高考英语 阅读理解 培优练习(含答案)含详细答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Camper Lunch Program

We are pleased to offer the Camper Lunch Program for full-day campers or campers participating in both morning and afternoon half-day camps.

Lunch at the Overlake School

At the Overlake School in Redmond, you can sign up for lunch at the time of registration. Lunch is provided by the school cafeteria including a hot main dish and a salad bar option. Limited diet restrictions can be accommodated in advance. All orders or cancellations must be made by 4:00 pm on Wednesday.

$ 40 for 5-day camp week

$ 32 for 4-day camp week

Lunch at View Seattle

Two weeks before your camp start date, you will receive a link in your confirmation email to choose your preference between the regular and vegetarian(素的)lunch menus. Besides, camper with allergies or sensitivities are encouraged to bring their own lunch.

$ 40 for 5-day camp week

$ 38 for 4-day camp week

Lunch at St. Thomas School

At St. Thomas School, lunch and snacks are provided by SAGE Dining. Lunch includes a hot main dish, a salad bar and sandwich options. Campers also receive two snacks per day.

$ 50 for 5-day camp week

$45 for 4-day camp week

Lunch at Pacific Science Center

At Pacific Science Center, you can sign up at the time of registration. Lunch is provided by our very own Pacific Science Center Cafe. Every day, standard and vegetarian lunch menus are available and come with a water bottle and two snacks. All orders or cancellations must be made by 4:00 pm on Wednesday.

$ 45 for 5-day camp week

$ 36 for 4-day camp week

（1）Which program can a camper with a budget of $ 35 choose?

A.Lunch at the Overlake School.

B.Lunch at View Seattle.

C.Lunch at St. Thomas School.

D.Lunch at Pacific Science Center.

（2）What are campers for Lunch at View Seattle required to do?

A.Stay far away from anything with allergies.

B.Choose their lunch preferences in advance.

C.Avoid bringing their own lunch for any reason.

D.Send emails to offer advice on improving lunch.

（3）What do the last two programs have in common?

A.They receive registrations only on Wednesday.

B.They encourage campers to bring some snacks.

C.They are mainly intended for vegetarian campers.

D.They provide campers with two snacks each day.

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，向露营者介绍了一些午餐项目的相关信息。

（1）考查细节理解。对比四个项目的价格可知,预算是35美元的露营者只能选择Lunch at the Overlake School这个项目。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据 Lunch at ViewSeattle 部分中的“Two weeks before your camp start date, you will receive a link in your confirmation email to choose your preference between the regular and vegetarian(素的) lunchmenus. ”可知，Lunch at View Seattle 这个项目的露营者需要提前选择自己的午餐偏好。故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Lunch at St. Thomas School部分中的“Campers also receive two snacks per day. ”和Lunch at Pacific Science Center部分中的“Every day，standard and vegetarian lunch menus are available and come with a water bottle and two snacks. ”可知，两个项目的共同之处是它们每天给露营者提供两顿零食。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

NASA has a new job listing, and it's no joke. The US space agency is looking for a "joker" to join their planned mission to Mars.

A mission to Mars is no laughing matter. On average, the red planet is 140 million miles (225 million kilometers) away from Earth. A trip there would take around eight months in a small spacecraft. And Mars has a communications delay of 20 minutes. This means that astronauts will have to wait 20 minutes for a reply, when an emergency happens.

"When you're living with others in a confined space for a long period of time, such as on a mission to Mars, problems are likely to occur," Jeffrey Johnson, a scientist at the University of Florida, told The Guardian.

This is probably why NASA wants an astronaut with a sense of humor. "These are people that have the ability to pull everyone together," Johnson said.

In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress. Then we can focus on our jobs instead of just worrying.

There are other examples of team "clowns". One example is the journey to the South Pole led by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen. It was a difficult journey full of danger. Adolf Lindstrom, a cook at Amundsen's team, was a "clown". He made people laugh through the whole journey. Amundsen later wrote that Lindstrom was the most valuable member of the team.

But if you're hoping that your favorite TV comedian will fly to Mars, that probably won't happen.

"Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job," Johnson said. "They also need to be an excellent engineer."

Besides, they must be in top physical condition.

（1）What is NASA's new job listing?

A. A funny engineer.

B. A talented clown.

C. A good cook.

D. A popular comedian.（2）What does "a confined space" in Paragraph 3 refer to?

A. a full space

B. an empty space

C. an open space

D. a small space.（3）How does the author think humor can help astronauts?

A. It can stop them from feeling bored.

B. It can promote teamwork on a mission.

C. It can make them feel less homesick.

D. It can help them know themselves better.

（4）What's the author's purpose of giving the example of the cook?

