《觉醒》中艾德娜从依附到觉醒的转变与困惑
浅析埃德娜自我意识的觉醒
浅析埃德娜自我意识的觉醒摘要：本文结合小说写作的时代背景，将女主人公置于当时的社会环境中探讨她的心路历程。
埃德娜追求个性解放经历了三次觉醒，每一次觉醒都将她推入一个新的认识，同时又将她一步一步推入一个背离社会规范的境地。
这一过程之所以充满了艰辛与曲折，归结起来由两种原因导致：其一是外因，包括孩子、父亲和情人的阻碍；其二是内因，即主人公所处的男权社会对妇女的压制。
两种原因共同作用导致了女主人跳海自尽的结局。
女性追求独立解放的道路虽然充满曲折，但是《觉醒》的作者凯特·肖邦以及她塑造的女主人公埃德娜勇敢地成为这条道路的开拓者。
关键词：觉醒追求解放曲折开拓者十九世纪末的美国是一个以男权为中心的社会，由于男人在经济上占有绝对的统治地位，社会生活的各个方面如法律、习俗和文化都是以男性为中心。
他们“垄断”着政治，经济和文化，使得女性成为他们的附属品，不能享受同男人一样的自由生活。
妇女所受的教育不是教她们如何去获取知识和真理，而是把她们培养成男人的“财产”，将她们制约在家庭的樊篱中，成为真正的“房间里的天使”。
[1]随着女性受教育水平的不断提高，她们对各种不平等的现象越来越不满意，并最终引发了第一次妇女解放运动的高潮。
这次运动波及到社会的各个领域，对文坛的影响尤为明显。
在这样的背景下，美国涌现出了一批如艾伦·格拉斯格、伊迪斯·华顿、威拉·凯瑟等卓越的女性主义作家。
这些女性作家笔下的女主人公对其从属的社会地位表示愤慨，她们勇于挑战传统，有的甚至离经叛道。
在所有这些鲜活的人物形象中，最具有代表性的当属埃德娜·庞德烈——美国南方女作家凯特·肖邦中篇小说《觉醒》的女主人公。
《觉醒》是肖邦写作生涯的最后一部作品，“也是一部超前的女权主义作品”。
[2]小说的1女主人公埃德娜作为一个上层社会的白人女性嫁入了新奥尔良的上流社会。
在六年的婚姻生活中，她遵循着当时社会的道德规范，极力扮演好妻子与母亲的角色，然而，她发现自己完全被家庭与孩子所束缚，她的渴望与创造力统统掩埋在照顾丈夫和子女的日常琐碎之中。
女性自我意识觉醒过程中的困境与纾解以凯特肖邦的《觉醒》为例
标题：西丽亚女性自我意识的觉醒：读艾丽丝沃克《紫色》
在艾丽丝沃克的《紫色》中，我们见证了一位女性自我意识觉醒的艰辛历程。 这部作品以其深刻的主题和生动的描绘，深深地触动了读者的心灵。
标题：西丽亚女性自我意识的觉醒：读艾丽丝沃克《紫色》
故事中，主角西丽亚身处充满压迫和束缚的社会环境，她的生活充满了艰辛 和挑战。然而，正是这些困难和压迫，激发了她内在的力量，促使她勇敢地面对 生活的磨难。她的自我意识逐渐觉醒，她开始质疑那些对女性规定的束缚，开始 追求自我价值和独立。
三、唐代女性自我意识觉醒的意 义
三、唐代女性自我意识觉醒的意义
唐代女性自我意识的觉醒对她们自身以及整个社会都产生了深远的影响。首 先，这种觉醒使女性开始更加积极地参与社会生活，并逐渐争取到更多的权利和 地位。其次，这种觉醒也促进了社会的进步和发展。女性开始发出自己的声音， 表达自己的需求和想法，这无疑为社会的多元化和进步做出了贡献。
二、唐代女性自我意识的觉醒
二、唐代女性自我意识的觉醒
在服饰的变迁中，我们也可以看到唐代女性自我意识的觉醒。她们开始更加 自己的身体、情感和需求，并通过服饰来表达自己的个性和审美。
二、唐代女性自我意识的觉醒
1、对自身身体的：唐代女性开始自己的身体，并尝试通过服饰来展示身体的 美。比如，她们喜欢穿着贴身的长裙和短裙，以展现自己的身材。
三、结论：女性自我意识觉醒的意义与影响
《觉醒》以其深刻的主题和独特的人物塑造,让我们深入理解了女性的处境与 追求,以及女性在社会发展中的重要作用,对于我们认识和理解女性的历史地位具 有深远的影响。
参考内容
内容摘要
《飘》是美国作家玛格丽特·米切尔创作的长篇小说，以19世纪60年代美国 南北战争和战后重建为背景，生动地描绘了女主人公斯嘉丽的爱情纠葛和生活遭 遇。这部作品不仅刻画了一个不屈不挠的女性形象，同时也展现了美国南方种植 园经济由兴盛到崩溃，奴隶主阶级由疯狂挑起战争直至失败灭亡的历史。南北战 争是斯嘉丽人生的一个重要转折点，这个时期的女性意识也随着斯嘉丽的成长和 变化而逐渐觉醒。
解读《觉醒》中艾德娜的成长模式
摘要《觉醒》是美国女性作家凯特·肖邦的代表作。
然而，在1899年首次出版后，《觉醒》便遭遇了长达半个多世纪的冷遇期，作家本人的创作生涯也随之跌落低谷。
肖邦对女主角艾德娜种种罔顾社会道德行径的描写使得小说为同时代的批评家竞相诟病。
经过数位学者的不断努力，《觉醒》的文学价值得以挖掘，最终被扶上美国文坛正典的地位。
肖邦用细腻的笔触描绘了艾德娜的成长历程，展现了十九世纪已婚妇女压抑的内心世界。
成长是人类生活中普遍而重要的体验，它记录了个体如何从懵懂走向成熟，最终适应社会的过程。
本文运用热内普的通过仪式理论将《觉醒》中艾德娜的成长过程分为三部分，分别是：分离阶段、过渡阶段和融合阶段。
在艾德娜逐渐觉醒的过程中，她的成长环境也在发生改变。
空间变化是实现分离仪式的途径之一，艾德娜的分离仪式始于格兰德岛，返回奥尔良老家以后，她进入了漫长的过渡时期，始终徘徊在介于“贤妻良母”和“艺术家”的中间地带。
在庆祝了二十九岁生日后，艾德娜搬入了“鸽子房”，而她始终没有找到适合自己的新身份，绝望的艾德娜沉入大海的怀抱，完成了最后的融合仪式。
从广阔的格兰德岛到奥尔良老家最后到“鸽子房”，艾德娜逐渐远离社交，回归内心世界。
与在外冒险的男主人公不同，艾德娜的成长是一次向内的探索过程。
肖邦未采用传统的线性叙述，而是选取了艾德娜成长中重要的片段来揭示她内心的改变。
首先，肖邦详细描绘了艾德娜的双面人生，揭示了她压抑的内心世界。
接着，她为艾德娜的成长设立了两位导师：拉提诺夫人和芮芝小姐。
拉提诺夫人希望艾德娜成为像她一样的贤妻良母，而芮芝小姐希望艾德娜成长为艺术家。
同时，肖邦也安排了两位男性角色：罗伯特和埃洛宾，来阻碍艾德娜的成长。
最后，肖邦借由艾德娜的自杀，表达了她对同时代女性的深深同情。
艾德娜自身的性格缺陷和腐朽的社会制度同时将她推向了死亡的深渊。
关键词：艾德娜；女性成长；觉醒型叙述模式；通过仪式AbstractAs Kate Chopin’s masterpiece, The Awakening has been neglected for about half a century since its first publication. But with efforts of many scholars, it achieved the canonical status in the American literature. With an elegant writing style, Chopin traced the growth process of Edna, revealing the repressive inner world of the nineteenth-century women.As a universal and important life experience, growth demonstrated how an individual became wise and mature, abandoning innocence, and finally fitted into society. This thesis employed rites of passage to analyze Edna’s growth. Accordingly, Edna’s growth could be divided into three periods: the separation from her previous life, the marginal period, and a new life stage after rites of incorporation. As Edna awakened, the living environment also changed. The separation ceremony was usually achieved through a change of space. As for Edna, the separation ceremony began at Grand Isle. After returning home in New Orleans, she spent a long time lingering in a neutral zone between the “mother-woman” world and the artist world. She moved into the pigeon house after the twenty-ninth birthday. However, she failed to find a new identity. At last, Edna plunged into the sea to finish the ceremony of incorporation. In the course of development, Edna gradually withdrew from the society to confine herself in a narrower space. Unlike the chronological growth of heroes, Edna followed an inward growth pattern.Chopin chose the prevailing pattern of novels of female initiation to trace Edna’s growth. Through several important moments in Edna’s life, Chopin showed a change of her psychology. At first, Chopin described Edna’s dual life in detail, revealing her repressive psychology. Then, she arranged two guiders: Mrs. Ratignolle and Mademoiselle Reisz. Meanwhile, she depicted two male characters: Robert and Arobin to seduce Edna. At last, through Edna’s suicide, Chopin showed her deep sympathy towards the contemporary women. Not only Edna’s own character but also the rigid social norms pushed her to death.Key words: Edna; Female growth; The narrative pattern of awakening; Rites of passageContents摘要 (i)Abstract................................................................................................................................. i i Contents ............................................................................................................................... i ii Introduction.. (1)1.Brief Introduction of Kate Chopin and The Awakening (1)2.Review of Existing Studies on The Awakening (3)3.Research Objective and Theory Perspective (8)4.General Structure (11)Chapter One The Bildungsroman and Female Initiation (12)1.1. Androcentrism in the Traditional Bildungsroman (13)1.2. The Historical Change of Female Bildungsroman (14)1.2.1. Female Initiation in the Feminine Phase (16)1.2.2. Female Initiation in the Feminist Phase (17)1.2.3. Female Initiation in the Female Phase (18)Chapter Two Rites of Separation: Farewell to the Previous Life (21)2.1. Edna’s Dual Life (21)2.1.1. The Submissive “Angel in the House” (22)2.1.2. The Rebellious Bird in the Sky (23)2.2. Edna’s Awakening (25)2.2.1. The Changes in Living Environment (26)2.2.2. The Calling from the Sea (28)2.2.3. The Inspiration from Piano Music (30)Chapter Three Rites of Margin: Pursuit of a New Life (32)3.1. Guiders (32)3.1.1. “Mother-woman” —Adéle Ratignolle (33)3.1.2. Artist—Mademoiselle Reisz (35)3.2. Seductions (38)3.2.1. The Romantic Love from Robert Lebrun (40)3.2.2. The Sexual Satisfaction from Alcée Arobin (41)Chapter Four Rites of Incorporation: Failure to Growth (44)4.1. Confused Self-identity of Edna (44)4.1.1. Unqualified Housewife—Lack of Responsibility (45)4.1.2. Unsuccessful Painter—Lack of Independence (46)4.2. The Interpretation of Edna’s Failure (49)4.2.1. Internal Reason—Over-idealized Love (50)4.2.1. External Reason—Rigid Social Rules (51)Conclusion (53)Bibliography (54)Acknowledgments (58)Introduction1.Brief Introduction of Kate Chopin and The AwakeningKate Chopin (1851-1904) was a controversial writer concerning her masterpiece The Awakening (1899)which was regarded as “not a healthy book” in America at that time. In a literary career that lasted for about fourteen years, she accomplished two novels, including At Fault (1890) and The Awakening, two collections of short stories, Bayou Folk (1894) and A Night in Acadie (1897), and some essays and poems. She was initially viewed as a southern regionalist because of recurrent Creole stories. However, the “charm” and “force” of her stories, her insightful observation of contemporary women’s issues, and the splendid psychological analysis established her reputation in American literature.Chopin’s life could be roughly divided into three periods: girlhood, marriage, and writing. Kate Chopin was born Katherine O'Flaherty in St. Louis on February 8, 1851. Her father was a wealthy Irish businessman while her mother came from a declining Creole aristocracy. Chopin’s childhood was shadowed by the deaths of her beloved families. She lost her father in 1855. It was Chopin’s great-grandmother, Victoire Charleville who worked as the little girl’s mentor, teaching her French. During the Civil War, Chopin’s half-brother died from typhoid fever in his earlier twenties. Coincidently, Chopin’s great-grandmother also died a few months earlier, leaving the whole family in inconsolable sorrow. “The tremendous impact of the war on Chopin is most evident in her short stories, which frequently concern young men futilely sacrificing their lives to war while their loved ones mourn them.” (Larrabee 58)In 1860 Chopin started school at Sacred Heart where the nuns encouraged Chopin to learn English and French literature. Besides, Chopin was trained to be a skilled musician, which paved the way for entering society. After graduation from Sacred Heart in 1868, Chopin became a popular young beauty.During her debutante season, Chopin met Oscar Chopin, a twenty-five-year-old businessman from New Orleans. They soon fell in love with each other. At the age of nineteen, Chopin married Oscar. This couple spent twelve years together which was also theAt first, they lived in New Orleans. Chopin would spend the whole summer at Grand Isle which became the resort of the Pontellier family later. The couple had a busy social life, including a weekly reception day which was also described in The Awakening. Oscar was a cotton factor but failed his business in 1879. They moved to Cloutierville to make a living by running a general store. Three years later, Oscar was attacked by a severe swamp fever and died on December 10, 1882, leaving Chopin a young widow with six children. Chopin had to sell some lands and all the property she owned in order to pay off the debt left by Oscar.She finally moved back to St. Louis to reunite with her mother. However, this reunion was interrupted by Mrs. O'Flaherty’s death in 1885, which almost overwhelmed Chopin. Many years later, Chopin’s daughter described the impact of these miseries on her character: “When