容也随之调整，共有删减、改动、新增70处，其中《经济生活》31处，《政治生活》19处，《文化生活》12处，《生活与哲学》8处。
2014年全国高考英语真题汇编——完形填空(难度分层次)
2014年全国高考英语真题汇编之完型填空难度分层次考情详解分层次题库集锦EasyNO.1 （2014山东卷完型填空1）There was a pet store and the owner had a parrot. One day a 11 walked in and the parrot said to the man ,“Hey you!” The man said, “What!?” The parrot said, “Your 12 is really ugly.” The man got very 13 and went to the store owner and said, “Your bird just 14 my wife. It said she was ugly.”The owner stormed over, 15 the bird, took it into the “black room,”shook it a bit, 16 out a few feathers, and said,“Don’t ever, ever say anything to 17 my customers again. You got that！！！”With that 18 he took the bird and put it back into its cage. The old bird shook out its 19 and relaxed in its cage. A couple of weeks 20 and in walked this guy and his wife again. The parrot said, “Hey you!” The guy said, “What!?” The parrot answered, “You know that.”11. A. group B. team C. couple D. crowd12. A. wife B. sister C. mother D. daughter13. A. curious B. nervous C. guilty D. angry14. A. greeted B. puzzled C. offended D. scared15. A. hugged B. seized C. trained D. rescued16. A. sent B. handed C. pulled D. dug17. A. touch B. amuse C. cheat D. embarrass18. A. warning B. comment C. suggestion D. request19. A. eyes B. feathers C. fur D. skin20. A. lasted B. arrived C. appeared D. passedNO.2 （2014重庆卷完型填空2）Cultural difference occur wherever you go. When visiting another country you should be aware of those differences and 28 them. Here are some 29 on how to fit in.Every traveler to a foreign country feels 30 at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of 31 . If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as "that crazy foreigner."Wearing proper clothes is important too . 32 locals will judge you by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern countries, exposing your flesh is 33 , especially if you are a woman . So leave your torn jeans at home.Also be cautious about expressing 34 . Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is 35 to kiss in public.28. A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove.29. A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices30. A. unsafe B. excited C. satisfied D. awkward3l. A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction32. A. but B. for C.so D.or33. A. forbidden B. allowed C. expected D. tolerated34. A. emotions B. concern C. interest D. views35. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessaryNO.3 （2014重庆卷完型填空1）Five months after my husband Steve died. I woke up one morning to the maddening sound of a leaking faucet ( 水龙头). I knew it needed repairs badly, but it 16 me so much just to think of it.All our 17 life. I was the "artist," bringing to our house much imagination. Steve was the" 18 " one. He had a real gift for handling chores (家务活). 19 me from unpleasant repair jobs.But how could such a good man have his life cut short so suddenly ! I had been so sad and angry that I completely 20 the house. That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact thatI now had to 21 the challenge of getting things fixed.I got a workman named Ahmed. Entering the house, he stopped before a picture of Steve and me. "Doesn't your husband 22 this kind of work?" he asked. "It's not hard.""He died months ago. When he was alive, he did all the repair jobs 23 ," I said quietly.Ahmed looked at me 24 . but didn't reply. He fixed the faucet, adjusted the dishwasher door, and replaced a showerhead. Apparently he was gifted as Steve had been.He did a(n) 25 job. I asked him to name his fee. "No charge, Ma'am." he said. "My father died early,and the neighbors