A. To tell us that what explorers eat on their journey is very important.

B. To prove that an amateur can play a more important role than a professional.

C. To make the point that humorous people can cheer people up in difficult situations.

D. To reveal that a mission to Mars is more difficult than a journey to the South Pole.

【答案】（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，由美国宇航局寻找一位幽默的工程师来和宇航员一起执行航天任务介绍了幽默对宇航员的重要作用。

（1）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“‘Being funny won't be enough to land somebody the job,’ Johnson said. ‘They also need to be an excellent engineer.’”可知，美国宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程师，故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ such as on a mission to Mars, ”可知，与在地球上生活的宽广空间不同，在火星任务中，你需要和其他人一起在狭小的航天器内生活很长一段时间，由此可知画线词词义为“狭小的空间、有限的空间”，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“These are. peop le that have the ability to pull everyone together,”可知，幽默的人有能力把每个人都团结在一起，也就是说幽默能够促进宇航员在任务中的团队合作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“In stressful situations, perhaps humor is a way to know we aren't alone. By laughing together, we share our stress.”可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话又说有很多团队小丑的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况下振作起来，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

A recent study finds that the dirt on the ground is likely to worsen climate change. Researchers have shown that warmer temperatures are heating the soil, which is causing microbes (微生物) to become more active and release more of the soil's carbon into the atmosphere. These soil changes can potentially contribute to even higher temperatures.

Scientists studied device readings, soil measurements, plant growth details and satellite observations from around the world. Their work is the most complete study on the subject.

They found a sharp increase in carbon released into the atmosphere by bacteria and fungi (真菌) in soil from 1990 to 2014. Researchers explain that the carbon comes from the dead plants and leaves the microbes eat. As temperatures rise, the microbes eat more. And the more they eat, the more carbon can be made into carbon dioxide and released into the atmosphere.

This uncontrolled cycle speeds up and intensifies climate change. Overall, soil releases about nine times more carbon than human activities. But that is part of a natural cycle: the amount of carbon released into the air is about equal to the carbon oceans and plants take in.

However, carbon released from fossil fuel causes an imbalance. Burning coal, oil and natural gas puts more carbon into the atmosphere than nature can take in. The additional carbon heats the air and soil. And as the air and soil get hotter, the earth will release more carbon than it has been holding.

If something isn't done, we are really in trouble. Proper soil conservation can help keep more carbon in soil. Conservation methods include avoiding turning the soil, covering off-season crops and leaving crop deposits on the ground.

（1）Which word can best describe the scientists' research data?

A.Rich.

B.Rare.

C.Limited.

D.Difficult.

（2）What does the underlined word "intensifies" in Paragraph 4 mean?

A.Causes.

B.Demands.

C.Strengthens.

D.Shows.

（3）What mainly causes the soil's temperature to rise?

A.Active bacteria.

B.Human activities.

C.The overuses of soil.

D.The wastes of fossil fuels.

（4）What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A.Warmer soil and more carbon.

B.The soil and the environment.

C.The microbes and the temperatures.

D.Hotter air and warmer environment.

【答案】（1）A

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类燃烧燃料造成的土壤变化可能导致地球更高的温度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Scientists studied device readings, soil measurements, plant growth details and satellite observations from around the world. Their work is the most complete study on the subject.”科学家们研究了来自世界各地的设备读数、土壤测量、植物生长细节和卫星观测数据。他们的工作是对这一课题最全面的研究。故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“This uncontrolled cycle speeds up and intensifies climate change.”可知，and 为并列连词，即intensifies应与之前的speeds up 为同义词。speed up 意为“加速”，C项strengthen 意为“加强；增强”可为同义词。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“However, carbon released from fossil fuel causes an imbalance. Burning coal, oil and natural gas puts more carbon into the atmosphere than nature can take in. The additional carbon heats the air and soil. And as the air and soil get hotter, the earth will release more carbon than it has been holding”然而，化石燃料释放的碳造成了不平衡。燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气向大气中排放的碳超过了自然所能吸收的量。额外的碳使空气和土壤升温。随着空气和土壤变得越来越热，地球释放出的碳将超过它所承受的量。可知，人类的一系列燃烧燃料的行为是土壤温度上升的主要原因。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“soil changes can potentially contribute to even higher temperatures.”中间段落进行阐述分析原因和结果。末段提出了“Proper soil conservation can h elp keep more carbon in soil.”并提供了建议。因此标题关键词需有 soil, carbon等核心词。A 项Warmer soil and more carbon.符合分析。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

The age of adulthood is by definition arbitrary. If everyone matured at the same, fixed rate, it wouldn't be a human process. Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I'd say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I've got the county court judgment to prove it.

However, we broadly agree that there's a difference between a child and an adult, even if we might argue about the transition point. So the political theorist David Runciman's view that six-year-olds should be allowed to vote goes against any standard argument about the age of civic responsibility. Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything. So allowing them the vote—along with, unavoidably, seven-year-olds who are even sillier, if anything—is

quite an amusing proposal.

Runciman's argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life, which is currently twisted in favor of the old, who don't (he added) ever need to demonstrate mental capacity, even long after they've lost it.

The first part of his case is self-evident: pensions are protected while children's centers are closed, concepts such as sovereignty (最高权威) are prioritized over the far more urgent business of the future: climate change. Nostalgia (怀念) for a past the young wouldn't even recognize plays a central role, which is completely unfair.