I speak of my mother's keen sense of humor and of her habit of looking on the amusing side of everything, I don't want to give you the impression of her being joyous, for she was on the contrary rather a sad nature...” (Rankin 35)Chopin turned to writing for comfort with the encouragement of Dr. Frederick Kolbenheyer, who was her obstetrician and later an intimate friend. Chopin started writing in her late life but she was productive. In January 1889, America, a remarkable literary and political journal, published Chopin’s first work, If I Might Be, a love poem. Chopin was eager for literary recognition after At Fault was rejected by several publishers. She decided to published it at her own expense because she was eager for literary recognition. However, as the early work of Chopin, At Fault was a failed attempt for “the artificial plot, the stilted language, and the wooden characters.” Anyway, this novel established a reputation as a regionalist for Chopin. Her short stories successively appeared in the Century, Vogue, and Atlantic. In 1894, her first collection of short stories was published, among which The Story of an Hour was widely praised. Through the absurd story, Chopin expressed much sympathy to those repressive women, imprisoned in the tragic marriages.Chopin had a successful writing career before the publication of The Awakening. In the most successful period, she could support the whole family by writing payment. In 1887, Chopin spent about half a year writing A Solitary Soul. When the novel was released, the publisher changed its title to “The Awakening”.When the novel started, Edna Pontellier, a twenty-eight-year-old mother of two sons, was taking a vacation at Grand Isle. Her husband, Léonce Pontellier was a successful Creole businessman. They settled in New Orleans after wedding, spending six years together. At first Edna was satisfied with her marriage. But she felt uneasy more or less in Creole culture. Edna gradually got acquainted with other tourists, such as Adéle Ratignolle, Madame Reisz and Robert Lebrun. Adele and Reisz both played the role of leaders, guiding Edna to maturity. Robert, a twenty-six-old Creole man, who accompanied Edna all day, taught her to swim and finally initiated her sexual awakening. When Edna returned to New Orleans, her inner world had undergone a subtle change. But Léonce was not sensitive enough to observe his wife’s feelings, always busy with work. Robert unexpectedly left for Mexico to make a fortune. In Robert’s absence, Edna abandoned her responsibility of a housewife, cancelling the reception day and hanging out all day. Edna’s irresponsibility angered Léonce, leading to frequent quarrels. While waiting for Robert, Edna immersed herself in painting. Later Léonce went New York on business, leaving her alone. During this period, Edna had a love affair with the notorious Alcée Arobin. She moved to a pigeon house in order to pursue freedom and independence. She still suffered from the love for Robert. When Robert came back in surprise, Edna couldn’t help but express her deep love to him. Confronted with Robert’s incomprehension, Edna finally committed suicide in despair.With the publication of The Awakening, Chopin faced the harshest reviews from the American literature, which marked the disastrous decline in her writing career. Since then she wrote a little as most of her works were rejected by publishers. In 1904, she suffered a stroke and soon died on August 22.2.Review of Existing Studies on The AwakeningOne hundred and twenty years had passed since the first publication of The Awakening. This novel met an initial negative criticism, and then was nearly forgotten for about half a century but ultimately achieved the canonical status in American literature. On the basis of “Gender and Literary Valorization: The Awakening of a Canonical Novel,” the critical reception of The Awakening could be divided into three stages: “initial reception in 1899, liminal status in 1950-79, and canonical status in 1980.” (Corse and Westervelt 141)During the first period, literary reviews mainly focused on the previous years after The Awakening’s publication. Unfavorable opinions occupied the vast majority concerning the overall judgements and the morality of this novel.The Awakening was regard as a “sex fiction” or “morbid book” which didn’t deserve “admiration or sympathy” from readers because this story didn’t teach them to be moral and ethical. The initial comments about Edna’s character were mostly negative. “The unfavorable judgments of Edna focused on two related but distinct aspects of her character: her immorality and her selfishness.” (Corse and Westervelt 145) Many comments considered Edna’s awakening as “bad love” or “passion,” and “tragedy.” On the contrary, C. L. Deyo, from a positive perspective, regarded the awakening