.12大学英语四级考试介绍(cet4改革后最新版)
大学英语四级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷291(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷291(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on The Importance of Reliability. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：The Importance of Reliability As is depicted in the picture above, a teacher dressed in ancient clothes is teaching his student that reliability, a nation’s treasure, is what makes a man. From the picture we can see that reliability is a Chinese traditional virtue and should be treasured today. Reliability is the basic requirement of a man. No one is willing to have unreliable friends. The same is true of enterprises. If an enterprise isn’t reliable, it will lose more and more customers, no matter how excellent it claims to be in its advertisements. But nowadays there are some Chinese companies that exaggerate their products’quality and functions to attract customers. Eventually, Chinese people have completely lost confidence in some Chinese brands such as “Sanlu Milk Pow-der”and so on. Reliability is the basis on which friendship is built and an enterprise develops. It usually takes much time and effort to gain reliability, however, it can be gone overnight. So only by treasuring reliability can people maintain friendship, enterprises gain profit and a nation have a bright future.解析：首先描述图片的信息，其次阐述诚信在人们日常生活中的重要性，最后表明“我”对诚信的观点。
2010年12月全国大学英语四级考试(cet4)试题参考答案
Section A 11. A) The man should visit the museums. B) She can’t stand the hot weather. C) The beach resort is a good choice. D) She enjoys staying in Washington. 答案：D 解析：Woman 最后说到 I’ll be happy here no matter what the temperature. 这 表明了她待在这里很愉快，很享受待在华盛顿，故选 D。 12. A) Her new responsibilities in the company. B) What her job prospects are. C) What the customers’ feedback is. D) The director’s opinion of her work. 答案：D 解析：Woman 说到 but I wish the director would give me some feedback. 这 表明了她希望得到 director 的意见（即反馈），故选 D。
parents take care of almost everything concerned with their children, including study, work, marriage. Some parents believe that this is love, however, it is only to destroy children’s independence thoroughly.
第2 页
2010 年 12 月全国大学英语四级考试试题参考答案
2014年12月年大学英语四级(CET-4)考试真题(第二套)
2014年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a course that has impressed you most in college. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1.A)The man is not good at balancing his budget.B)She will go purchase the gift herself.C)The gift should not be too expensive.D)They are going to Jane^ house-warming party.2.A)He is quite willing to give the woman a hand.B)It takes patience to go through the statistics.C)He has prepared the statistics for the woman.D)The woman should take a course in statistics.3.A)Page 55 is missing from the woman’s scripts.B)They cannot begin their recording right away.C)The woman does not take the recording seriously.D)The man wants to make some changes in the scripts.4.A)The date of Carl’s wedding.C) A significant event in July.B)The birthday of Carl’s bride.D) Preparations for a wedding.5.A)The woman forgot to tell the man in advance.B)The man was absent from the weekly meeting.C)The woman was annoyed at the man’s excuse.D)The man was in charge of scheduling meetings.6.A)The woman is a marvelous cook. C) The man has to leave in half an hour.B)The woman has just bought an oven. D) The man cannot wait for his meal.7.A)How she can best help the man. C) What items sell well in the store.B)Where the man got the bad news. D) Whether the man can keep his job.8.A)The woman can sign up for a swimming class.B)He works in the physical education department.C)The woman has the potential to swim like a fish.D)He would like to teach the woman how to swim.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A) He teaches in a law school. C) He is a diplomat.B)He loves classical music. D) He is a wonderful lecturer.10. A) Went to see a play. C) Took some photos.B) Watched a soccer game. D) Attended a dance.11. A) She decided to get married in three years.B)Her mother objected to Eric’s flying lessons.C)She insisted that Eric pursue graduate studies.D)Her father said she could marry Eric right away.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Editor. C) Journalist.B)Teacher. D) Typist.13.A) The beautiful Amazon rainforests. C) Big changes in the Amazon valley.B) A new railway under construction. D) In a local evening paper.14.A) In news weeklies. C) In a local evening paper.B) In newspapers5 Sunday editions. D) In overseas editions of U. S. magazines.15.A) To be employed by a newspaper. C) To sell her articles to a news service.B) To become a professional writer. D) To get her life story published soon.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneSection ADirections :In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.than a few years.[I] In a survey of older workers who were laid off during the recession, just one in six had found another job, and half of that group had accepted pay cuts. 14% of the re-employed said the pay in their new job was less than half what they earned in their previous job. “I just say to myself：‘ Why me? What have I done to deserve this?’ ’’ said John Agati， 56，whose last full-time job, as a product developer, ended four years ago when his employer went out of business. That position paid $90,000, and his resume lists jobs at companies like American Express, Disney and USA Networks. Since being laid off, though, he has worked a series of part-time, low-wage, temporary positions, including selling shoes at Lord & Taylor and making sales calls for a car company.