Most of the arguments against giving six-year-olds a vote are that children would end up voting for something damaging and chaotic, if someone made unrealistic promises to them, which could never be realized. Well, it's not children's fault.

Having said that, children do tend towards the progressive, having a natural sense of justice (which kicks in at the age of six months, psychologists have shown, by creating scenes of great unfairness to babies, and making them cry) and an underdeveloped sense of self-interest. My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn't cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn't mind someone else not having.

On that particular day, when we were registered as voters, my kid was quite far to the left of me, but in the normal run of things, we're united, which brings us to the point of the problem: children obey you on almost nothing, but they do seem to believe in your politics until they're adolescent. So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes. And what can stop us having even more children, once there's so much enfranchisement (选举权) in it for us? Now, if parents could be trusted to use their influence wisely, and hammer into children the politics it will take to assure a better future, then I wouldn't necessarily have a problem with that, apart from, obviously, that culture is already wildly twisted towards parents, and I can imagine a few non-parents boiling with fierce anger. But that's not worth talking about anyway, because parents can't be trusted, otherwise we'd all already vote Green(绿党).

In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we're here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.

（1）The author refers to his age of adulthood to prove that ________.

A. certain rights are granted at different stages of life

B. there's a common standard for the age of adulthood

C. people mature at different rates in various aspects

D. a credit card is more difficult to get than the vote

（2）People reject David Runciman's proposal because ________.

A. they believe children are far from mature in many ways

B. they are uncertain whether children can assume responsibility

C. they know the age to get the vote is not to be questioned

D. they don't think a child can grow into adulthood earlier

（3）What is the base for David Runciman's argument?

A. Public ignorance of children's abilities.

B. Inequalities of opportunity.

C. A cultural preference for the old.

D. The imbalance in political life.

（4）The author talks about his kid to indicate that ________.

A. children are in favor of a just society and tend to be idealistic

B. children are innocent and don't want to be involved in politics

C. children are simple-minded and can fall for an adult's trick

D. children are good-natured and like to help people in need

（5）The author thinks allowing children the vote may lead to ________.

A. twisted culture

B. parents' objections

C. misuse of rights

D. unusual maturation （6）What is the main point of the passage?

A. There is a difference between adults and children.

B. Allowing children the vote is not altogether absurd.

C. The definition of adulthood is quite controversial.

D. Parents should introduce politics to their children.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

（4）A

（5）C

（6）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述了儿童成熟的速度是不同，所以作者认为允许儿童投票的提议并不完全是荒谬的，如果将对未来50年的英国政治生活产生影响，16岁的孩子应该被授予选举权。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Indeed, maturation happens at varying speeds across different categories within the same individual, so I'd say I was easily old enough to vote at 16, but nobody should have given me a credit card until I was 32, and I've got the county court judgment to prove it.”可知，作者以他的成熟年龄来证明人们在各个方面的成熟速度是不一样的。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Nobody would say that a six-year-old could be held criminally responsible, could be sent to war, could be capable of consent, could be given responsibility for anything.”没人说6岁的孩子会被追究刑事责任，会被送上战场，会有同意的能力，会被赋予任何责任。由此推断，人们拒绝David Runciman的提议是因为他们认为孩子在很多方面还不够成熟，不能被赋予相应的责任。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Runciman's argument is that this is the only way to rebalance political life”可知，Runciman论点的基础是，这是重新平衡政治生活的唯一途径，即政治生活的不平衡导致他提出这个提议。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据倒数第四段中的“My kid, when he was six, made quite a forceful case against private property, on the basis that, since everybody needed a house, they shouldn't

cost money, because nobody would want anyone else not to have one. Also, food should be free. It was a kind of pre-Marx communism, where you limit the coverage of the market to only those things that you wouldn't mind someone else not having.”可知，孩子反对私有财产，因为他们觉得每个人需要房子，他们不应该花钱买房，此外食物也应该是免费的，这是一种前马克思共产主义的想法，由此可推测孩子更加公平，更期待理想社会。故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。根据倒数第三段中的“So giving kids the vote is really just a way of giving parents extra votes.”可知，给孩子投票权其实只是给父母额外投票权的一种方式，由此推断作者认为给孩子投票权可能会导致投票权的滥用。故选C。

（6）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“In short: no, six-year-olds should not get the vote; but while we're here, if any votes come up in the near future, which will have an impact on the next five decades of British political life, alongside EU migrants, 16-year-olds certainly should be enfranchised.”可知，作者认为6岁的孩子不应该获得选举权，但是如果将来有任何会影响英国以及欧盟移民未来50年政治生活的投票出现话，16岁的孩子应该被赋予选举权，由此可知作者认为儿童被赋予选举权并不完全是荒谬的。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

It's no surprise to hear the honking of horns in New York. Whoever tries every day to get more than a few minutes of sleep in the morning in the city will tell you that he could do nothing about it! No one can deny honking of horns is just one of his most widely enjoyed pastimes.