as Edna’s discovery of an independent self.Although The Awakening was heatedly discussed in its first publication, it was soon drowned in the severe comments. The initial reviews mostly appeared in magazines and newspapers. On the entire fifty years, only eleven articles had been found when searching this topic from EBSCO databases. (Wan 797)The mid-20th century ushered in the wave of feminist movement. With the efforts of many feminists, The Awakening could be re-examined. In addition, French scholar Cyrille Arnavor made a great contribution to rediscover its artist accomplishment. It was until 1964, with an introduction by Kenneth Eble, The Awakening was reprinted in America. (Wan 800) Since the 1960s, with the development of the second feminism wave, American critics attached more importance to female literature. The Awakening was widely read by many critics and readers. Feminist critics tried to interpret it from various perspective such as formalism, psychoanalysis, linguistics, classical mythology, new historicism, deconstructivism, reader-response criticism.At the second stage, critics didn’t condemn this novel for “being erotic and immoral” any more. By contrast, a majority of them tried their efforts to explore its literary charm from different views. Compared with the first stage, the overall judgments for The Awakening were more favorable. Robert Cantwell once regarded it as “the finest novel of its sort written by an American.” Robert Arner praised the novel’s achievement of psychological realism. Most reviewers held favorable opinions for Edna’s awakening, which could be described as the discovery of the self and her sexuality. Donald A. Ringe thought Edna’s awakening was“the emergence of the self or soul into a new life” while Jules Chametzky thought her awakening was “a realization of her sensuous self.”During the second period, the number of papers on The Awakening dramatically increased. After thirty years’ discovery, the study of The Awakening became increasingly perfect, preparing well for its canonization.The 1980s witnessed the booming development for the study of The Awakening. “During this last period of valorization (1980-94), The Awakening did in fact achieve canonical status.” (Corse and Westervelt 155)In the canonical period,feminist interpretive strategies proved to be the dominant method of the novel. “The Awakening is a female fiction that both draws upon and revises fin de siécle hedonism to propose a feminist and matriarchal myth of Aphrodite/Venus as an alternative to the masculinist and patriarchal myth of Jesus.” (Gilbert 44) Some critics declared that there was a lesbian love in The Awakening. “One antipatriarchal theoretical stance demonstrated in The Awakening holds that love between women has been deliberately suppressed throughout history so as to uphold male power and privilege.” (LeBlanc 290) Some critics like Elizabeth Abel and Marianne Hirsh also attempted to interpret The Awakening from the perspective of Bildungsroman. In The Voyage in: Fictions of Female Development, they put forward two predominant narrative patterns of female initiation in fictions: the narrative pattern of apprenticeship and the narrative pattern of awakening. The Awakening presented the characteristics of novels of female initiation with the narrative pattern of awakening. In addition, different from the outward growth of males, the awakening process for Edna was defined as “a movement inward and backward.”Critics’ views always varied from each other. In “Chopin's Bildungsroman: Male Role Models in The Awakening,” Catherine Mainland focused on the five male roles—Edna’s sons, Victor, Arobin, and Dr. Mandelet, suggesting that they respectively present “the four stages of childhood, adolescence, young manhood, and maturity.” “The influence these characters have on Edna follows a chronological progression through the natural stages of development of man, as might be encountered in a traditional, masculine narrative.” (Mainland 75) Therefore, she argued that Edna’s awakening was progressive rather than repressive. Other critics tried to use different theories to interpret Edna’s initiation. From theperspective of rites of passage, Maria Anastasopoulou drew a conclusion that Edna failed because she didn’t possess “the courageous soul” that dared and defied.In the past years, western scholars attached importance to the details of The Awakening, putting forward diversified opinions. Some of them also cared about the protagonist’s initiation. Edna was not only the “new woman” in the eyes of feminists but also a “growing woman.”Despite The Awakening’s first publication in 1899, it spread to China late. A search of Kate Chopin in Wanfang Database turned out to be over six hundred articles. The earliest article on this novel that can be retrieved from CNKI (the