[J] The last few years have taken a toll not only on his family’s finances, but also on his feelings of self- worth. “You just get sad,” Mr. Agati said. “I see people getting up in the morning, going out to their careers and going home. I just wish I was doing that. Some people don’t like their jobs, or they have problems with their jobs, but at least they’re working. I just wish I was in their shoes.” He said he cannot afford to go back to school, as many younger people without jobs have done. Even if he could afford it, economists say it is unclear whether older workers like him benefit much from more education.[K] “It just doesn’t make sense to offer retraining for people 55 and older,” said Daniel Hamermesh, an economics professor. “Discrimination by age, long-term unemployment, and the fact that they’ve now at the end of the hiring queue just don’t make it sensible to invest in them.”[L] Many displaced older workers are taking this message to heart and leaving the labor force entirely. The share of older people applying for Social Security early rose quickly during the recession as people sought whatever income they could find. The penalty they will pay is permanent, as retirees who take benefits at age 62 will receive as much as 30% less in each months check for the rest of their lives than they would if they had waited until full retirement age (66 for those born after 1942).[M] Those not yet qualified for Social Security are increasingly applying for another, comparable kind of income support that often goes to people who expect never to work again：disability benefits. More than one in eight people in their late 50 s is now on some form of federal disability insurance program, according to Professor Mark Duggan at the University of Pennsylvania’s Wharton School.[N] The very oldest Americans, of course, were battered by some of the same ill winds that tormented (折磨）those now nearing retirement, but at least the most senior were cushioned by a more readily available social safety net. More important, in a statistical twist, they may have actually benefited from the financial crisis in the most fundamental way: longer lives.[O] Death rates for people over 65 have historically fallen during recessions, according to a November 2011 study by economists at the University of California, Davis. Why? The researchers argue that weak job markets push more workers into accepting relatively undesirable work at nursing homes, leading to better care for residents.46.Greater mobility puts younger people at an advantage in seeking new jobs.47.Many of the older workers laid off during the recession had to accept lower pay in their new jobs.48.Those who lose their jobs shortly before retirement age live a shorter-than-average life.49.Seniors at nursing homes could benefit from the weak job market.50.Age discrimination in employment makes it pointless retraining older workers.51.According to recent reports and data analyses, boomers suffer most from the weak economy.52.Unemployed boomers are at a disadvantage in job-hunting because employers tend to hire younger workers.53.People in their fifties and early sixties bear the heaviest family burdens.54.People who take benefits from Social Security before official retirement age will get much less for the restof their lives.55.Older workers5 choice of jobs can be limited because of disability.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more pedaling (骑车的) passengers on those shining blue Citi Bikes. But what about local bike shops? Is Citi Bike rolling up riders at their expense?At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales due to the bike-share program. “ It’s getting more people on the road,’’ he said. James Ryan, an employee at Danny’s Cycles in Gramercy also said Citi Bike is a good option for people to ease into biking in a city famed for its traffic jams and aggressive drivers. “They can try out a bike without committing to buying one,” he said.Rentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny’s Cycles. But for Frank’s Bike Shop, a small business on Grand St. , the bike-share program has been bad news. Owner Frank Arroyo said his rental business has decreased by 90% since Citi Bike was rolled out last month. Arroyo’s main rental customers are European tourists, who have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes.However, Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at his shop. People have used the bike- share and realized how great it is to bike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer for themselves,’’ he noted.Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. just north of Christopher St. , said initially he was concerned about bike-share, though, he admitted, “ I was happy to see people on bikes.”Farrell’s early concerns were echoed by Andrew Crooks, owner of NYC Velo, at 64 Second Ave. “It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult to implement,” Crooks said of Citi Bike. He said he worried about inexperienced riders’ lack of awareness of biking rules and strong negative reaction from non-cyclists. However, he said, ifs still too early to tell if his business has been impacted.While it’s possible bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks allowed that the idea is a positive step forward for New York City.56.What is the author’s chief concern about the increasing use of Citi Bikes in New York?A)How non-cyclists will respond to it.B)Whether local bike shops will suffer.C)Whether local bike businesses will oppose it.D)How the safety of bike riders can be ensured.57.What happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of the bike-share program?A) It found its bike sales unaffected.C) It saw its bike sales on the rise.B) It shifted its business to rentals.D) It rented more bikes to tourists.58.Why is the bike-share program bad news for Franks Bike Shop?A)It cannot meet the demand of the bike-share program.B)Its customers have been drawn away by Citi Bikes.C)Its bike prices have to be lowered again and again.D)It has to compete with the city’s bike rental shops.59.Why did Andrew Crooks think that the bike-share program would be difficult to execute?A)Inexperienced riders might break biking rules.B)Conflicts might arise among bike rental shops.C)Traffic conditions might worsen in the downtown area.D)There are not enough lanes to accommodate the bikes.60.What is the general attitude of local bike shops towards Citi Bike?A) Wait-and-see. B) Negative.C) Indifferent.D) Approving.