But Andy, a Japanese website developer has had enough of it. Once, the 27-year-old man approached the open window to wait for the driver to finish honking, delivered a polite "excuse me" and then yelled "Ho-o-o-o-onk!", which means fierce anger in Japan. Then he threw three eggs from the window of his apartment on to a passing car honking loudly below when his patience was worn out. Instead of apologizing to him, the driver threatened to kill him angrily. So, nobly, Andy turned to non-violence. He started writing anti-honking haiku verses, a form of Japanese poetry, and submitted them to local newspapers:

Oh. forget Enron;

The problem around here is; All the damn honking (Enron: a major American company that recently caused a scandal because of corrupt(腐败) mismanagement)

"Then this kind of chain reaction started happening," Andy says. "All these other haiku started appearing unexpectedly" Andy's community is now covered in anti - honking poetry, written by all walks of life.

Patience slowly fades;

Residents store up their eggs; That day is coming soon.

It's understandable that Andy has set up a website — https://www.360docs.net/doc/ca9384325.html, — and now people from across the country send him news of their own anti - honking activities. It seems that poetry can change the world after all. Then, just recently, anti-anti- honking haiku started to appear, launched by locals who thought Andy should stop worrying about honking and start worrying

about starving children, or war in the Middle East instead. Andy has an answer for that. "Stop me if this is too ridiculous," he says, "but they talk about the violence in the Middle East like it's a force of nature, like it's beyond our control. But actually it's kind of like the honking - the violence is man -made. If we can figure out how to stop honking on the streets, I think we could learn some things that we could use on a large scale."

（1）What does the first paragraph intend to tell us about New Yorkers?

A. They enjoy listening to the honking of horns.

B. Their life has been affected by the honking noise.

C. They get accustomed to sleeping late in the morning.

D. They have formed a habit of honking while driving.

（2）What is Andy's final reaction to the frequent honking of horns?

A. Pretended to ignore it.

B. Screamed at the driver.

C. Acted in a peaceful way.

D. Complained to the government.

（3）According to the passage, most New Yorkers think Andy's response is______.

A. acceptable

B. pointless

C. sensitive

D. abnormal

（4）Facing the criticism of his anti-honking campaign, Andy notes that______.

A. if not handled well, honking will cause serious problems like starvation

B. fierce violence in the Middle East is more of an issue worthy of concern

C. violence in the world as well as honking on the street is under our control

D. finding the solution to anti - honking is as meaningful as that to starvation

【答案】（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了纽约的汽车喇叭声严重影响了人们的生活，一个日本人对此做出了很大的挣扎，从激烈对抗到写打油诗的非暴力反抗，以及纽约当地人对此的反映。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It's no surprise to hear the honking of horns in New York. Whoever tries every day to get more than a few minutes of sleep in the morning in the city will te ll you that he could do nothing about it! ”可知在纽约听到巨大的汽车喇叭声不足为奇，因为这些声音人们想多睡几分钟是不可能的，即汽车喇叭声影响了纽约人的日常生活。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“So, nobly, Andy turned to non-violence.”可知Andy最后采取了非暴力行为来反抗喇叭噪音。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It's understandable that Andy has set up a website — www. honku. org — and now people from across the country send him news of their own anti - honking activities.”可知Andy建立网站后全国各地的人都给他寄来反喇叭噪音行为的消息，故推测人们对Andy的行为是接受并且支持的。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If we can figure out how to stop honking on the street s, I think we could learn some things that we could use on a large scale. ”可知Andy认为如

果解决了喇叭噪音问题，就能把从中学到的东西应用到更大规格的事情上，故推测他认为解决喇叭噪音和解决饥荒一样重要。选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

It started during a yoga class. She felt a strange pull on her neck, a feeling completely foreign to her. Her friend suggested she rush to the emergency room. It turned out that she was having a heart attack.

She didn't share similar symptoms with someone who was likely to have a heart attack. She exercised, watched her plate and did not smoke. But on reviewing her medical history, I found that her cholesterol (胆固醇) level was sky-high. She had been prescribed a cholesterol-lowering statin (他汀) medication, but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about statins on the Internet. She was the victim of fake medical news.

While misinformation has been the object of great attention in politics, medical misinformation might lead to an increase in deaths. As is true with fake news in general, medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the Internet—and they have very real bad consequences.

False medical information can also lead to patients experiencing greater side effects through the "nocebo effect (反安慰剂效应) ". Sometimes patients benefit from an intervention (干预) simply because they believe they will—that's the placebo effect (安慰剂效应). The nocebo effect is the opposite. Patients can experience harmful effects because they anticipate them. This is very true of statins. In blinded trials, patients who get statins are no more likely to report feeling muscle aches than patients who get a placebo. Yet, in clinical practice, according to one study, almost a fifth of patients taking statins report side effects, leading many to discontinue the drugs. What else is on the fake news hit list? As always, vaccines (疫苗) . False concerns that the vaccine may cause side effects have greatly reduced coverage rates.