helped my family through."By fixing a faucet, Ahmed mended my soul. Although I would sure carry the pain of 26 with me along, Ahmed reminded me of the abundant 27 in the world.16. A. hurt B. puzzled C. cost D. disappointed17. A. separate B. shared C. spiritual D. social18. A. active B. baring C. careless D. practical19. A. attracting B. sheltering C. driving D. prohibiting20. A. ignored B. hated C. cleaned D. missed21. A. come up with B. face up to C. look forward to D. step away from22. A. begin B. check C. like D. find23. A. gratefully B. firmly C. bravely D. wonderfully24. A. strangely B. innocently C. painfully D. sympathetically25. A. terrible B. excellent C. important D. dangerous26. A. loss B. failure C. fear D. regret27. A. friendship B. devotion C. kindness D. justice略NO.4 （2014湖南卷）The summer before I went off to college, Mom stood me in her usual spot behind the ironing board (烫衣板)and said, “Pay attention: I’m going to teach you to iron.”Mom clearly explained her 36 for this lesson. I was going to be 37 and needed to learn this vital skill. Also, I would be meeting new people, and properly ironed clothes would help me make a good 38 .“Learn to iron a shirt,” com Mom said, “and you can iron anything.”But ironing shirts was not 39 work. It didn’t make use of long muscles we used to throw a baseball，and it wasn’t a40 operation like ice-skating. Ironing was like driving a car on a street that has a stop sign every 10 feet, Moreover,an iron produced steam and it carried an element of 41 .If you touched the wrong part of it, you’d get burnt. If you forgot to turn it off when you 42 ,you might bum down the house.As for technique, Mom 43 me to begin with the flat spaces outward, always pushing the iron forward into wrinkled (有褶皱的）parts. Collars had to be done right. Mom said they were close to your face, where everyone would 44 them.Over the years, I’ve learned to iron shirts skillfully, which giv es me a sense of 45 Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. 46 ,through ironing I’ve learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems. “47 wrinkles one at a time,” as Mom might have sa id, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”36. A. reasons B. rules C. emotions D.methods37.A. helpful B. confident C. powerful D. independent38. A. conclusion B. suggestion C. impression D. observation39. A. useful B. easy C. special D. suitable40. A. direct B. single C. smooth D. strange41. A. doubt B. pressure C. surprise D. danger42. A. went away B. fell down C. jumped off D. looked up43. A. taught B. chose C. forced D. sent44. A. touch B. design C. see D. admire45. A. honesty B. freedom C. justice D. pride46. A. Instead B. Besides C.Otherwise D. However47. A. Make up B. Deal with C Ask for D. Rely onEASY 参考答案NO.111.C 12.A 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.A 19.B 20.DNO.228．C 29，B 30．D 31．C 32．B 33．A 34．A 35．CNO.316．A 17． B 18．D L9．B 20．A21．B 22．C 23．D 24．D 25．B 26．A 27．CNO.436-40 ADCBC 41-47 DAACDBBMediumNO.1 （2014江西卷）“Mum, can I invite my classmate Brett over to stay tomorrow night, please? It’s Friday, and we don’t have any _36__.Can I, please?” Mum was sitting at the kitchen table. Dad was _37__next to her, resting his head on his arms. Mum could _38__that James wanted so badly to have his friend over.“I’m so sorry, James,” she said.“I’m never allowed to have friends come to the house? Why, Mum?” James asked sadly, almost in _39__.“I know it’s _40__ for you,” Mum said softly. “But I’m just worried other people might think we’re a littl e… strange. And then they would make fun of you.”