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurable improvements in learning. Between 1980 and 2008, staff and teachers at US public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa’s recent book Academically Adrift：Limited Learning on College Campuses.A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don’t have the skills they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.Public schools worked well until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. It was the underperforming students who were thrown out of public schools and went to private ones.A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women had few options for working outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. They accepted relatively low pay, difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services. Womens liberation opened up new professional opportunities for women, and, over time, some of the best left teaching as a career option, bringing about a gradual decline in the quality of schooling.Also around that time, regulations, government, and unions came to dictate pay, prevent adjustments, and introduce bureaucratic (官僚的）standard for advancement. Large education bureaucracies and unions came to dominate the landscape, confusing activity with achievement. Bureaucrats regularly rewrite curriculums, talk nonsense about theories of education, and require ever more administrators. The end result has been that, after all the spending, students have worse math and reading skills than both their foreign peers and earlier generations spending far less on education— as all the accumulating evidence now documents.61.What do we learn from various studies on America’s public education?A)Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.B)Public schools lack the resources to compete with private schools.C)Little improvement in education has resulted from increased spending.D)The number of students has increased much faster than that of teachers.62.How do some people explain the decline in public education?A)Government investment does not meet schools’ needs.B)Skilled students are moving to private schools.C)Qualified teachers are far from adequately paid.D)Training of students, basic skills is neglected.63. What was a significant contributor to the past glory of public schools?A)Well-behaved students.C)Talented women teachers.B)Efficient administration.D)Generous pay for teachers.64.Why did some of the best women teachers leave teaching?A)New career opportunities were made available to them by women’s liberation.B)Higher academic requirements made it difficult for them to stay in their jobs.C)They were unhappy with the bureaucratic administration in their schools.D)The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.65.What does the author think is one of the results of government involvement in education?A)Increasing emphasis on theories of education.B)Highly standardized teaching methods.C)Students’ improved academic performance.D)An ever-growing number of administrators.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国的互联网社区是全世界发展最快的。
2012年12月(cet4-6)大学英语四六级每题所占分数比例及
2012年12月（cet4-6）大学英语四六级每题所占分数比例及时间分配and每小题分数和及格分数。
2012年12月英语四六级分数线估计：425分（》=425分）12月18 日英语四六级成绩于3月1日查询。
这里特别解释一下英语六级，总分710 ，但是没有及格一说，能越高越2012年12月（cet4-6）大学英语四六级每题所占分数比例及时间分配and每小题分数和及格分数。
2012年12月英语四六级分数线估计：425分（》=425分）12月18日英语四六级成绩于3月1日查询。
这里特别解释一下英语六级，总分710 ，但是没有及格一说，能越高越好，但是普遍人把它认定为同4级一样425就算及格。
其实290分以上国家就会发成绩单。
所以劝一下很多考完四级，六级没有准备的同学，不要放弃考试，尽量参加考试，四级过了，六级怎么也能蒙290分吧。
大学英语四六级考试时间：2012年12月18号上午大学英语四级，（9:00-11:20，共140分钟）2012年12月18号下午大学英语六级（15:00-17:20，共140分钟）。
2012年12月（cet4-6）大学英语四六级各题型所占分数比例及每小题分数CET4 6(大学英语四六级考试)各题型分数、所占比例及时间分配先看一下英语四六级分数分配比例现行的大学英语四六级考试分为4个部分：2012年12月英语四六级分数分配一览表一、听力理解（35%，共249分合格150分）；二、阅读理解（35%，共249分合格150分）；三、综合测试（15%，共106分合格64分）；四、写作（15%，共106分合格64分）；1. 写作：作文分数占总分的15%，也就是106.5分，在这部分你要达到63.9分为及格。
2. 阅读理解：快速阅读占总分的 10% 即71分，每个7.1分，在这部分你要做对6个，达到42.6分为及格分。
题号为1-10题。
选词填空（15选10）;占总分的 10% 合71分，每个7.1分；也是要做对6个，达到42.6分为及格；仔细阅读理解：15％合106.5分，共10个每个10.65分，做对6个，达到63.9；总分数为177.5分。
大学英语四级考试(CET-4)监考人员考场指令
(CET-4)监考人员考场指令注意: 1.本指令制作在听力磁带上,上午9时正由监考人员开始播放.方括号内的为说明, 不朗读2.本考试的书面材料为试卷一1袋、试卷二和答案纸合装1袋1.请大家按座位上的准考证号坐好.把准考证和身份证放在座位左上角. 考试在15分钟后,即9:15分正式开始,共125分钟,11:20分结束.考试全过程中,9:15分至11:20分,考生不得中途退场.当监考宣布结束考试结束后,请考生仍旧坐在座位上,待监考人员收卷清点完毕后,考生方可离开考场.请严格遵守纪律,不可以冒名顶替,不允许任何作弊行为,禁止携带BP机、手机等通讯设备进入考场.如果已将BP机、手机带入考场的,请立即关上电源,交监考人员代为保管,否则取消考试资格或以作弊论处.现在请各自检查铅笔、直尺、橡皮是否备齐.2.考试分两个阶段.9:15至10:45做试卷的第一至第四部分,即所除第五部分作文之外的所有试题.10:45至10:50收试卷一和答题纸,请准时交卷,不要拖迟.收卷时间为5分钟.10:50至11:20做试卷二上的作文.多项选择题的答案写在答题纸上,非多项选择题的答案写在试卷二上.3.现在发答题纸.注意:答题纸不可折叠.请监考人员发答题纸并检查准考证与座位号是否相符,准考证与身份证是否相符.[录音中断3分钟]4.请把答题纸上的学校、姓名、学校代号和准考证号填好.填错的话,将得不到成绩或判为零分,后果由考生本人负责.答题纸的正确填法是:(1)用钢笔填写学校、姓名以及学校代号和准考证号的阿拉伯数字.(2) 在学校代号和准考证号下各条0-9的数字中找出与对应方框相符的数字,用铅笔在数字中间划一条横线,横线长度不要超过方括号,用钢笔或圆珠笔将作0分处理.画线要有一定的浓度和粗度,浓度要盖过底色.请监考人员示范.[录音中断半分钟]现在请填写.请监考人员检查考生是否填写正确;如填写有错误,立即纠正.[录音中断2分钟]5.现在发试卷一和试卷二.请监考人员在发试卷一时,注意A、B卷的发放顺序.请按录音机暂停键,过3分钟后再继续放音6.请看清试卷一封面上的试卷代号,并在答题纸上试卷代号一栏相应的字母上划线.如果你做的是A卷,划在字母A上;如果你做的是B卷,划在字母B上.划错或不划的话,将判为0分责任由考生自负.请检查一下试卷一中是否有缺页或破损.如有破损,立即举手报告.[录音中断半分钟]7.请看清注意事项.注意:试卷一的答案要做在答题纸上,做在试卷一上无效.答题纸上一定要用铅笔划,如要更正,先用橡皮擦干净.直尺用来对准题号和答案.在答题过程中,请注意维护自己的权益,防止他人抄袭自己的答案.如被人抄袭,后果自负.8.考试过程中不要向我们提有关试题的问题,我们对此一律不回答.考试马上正式开始.先放录音做听力理解题.录音开头有一段试听声音.试音结束,现在开始放录音,只放一遍.现在听力考试结束,请取下耳机,开始第二部分答题.[监考人员必须阅读并填写反面的监考须知]。
大学英语四六级考试改革方案.