Cancer is another big target for pushers of medical misinformation—many of whom refuse alternative therapies. "Though most people think cancer tumors are bad, they're actually the way your body attempts to contain the harmful cells," one fake news story reads. It warns that prescription medications lead to the uncontrolled cell mutations (变异) .

Silicon Valley needs to face this problem. I am not a free-speech lawyer, but when human health is at risk, perhaps search engines, social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information. Meanwhile, journalists should do a better job of spreading accurate information.

（1）We can learn from Paragraph 2 that ________.

A. the woman paid little attention to her daily diets

B. the unhealthy lifestyle might lead to the woman's heart attack

C. the symptom of the heart attack was familiar to the woman

D. the woman didn't take the prescription due to fake medical news

（2）According to the passage, the placebo effect functions because patients ________.

A. neglect necessary treatment

B. discontinue the harmful drugs

C. believe the benefits of an intervention

D. suffer more side effects

（3）What does the author mean by claiming that "he is not a free-speech lawyer" in the last paragraph?

A. He is a lawyer very easy to speak to.

B. He is good at speaking because of his job.

C. He is available to give a speech on the law.

D. He is very cautious when speaking something

（4）The main purpose of the passage is to ________.

A. remind us to take medication as prescribed

B. warn us against fake medical news on the Internet

C. encourage journalists to report more positive news events

D. teach us how to distinguish fake medical news on the Internet

【答案】（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过举例来论证了网络谣言，尤其是关于药物的网络谣言有巨大的杀伤力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”...,but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about stains on the Internet."她从来没有拿过这个处方，因为她在网上看到关于他汀的可怕事情，可知，由于虚假的医疗信息，这名女子没有服用那个处方药。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Sometimes patients benefit from an intervention simply because they believe they will—that's the placebo effect.”有时患者从干预中获益仅仅是因为他们相信他们会——这就是安慰剂效应，可知，安慰剂效应的作用是因为患者相信干预的好处。故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“I am not a free-speech lawyer, but when human health is at risk,perhaps search engines, social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information.”我不是一个言论自由的律师，但当人类健康受到威胁时，或许搜索引擎、社交媒体平台和网站应该为推广或提供虚假信息负责，可知，他不赞成随口造谣、传谣的，同时他说话很谨慎。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“As is true with fake news in general, medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the Internet—and they have very real bad consequences.”就像假新闻一样，医学上的谎言在网络上传播得比真相还远，而且后果非常严重；以及文章中的例子可知，全文的主要目的是通过举例来论证了网络谣言，尤其是关于药物的网络谣言有巨大的杀伤力，来教我们如何辨别网上的假医疗新闻。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

British Museum Visitor Regulations

Opening hours

We open the Museum's galleries daily from 10：00 am until 17：30 pm. We keep selected galleries open until 20：30 pm on Fridays.

The Museum's Great Court is open from 9:00 am until 18:00 pm; except on Fridays when it remains open until 20:30 pm.

You may be asked by your staff to begin leaving up to ten minutes before closing time.

The Museum is closed 24-26 December and 1 January.

Admission

We warmly welcome you on your visit to the Museum. In the interests of the security of all of our visitors we require you follow these regulations.

Admission to the Museum is free, but we may charge for entry to some temporary exhibitions and events.

Food and drink

You aren't allowed to consume food and drink inside the Museum, except in places such as the restaurant and cafes or the forecourt. Families with children may use the Ford Centre for young visitors in the basement of the Museum's Great Court at weekends and during school holidays.

Animals

If you have a disability, you may be accompanied in the Museum by your guide, assistant or companion animal. You aren't allowed to bring animals into the Museum under any other circumstance.

Film, photography and audio recording

Except the place that are indicated by notices, you're permitted to use hand-held cameras (including mobile phones) with flash bulbs or flash units, and audio and film recording equipment not requiring a stand. You may use your photographs, film and audio recordings only for your own private and non-commercial purposes.

（1）When can visitors visit the Museum?

A. At 18:30 pm on weekends.

B. At 14:00 am on Christmas Day.

C. At 19:00 pm on Fridays.

D. At 11:00 am on New Year's Day.

（2）Who are the regulations mainly intended for?

A. The visitors.

B. The staff.

C. The parents.

D. The children.（3）What can visitors do in the Museum?

A. Eat and drink as they like.

B. Take along their pet dogs.

C. Record films for sale.

D. Take photos for personal purpose.

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了大英博物馆的游客守则。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Opening hours部分中的“The Museum's Great Court is open from

9:00 am until 18:00 pm; excep t on Fridays when it remains open until 20:30 pm.”及“The Museum is closed 24-26 December and 1 January.”可知，大英博物馆从上午9点开放到下午18点，周五开放到晚上20:30，12月24日至26日圣诞节期间和1月1日新年是闭馆的，由此可知，你可以在星期五晚上19:00去参观，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。纵观全文，以及标题“British Museum Visitor Regulations”可知，本文介绍的是大英博物馆的游客守则，自然是针对游客的，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Film, photography and audio recording部分中的“You may use your photographs, film and audio recordings only for your own private and non-commercial purposes.”可知，大英博物馆里允许游客出于个人目的或非商业目的拍照，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

The term "smiling depression" —appearing happy to others while actually suffering depressive symptoms—has become increasingly popular. In fact, many people who experience a low mood and a loss of pleasure in activities manage to hide their condition in this way. And these people might be particularly easy to suicide.

