(完整版)定语从句之关系代词用法及专项练习

定语从句一

(关系代词的用法)

一. 定语从句概念

1. 定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。

3. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。

关系词有关系________ : 有______, _______ , ______, _______, _________, _______等；

关系________ : 有______, _______, ______等。

关系词常有3个作用：

①引导定语从句。②代替先行词。③在定语从句中充当一个成分。

限制性定语从句举例：

(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.

(2) China is a country which has a long history.

非限制性定语从句举例：

(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.

(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。（他还有其他的哥哥）

(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）

二.引导定语从句的关系代词

1. who指______，在从句中充当_________

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

(3) In the meeting I saw Mr. Smith who I met in my birthday party.

2. whom指_______，在定语从句中充当_______，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3. which 指______，在定语从句中做______或者_______，做_______时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that指人时，相当于______或者_______；指物时，相当于_______。在定语从句中做______或者_______，做_______时可省略。

(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做________

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

= The classroom, the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

= The classroom, of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.

【详细讲解】

Ⅰ. 关系代词that和which的用法

(一) 限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况:

1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时

(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?

(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.

(3) All that can be done has been done.

(4) There is little that I can do for you.

2. 当先行词被序数词修饰

(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.

3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1) This is the best film that I have seen.

4. 当形容词被the very, the only, just修饰时

(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,

(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.

5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时