大学英语四、六级考试口语考试（CET-SET）的 报名资格为：大学英语四级考试550分以上（含550 分）或大学英语六级考试520分以上（含520分）。 （注意：通常分数为此，但具体分数据每年题目的难 度可能会有所变化。）
五、考试内容和形式
• 四、六级考试将加大听力理解部分的题量 和比例，增加快速阅读理解测试，增加非 选择性试题的比例。
• 试点阶段的四、六级考试由四部分构成： 听力理解、阅读理解、综合测试和写作测 试。
• 听力理解部分的比例提高到35%，其中听 力对话占15%，听力短文占20%。
• 听力对话部分包括短对话和长对话的 听力理解； (选择题)
• 听力短文部分包括短文听写和选择题 型的短文理解；
• 听力题材选用对话、讲座、广播电视 节目等更具真实性的材料。
1、阅读理解
• 阅读理解部分比例调整为35%，其中 仔细阅读部分（careful reading）占 25%，快速阅读部分（fast reading） 占10%。
• 仔细阅读部分除测试篇章阅读理解外， 还包括对篇章语境中的词汇理解的测 试；快速阅读部分测试各种快速阅读 技能。
• 总的来说，改革前后题型的变化幅度很小，基本 上是对原有题型的变形或者扩展。
六、改革前后对考生的能力要求对比
• 改革后的四、六级听力考试强调听力 的实用性，即加强对考生的听力实际 应用能力的考查，因此新题中会提高 这部分的比例，要求考生能够根据说 话人的语气或者上下文语境判断说话 人的态度或者推测出隐含的信息。
二、最新记分方式公布 四六级不够220分没成绩单
四级考试成绩报告 单
cet4题型
CET-4题型1. 任务概述CET-4（College English Test-4）是中国的大学英语四级考试，是中国大陆高校英语教育中的重要组成部分。
本文将详细介绍CET-4考试的题型及其特点。
2. 题型分类CET-4考试共包含四个题型，分别是听力、阅读、写作和翻译。
2.1 听力题型听力是CET-4考试的第一部分，主要考察考生对英语听力的理解和应用能力。
听力题型包括听力理解和听力填空。
•听力理解：考生需要听取一段对话或独白，并回答相关问题。
这部分题目主要考察考生对于对话或独白的主旨、细节、态度、意图等方面的理解。
•听力填空：考生需要根据听到的文章内容，填写相关的信息，如人名、地点、日期、数字等。
这部分题目主要考察考生对于听力材料细节的捕捉和理解能力。
2.2 阅读题型阅读是CET-4考试的第二部分，主要考察考生对英语阅读材料的理解和分析能力。
阅读题型包括短文填空、阅读理解和完形填空。
•短文填空：考生需要根据短文内容，选择合适的单词或短语填入空白处。
这部分题目主要考察考生对于短文整体意义和语境的理解能力。
•阅读理解：考生需要阅读一篇文章，并回答相关问题。
这部分题目主要考察考生对于文章主旨、细节、态度、推理等方面的理解能力。
•完形填空：考生需要根据短文内容，选择合适的单词或短语填入空白处。
这部分题目主要考察考生对于文章整体结构和上下文的理解能力。
2.3 写作题型写作是CET-4考试的第三部分，主要考察考生的英语写作能力。
写作题型包括作文和翻译。
•作文：考生需要根据所给的题目，写一篇约150词左右的短文。
作文题目通常涉及社会热点、教育、文化等方面的话题，要求考生表达自己的观点和理由。
•翻译：考生需要将一段中文短文翻译成英文。
翻译题目通常涉及日常生活、文化、教育等方面的内容，要求考生准确表达短文的意思和语言风格。
3. 题型特点CET-4考试的题型有以下几个特点：•多样性：CET-4考试的题型种类丰富，涵盖了听力、阅读、写作和翻译等多个方面，能够全面考察考生的英语综合能力。
关于英语四级各项知识
英语四级百科名片英语四级，即CET-4，College English Test Band 4的缩写。
是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性教学考试；考试的主要对象是根据教育大纲修完大学英语四级的大学本科生或研究生。
大学英语四、六级标准化考试自1986年末开始筹备，1987年正式实施。
目的是推动大学英语教学大纲的贯彻执行，对大学生的英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为提高我国大学英语课程的教学质量服务。
综述大纲要求最新《大学英语教学大纲》(1999)对四级语法的要求是：“巩固和加深基本语法知识，提高在语篇水平上运用语法知识的能力。
”《大纲》对四级词汇的要求是：“领会式掌握4200单词(其中复用式掌握的单词为2500)，以及由这些词构成的常用词组1 600条(中学所掌握的词和词组均包括在内)，并且有按照基本构词法识别生词的能力。
”四级语法结构与词汇考查内容四级考试对语法词汇的考查与《大纲》要求是十分一致的。
综观近年来的四级考试题，我们不难发现四级考试语法词汇部分是这样体现《大纲》的。
1.语法考题的涉及面宽近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类，三种动词的非谓语形式，名词从句，形容词从句，副词从句，独立主格，一致，倒装，强调等基本语法知识。
2.语法考试的重点突出语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。
3.具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法1)虚拟语气的考点为：would rather+ that-c+一般过去时：It is vital /necessar y /important /urgent /imperative /desirable /advisable/ natural /essential + that + do；It is time /about time / high time + that + 一般过去时：proposal /sug gestion +that do；lest that should +do；if only that would do。
大学英语四级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷297(题后含答案及解析)
大学英语四级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷297(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay to express your views on the phenomenon of group purchasing. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：My Views on Group Purchasing In recent years, group purchasing becomes increasingly popular in our life. However, in my opinion, although it is cheaper and more convenient, we should be discreet when facing group purchasing. There are two main reasons why I say so. For one thing, you might lose more money on group purchasing because you will buy something you don’t really need once you cannot resist the temptation of the low price. That will turn into another way of waste of money although you intended to save money. For another, the products of group purchasing are usually not of good quality as those sold at the market price. Just as the old saying goes, you get what you pay. Therefore, don’t follow the group purchasing hastily until you carefully think what you really need and the quality of the goods. So please keep an eye on your wallet.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A听力原文：(1)Falling global demand for personal computers (PC) saw shipments fall by a record 10, 6% in the fourth quarter from a year ago, according to market research firm IDC. About 71. 9 million units were shipped in the period, which includes the key Christmas shopping season. IDC said the decline was the worst since it started tracking PC shipments. (2)PC demand has been hit by competition from smartphones and tablets, along with longer lifecycles for PCs.(1)Shipments fell in all regions around the world and have declined for five quarters in a row, according to IDC’s figures. Rival research firm Gartner also said shipments were down. Using different methodology, it saw a fall of 8.3% in the fourth quarter from a year ago. (2)Other factors that contributed to the decline in shipments included economic issues such as falling commodity prices, weaker currencies, as well as social tensions in the Middle East.1. What has happened in the PC market recently according to IDC? 2. What factor is contributing to the current situation?2．A．The PC market has picked up rapidly in the past months.B．PCs are sold at lower prices during the shopping season.C．PC shipments have gone down quickly around the world.D．PCs have longer lifecycles by upgrading their hardware.正确答案：C3．A．Rising commodity prices.B．Competition from mobile devices.C．Stronger currencies.D．Social tensions in Southeast Asia.正确答案：B听力原文：As the holiday shopping season begins, hackers are trying to trick users into revealing their private account information. (3)Last week, hackers tried to trick Amazon, com users into handing over their passwords and user names. The attempt to steal individual Amazon user names and passwords was a “phishing” attack. Phishing tries to trick users into thinking that the request comes from the company. In this case, hackers sent emails to Amazon account holders. The email lied and claimed that 2 592 Amazon account records were stolen. Customers were asked to verify account information in the phishing email. The email’s signature was signed as “Amazon Customer Support. “(4)Electronics and computer experts say deleting the email is an easy solution. Amazon says thieves use hoax emails that look like they are from Amazon company accounts. Amazon says many phishing emails contain misspelled words and bad grammar. The company says it never asks for personal information, passwords or bank account numbers.3. What did some hackers attempt to do last week? 4. What is a good way to solve the problem according to some experts?4．A．Steal Amazon users’ private account information.B．Sell individual Amazon user names and passwords.C．Start an attack on some online shopping websites.D．Spread a virus on online shopping websites by email.正确答案：A5．A．To call the Amazon Company.B．To check the spelling and grammar.C．To reset passwords frequently.D．To delete the email directly.正确答案：D听力原文：(5)India’s capital Delhi is ending a two-week trial that imposed major restrictions on private cars. Private cars with even and odd number plates were only allowed on alternate days during the experiment, which began on January 1.