digital library of Nanjing Normal University) was written in 1988 by Song Yuntian who translated the initial version of the novel. The initial reviews mostly focused on introducing the novel’s plots, writer, and reception in western world. Jin Li and Qin Yaqing analyzed several female characters from Chopin’s works such as The Awakening, Désirée’s Baby, A Respectable Woman, and The Storm, eulogizing their rebellion and fighting against the patriarchal society. In another article, they considered Edna as “American Eve” which represented the image of “new woman” in the 19th century.In the past ten years, Kate Chopin gradually became popular in China. The number of articles on her works increased year by year. A result of Wanfang Database indicated that The Awakening was the hottest topic for discussion, followed by The Story of an Hour. Among these articles, keywords that used most frequently were “awakening”, “feminism”, and “Edna”. “Self-consciousness”, “ecofeminism”, “marriage”, “patriarchy”, “writing style”, and “characterization” were also high frequency words.The interpretation of Edna’s awakening was widely discussed by Chinese critics. Through a comparison between two titles: “The Awakening” and “A Solitary Soul”, Ren Haiyan suggested that “Chopin's portrayal of the awakening of female consciousness is for the sake of presenting the awakening of subjectivity and human being's solitude.” (114) Some critics questioned whether Edna awakened. “On the contrary, all that she thinks and does is unrealistic, romantic, selfish and even absurd, for which her romantic notion of love and her ‘misreading’ of the then social reality and new ideo-logical movements account.” (Gan 516)Edna's death seemed to be mysterious for many scholars, which had become a bone of contention. Ye Ying believed that Edna’s suicide was inevitable, resulting from the combination of tradition and law that confined women. Li Yali, from the perspective of suicidal psychology, explored Edna’s complex psychology when her female consciousness was awakened. “Edna’s female underdeveloped female psychology leads to a false cognition of her self and blind-minded individuation—committing suicide. Her death warns woman to heed psychological problems during the process of self-fulfillment.” (Li 76) In “An Interpretation of Edna’s Tragedy in The Awakening in Terms of Balthazar’s Theological Aesthetic Concept, Gong Yubo and Ma Xinmo interpreted Edna’s death. “Kate Chopin’s aesthetic characteristics of literature exactly lie in her life devotion to the proposition of ‘life and death’ and connecting ‘life—death’ with aesthetics.” (Gong and Ma 124) For the past few years, Bildungsroman became one of popular research topics in China. Some critics tried to interpret The Awakening as a novel of initiation. Ma Yunxia and Pan Chun, by means of myth archetype analysis, analyzed the psychological growth process of Edna from the aspects of her spiritual awakening, sexual awakening and social awakening. They thought that Chopin traced Edna’s growth from a traditional housewife without self-consciousness to an independent individual. Sheng Sunzhong, based on the narrative pattern of awakening which was raised in The Voyage in: Fictions of Female Development, considered The Awakening as a female Bildungsroman. Through analyzing the dual personality of Edna Pontellier and the illusive nature of her dream, he pointed out that “Edna’s awakening after marriage not only enables her to acquire a spiritual development, but also makes her unable to confront the reality, thus causing her to stubbornly regress to her romantic dreams of passion, and finally brings about her death.” (Sun 159) After several decades’ research, The Awakening became well-known to many Chinese readers and critics. Compared with close reading of the text, Chinese critics preferred to apply various theories to analyze this novel. Not so many scholars considered The Awakening as a Bildungsroman. For those who did, they usually analyzed it from the traditional mode which was suitable from male protagonists. Only a few critics interpreted The Awakening to be a female Bildungsroman.3.Research Objective and Theory PerspectiveGrowth was not only a universal phenomenon in human life but also an important life experience for every individual. Since the advent of Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship, the ideological content had been more and more abundant in the works of generations of writers. Traditional Bildungsroman usually chose boys as their protagonists while female characters were neglected. With the maturation of Bildungsroman, several branches, like female Bildungsroman appeared. One of the significant differences between traditional Bildungsroman and female Bildungsroman lied in the narrative pattern.In The Voyage in: Fictions of Female