语言学概论期末复习题(1)

语言学概论期末复习题（1）

Ⅰ. Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and choose the letter A, B, C or D. (20%)

1. When language is used for establishing an atmosphere or maintaining social contact rather than for

exchanging information or ideas, it serves a _____ function.

A. expressive

B. evocative

C. performative

D. phatic

2. Language serves the ________ function when it is used to express the speaker?s feeling or

attitude or to arouse a certain feeling or attitude in the hearer.

A. phatic

B. informative

C. emotive

D. directive

3. A ______ is any morpheme or combination of morphemes to which an affix can be added.

A. root

B. free morpheme

C. stem

D. suffix

4. _____ studies the changes in language and language use with respect to social factors.

A. Sociolinguistics

B. Comparative linguistics

C. Syntax

D. Computational linguistics

5._________ studies the total stock of morphemes of a language particularly those items which have clear semantic references.

A. Phonology

B. Lexicography

C. Lexicology

D. Morphology

6. ________studies the mental processes that a person uses in producing and understanding language, and how humans learn language.

A. Sociolinguistics

B. Psycholinguistics

C. Neurolinguistics

D. Anthropology

7. The fact that ability to speak a language is transmitted from generation to

generation by a process of learning, and not genetically is usually referred to as ___________.

A. performance

B. language acquisition

C. cultural transmission

D. competence

8. _________ a term used to characterize any approach which attempt to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used.

A. Descriptive grammar

B. Prescriptive grammar

C. Pedagogical grammar

D. Universal Grammar

9. Which branch of linguistics studies the similarities and differences among languages?

A. Diachronic linguistics

B. Synchronic linguistics

C. Prescriptive linguistics

D. Comparative linguistics

10. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called__________.

A. semantics

B. phonology

C. syntax

D. morphology

11. ___________ covers the study of language use in relation to context, and in particular the

study of linguistic communication.

A. Semantics

B. Pragmatics

C. Sociolinguistics

D. Stylistics

12. Morphology is generally divided into two fields: the study of the rules by which words are

formed and the ___________ of words.

A. affixation

B. bond morphemes

C. internal structure

D. free morphemes

13. ________ is a sub-field of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.It is

the rules of how words are combined together to form sentences.

A. Morphology

B. Syntax

C. Semantics

D. Pragmatics

14. There are different types of affixes or morphemes. The “ed”in the word “learned”is

known as a(n) ________.

A. derivative morpheme

B. free morpheme

C. inflectional morpheme

D. stem

15. The semantic triangle holds that the meaning of a word _________.

A. is interpreted through the mediation of concept.

B. is related to the thing it refers to.

C. is the idea associated with that word in the minds of speakers.

D. is the image it is represented in the mind.

66. Which of the following underlined parts is a bound morpheme?

A. relationship

B. bedroom

C. milkman

D. childlike

17. The word unreliable consists of _____ syllables as against _____ morphemes.

A. five/two

B. four/three

C. five/three

D. three/five

18. Which of the following underlined parts is an inflectional morpheme?

A. active

B. rename

C. books

D. sleepy

19. Which of the following is the correct componential analysis of the word “milk”?

A.[+DRINKS-LIQUID-COUNTABLE]

B.[+FOOD-SOLID+COUNTABLE]

C.[+FOOD+SOLID+COUNTABLE]

D.[+DRINKS+LIQUID-COUNTABLE]

20. The relation between …furniture? and …chair? is ___.

A. homophony

B. homography

C. hyponymy

D. polysemy

Ⅱ. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. (20%)

1. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time. ( f)

2. By arbitrariness Saussure means that the forms of linguistic signs bear some natural relationship to their meaning.( )

3. Human language is, unlike animal communication systems, stimulus free.( )

4. Language marks our identity, physically in terms of age, sex, and voiceprints; geographically

in terms of accents, dialects.( )

5. The sentencing of criminals is an example of emotive function of language.( )

6. Synchronic linguistic is the study of a language through the course of its history.( )

7. V oicing is a distinctive feature for English consonants.( )

8. In English, inflectional affixes are mostly prefixes.( )

9. In the word “illegal”, “il” is an allomorph of the negative morpheme.( )

10. Componential analysis can not help explain the sense relations of words.( )

11. The sentence I pour some liquid into the tube is a performative one.( )

12. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general. ( )

13. Componential analysis is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into

meaning components, called semantic features. ( )

14. The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by Halliday. ( )

15. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of

meaning or the context of use is considered.( )

16. Hyponymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same

form. ( )

17. Language is primarily written.( )

18. English is a tone language while Chinese is an intonation language.( )

19. Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different

situations.( )

20. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics, because it can tell us

how to speak correct language.( )

III. Fill the blanks (10%)

1.In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined

into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed as

p__________.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c73336533.html,nguage has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is

M__________.

3.One general principle of linguistics analysis is the primacy of s_________ over writing.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c73336533.html,nguage is p________ in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new

signals by its users. In other words, they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences which they have never heard before.

https://www.360docs.net/doc/c73336533.html,nguage is a system of a___________ vocal symbols used for human communication.

6.Modern linguistics began from the Swiss linguist ____________ (1857-1913), who is often

described as “father of modern linguistics”.

7.M__________ refers to using the name of part of an object to talk about the whole thing,

and vice versa.

8.the different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are

called the a__________ of that phoneme.

9.C________________ antonyms are pairs that express absolute opposites, like mortal and

immortal.

10.H_______________ refer to the two words that are identical in sound ( such as …piece? and

…peace?)

IV. Explain the following linguistic terms or notions in English. (20%)

1. parole

2. displacement

3. diachronic linguistics

4. performance

5. Duality

V. Give brief answers to the following questions. (30%)

1. What is componential analysis? How is it used in semantics?

2. What are the basic distinctions between modern linguistics and traditional grammar?