While smiling depression is not a technical term that psychologists use，it is certain to be depressed and manage to successfully mask the symptoms. The closest technical term for this condition is "atypical depression: It can be very hard to spot people suffering depression because they may seem like they don't have a reason to be sad —they have a job, an apartment and maybe even children or a partner. They smile when you greet them and can carry pleasant conversations. In short, they often put on a mask to the outside world while leading seemingly normal and active lives. Inside, however, they often feel hopeless and down, sometimes even having thoughts about ending it all.

People with smiling depression put on a happy face to the outside world, but they can experience a lift in their mood as a result of positive occurrences in their lives. Other symptoms of this condition include overeating, feeling a sense of heaviness in the arms and legs and being easily hurt by criticism or rejection. They are also more likely to feel depressed in the evening and feel the need to sleep longer than usual. With other forms of depression, however, your mood might be worse in the morning and you might feel the need for less sleep than you are normally used to.

So how can they break this circle? A starting point needs to be known that this condition actually exists and that it's serious. Only when we stop ignoring our problems because we think they're not serious enough can we start making an actual difference. Then we can find purpose by taking the attention away from ourselves and placing it onto something else. Feeling that our lives matter is finally what gives us purpose and meaning —and this can make a significant difference for our mental health and well-being.

（1）What do we know about people suffering smiling depression?

A. They are wearing masks all day.

B. They are difficult to get along with.

C. They lead an abnormal life actually.

D. Most of them commit suicide.

（2）What does the underlined word "atypical" in paragraph 2 mean?

A. representative

B. common

C. hidden

D. formal

（3）Compared with smiling depression, people suffering other depressions .

A.may feel sleepless

B.feel more depressed in the evening

C.are tired of heaviness in the arms

D.may eat more food

（4）What can we do to overcome smiling depression?

A.Never talk about smiling depression and ignore its existence.

B.Admit the condition and pay attention to ourselves.

C.Value the importance of our life and enjoy it.

D.Find out the problem and place it onto somebody else.

【答案】（1）C

（2）C

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“微笑抑郁”这个名字的来历，相关的症状，以及克服这种抑郁症的方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“In short, they often put on a mask to the outside world while leading seemingly normal and active lives. Inside, however, they often feel hopeless and down, sometimes even having thoughts about ending it all.”可知有这种症状的人总是表现出正常的一面，而事实上他们的内心很失落和绝望，有时甚至想要结束生命。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“It can be very hard to spot people suffering depression because they may seem like they don't have a reason to be sad — they have a job, an apartment and maybe even children or a partner.”可知这种症状很难被发现，因为患者表面上过着正常的生活，故推测划线部分的意思事“难以发现的/隐藏的”。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“With other forms of depression, however, your mood might be worse in the morning and you might feel the need for less sleep than you are normally used to.”可知有其它抑郁症状的人会在早上感觉情绪低落，和平时相比睡觉更少。故选A。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Feeling that our lives matter is finally what gives us purpose and meaning —and this can make a significant difference for our mental health and well-being.”可知感觉我们的生活的重要性，这最终给了我们目标和意义ーー这对我们的心理健康和幸福感会产生重大影响。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测和两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Traveling Tips

No Smoking

Federal and State Government Regulations do not allow you to smoke on board express

coaches within Australia.

Luggage Allowance

As a fare paying customer you are entitled to take 2 pieces of personal luggage. Each must not exceed 75 cm in length, or weigh more than 20kg.

Excess luggage will be carried at the company's excess luggage rate and depending on space availability may be required to be carried on another coach.

Luggage Tips

1) Keep your valuables with you. Money, jewellery, valuable documents, credit cards, keys, medications should be retained by you and not on the coach at meal or transport stops.

2) Use sturdy, lockable luggage. Do not use plastic bags as these may split during the transit.

3) Make sure you identify your luggage with a name tag.

4) Backpacks—stow all items and do not leave mugs, shoes, towels hanging off your backpack as these can get caught in other luggage and cause damage.

Departure Times

The time shown on your ticket is the coach departure time. If you are boarding halfway and not at a travel centre or terminal you should be at the pick up point 15 minutes ahead of this time, so you can be comfortably on board by the time the coach is due to leave. If you are boarding at a travel centre or terminal, please arrive at least 20 minutes prior to the published departure time and remember to allow extra time at peak travel times.

Dress Requirements

As a courtesy, and so as not to offend fellow travelers, a reasonable standard of clothing and footwear is required.

（1）As a traveler, you can_____.

A.take the luggage 75 cm in length and 20kg in weight only

B.leave valuable belongings on coach when going for meals

C.identify your luggage by attaching a name tag to it

D.leave the mugs and shoes hanging off the backpack

（2）Among the following traveling tips, which one is true?