(6)The initiative is meant to curb the city’s air pollution. The trial took more than a third of the city’s three million private cars off the road, easing congestion. However, it is not clear whether it has helped to bring down pollution. Delhi has experienced hazardous levels of pollution this winter. The local government announced the scheme after a court ordered authorities to tackle pollution levels which stood at more than 10 times the World Health Organization’s safe limits. Authorities said the trial had resulted in a more than 50% drop in air pollution primarily caused by vehicular traffic. Emergency vehicles like ambulances, police cars, fire engines and taxis were exempt from the campaign, and single women were also allowed to drive their cars every day. The government hired private buses to provide shuttle services. (7)Schools were shut during the trial so their buses could also be used as public transport.5. What is Delhi try doing recently? 6. What is the purpose of this experiment? 7. Why were school buses used as public transport during the experiment?6．A．Giving severe punishments to traffic violators.B．Encouraging people to travel on public buses.C．Controlling the purchase of private cars.D．Limiting traffic by an odd-even scheme.正确答案：D7．A．To relieve its traffic congestion.B．To lessen its environmental problem.C．To guarantee drivers’ safety on the road.D．To improve the public transport system.正确答案：B8．A．Schools were shut during the trial.B．The pressure of public transport was heavy.C．Parents could send their children to school.D．The government required to do this.正确答案：ASection B听力原文：W: Do you think families have changed much in the last 50 years?M:I think families everywhere have changed a lot in the last five decades.W: What do you think is the biggest change?M: (8)Well, in the past, three or four generations would live together under the same roof. Nowadays, relatives living in the same city have become rare. W: That’s true. You know, some husbands and wives don’t even live in the same city any more. M: Would you ever consider having your parents live with you when they get older?W: (9)I guess I’m a bit old-fashioned. I’d rather have my parents live with me than live in a retirement home. M: (10)That’s very respectable, but I could never live with my parents. I usually only see them at our Christmas celebration and that’s enough! W: How about your other siblings? Do they spend a lot of time with your parents? M: Two of my sisters still live at home, even though they have already graduated from university and had jobs. (10)They enjoy spending their free time with my parents. I guess in that respect, I’m the black sheep of the family. W: I see. Do your parents ever ask you to come home to visit them more often? M: (11)They’re always asking me to come home, but I think our relationship is better if we keep a distance from each other. Whenever we see each other, all we do is fight. W: Well, you know what they say, “You can choose your friends, but not your family. “8. What does the man think is the biggest change for families? 9. What does the woman wish to do when her parents get older? 10. Why does the man say he is the black sheep of the family? 11. Why is the man unwilling to live with his parents?9．A．The number of families has decreased a lot.B．More young people seldom stay at home.C．Relatives seldom live in the same place.D．The family members live in the same place.正确答案：C10．A．She wants her parents to live with her.B．She wants her parents to live alone.C．She wants her parents to live in a retirement room.D．She wants her parents to live with her siblings.正确答案：A11．A．He is always in trouble at home.B．He is reluctant to live with his parents.C．He often fights with his siblings.D．He doesn’t study hard.正确答案：B12．A．He likes living alone.B．His house is far from his parents’ house.C．He is busy with his business.D．He always quarrels with his parents.正确答案：D听力原文：W: (12)How is your house hunting going?M: Not very well. I haven’t found anything within my price range yet. W: How much do you want to spend? M: I can only afford about ￡300 a month.W: (14)Looks like you’re not going to get more than a bedroom in a shared flat with that. M: Really? That’s a lot of money to pay for one room. Do you know anyone who needs a roommate? W: Well, if you want to live in London, you have to pay the price! I can ask around at work. Do you have a preference for smokers or non-smokers?M: (13)I’d prefer non-smoking roommates, but I guess I’ll have to take what 1 can get!W: How long do you want to sign a contract for?M: I can sign a contract up to a year. I don’t know where I’ll be after that.W: Do you need a furnished or unfurnished apartment?M: (14)I don’t have any furniture, so it would be great if it were furnished.W: You know that you’ll have to pay utilities on top of the rent, right?M: No, I thought that would be included in the rent.W: It’s not usually included, so you’ll have to factor in about ￡100 more each month for utilities.M: I don’t think I can afford that.W: Don’t worry. (15)Sometimes people will give you a discount if you promise to do the cleaning or take care of the lawn.M: That’s a good idea. I’ll look into finding something like that.12. What has the man been doing recently? 13. What kind of roommate will the man prefer? 14. What kind of room will the man prefer? 15. What should the man do if he wants to get a discount?13．A．He has been looking for a job.B．He has been looking for a house.C．He has been looking for a roommate.D．He has been looking for an agent.正确答案：B14．A．A roommate who does not snore.B．A roommate who does not smoke.C．A roommate who is very tidy.D．A roommate who loves studying.正确答案：B15．A．A flat with two bedrooms.B．An unfurnished apartment.C．A well-decorated apartment.D．A furnished bedroom in a shared flat.正确答案：D16．A．Help do housework.B．Bargain with the landlord.C．Agree to share with others.D．Sign a two-year contract.正确答案：ASection C听力原文：(16)Technology can bring lasting change to society, and one change it brought in the 19th century was the widespread use of color in art and commerce. A printing process began in Germany and then spread to America, where brightly-colored printing transformed popular culture. An exhibition called The Color Explosion at the Huntington Library illustrates the changes. The 19th century is often remembered through stiffly posed, black and white photographs of people dressed in shades of gray. Much of the century, however, was excess in color, especially in America, where brightly-colored prints found a place on boxes, cans as well as calendars and posters. David Smith, curator of the Huntington exhibition, (17)says the mass production of color was enabled by a groundbreaking process called lithography. “It had a tremendous visual impact on people who, up to this time, really had not seen much color before. (17)So lithography, one of its major impacts, was to colorize America and bring color to every community and every home, affordable. “ Lithographic artists used grease crayons to sketch images on a block of limestone. The printer applied water and ink, and the ink adhered to the greasy image. The stone block was then used to mass-produce printed copies. Black and white lithography was invented in Germany in the 1790s, (18) and it spread to France and England, and then made its way to America with German immigrants. Smith says that after a few decades, printers started using colored ink, as the process expanded from city to city in the country’s westward expansion.16. What change did technology bring in the 19th century? 