Development, critics summarized two predominate narrative patterns: the narrative pattern of apprenticeship and the narrative pattern of awakening. The first one was essentially chronological. It “adapts the linear structure of the male Bildungsroman” in order to show “a continuous development from childhood to maturity.” (Abel et al. 11) The other prevailing one was the narrative pattern of awakening in which “development is delayed by inadequate education until adulthood, when it blossoms momentarily, then dissolves.” (Abel et al. 11)The narrative pattern of apprenticeship conformed to the convention of most male Bildungsroman, tracing a continuous development from “childhood conflicts to adult resolutions that provide some closure to the heroine’s apprenticeship.” Jane Eyre, The Mill on the Floss, and Children of Violence were the paradigms of this pattern.The narrative pattern of awakening was a distinctive feature of female Bildungsroman. In this pattern, female growth was usually discontinuous. Writers just chose some important moments to show the heroines’ growth rather than tracing every single stage of their whole life. The time frame for some women’s growth was rather short. “Development may be compressed into brief epiphanic moments. Since the significant changes are internal, flashes of recognition often replace the continuous unfolding of an action.” (Abel et al. 12) In this mode, adulthood didn’t mark the ending of growth. On the contrary, for most heroines, they began growing rapidly only after adulthood or marriage. Therefore, sometimes female development was fragmented and discontinuous, in novels such as The Awakening, The Voyage out, and The Summer Before the Dark.In the Awakening, Chopin didn’t trace Edna’s growth stage by stage as she had beenalready an adult at the beginning of the story. Her growth was mostly reflected by the psychological maturation rather than the physical change. The bewilderment, awakening, and epiphany that she experienced were accomplished in just one year. Such important fragments consisted of Edna’s growth. Based on the peculiar features of female Bildungsroman, it was significant to interpret The Awakening with the narrative pattern of awakening.Rituals had been an important part of anthropological research as it symbolized the transition of individuals or groups from one stage to another during the growth process. French anthropologist Arnold Van Gennep, on the basis of studying various national cultures in the world, put forward the famous “rites of passage” which comprised a tripartite structure: rites of separation, transition rites, and rites of incorporation. Rites of passage referred to those ceremonies held when an individual changed from one social status to another, such as rites of initiation, ceremonies of marriage, and funerals. From Gennep’s perspective, every individual was always synchronously or diachronically placed in multiple groups of its society. To transit from one group to another to integrate with other individuals, the individual must participate in various rituals from birth to death.Rites of separation described a passage out of the previous phase or social status. The separation from the previous life was usually achieved through a change of space, which was called “passage materiel.” For instance, Todas in India would hold a “leaving villages” ceremony for those women who were five months pregnant. They were placed in a special cottage out of the previous village because pregnant women were considered to be unclean and dangerous, forbidden to enter the village or other sacred places. They were isolated from the previous community to realize rites of separation. (Gennep 35)Transition rites, also called “rites of margin”, was the most important part of rites of passage. It meant an ambiguous time or space between fixed positions. During this period, the individual performed certain ceremonial acts to signify the preparation for the integration into the new state. Through marginal period, an individual or a group could move from a profane world to a sacred one, or from a sacred world to a profane one. In some places, marriage proved to be valid only after the first child was born. Pregnancy and childbirth constituted the final step of the marriage ceremony. For instance, in Bontoc-Igorrot, thePhilippines, girls would be permitted to marry after giving birth to a child. Therefore, the marginal period would last for a long time, ranging from the engagement to the first childbirth. (Gennep 39)Rites of incorporation referred to a re-entry into a new social position. The individuals had to return to daily life after a long marginal period. Through rites of incorporation, they could unite with the new world. In Congo, Ishogo confined those mothers who gave birth to twins to their own cottages until their