“No, they wouldn’t, Mum,” James protested. “We’re not _41__ at all. We’re just ordinary people.”Mum sighed heavily. “ To tell you the truth, James, my neck has been so painful that it’s given me a heavy _42__. And your poor father –he doesn’t feel _43__. He really needs a rest.”“I can help, Mum!” James said. “_44__ I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please?”“Well…”Mum began.“Great ! Thanks ,Mum!” James almost shouted. “ Just sit there, don’t move.” He rushed over to the kitchen drawer and _45__ what he needed –two .com spanners. “ Hang on, Mum,” he said. “ This won’t take a second.” After some _46__, James was finished. With a smile of _47__ on his face he said, “ There! How does that feel?” “ Oh, James,” Mum said. “ That’s a much better! How did you do it?”“Easy,” James said _48__.” Dad had tightened your neck bolts (螺栓) too much! I just_49__ them slightly !I learned that in robotic science at school.”“What about you father? Can you ___ him?” asked Mum.“I’ll try,” James replied. He __51_ up Dad’s hair at the back of his neck. and plugged the electric wire into Dad’s head. Then he turned the _52__on. Dad opened his eyes and _53__ immediately . “ He just let his _54__run too low, t hat’s all,” James said, “Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow?”“I guess so,” replied Mum. “ Your friends will just have to _55__ that we are a very unusual family. Thanks, son !”36. A. chance B.message C. homework D.difficulty37. A. a sleep B.reading C. alone D.standing38. A. explain B.see C. agree D. doubt39. A. terror B. tears C. surprise D. silence40. A. fair B. easy C. good D. hard41. A. strange B. normal C. popular D. anxious42. A. headache B. loss C. task D. day43. A. ill B. funny C. sorry D. well44. A. As B. If C. Since D. Before45. A. kept B. controlled C. found D. returned46. A. requests B. thoughts C. repairs D. instructions47. A. sympathy B. satisfaction C bitterness D. politeness48. A. embarrassedly B. gratefully C. impatiently D. proudly49. A. adjusted B. collected C. produced D. covered50. A. greet B. accompany C. help D. ask51. A. lifted B. caught C. gave D. filled52. A. television B. power C. light D. gas53. A. grew up B. lay down C. broke down D. sat up54. A. food B. temperature C. battery D. blood55. A. prove B. expect C. suspect D. acceptNO.2 （2014新课标I卷）As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this 41 at work in people of all 42 . For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about 43 with their new toys. But their 44 soon wears off and by January those 45 toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of 46 stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s 47 interest. When parents bring home a pet, their child 48 bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the 49 of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescents enter high school with great 50 but are soon looking forward to 51 . The same is true of the young adults going to college. And then, how many 52 , who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work, 53 drove for hours at a time when they first 54 their driver’s license (执照)? Before people retire, they usually 55 to do a lot of 56 things, which they never had 57 to do while working. But 58 after retirement , the golfing, the fishing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they 59 . And , like the child in January, they go searching for new 60 .41. A. principle B. habit C. weaker D. power42. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages43. A. working B. living C. playing D. going44. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow45. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive46. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly- collected D. half-filled47. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main48. A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly49. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game50. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement51. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success52. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees53. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely54. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D.discovered55. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan56. A. great B. strong C. difficult D. correct57. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge58. A. only B. well C. even D. soon.59. A. lost B. chose C. left D. quit60. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleaguesNO.3 (2014北京卷)The Fitting-in of Suzy KhanThe first time I saw Suzy Khan, I knew I had to help her. She was really small for her age of 12. The boy in my class often 36 about her and laughed their heads off. She would open a book, pretending to read, with tears dropping on the open page.All I knew was that she was an orphan (孤儿) from Africa. She had just been adopted by a family in town who 37 that the best way for her to learn American ways of life was to be with American kids. I looked down at this 38 girl and promised myself that somehow I would help her.But how could I help her 39 in with us? There had to be a 40 .One day, when I went into the classroom, I saw that Suzy had 41 her geography book to a picture of a train, and in her notebook, she had made a(n) 42 copy.I was surprised and thought that she could do something in the coming 43 show. So, I took her to see the art teacher, Miss Parker, and showed her what Suzy had 44 . “why, it’s wonderful,” said Miss Parker, who then showed us a poster she had painted 45 the talent show. “I need more of these, but I just don’t have enough 46 . Could you help me, Suzy?”On the day of the talent show, Suzy’s 47 were everywhere ---- all over the hall and all over the school, each one different.“And finally,” said Mr Brown, the schoolmaster, at the end of the show, “we have a (n) award. I’m sure you’ve all noticed the wonderful posters.” Everyone nodded. “One of our own students 49 them.”I could hear everyone whispering. “Who in our sch ool could draw 50 well?”Mr. Brown waited a while before saying, “ 51 this student worked so hard on the posters, she deserves a 5 ,too. Our mystery(神秘) artist is our new student ---- Suzy Khan!”Mr. Brown thanked her for all the wond erful posters and gave her a professional artist’s set. “Thank you,” she cried.I 53 , at that time when I was looking at her excited face, she’d probably never 54 anything in her whole life.Everyone started to 55 their hands. Suzy Khan gave them a shy smile and the applause was defending. I knew then Suzy was going to be all right.36. A. joked B. cared C. trains D. worried37. A. reported B. decided C. complained D. questioned38. A. rich B. proud C. tiny D. popular39. A. come B fall C. fit D. tie40. A. manner B. pattern C. choice D. way41. A. read B. taken C. opened D. put42. A. free B. perfect C. final D. extra43. A.are B.talk C.quiz D. talent44. A. colored B. written C. carved D. drawn45. A. at B. after C. for D. around46. A. room B. time C. paper D. interest47. A. gifts B. books C. photos D. posters48. A. special B. academic C. national D. rayal49. A. painted B. found C. printed D. collected50. A. very B. that C. quite D. too51. A. If B. Though C. Unless D. Since52. A. prize B. rank C. rest D. place53. A. replied