17. What’s the great impact of lithography? 18. How did black and white lithography appear in America?17．A．The widespread use of color in clothes.B．The widespread use of color in boxes and cans.C．The widespread use of color in commerce and art.D．The widespread use of black and white photographs.正确答案：C18．A．It made the mass production of color possible.B．It enabled Americans to see colors.C．It made colors more expensive to get.D．It helped to produce more colors.正确答案：A19．A．Frenchmen brought it there.B．English immigrants brought it there.C．German immigrants brought it there.D．Americans invented it themselves.正确答案：C听力原文：(19)The reason people count sheep, as opposed to bluebirds or sailboats, is uncertain: some authorities think it may have to do with a tallying system devised by shepherds in ancient Britain. But there is no question that the phrase has entered the language. And its meaning is clear enough—the sheer monotony(单调) of the task is meant to lull you to sleep. But does it work? Scientists at Oxford University put it to the test. In their study, which appeared in the journal of Behavior Research and Therapy, two sleep researchers recruited insomniacs and split them into groups. Then they monitored them as they tried different techniques for falling asleep on various nights. (20)What they found was that subjects took slightly longer to fall asleep on nights when they were instructed to distract themselves by counting sheep or were given no instructions at all. But when they were told to imagine a relaxing scene—a beach, for example—they fell asleep an average of 20 minutes sooner than they did on other nights. Counting sheep, the scientists suggested, may simply be too boring to do for very long, while images of a soothing shoreline or tranquil stream are engrossing enough to concentrate on. In other studies at Oxford, scientists compared “good”sleepers with insomniacs and found distinct differences in their pre-sleep thoughts. Insomniacs pictured less scenery of any kind and had more thoughts of unpleasant images, worries, noises in the environment, “intimate relationships”and things they had done during the day. (21)So don’t count sheep: instead, try picturing relaxing images.19. Why has the phrase “count sheep”come into shape? 20. What does the test carried out by scientists at Oxford University show? 21. What does the speaker suggest to those who have difficulty falling asleep?20．A．It has to do with a tallying system.B．Sheep is a kind of lovely animal.C．It is useful for people to get good sleep.D．The reason is not clear to us.正确答案：D21．A．The subjects can easily fall asleep by counting sheep.B．The subjects can’t fall asleep when given no instructions.C．The subjects can easily fall asleep when imagining a soothing scene.D．The subjects can’t fall asleep when imagining a relaxing scene.正确答案：C22．A．Think about unpleasant images before sleep.B．Picture things they have done before sleep.C．Imagine worries and noises before sleep.D．Imagine soothing images before sleep.正确答案：D听力原文：(22) Australia has experienced its warmest August on record, as winter temperatures soared. Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology says that August was a “most extraordinary month”with mean temperatures almost 2. 5 degrees above the long-term average. August in Australia culminated in a record-breaking heatwave across much of the continent. Blair Trewin from the National Climate Center says the past month brought unprecedented weather. “Early last week we saw a number of locations in northern New South Wales and southern Queensland break their August record-high temperatures by four or five degrees,” Trewin said. “And to break records by that sort of margin is something which is extremely rare.” (23)Scientists think that such unseasonal temperatures are the result of both global warming and natural climate variability. There are warnings that spring in this part of the southern hemisphere is likely to bring more hot weather, causing a long drought. Parts of Australia have seen below-average rainfall for several years and the outlook for many parched communities is not good. (24) Australia is a major food exporter, and if the drought dramatically cuts yields, that could cause global prices for grain, meat and other foods to rise. (25)The warm, dry conditions have prompted the authorities to warn that Australia’s annual bushfire season is again likely to be severe. Already serious fires have flared near Sydney, the country’s most populous city.22. Why is August said to be a “most extraordinary month”? 23. What do the unseasonal temperatures result from according to the scientists? 24. What will the long drought lead to? 25. What is another concern for Australia?23．A．It is the hottest month of the year.B．It is the most beautiful season of the year.C．The temperature has reached a new high this month.D．There is a lot of rain this month.正确答案：C24．A．Both global warming and below-average rainfall.B．Both below-average rainfall and natural climate variability.C．Global warming as well as natural climate variability.D．Natural climate variability and geographical conditions.正确答案：C25．A．High food yields.B．High food prices.C．More starving people.D．More refugees.正确答案：B26．A．The hurricane.B．The food crisis.C．The water crisis.D．The annual bushfire.