第三讲 催化裂化装置

part of the expansion 扩充部分 dry gas ，liquefied petroleum gas desulfurization unit 干气、液化气脱硫单元 gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas sweetening unit 汽油、液化气脱硫醇单元 three-machine units 三机单元
Secondary Processing of Crude Oil
原油的二次加工
Section 1 Catalytic cracking Device 催ytic cracking is the most important secondary process in the oil refining industry and one of the most important means of heavy oil modification. It has become one of the core processes of petroleum refining, occupying an extremely important position in the oil refining industry.
回炼油返回反应-再生系统进行回炼。油浆从塔底抽出，经油浆蒸汽发 生器换热降温后，一部分回分馏塔参加循环，另一部分返回反应-再生 系统回炼或留作装置自用燃料。
Reaction-regeneration system
Fractionation unit cyclone separator
反应再生系统
Regenerated energy settler flue gas recovery unit
regenerator
riser reactor
Catalyst storage tank
富气和粗汽油自塔顶出来，经冷却后进入油气分离器，使气体和汽油 分开，富气从分离器顶部出来，粗汽油从底部出来去吸收稳定系统。 轻、重柴油经汽提、换热或冷却后送出装置。
Fractionation system
分馏系统
The recycle oil is returned to the reaction-regeneration system to refine. The slurry oil from the bottom of tower exchanges heat and gets cooling though the slurry oil steam generator, part of which goes to fractionation tower to participate in the cycle while the rest comes back to reaction-regeneration system to refine or be reserved for the device for personal use fuel.
催化裂化是炼油工业中最重要的二次加工工艺，是 重油改质的重要手段之一，已成为当今石油炼制的 核心工艺之一，在炼油工业中占有极其重要的地位。
The catalytic cracking process
催化裂化过程
The catalytic cracking process is the process that, in the condition of atmospheric pressure and 450 ° C ~ 510 ° C, with the effect of the acid catalyst, using heavy distillate oil or residual oil such as vacuum distillate oil and coker gas oil as raw materials, cracks and transforms into gas, liquid products (gasoline, diesel oil, heavy diesel oil, slurry oil) and coke. 催化裂化过程是以减压馏分油、焦化 蜡油等重质馏分油或渣油为原料，在常 压和450℃~510℃条件下，在酸性催化剂 的作用下，发生裂解，转化生成气体、 液体产物(汽油、柴油、重柴油、油浆 ) 和焦炭的过程。
由沉降器来的高温反应油气携带着少量催化剂进入分馏塔 下部，在分馏塔内被分割成富气、粗汽油、轻柴油、重柴 油、回炼油和油浆等馏分。
Fractionation system
分馏系统
Rich gas and crude gasoline comes from the top of the tower, enters into the oil and gas separator after cooling to separate the gas and gasoline. And rich gas comes out from the top of separator while crude gasoline comes out from the bottom to absorb and stabilize system. After steam stripping, heat transferring and cooling, the light and heavy diesel oil is sent out the device.
Indicators to evaluate the raw materials of catalytic cracking 评价催化裂化的指标
distillate composition 馏分组成 characteristics factor 特性因数 relative density 相对密度 aniline point 苯胺点 carbon residue 残碳 sulfur content 含硫量 Nitrogen 含氮量 metal content 金属含量
The catalytic cracking process 催化裂化工艺
The catalytic cracking process consists of three parts：raw oil catalytic cracking, catalytic regeneration and product separation. After distillation, the products of catalytic cracking can produce gas, gasoline, diesel fuel and heavy distillate oil while some recycle oil is returned to the reactor to be further processed. Changes of catalytic cracking operating conditions or fluctuations of raw materials will lead to fluctuations in product composition.
落入沉降器下部，经待生斜管
进入再生器用空气烧焦，催化 剂恢复活性后再进入提升管参 加反应，形成循环。再生器顶 部烟气进入能量回收单元。
Fractionation system
分馏系统
The high temperature reaction oil and gas from precipitator carry a small amount of catalyst into the bottom of the fractionating tower in which it is divided into rich gas, crude gasoline, light diesel oil, heavy diesel oil, recycle oil and slurry oil, etc.
催化裂化工艺由三部分组成：原料油催化裂化、催化剂再生、产物分 离。催化裂化所得产物经分馏后可得到气体、汽油、柴油和重质馏分 油，部分回炼油则返回反应器继续加工。催化裂化操作条件的改变或 原料波动，会导致产品组成波动。
The Device Component Units 装置组成单元
The reaction-regeneration system 反应-再生系统 The fractionation system分馏系统 The absorption stabilization system吸收稳定系统 The energy recovery system能量回收系统
新鲜原料油经预热后与回炼油混合，由原料油喷嘴以雾化状 态喷入提升管反应器下部，在提升管中与再生热催化剂接触 并立即汽化，油气、雾化蒸汽及预提升蒸汽携带催化剂沿提 升管高线速上升并完成裂化反应，然后经快速分离器进入沉 降器的沉降段。
Reaction-regeneration system
反应再生系统
The creating gas, gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas, diesel and other distillate and unreacted components carrying a small amount of catalyst by two-stage cyclone separator leave the settlement into the fractionation unit. Isolated spent catalyst storing coke fall into the lower part of the precipitator, enter into regenerator though spent inclined tube to burn in air, then go into the riser after recovering activity to participate in the reaction and form a cycle. The gas in the top of regenerator enters into the energy recovery unit. 反应生成的气体、汽油、液化 气、柴油等馏分与未反应的组 分携带少量催化剂经两级旋风 分离器分出夹带的催化剂后离 开沉降器进入分馏单元。被分 离出的积有焦炭的待生催化剂