B. realized C.remembered D. regretted54. A. offered B. valued C. owned D. controlled55. A. clap B. wave C. raise D. shakeNO.4 （2014山东卷完型填空2）Charlotte Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age five with her family. While 21 her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had a(an) 22 in medicine. At 18 she married and 23 a family. Several years later, Charlotte said she wanted to be a24 . Her husband supported her decision.25 , Canadian medical schools did not 26 women students at the time. Therefore, Charlotte went to the United States to study 27 at the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia. It took her five years to 28 her medical degree.Upon graduation, Charlotte 29 to Montreal and set up a private 30 . Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba, and there she was once again a 31 doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlotte 32 herself operating on damaged limbs and setting 33 bones, in addition to delivering all the babies in the area.But Charlotte had been practicing without a license. She had 34 a doctor’s license in both Montreal and Winnipeg, but was 35 . The Manitoba College of Physicians and Surgeons, an all-male board, wanted her to 36 her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to 37 her patients to spend time studying what she already knew. So in 1887, she appeared to the Manitoba Legislature to 38 a license to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte 39 to practice without a license until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.In 1993, 77 years after her 40 , a medical license was issued to Charlotte. This decision was made by the Manitoba Leg islature to honor “this courageous and pioneering woman.”21. A. raising B. teaching C. nursing D. missing22. A. habit B. interest C. opinion D. voice23. A. invented B. selected C. offered D. started24. A. doctor B. musician C. lawyer D. physicist25. A. Besides B. Unfortunately C. Otherwise D. Eventually26. A. hire B. entertain C. trust D. accept27. A. history B. physics C. medicine D. law28. A. improve B. save C. design D. earn29. A. returned B. escaped C. spread D. wandered30. A. school B. museum C. clinic D. lab31. A. busy B. wealthy C. greedy D. lucky32. A. helped B. found C. troubled D. imagined33. A. harmful B. tired C. broken D. weak34. A. put away B. taken over C. turned in D. applied for35. A. punished B. refused C. blamed D. fired36. A. display B. change C. preview D. complete37. A. leave B. charge C. test D. cure38. A. sell B. donate C. issue D. show39. A. continued B. promised C. pretended D. dreamed40. A. birth B. death C. wedding D. graduationNO.5 （2014天津卷）One night, when I was eight , my mother gently asked me a question I would never forget. “Sweetie, my company wants to 16 me but needs me to work in Brazil. This is like your teacher telling that you’ve done 17 and allowing you to skip a grade(跳级), but you’ll have to 18 your friends. Would you say yes to your teacher?” She gave me a hug and asked me to think about it. I was puzzled. The question kept me 19 for the rest of the night I had said “yes” but for the first time, I realized the 20 decisions adults had to make.For almost four years, my mother would call us from Brazil every day. Every evening I’d 21 wait for the phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day. A phone call, however, could never replace her 22 and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.During my fourth-grade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large 23 apartment, I became 24 how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. It