正确答案：DPart III Reading ComprehensionSection AResearchers have identified 1.4 million animal species so far—and millions remain to be discovered, named, and scientifically described. So how much would it actually cost to【C1】______every animal on Earth? A pair of Brazilian scientists has crunched (大量运算) the numbers and【C2】______up with an answer: $263 billion. That’s way more than the $5 billion that famed Harvard University biologist Edward O. Wilson estimated back in 2000—and that was for every species on Earth, not just animals. But even $263 billion would be a【C3】______price to pay to understand the creatures that【C4】______such essentials as agriculture, fisheries, new drugs, and energy sources, says ornithologist (鸟类专家) Joel Cracraft of the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. “Literally, the world economy runs on biodiversity,” he says. “People don’t understand really, deeply how much we dependon biodiversity.”Most biologists agree that with extinction rates【C5】______and climate change looming, the【C6】______to document the planet’s biodiversity—or biota (生物区)—is urgent,【C7】______considering the essential role these life forms play in crop pollination, clean air, and other aspects of human【C8】______”We are losing species by extinction faster than we are describing new species” according to some estimates, says biologist Antonio Marques, who【C9】______the new paper with Fernando Carbayo, both at the University of St. Paulo in Brazil. “We have to know the biota to preserve and conserve the biota,” he says. Besides the money, another huge【C10】______to a complete understanding of the animal kingdom is a global shortage of taxonomists (分类专家), experts say. A) attempt F) effort K) obstacle B) cheaper G) enable L) small C) classify H) especially M) soaring D) coauthored I) exactly N) well-being E) come J) identify O) yet27．【C1】正确答案：J28．【C2】正确答案：E29．【C3】正确答案：L30．【C4】正确答案：G31．【C5】正确答案：M32．【C6】正确答案：F33．【C7】正确答案：H34．【C8】正确答案：N35．【C9】正确答案：D36．【C10】正确答案：KSection BI thought having a baby would hurt my writing career. I was wrong. A) I almost didn’t have a child because of my career as a writer. Everything I read about motherhood and creativity said that a baby would sap (逐渐削弱) my energy, divide my attention, give me something called mommy brain and make it almost impossible to continue working. As an ambitious person, this scared me. Having a child is a big enough mystery, and the idea that it could stop me from doing what I most desired felt like a huge risk—one I wasn’t sure I wanted to take. B) For years, I waffled. I read myriad essays by other women complaining that since having a baby, they couldn’t find the time or energy to make art. I saw no reason I would be different. I could easily think of actors, musicians and other artists who seemed to lose their edge after having kids, or who produced far less work. Many female writers I admire, including Virginia Woolf, the Bronte sisters and Jane Austen, were childless. Those who did have children seemed to struggle with the issue. Margaret Atwood, for example, told The Paris Review, “For a while, I thought I had to choose between the two things I wanted: children and to be a writer. I took a chance. “C) In the end, I took one, too. Throughout my pregnancy, I weathered comments about how difficult writing would soon become, all obsessing about how I would juggle caring for a baby with finding time to write. D) I shouldn’t have worried. In the five years since my son’s birth, I’ve written two novels, won grants and residencies and broken into many national publications. Before becoming a mother, it took me 10 years to write a novel. I never won grants or residencies pre-birth, because I rarely applied for them and, despite my skills and experience, I was intimidated to approach national magazines. Now I don’t have time for any of that angst (焦虑不安) because the babysitter is leaving in an hour. E) Not that I don’t struggle with parenting—I do. There have been plenty of times when I’ve sat in my office, near tears, listening to my son beg to come in so he could “be with mommy.”I’ve turned down fellowships because I couldn’t be away from him so long. More than once, I’ve put him in front of a TV so I could meet a deadline. I’ve experienced plenty of mommy guilt. Still, I’d rather be the writer I am than the one I was before my son. No one is more surprised by that than I am. F) For one thing, I’m more focused. When my son was an infant, my time to be creative suddenly became limited, so I stopped wasting it. Before my son, I thought in terms of small financial gains and pursued any project that sounded fun. Now I think long-termabout what I want to accomplish, and I’m judicious about the projects I take on. I go after big goals. I’m braver. My creative life has broadened, and I’m more interested in making art that takes on larger, more pressing topics. G) I may not be alone here. The more we learn about how pregnancy affects the brain, the more it seems to benefit creative thinkers. One study showed that pregnancy produced long-lasting changes in brain areas associated with social cognition, or understanding how other people perceive things, skills that are useful for figuring out an infant and also for writing characters. Pregnancy may also improve memory and slow aging of the brain. Rats who gave birth did better on learning and memory tests. So much for mommy brain. A 2014 study showed that after giving birth, female rats catch crickets four times faster than other rats, and are less likely to let go of their prey. This reminds me of my newfound focus. I never thought I’d relate to a rat. Motherhood is full of surprises. H) Even literary history seems less bleak (令人沮丧的) when I look at it from another angle. While there are plenty of childless women writers, there are also women such as George Sand or Margaret Oliphant, successful writers with children. Oliphant, whom novelist Ursula K. Le Guin said was a better writer than Anthony Trollope, had six children. Harriet Beecher Stowe had seven. Elizabeth Gaskell had five. Kate Chopin, who wrote The Awakening, had six children and was a single mother. Sand had two children, wrote nearly 90 novels and still had time for an affair with Frederic Chopin. Mary Shelley, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Frances Burney, Frances Hodgson Burnett, Agatha Christie and Gwendolyn Brooks all had children. If these women could do it, certainly I, a woman with more freedom and resources, can thrive while juggling kids with creativity. I) When it comes to women succeeding in the arts, maybe motherhood itself has never been the problem. The problems lie in the economic and social constraints that come with being a mother. The arts, like everything else, were historically dominated by men. Complaints of women in the arts were often wrapped in complaints about child rearing, perceived for centuries to be the realm of the feminine. “There is no more somber enemy of good art than the pram in the hall,” wrote critic Cyril Connolly in his 1938 book Enemies of Promise. This quote is often mentioned because it so perfectly sums up the prejudice against motherhood in the arts. If the mere presence of things relating to a baby threatens art, how much more the baby itself and the lactating (分泌乳汁的) woman who bore the baby? J) So when I, a woman trying to make art, contemplated becoming the woman with the baby, I felt divided. I didn’t want to create the very thing that would become the enemy of my art. For almost a decade, I sat on my hands, afraid to have a child, yet wanting one. I now regret all that wasted time. K) After all, many male artists had children. Leo Tolstoy had 13, Charles Dickens had 10, Amadeus Mozart had six, Johannes Vermeer had 15, and Johann Sebastian Bach had 20. No one would suggest that fatherhood hindered the creativity of these men, yet their ability to create depended on someone else taking care of all those kids. It’s no different for women artists, except that they have only recently been afforded the same privilege that men have always had—that is, the peace of mind that comes when someone you trust looks after your children while you work. L) In this respect, creative women need the same thing all professional women need: childcare and a support system. I havethat in my husband, who shares half the parenting, and in my limited access to babysitting. Not everyone is so fortunate. Today, a more promising discussion about motherhood and creativity would look at how women artists can get the resources they need to make art, instead of rehashing the same old idea that motherhood and creativity don’t mix.37．