A.Smoking is strictly forbidden all over the places within Australia.

B.Plastic bags should be avoided in case of split during the transit.

C.15 minutes ahead of the departure time should be guaranteed.

D.Standards of dress requirements have been specifically listed.

【答案】（1）C

（2）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了旅行列出五个建议，并就每个建议进行了说明。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三个建议Luggage Tips中的“Make sure you identify your luggage with a name tag.”可知，确保你的行李上有姓名标签，也就是在行李上贴上姓名标签以识别你的行李，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三个建议 Luggage Tips中的“Do not use plastic bags as these may split during the transit.”可知，不要使用塑料袋，因为塑料袋可能会在运输过程中裂开，

所以在运输过程中避免使用塑料袋以防裂开。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇旅游类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Most adults find it hard to recall events from their first few years of life and now scientists have found exactly when these childhood memories fade(消失).

A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.

Most children by the age of eight or nine can only recall 35% of their experiences from under the age of three, according to the new findings.

The scientists behind the research say this is because at around this age the way we form memories begins to change. They say that before the age of seven children do not have a sense of time and place in their memories. In older children, however, the early events they can recall tend to be more adult-like in the way they are formed. Children also have a far faster rate of forgetting than adults. The findings also help to explain why children can often have clear memories of events but then forget them just a couple of years later.

The youngsters first visited the laboratory at the age of three and discussed six unique events from their past, such as family outings, trips to the zoo, and the first day of school. The children then returned for a second session between the ages of five and nine to discuss the same events. The researchers found that between the ages of five and seven, the amount of memories the children could recall remained between 63 -72 percent. However, the amount of information eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.

（1）What does the new study tell us?

A.Childhood memories decline with years.

B.Three-year-old kids are the cleverest.

C.Childhood memories can fade easily.

D.Some adults cannot recall past events.

（2）What does the underlined word "persist" in Paragraph 2 mean?

A.Change.

B.Remain.

C.Appear.

D.Return.

（3）What can we learn from Paragraph 4?

A.Adults cannot have clear memories of past events.

B.Children can think like adults when they get older.

C.Children under 7 years old have different ways of forming memories.

D.Children often forget things because they have no idea of time or place.

（4）In the second session, nine-year-old children _________.

A.refused to discuss the same events

B.remembered all their family outings

C.could recall 72 percent of their past events

D.only remembered a small part of their past events

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了记忆消失的一些知识。大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，但到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退。在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。在5到7岁之间，孩子们能回忆起的记忆量保持在63%到72%之间。然而，8至9岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段“A new study has found that most three-year-olds can recall a lot of what happened to them over a year earlier, and these memories persist while they are five and six, but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.”一项新的研究发现，大多数三岁的孩子都能回忆起一年前发生在他们身上的许多事情，这些记忆在他们五岁和六岁时仍然存在，但当他们超过七岁时，这些记忆迅速衰退。可知新研究告诉了我们童年时的记忆随年龄而衰退。故选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“but by the time they are over seven, these memories decline(衰退) rapidly.”到七岁以上时，这些记忆会迅速衰退，可知这些记忆在五岁和六岁时依然存在，故划线单词persist的意思是：存在，保留。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“They say that before the age of seven children do not have a sense of time and place in their m emories.”他们说在七岁之前，孩子们在记忆中没有时间感和位置感。可知孩子们经常忘记事情，因为他们没有时间感位置感，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ However, the amount of information eight-to nine-year-old children could recall dropped to 35 and 36 percent.”然而，8至9岁儿童能够回忆起的信息量下降到35%和36%。可知在第二阶段，九岁的孩子只记得他们过去的一小部分事情。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

At the age of seven, while his friends were spending pocket money on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo was busy saving money for more essential purchases. To try to get his peers to do the same, the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with the innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence—while also helping the environment.

Established in 2012, the Bartselana Student Bank is the world's first bank for kids. To open an account, kids have to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste (paper or plastic) and establish a

savings goal. Once accepted, all bank "partners" are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.

The waste collected is sold to local recycling companies, who, thanks to Jose, pay a higher-than-market rate for everything brought in by Bartselana Student Bank members. The funds received are placed in the individual's account until his/her savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw his/her money, or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger target. "At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy," Jose recalls. "They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily. I had the support of the school principal."

By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers. They are designed to teach the over 3,000 members both finance and environmental management. On December 6, 2018, in response to the growing demand, Bartselana Student Bank began accepting applications from kids all across Peru.

As the teenager says, "Together we can change the world. We just need an opportunity."

（1）What is the purpose of the eco-bank?

A. To involve kids in the management of the local recycling companies.

B. To help kids get pocket money to spend on things like candy and toys.

C. To show kids how important it is to learn environmental management.

D. To get kids to help the environment and be economically independent.

（2）What duty does an eco-bank member have to perform?

A. Attending financial education workshops.

B. Bringing in 5 kilos of waste.

C. Saving one kilo of solid waste weekly.

D. Establishing a savings goal.

（3）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. Kids are more responsible when growing up.