children were six years old. Then, they would hold the rite of incorporation, painting the mother’s face and legs white, to welcome them back. After that ceremony, twins would be allowed to play all around the village. (Gennep 38) In social life, three parts of rites of passage were not always equally important. Rites of separation played a key role in funerals while rites of incorporation were of importance to marriage ceremonies. Transition rites were of great significance for ceremonies of initiation, ceremonies of engagement, and ceremonies of pregnancy. (Gennep 10) “For groups, as well as individuals, life itself means to separate and to be reunited, to change form and condition, to die and to be reborn. It is to act and to cease, to wait and rest, and then to begin acting again, but in a different way.” (Gennep 189) During the course of growth, individuals had to experience various ceremonies which enabled them to pass from one phase of life to another. The growth process underwent several phases with certain ceremonies. The typical pattern of Bildungsroman imitated the primitive rites of passage. It was significant to analyze an individual’s growth by using rites of passage.Edna Pontellier was finally awakened after a change of consciousness. “This awakening necessitates a passage from one position in life into another, and Kate Chopin hints at rites of passage at two crucial points in the novel.” (Anastasopoulou 19) On the one hand, Edna completed the passage from the stage of a submissive housewife to that of an independent woman. On the other hand, at the end of this novel, Edna committed suicide which indicated her failure to achieve the rite of incorporation. It was significant to study Edna’s growth pattern with Gennep’s theories. Based on the tripartite structure of rites of passage, Edna’s growth could be divided into three phases accordingly. Some special acts, such as swimming and moving to “pigeon house”, were considered as certain ceremonies to contribute Edna’s growth and maturation.。
“觉”而未“醒”：解读小说《觉醒》中的“觉醒”
[摘要]美国女作家凯特·肖邦于1899年创作的小说《觉醒》通过描述女主人公艾德娜·庞蒂利埃的几个层面的“觉醒”，努力塑造了一位要求个人自由、敢于表达实现自身价值的愿望、敢于表达女性自我意识的“新女性”。
然而，艾德娜的这些顿悟只能被看作是一种勇敢却痛苦的历程，远没有达到“醒”的目标。
在寻求女性独立人格的过程中，她的许多梦想一个个地破灭，让她认识到，作为一位女性，现实中许多事情都超越了自己能够掌握的界限，她永远都不可能成为她自己，最终迫使她彻底放弃自己的所求。
作为一个创作和思想观念均先于时代的“新女性作家”，凯特·肖邦错误地选择了《觉醒》创作主题的时机，她的关于女性主体意识的探究是她同时代的人们无法给出满意答案的，也是她自己无法获得答案的。
[关键词]凯特·肖邦；《觉醒》；觉醒；女性主体意识；局限性在美国19世纪下半叶，随着妇女解放运动的兴起，美国女性作家的女性意识空前高涨，这些新女性作家开始用自己的书写表达女性世界，女性主义文学作为一个重要的弱势话语对19世纪美国文学的多元化发展产生了深远的影响。
这其中，女作家凯特·肖邦(Kate Chopin)表现尤为突出，特别是她的小说《觉醒》更是独树一帜。
《觉醒》出版之前，凯特·肖邦已经是一个受人拥戴、家喻户晓的“乡土文学”的代表作家，其创作的近百部作品曾在当时多家知名刊物上发表，对于一位女性作家来说，这在19世纪的美国文坛上是不多见的。
然而，凯特·肖邦的创作兴趣并没有囤于表现“地方特色”的框架，而是努力摆脱传统的束缚，另辟新径，试图在自己的作品中重塑女性形象，真实地再现她们的生活、感情、婚姻、梦想和奋争。
小说《觉醒》就是一个典型的例证。
在这部小说中，凯特·肖邦描写了一个已有6年多婚姻生活和两个孩子的28岁的少妇艾德娜·庞蒂利埃从一位传统的家庭主妇蜕变成关注自我精神生活的独立女性的几个层面的觉醒，尤其是其女性情欲意识的觉醒。
凯特肖邦觉醒读后感
凯特肖邦觉醒读后感篇一凯特肖邦觉醒读后感《觉醒》这本书，读完之后，我心里就像打翻了五味瓶，啥滋味都有。
也许在那个时代，艾德娜这样的女性想要追求自我就是一种“叛逆”吧。
她就像一只被困在笼子里太久的鸟，突然想要冲破牢笼，飞向广阔的天空。
可那天空，真的能让她自由翱翔吗？我觉得未必。
凯特肖邦把艾德娜描绘得太真实了，真实得让我有点儿害怕。
艾德娜内心的纠结、挣扎，那种对传统观念的反抗和对自由的渴望，难道不就是我们每个人在某些时刻的写照吗？有时候我就在想，要是我处在她的位置，我会怎么做？可能我也会像她一样迷茫，一样不知所措。
书中艾德娜为了追求自己的爱情和理想，不惜与整个社会的规则对抗。
这得需要多大的勇气啊！就像我们现在，想要打破一些既定的规则，去追求自己真正想要的东西，那压力可不是一般的大。
也许有人会说，艾德娜太自私了，只想着自己。
但难道追求自我就是自私吗？这可真是个让人头疼的问题。
艾德娜的觉醒之路充满了痛苦和挣扎，她就像在黑暗中摸索的人，不知道前方到底有没有光明。
这一路，她走得好艰难，我都为她捏了一把汗。
可最后她还是没能完全挣脱束缚，这结局，真让人感到无奈和悲哀。
了很多。
它让我明白，在追求自由和自我的道路上，从来都不是一帆风顺的，也许会有很多的阻碍和困难，但我们不能放弃，对吧？篇二凯特肖邦觉醒读后感读完《觉醒》，我整个人都不好了，心里堵得慌。
凯特肖邦这写的哪儿是小说啊，简直就是把现实生活中的纠结和痛苦一股脑儿全倒出来了！艾德娜这个女人，她到底是勇敢还是愚蠢？我一直在想这个问题。
你说她勇敢吧，她敢不顾世俗的眼光去追求自己想要的东西，可最后却把自己搞得遍体鳞伤。
你说她愚蠢吧，那她追求真爱的决心又让人佩服得不行。
这可真是个矛盾的家伙！我有时候就在琢磨，艾德娜的觉醒是不是有点太晚了？要是她早点儿明白自己想要什么，是不是结局就会不一样？也许吧，可谁知道呢！生活不就是这样，充满了不确定性，谁也没法预测未来会发生什么。
书里描写的那个社会，简直就是个大牢笼，把人死死地困住。
解读《觉醒》女主人公艾德娜的觉醒过程
二、艾德娜爱情观 的觉醒 艾德娜对性意识 的觉醒使她重新渴望真正 的爱情 ， 她 觉 得 自己有权 力去 爱她 所喜爱 的人 ，她不应 该再是丈 夫的财
产 ，而 是 属 于 自己 的 。她 对 罗 伯 特 说 ：“ 我 不 是 庞 德 里 埃 先 生 随 意 放 置 的一 件 所 有 物 。我 把 自己献 给 我 所 选 择 的 人 。 ” 然而 ， 艾德娜对这一天赋权力的觉醒和性行为表现是难 以成 为现实 的。１ ８ ５ ４ 发表的 《 已婚妇女与法律》一书记载 了已 婚妇女 已是法律 上不 自由人 的这一事实 ：“ 丈夫与妻子在法 律上是 一个人 ，妻子 失去所有 作为单身女人 的权 力。 ”她 的 身体 、带来的财产，都归属 于她丈夫 ，她无权不经过丈夫 同 意就去签署合 同等 。总之 ， 她 的一切都处于她丈夫 的监督之 下 ，她 没 有 自行 使 用 权 力 的 自由 。 尽管 以男性为 中心 的法律 、 道德是这样要求 的， 然 而由 于艾德娜 自我意识 的觉醒 ， 她认识 到她应该有 正当的天 赋权 力去爱、去恨 。她有理 由去追求这种权力 ，因为艾 德娜对 丈 夫的 “ 爱情 ”或是 “ 婚姻 ”纯属 偶然 ，是 出于青春错误的幻 想 ，在 实际的婚姻生活 中，她发现她不爱她丈夫 ，她的婚姻 缺 乏爱情基础 ，因此她有权 力去爱她所爱。艾德娜对 自我与 生命 的觉醒 使她 认识 到， 她不该死守 由于 自己年轻时的错误 也是 时代与社会 的错误所造 成的婚姻 牢笼。于是她 走 出了 家， 走 到 了 自己 的 空 间 ，去 接 触 认 识 自己 喜欢 的朋 友 ，去 爱 她所爱的人 ， 她把爱情献给 了罗伯特 。 这一行 为表 明艾德娜
解读 《 觉醒 》女主人公艾德娜的觉醒过程
矿产
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
_觉醒_中的悖论和异化解读_杨希燕
>才智/359 《觉醒》中的悖论和异化解读杨希燕 许静 长春工业大学摘要：充满悖论的美国女作家凯特·肖邦的小说《觉醒》描写了充满悖论的女主人公埃德娜在男性社会中的异化及异化后的困惑，表现出了美国中产阶级女性在男权社会追求独立自我和个性解放的艰难。
在异化了的社会意识形态的影响下，处于从属地位的女性在人格上，在生存方式上和言语行为上很难摆脱被异化的命运。
关键词：《觉醒》；悖论；异化；困惑引言充满悖论的美国女性作家凯特•肖邦发表《觉醒》这一她一生的代表作的时候，正值美国女权运动兴起的浪潮期。
《觉醒》从一问世就处于舆论的风口浪尖，被认为是道德上的“毒药”。