was then 25 I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on 26 family and work. 27 difficult decisions, she used to tell me, you wouldn’t know whether you make the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a 28 attitude.Back home , I 29 myself that what my mother could do, I could, too. If she 30 to live in Rio all by herself, I, too, could learn to be 31 . I learn how to take care of myself and set high but achievable 32.My mother is now back with us. But I will never forget what the 33 has really taught me. Sacrifices 34 in the end. The separation between us has proved to be 35 for me.16. A. attract B. promote C. surprise D. praise17. A. little B. much C. well D. wrong18. A. leave B. refuse C. contact D. forgive19. A. explaining B. sleeping C. wondering D. regretting20. A. poor B. timely C. final D. tough21. A. eagerly B. politely C. nervously D. curiously22. A. patience B. presence C. intelligence D. Influence23. A. Comfortable B. Expensive C. Empty D. Modern24. A. Interested in B. aware of C. doubtful D. satisfied with25. A. when B. where C. which D. that26. A. abandoning B. balancing C. comparing D. mixing27. A. Depending on B. supplied with C. Faced with D. Insisting on28. A. different B. friendly C. positive D. general29. A. criticized B. informed C. warned D. reminded30. A. managed B. offered C. attempted D. expected31. A. grateful B. energetic C. independent D. practical32. A. examples B. limits C. rules D. goals33. A. question B. experience C. history D. occasion34. A. pay off B. come back C. run out D. turn up35. A. blessing B. gathering C. failure D. pleasureNO.6 (2014广东卷)Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have 1 feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common 2 between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over 3 rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the 4 . On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different 6 to these problems. However, some approaches are more 7 than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but 8 clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s 9 . On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the 10 of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to 11 their actions.Psychologists say that 12 is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should 13 to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may 14 their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and 15 each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.1. A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar2. A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge3. A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked4. A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research5. A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing6. A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes7. A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful8. A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly9. A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature10. A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills11. A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider12. A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust13. A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk14. A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop15. A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praisingMedium参考答案NO.136-40 CABBD 41-45 AADBC 46-50 CBDAC 51-55 ABDCDNO.241-45 ADCBA 46-50 DBCBD 51-55 ACBBD 56-60 AADCBNO.3 36-40: ABCCD 41-45: CBDDC 46-50: BDAAB 51-55:DABCANO.421.C 22.B 23.D 