B. The future of the country relies mainly on kids.

C. Kids can contribute to the society though young.

D. The present is a vital period for kid development.

（4）Which of the following words can best describe Jose?

A. Generous.

B. Crazy.

C. Flexible.

D. Influential.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，巴塞拉纳学生银行成立于2012年，是世界上第一家儿童银行。为了开户，孩子们必须携带至少5公斤的固体废物(纸或塑料)，并设定一个储蓄目标。回收的垃圾被卖给当地的回收公司，多亏了Jose，这些公司为巴塞拉纳学生银行成员带来的所有东西支付高于市场的价格。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“the youngster from Arequipa, Peru came up with th e innovative idea of an eco-bank, which allows kids of all ages to gain economic independence—

while also helping the environment.”可知eco-bank的目的是让孩子们帮助环境和变得经济独立。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit(存储) at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and meet other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.”可知所有银行的“合作伙伴”必须每月至少额外存放一公斤可回收物品，并满足其他要求，例如参加金融教育和环境管理研讨会。故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“By 2013, the bank had over 200 members who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, has ten educational centers.”可知到2013年，世界银行已有200多名成员，他们带来了一吨可回收垃圾。如今，生态银行已经得到了几个当地机构的支持，拥有十个教育中心。即可知生态银行是给社会带来了贡献的，即划线部分的意思是作为生态银行成员的孩子们虽然年轻，但是可以为社会做贡献。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“As the teenager says, ‘Together we can change the world. We just need an opportunity.’”可知Jose提到我们可以一起改变世界，我们只是需要一个机会。与上文因为Jose为生态银行成员带来的东西支付高于市场的价格，而使得银行成员有了增加，并得到了当地机构和教育中心的支持，可知Jose是“有影响力的”。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Artificial intelligence can predict when patients with a heart disorder will die, according to scientists.

The software learned to analyze blood tests and scans of beating hearts to spot signs that the organ was about to fail. The team, from the UK's Medical Research Council, said the technology could save lives by finding patients that need more aggressive treatment. The results were published in the Journal of Radiology.

According to the researchers, high blood pressure in the lungs damages part of the heart, and about a third of patients die within five years after being diagnosed. There are treatments: drugs, injections straight into the blood vessels, a lung transplant. But doctors need to have an idea of how long patients might have left, in order to pick the right treatment.

The software was given scans of 256 patients' hearts, and blood test results. When this data was combined with eight years of patient health records, the artificial intelligence predicted when patients would die.

The software could look about five years into the future. It correctly predicted those who would still be alive after one year about 80% of the time. The figure for doctors is 60%.

The team now want to test the software works in other patients in different hospitals before assessing whether it should be made widely available to doctors. The researchers also want to use the technology in other forms of heart failure, such as cardiomyopathy, to see who might

need a pacemaker or other forms of treatment.

Dr Mike Knapton, from the British Heart Foundation, said, "This exciting use of computer software in medical practice will help doctors in the future to make sure that patients are receiving the correct treatment before the condition deteriorates and leaves them needing a lung transplant. The next step is to test this technology in more hospitals with heart disease."

（1）What can artificial intelligence do according to the passage?

A. Predicting how long a person with heart disease can survive.

B. Helping doctors diagnose people with heart disease.

C. Obeying orders and reminding heart disease patients to take pills.

D. Producing medicine without side effects for heart disease patients.

（2）What can we know about the software from the passage?

A. It can make accurate long-term predictions.

B. It has not yet been widely put into use.

C. It can prevent high blood pressure in the lungs damaging part of the heart.

D. It can help doctors make sure that patients are receiving the correct treatment.

（3）The underlined word "deteriorates" in the last paragraph probably means "________."

A. continues

B. worsens

C. exists

D. improves

（4）The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to _________.

A. advertise

B. persuade

C. inform

D. entertain

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，科学家称，人工智能可以预测心脏病患者何时死亡，这项技术可以通过找到需要更积极治疗的病人来挽救生命。以及该软件对病人的预测方式和未来应用领域。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Artificial intelligence can predict when patients with a heart disorde r will die, according to scientists.”科学家称，人工智能可以预测心脏病患者何时会死亡。）可知人工智能可以预测心脏病患者能存活多久。故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“The team now want to test the software works in other patients in different hospitals before assessing whether it should be made widely available t o doctors.”该团队现在想要测试该软件在不同医院的其他病人身上是否有效，然后再评估是否应该让医生广泛使用。可知该软件尚未广泛使用。故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“leaves them needing a lung transplant”病人需要进行肺移植，可知电脑软件在医疗实践中的应用，将有助于医生在未来确保病人在病情恶化并需要肺移植之前得到正确的治疗。故划线单词意思为“恶化”。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Artificial intelligence can predict when patients with a heart disorder will die, according to scientists.”科学家称，人工智能可以预测心脏病患者何时会死亡。以及文章主要内容为说明人工智能可以预测心脏病患者能存活多久，这项技术可以通过找到需要更积极治疗的病人来挽救生命。可知作者写这篇文章的目的最有可能是提