在这部作品里，凯特•肖邦运用细腻的写作手法，向读者展示了一位美国中产阶级女性异化的生活形态，她所处的困境以及内心的挣扎。
《觉醒》中我们可以看到肖邦思想上的悖论和她对男权社会中女性异化的解读。
一、充满矛盾的女作家——凯特·肖邦美国著名女作家凯特•肖邦于19世纪中期生于保守的美国南部。
早期的生长环境造就了她独立的性格，也为她独特的写作风格奠定了基础。
在她短短的13年写作生涯中，她给广大读者留下了100多篇包括长篇、短片和画作的作品。
早期，她的作品具有地方色彩，这和她在新奥尔良生活了9年，在克卢捷维尔镇度过的四年农村生活不无关系。
肖邦通过细腻的笔触，描写了率真质朴，风趣、豁达的当地居民真实的人生经历和情感生活以及他们对于生活的乐观追求。
因此，她也赢得了“地方色彩作家”的美誉，但是肖邦本人却对此称号不屑一顾。
她认为自己是在以自己的眼睛和笔独特地反映现实中的事物，而地方色彩恰恰局限了她的创作。
《觉醒》是体现肖邦双面性格的最佳作品。
在《觉醒》问世之初，它就被认为是“不健康的书”而遭到各界的抨击。
女主人公埃德娜敢于挑战当时的男权社会中对于女性角色的控制，大胆提出自己对于个性、自由和性的追求与实践，表达了作者对女性独立自由之路的探寻。
这样的女作家和作品在当时是绝对不能被社会接受的。
凯特·肖邦小说《觉醒》中埃德娜的觉醒过程分析
、
埃 德 娜 的 自我觉 醒过 程
,
3
埃德娜对 于 自治 的觉醒
。
《 觉醒 》 这 部 作 品 的 发 展 是 以埃 德娜 的觉醒 为 主 线 展开
埃 德娜 的觉醒 更 多 的 是 对 于 认 识 到 自 身 是 一 个 独立 人
的
作为一 个 年 轻漂 亮 的 妻子 与母 亲
。
她 的觉醒从 对 世俗 婚
其实 自 己 都 是 有 能 力完 成 的
生 活几 乎 所 有 方面 的 看 法
这 次的认 识 让她 改 变 了对 于
,
在 大海 的怀 抱 中
她渐渐 开始
。
结语
,
意 识 到 自 己 想 作为 一 个 体 存 在 于 这世 间的 愿 望 是 一 种 真正 属 于 她 自 己 的 生 活
,
她想 要 的
《 觉醒 》 发 表 在世 纪之 交
。
会 限 制 的反 叛 意 识 其实 一 直 存 在 她 内 心 深 处 件 事 情 让 埃德 娜 意 识 到
,
在埃德娜觉醒 的过 程 中
她 想 要 找 到 自我
,
拒 绝男权社
很 多在 以 前 看 来 不 可 能 的 事 情
。 。
会对 于女 性 的定义
立 自我 的新 身份
三
、
。
她更 希 望能 找 到 一 种方式让她 享 受 于 独
描述 了 女性 所面 对 的 身份挣
。
一 种可 以允 许 她 做 自 己 想
扎 所 带来 的挑 战
终 答案
,
。
肖邦 在 作 品 中埃 艾 德娜无法 找 到 问题 的最
,
做 的事 的生 活
位
艾琳娜的觉醒_寻找自我的过程_觉醒_中_觉醒_意义的分析
2010年第33期周刊规矩内作出切合人物环境戏情又合乎韵律的精美曲辞，绝非易事，比如第一本第三折中张生唱：“［么篇］我忽听、一声、猛惊，元来是扑刺刺宿鸟飞腾，颠巍巍花梢弄影，乱纷纷落红满径。
”第二本第四折中莺莺所唱：“……本宫、始终、不同。
又不是《清夜闻钟》，又不是《黄鹤醉翁》，又不是《泣麟》、《悲凤》。
”六字中三押韵，极不易制作，剧作者填写得既合韵律，又拟声写情，精美绝妙，确非大手笔不可。
明朝何良俊所写的《四友斋丛说》认为：“王实甫才情富丽，真词之雄。
”然哉斯言。
《西厢记》是中国古典戏曲乃至整个古典文学创作领域的一部杰作，深邃的思想内容和精妙的艺术风格使这部作品七百年来一直雄踞“一流”的宝座。
作品的艺术风格在很大程度上取决于作品的语言艺术。
《西厢记》的语言艺术是无与伦比的，它继承了唐诗宋词精美的语言艺术，吸取了这些古典诗词的精华，又吸收了当时民间生动活泼的口语，经过提炼加工，博取众长，从而形成自身华美秀丽的语言艺术特色。
所以《西厢记》的语言艺术既丰富多彩，又极有文采风华，两者完美结合，而且通俗、合律、自然流畅，代表了中国古典戏曲“文采派”语言艺术的最高成就。
参考文献：［1］王实甫撰.张燕瑾校注.西厢记.中国古典文学丛书.人民文学出版社，1997：7-8.下文引《西厢记》均见此书.［2］［宋］朱烹.观书有感.宋诗鉴赏辞典.上海辞书出版社，1987：1117.［3］［唐］李白.经乱离后天恩流夜郎忆旧游书怀赠江夏韦太灾培良宰.全唐诗，VOL170：1752.摘要：作为新一代女性自我意识觉醒的代表，凯特·肖邦在其著作《觉醒》中通过主人公艾琳娜的觉醒全过程的描述来展现作者对女性的身份、婚姻、家庭与自由等方面的思考。
艾琳娜觉醒的意义在于她对自我的寻求。
为了更好地理解“觉醒”的意义，本文从她觉醒的三个阶段进行探讨。
关键词：凯特·肖邦《觉醒》寻找自我一、引言凯特·肖邦（Kate Chopin ）是19世纪美国的南方女性作家。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
刻 画 的争取 自我 实现 的女性 形 象使 她 的创作思 想非
常 前卫 。 有人 称她 为 长久被 忽 视 的先 驱 ， 是把激 情 热
恋 作为 一个 正 当的主 题 ， 并严肃、 坦 诚地 写进小 说 的
和妇 女研 究 的教学 内容 ［ １ ］ ｌ 。
２ 父 权 文 化 与 女 性 意 识 的 矛 盾
凯 特 ・肖邦 生 于 １ ８ ５ ０年 ， 因幼 时丧 父 ， 她 受 到 的父 权 文化 影 响甚 微 ， 在母亲、 外 祖母 等 女 性 的熏 陶 下 ，
不但 熟知 礼教 还精 通英语 、 法语 ， 喜欢 文学 、 音乐 、 艺 术， 坎坷 的生 活经历 使她 对人 生 的体 悟更加 深刻 。 她 在 作 品中表 现 出来 的 女性 意识 、 反叛 精神 ， 以及 深度
《 觉醒》 中艾德娜从依 附到觉 醒的转变 与困惑
李 莉
长 治 学院 师范分 院外语 系， 山西 长 治， ０ ４ ６ ０ ０ ０
摘要 ： 在 对 女 性 主 义 作 家凯 特 ・肖邦 作 品 《 觉醒》 出版 后 的 反 映 进 行 扼 要 评 述 的 基 础 上 ， 对《 觉醒》 文 本 进 行 了较 深
被 自制 （ ｓ ｅ ｌ ｆ — ｃ ｏ ｎ ｔ ｒ ｏ １ ） 所支配 ， 却 顺 从 和 屈 服 于 他 人 的控制 ， ， ［ 引 。诚然 ， 在父 权文 化统 治下 的女性 被冠 以
允许的。 作 品刚 出版就 遭 到 了批 评 家 的严 厉抨 击 ， 并 被 列 为“ 精神 毒药 ” 。然而 ， 半个 世 纪之后 ， 随着女 性
想统治下， 生硬 地 将某 种 社会 规 范 下所 谓 的 女性 气
出激 情 的 。 而 凯特 ・肖邦 大 胆地 突破 了这 种神话 ， 对
婚姻、 家庭 、 爱 情 与 女性 欲 望 作 了忠实 地 表 达 ， 细腻
质 强 加于所 有 生物性 的女人 身上 ， 还把 这 种“ 女 性气
质” 的规范 看作 是理 所 当然的 ， 并 对女 性进 行身 心上
重 大意 义 。
关键词 ： 《 觉醒》 ； 艾德 娜 ； 顺从与 困惑； 女性意识 ； 女 性 解 放
中 图分 类号 ： Ｉ １ ０ ６ ． ４ 文献标识码 ： Ａ 文章编号 ： １ ６ ７ ３ —２ ０ ０ ６ （ ２ ０ １ ５ ） ０ ５ － － ＝ Ｏ Ｏ ５ ３ 一Ｏ ４
学 意义 上成 功 的小说 ［ ２ ］ 。１ ９ ７ ２年这 部长 篇小 说作 为
“ 红皮 书小 说 ” 在妇 女 杂志上 再 版 ； １ ９ ８ １年 成 为诺 顿
评 论 集 的 收 录作 品 ， 并 被 引进 大 学课 程 ； 到 ２ Ｏ世 纪
９ Ｏ年 代 为止 ， 《 觉醒》 一 度成 为很 多 国家对 美 国文学
唯 物辩证 法认 为 矛盾具有 普遍 性和 特殊性 。矛 盾 的普 遍 性 是 指 矛 盾 存 在 于一 切 事 物 的发 展 过 程
美 国首 位女 性作 家 。在不 用道 德标 准来 衡量 而是 客
观 反 映 女性 欲 望 、 离婚 和 妇 女 对存 在 的真 实性 诉 求
方面 ， 她是 先锋 ［ １ ］ １ Ｈ 。 《 觉醒 》 一 书 出版 于 １ ８ ９ ９年 ， 正值 “ 道德 至上 ” 的 维 多 利亚 时代 。“ 性” 这 种神 秘 的力量 尚未 被人们 彻
底地 认识 ， 妇 女是 没有性 自主权 的 ， 也是不 允许 表现
中， 每 一事 物 的发展 过 程 中 自始至 终 存 在着 矛 盾 运 动［ ３ ］ ３ 。 就像 西蒙娜 ・ 德・ 波 伏娃 的经典 名 言 ： “ 女 人
不 是 天 生就 是 女 人 ， 而 是社 会 的 产物 。 ， ， ［ ４ ］ 父 权 制 思
中体现 出妇 女 的社会 处 境 及 被 压 抑 的 内心 ， 倡 导 女
性 自我意 识 ， 这在 当时 的 父 权 文化 体 制下 是 绝 对 不
的压 迫 ［ ５ ］ 。 英 国著 名经 济学家 米勒 也在 １ ８ ６ ９ 年 发表 的《 女 性 的附庸 地位 》 《 Ｔ ｈ ｅ Ｓ ｕ ｂ ｊ ｅ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ｏ ｆ Ｗｏ ｍｅ ｎ ） ） 中 提到“ 所 有女 性 都是从 不 同于男 性 的个 人观 念 的 早 期 信 仰 中教 养 大 的 ， 她们 缺 乏 自我 意 志 （ ｓ ｅ ｌ ｆ — ｗｉ ｌ １ ） ，
１ 关于《 觉醒 》
《 觉醒 》 素有 美 国《 包法 利 夫人 》 之 美誉 。女作 者
衰” 的名 篇之一 ， 作 者 由此也 为美 国文学开辟 了新 的 领域 。因作者 敢于 藐视 父权 ， 反 抗传 统 ， 敢 于在 文学 中坦 然 表 达 女 性 欲 望 和妇 女 对 独 立 自由人 格 的 向 往， 《 觉醒 》 遂成 为第 一 部 由美 国女 性 作 家完 成 的美
入 的 解 读 。基 于 矛 盾 普 遍 性 和 特 殊 性 辩 证 关 系 ， 分 析 了《 觉醒》 中女 主 人 公 在 “ 女 性气质” 规 范 影 响 下表 现 出顺 从 和 忠 实的 性 格 特 点 ， 以及 在 传 统 父 权 文 化 阴影 下 表 现 出挑 战 精 神 的 原 因 。 由艾 德 娜 新 女性 意 识 产 生 和 困惑 的 分 析 中 可知 ： 女 性 意 识 的产 生 和 发 展 具 有 长期 性 ， 女 性 意识 的 不 断 增 强 对 各 国女 性 身 心 解 放 乃 至 促 进 社 会 平 等 和 谐 具 有
宿
州 学
院 学
报
ＶｏＩ ． ３ Ｏ， ＮＯ． ５
Ｍ ａ ｙ．２０１５
Ｊ ｏ ｕ ｒ ｎａ ｌ ｏ ｆ Ｓ ｕ ｚ ｈ ｏ ｕ Ｕｎｉ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｓ ｉ ｔ ｙ
ｄ ｏ ｉ ： １ ０ ． ３ ９ ６ ９ ／ ｊ ． ｉ ｓ ｓ ｎ ． １ ６ ７ ３ —２ ０ ０ ６ ． ２ ０ １ ５ ． ０ ５ ． ０ １ ５
一次偶然的海滨度假让艾德娜结识了年轻浪漫的梦中情人劳伯特在与劳伯特的相处中艾德娜第一次真正感受到了默契与爱情那微妙的关系第一次感悟到个人与宇宙女性自身与父权制世界之间的关系这也让她重新审视自己毫无激情的婚姻生活生命的真谛她决心要改变自己成为身心独立自由决定自己喜好的女子
第 ３ ０卷 第 ５期 ２ ０ １ ５年 ５月