24.A 25.B 26.D 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.C31.A 32.B 33.C 34.D 35.B 36.D 37.A 38.C 39.A 40.BNO.5 16-20 BCACD 21-25 ABCBD 26-30 BCCDA 31-35 CDBAANO.6 1-5 DBCBC 6-10 ADAAC 11-15 DADBCDifficultNO.1 (2014北京卷)Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished rea ding, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case accor ding to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, th e psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social dev elopment in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange o f poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among wome n. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes o n to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物like monkeys.By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom tword格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持hey can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater th e __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. G rooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __6 3__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evol ved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups byexchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ conta ct.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret2014上海卷的参考答案：51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A 56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C61. D 62. D 63. B 64. B 65. C。
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ｓｕｐｐｏｓｅｄｌｙ ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｌＩｌｅｎｔｓ，ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ ｗａｔｃｈｅｄ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｉｔｈ ｔｈｅ ｍｏｓｔ ｔｈｅ
ｄｅｐａｍｎｅｎｔｓ
ｍｏｓｔ“ｏｕｔ ｏｆ
ｏｆ ａｄＶｅｒｔｉｓｉｎｇ ａｇｅｎｃｉｅｓ ａｎｄ ｅｄｉｔｏｒｉａｌ ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇｓ ａｔ ｍａｇａｚｉｎｅｓ，Ｉ’ｖｅ
的能力，但她常常无法解决
．＇ＩｌＩ－
ｒｉｓｋ—ｔａｋｅｒ ｓｉｄｅ ｏｆ ｔｈｅ ｓｐｅｃｔｒｕｍ＂．Ｔｈｏｕｇｈ ｈｅｒ ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ ｉｎｉｔｉａｌｌｙ ｈｉｒｅｄ ｈｅｒ ｆｂｒ ｈｅｒ
ｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ—ｓ０１Ｖｉｎｇ ｓｋｉｌｌｓ，ｓｈｅ ｉｓ ｒｅｇｕｌａｒｌｙ
ｕｎａｂｌｅ ｔｏ ｆｉｘ ａｃｔｕａｌ Ｄｒｏｂｌｅｍｓ ｂｅｃａｕｓｅ ｎｏｂｏｄｙ ｗｉｌｌ ｌｉｓｔｅｎ ｔｏ ｈｅｒ ｉｄｅａｓ．“Ｉ
ａｎ ａ ｃａｎ
ｉｎｔｅｒｆｂｒｅ
人们认可创意的能力。
我的一个好朋友在某科
ｅｖｅｎ
ｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｚｅ
技新兴企业工作。她创意多
多，聪明敏锐，是愿意承担 风险的那类人。虽然公司起
ｉｎｔｅｎｓｅｌｙ ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ
ｏｎ
ａｎｄ ｉｎｔｅｌｌｉｇｅｎｔ媸ｐｅｒｓｏｎ ｗｈｏ ｆａｌｌｓ
ｔｈｅ
初聘用她是看中她解决问题
ｔｒａｎｓｆｂ咖ｅｄ
ｏｕｒ
ｃｅｌｅｂｒａｔｅｌ ｔｈｅ
ｆ．ａｍｏｕｓｌＶ ｉｍａ２ｉｎａｔｉｖｅ，ｔｈｅ
Ｖｈｎ Ｇｏｇｈ２ ｔｏ ＳｔｅＶｅ ｓｕｐｐｏｓｅｄ ｔｏ ｂｅ
ａｎ
ｇｒｅａｔｅｓｔ
ｉ皿ｏｖａｔｏｒｓ丘ｏｍ
ＪＯｂｓ３．Ⅵｅｗｉｎｇ
ａ
ｔｈｅ ｗｏｒｌｄ ｃｒｅａｔｉＶｅｌｙ ｉｓ
ａｓｓｅｔ珥，ｅｖｅｎ
０ｒ
ｒｅｊｅｃｔｉＩｌｇ
ａ
ｇｏｏｄ ｉｄｅａ．
ａｒｅ
Ｅｖｅｎ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｗｈｏ ｓａｙ ｔｈｅｙ
ｌｏｏｋｉｎｇ ｆｂｒ ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔＶ
而宾夕法尼亚大学２０１１年的一份研究 发现，甚至一些声称寻找创意的人对创意的
反应也并不积极。新点子必然会有不确定 性因素，而大多数人几乎不 惜一切代价希望避免不确定 性。人们对确定性的偏爱令 创意遭受冷遇，甚至阻碍了
ａｃｃｏｍ＿ｐｌｉｓｈｍｅｎｔｓ ｏｆ ｉｎｖｅｎｔｏｒｓ ａｎｄ
ｗｈｏｓｅ ｉｄｅａｓ ｈａｖｅ
ｔｈｉｎｋｅｒｓ—ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ
ｗｏｒｌｄ．Ｗｅ ａ而ｓｔｓ
ａｎｄ
明家和思想者的成就——是这些充满创造性 的人的创意改变了我们的世界。我们尊崇
凡・高、斯蒂夫・乔布斯等想象力丰富的著 名艺术家和创新者。能以创造性的眼光审视 世界被当做一项优点，甚至是一种美德。网 上的招聘广告全是要招收“创意人士”或“突 破思维常规”的员工。我们受到的教导说， 我们自己的创意会受到他人的赞美；如果我 们有好主意，我们就会获得成功。
ｓｃａｔｈｉｎ矿ｃｒｉｔｉｑｕｅｓ
ａｇａｉｌｌｓｔ也ｃ ａＩｔ ｗｏｒｌｄ，ｐａｎｉｃｕｌａｒｌｙ
ａｇ咖ｓｔ ａｎ
ｅｄｕｃａｔｉＯｎ，ｗｈｉｃｈ ｈｅ ｂｅｌｉｅｖｅｓ ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｉＯⅡａＨｚｅｓ２５ ｍｅｄｉｏｃｒｉｔｖ２６ ｔｈｒｏｕｇｈ ｉｔｓ ｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃ
龇ｕｇｈ
４０
ｒｅｊｅｃｔｉｏｎ
ｓｕｃｃｅｅｄ．
Ｉｔ’ｓ ａＵ
ａ
ｌｉｅ．Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｔｈｅ ｔｈｉｎ２ ａｂｏｕｔ ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ ｔｈａｔ ｉｓ
这些全是谎话。关于创意这件事，人们 很少承认的是：大多数人其实并不喜欢它。 研究证实了许多有创造性的人一直怀疑的事 情：尽管一再否认，但人们事实上对创造性 思维怀有偏见。 “我们把有创造性的人当做英雄，颂扬
科技前沿・反思
＿ｎｓｉ ｄ ｅ Ｔｈ ｅ Ｂｏｘ
循规蹈矩
Ｐｅｏｐｆｅ如ｎ ｔ
ｏｃ￡配口缈砒ｅ ｃｒｅｏ砌咄
人们其实并不喜欢创造性。
Ｂｖ ＪｅｓｓｉＣａ ＯＨｅｎ
Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ Ｕｎｉｔｅｄ Ｓｔａｔｅｓ ｗｅ
ａｒｅ
ｒａｉｓｅｄ ｔｏ ａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｅ ｔｈｅ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
在美国，我们从小就受教育要赏识发
ｏｆ ｇｏｏｄ ｉｄｅａｓ．Ａｎ ｉｓ ｇｏｉｎｇ
ｗｈａｔ Ｈｉｃｋｅｙ ｃａｌｌｓ ａ“ｓｔｌｌｐｉｄ ｐｈａｓｅ．＂
ａｓｉｄｅ丘－ｏｍ ａｓｓｅｒｔｉｎ９２１ ｈｅｒ ｐｏｗｅｒ．
ｓ ａ
Ｔｈｉ ｓ ｉ
ｃｏｍｍｏｎ ａｎｄ ｆｂｒ
ａ
ｏｆｔｅｎ
ｉｎｆｕｒｉａｔｉｎ９２２ ｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ
ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ ｐｅｒｓｏｎ．Ｅｖｅｎ ｉｎ
令人着急上火的事情。甚至在一个应当鼓 励创意的环境里，例如广告公司的创意部 门或者杂志的选题会上，我也看到最有创
ｄｎｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｅ
Ｇｒａｃｅ Ｃｏｄｄｉｎｇｔｏｎ，ｓｅｅｍｉｎｇｌｙ ｗｉｔｈ
ｒｅａｓｏｎ
ｐｒ（’ｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ（）｛ｔｈｅ ｓｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ ２００７ 融ｓ“Ｐ形‘Ａ，，ＩＰ，‘ｆｃ日，２怕ｇ“Ｐ，＂ｄｇ“ｏｉ，２Ｆ．７讫Ｐ，ｉ加ｚ
ｒｅｖｏ｜ｖｅｓ ｎｒｏｕｎｄ ｔｈｅ ｌｎｎｋｉｎｇ ０ｆ｜｝１ｅ Ｖｏｇｕｅ ｓｅｐｔｅｍｂｅｒ ２００７ ｉｓｓｕｅ．
１．ｃｅＩｅｂｒａｔｅ，ｓｅｌＩｂｒｅＩｔ／说赞美：颂扬：歌颂
２．Ｖａｎ Ｇｏｇｈ：即Ｖｉｎｃｅｎｔ Ｖａｎ Ｇｏｇｈ凡・高（１８５３－１８９０），荷兰画家，后
Ｐｉｘａｒ动画公司的董事长及行政总裁。 ４．ａｓｓｅｔ／’茁ｓｅｔ／聍．宝贵（或有益）的人（或东西）： 优点，长处，有利条件 ５．ｂｕｒｓｔ／ｂ３：ｓｔ／ｖｆ．满得几乎要爆裂：挤满：充满
框框想问题：另辟途径：本文题目ｉｎｓｉｄｅ ｌｈｅ ｂｏｘ 反其意而用之。 ７．ａ¨ａＩｏｎａ一直：始终
８．ｂｅ ｂｉａｓｅｄ ａｇａｉｎｓｔ ｓｂ，ｓｔｈ使有偏见：存有
偏见 ９．ａｆｔｅｒ＿ｅｆ艳ｃｔ／’ａ：ｆ【ａｒＩＩｆｅｋｔ／ｎ．事后影响：余波
２Ｄ７４．Ｄ５
英语文摘
３９
万方数据
科技前沿・反思
ｒａｒｅｌｙ ａｃｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｄ：Ｍｏｓｔ ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｄｏｎ’ｔ ａｃｔｕａｌｌｙ １ｉｋｅ ｉｔ． Ｓｔｕｄｉｅｓ
ｃｏｎ五肌ｗｈａｔ ｍａｎｙ ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ
ａｒｅ
ｐｅｏｐｌｅ ｈａｖｅ ｓｕｓｐｅｃｔｅｄ ａＵ
ａＩｏｎｇ ７：Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ
ｂｉａｓｅｄ ａｇａｉｎｓＰ ｃｒｅａｔｉＶｅ ｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇ，ｄｅｓｐｉｔｅ
ｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇ—ｔｈｅ
意——最“不落窠臼”——的想法受到冷
落或者嘲笑，人们青睐的是那些循规蹈矩 的意见。
ｂｏｘ＂一ｉｄｅａｓ
ａＩｌ
ｂｅ ｉｇｎｏｒｅｄ
ｏｒ
ｒｉｄｉｃｕｌｅｄ ｉｎ ｆｈｖｏｒ ｏｆ ｔｈｏｓｅ ｗｈｏ
ｒｅபைடு நூலகம்ｅａｔ
ｅｓｔａｂｌｉｓｈｅｄ ｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ． ｈａｔｅｓ ｉｔ ｗｈｅｎ ｓｏｍｅｔｈｉｎｇ’ｓ ｒｅａｌｌｙ ｇｒｅａｔ，’’ｓａｙｓ
Ｗｅｓｔｅｍ
ａｗｆｈｌⅢｌｏｔ ｏｆ ｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅ ｔｏ ｃｏｎｆｂｒｍ¨，＂ｈｅ
尊崇独立，但仍要屈从过多压力，”他说。 即使放弃真理或回绝一个好主意，知足者
也不愿意挑起风波。
ｓａｙｓ．Ｓａｔｉｓｎｅｒｓ ａＶｏｉｄ ｓｔｉｒｒｉｎｇ ｔｈｉｎｇｓ ｕｐⅡ，ｅｖｅｎ ｉｆ ｉｔ ｍｅａｎｓ ｆｏｒｓａｌ【ｉｎｇ”ｔｈｅ仃ＩＩｔｈ
他们，但我们实际颂扬的是他们创造的效
应，”加利福尼亚大学伯克利商学院研究人类 创造性的专家巴里・斯塔说。卜
Ｂ哪，Ｓｔａｗ，ａ
ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｒ ａｔ ｔｈｅ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ ｏｆ Ｃａｌｉｆｏｍｉａ．
Ｂｅｒｌ（ｅｌｅｖ ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓ ｓｃｈ００１ ｗｈｏ ｓｐｅｃｉａｌｉｚｅｓ ｉｎ ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｉｔｙ．◆
Ｚ讫口・Ｓ！印ｆＰｍ６Ｐｒ ｂｓ以Ｐ２０，Ａｎｎａ Ｗｉｎｔｏｕｒ ｓｙｓｔｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙ
Ｉｎ ｔｈｅ ｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔａｒｙ
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ｅｃｔｓ ｔｈｅ ｉｄｅａｓ ｏｆ ｈｅｒ ｃｒｅａｔｉｖｅ ｄｉｒｅｃｔｏｒ
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ｅｄｉｔｏｒ—ｉｎ－ｃｈｉ西Ａｎｎｎ Ｗｉｎｔｏｕｒ ｄＨｄ ｈｅｒ ｓｍｌ＝ｆ
“ＥＶｅｒｙｂｏｄｙ
“人们不喜欢那些极为伟大的事物，”
散文家、艺术评论家戴夫・希基说。希基 以对艺术界、尤其是艺术教育的尖锐批评 而著称。他认为目前的艺术教育通过其对 优秀创意的一贯否定而培养了大量平庸之 辈。希基称，当下的艺术正在进入“愚蠢期”。 事实上，我采访的所有人都同意这卜
ｅｓｓａｙｉｓｔ ａｎｄ ａｒｔ ｃｒｉｔｉｃ Ｄａｖｅ Ｈｉｃｋｅｙ”．Ｈｅ ｉｓ ｆａｍｏｕｓ ｆｏｒ ｈｉｓ
６．ｏｕｔ ｏｆｔｈｅ ｂｏｘ：即ｔｈｉｎｋ ｏｕｔ ｏｆｔｈｅ ｂｏｘ删Ｅ出
印象主义代表人物之一，以风景画和人物画著称。用色富于表现力和激情， 主要作品有《邮递员罗兰》、《画架前的自画像》、《星夜》等。他是 表现主义的先驱，并深深影响了２０世纪的艺术，尤其是野兽派与德国表现 主义。 ３．Ｓｔｅｖｅ Ｊｏｂｓ：蒂夫・保罗・乔布斯（１９５５．２０１ １），美国著名发明家、企业 家、美国苹果公司联合创办人，被视为计算机业界与娱乐业界的标志性人 物。他经历了苹果公司几十年的起落与兴衰，先后领导和推出了麦金塔 计算机（Ｍａｃｉｎｔｏｓｈ）、ｉＭａｃ、ｉＰｏｄ、ｉＰｈｏｎｅ、ｉＰａｄ等风靡全球的电 子产品。深刻地改变了现代通讯、娱乐、生活方式。乔布斯同时也是前
ｍｙｓｅｌｆ，’”ｓｈｅ
ｓｏ
ｓａｖｓ．
“Ｂｕｔ ｔｈｅｙ ｗｏｎ’ｔ，ａｎｄ ｌｅｓｓ ｅ伍ｃｉｅｎｔ．”
ｔｈｅ ｓｙｓｔｅｍ ｓｔａＶｓ
安娜・温特尔一股脑地否决 了创意总监格蕾丝・柯丁顿 的各个提议。除了行使领导 权威外，温特尔的反对似乎 没有任何缘由。 对“点子王”来说，社 会摒绝是司空见惯、常会