Women artists usually lost their advantages and became less prolific after having children.正确答案：B38．The situation of limited time makes the author braver and pursue larger dreams.正确答案：F39．It is the economic and social factors, not the motherhood that prevent women from succeeding in the arts.正确答案：I40．One study showed that pregnancy exerted beneficial influence on women’s brain.正确答案：G41．The author thought that raising a baby would exhaust her energy and distract her attention from writing.正确答案：A42．Nobody would claim that being a father might prevent a man from being a creative writer.正确答案：K43．One reason why the author can mix motherhood with creativity is that her husband shoulders half the parenting burden.正确答案：L44．The author suffered a lot of guilt as she could not accompany her son all the time.正确答案：E45．There were some women writers in literary history who balanced the relationship between motherhood and the writing career.正确答案：H46．In the five years with her son, the author could write more efficiently than before.正确答案：DSection CIt often seems that some possess superhuman eating powers, allowing them to down an entire pizza while remaining rail-thin. Others only need to think of a slice and gain five pounds. Now one doctor says there’s evidence that genetics could be behind some of these differences. Regardless of how much you eat, your weight may be out of your hands. Vann Bennett, a biochemist at Duke University and his team led a new investigation and discovered why this happens. They engineered mice to have several common modifications of the gene found in humans. They observed that mice who had mutations of ankyrin-B took more glucose (葡萄糖) into their fat cells, which in turn made more fat. Typically, the cell membrane (膜) acts as a barrier to prevent glucose from entering these cells: the alteration kept the gate open. The change may serve a useful purpose. “Probably this is not always a bad thing,” Bennett told Newsweek. “It could help people survive famines in the past. But today we have so much food that it probably is a bad thing.” Our modern diets of fast food drive-thru windows and aisles of packaged snacks make the alteration work against us. Dieters have long been told to watch their calories and exercise more, but this new finding suggests that a blanket approach doesn’t work for everyone. And the study illustrates a common problem for people: increased weight gain as a function of age. Our metabolism naturally slows with age, making it harder to maintain the weight of our 30-year-old selves when we’re 50. Now add an unruly ankyrin-B gene, and it may seem impossible to stay slim. The mice in the study gained more weight when on high-fat diets. Bennett believes this is because once the fat cells received the glucose and start making more fat, they become sensitive to other fat. Despite being studied in mice, the researchers believe further research on this gene, and possibly others, could potentially create a field of customized diets and health plans based on genetics. Bennett envisions such assessments being performed at birth one day. For now, frustrated dieters can take comfort with one saying: It’s not you, it’s your genes.47．According to a doctor, what makes people different in weight?。
2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题第三套试题(后附答案与听力原文)
2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题（三）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: In this task, you are to write an essay on the necessity of developing social skills for college students. You will have 30 minutes for t如task.You should write at least丝Q words but no more than拉O words.Part ll Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)淘宝店铺（学海无涯教育）提醒您：2022年12月四级考试全国共考了2套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容完全相同，只是顺序不同，故听力题不再重复列出。
Part]1[ Section A Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your c加ices.应ch choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not u.s,e any of the叨rds in the bank more than once.Phones influence all aspects of teenage life. Ninety-five percent of Americans ages 13 to 17 have a smartphone or have access to one, and nearly half report using the internet "almost _1L."But as recent survey data and interviews have suggested, many teens find much of that time to be unsatisfyingly spent. Continuous ___J,J_ shouldn't be mistaken for endless enjoyment. A new ---1§ representative survey about "screen time and device distractions" from the Pew Research Center indicates that it's not just parents who think teenagers are worryingly ____1L from their phones—many teens themselves do too. Fifty-four percent of the 13-to-17-year-olds surveyed said they spend too much time � in their phones.Vicky Rideout, who runs a research firm that studies children's interactions with media and technology, was not surprised by this finding. She says it's hardly 31. to teenagers. "They are dealing with the same challenges that adults are, as far as they are living in the __lL of a tech environment designed to suck as much of their time onto their devices as possible," Rideout says.The way parents interact with technology can -� the way they interact with their kids. Rideout thus thinks it's up to parents to model good __l!_: Kids tend to take note if their parents put their phone away at dinner or charge it in another room while they sleep. Witnessing habits like that can help kids "realize that they can _l.L some more control over their devices," she says.A)absorbedB)addictedC)behaviorD)constantlyE)contextF)exerciseG)inseparableH)nationally Section B I)recruited J)shape K)solution L)specific M) summary N)usage 0)vaguelyDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.应ch statement contains information given in one of the pa.ragraphs. Identify the pa.ragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a pa.ragraph more than once.压ch pa.ragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by ma rking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Evil GeniusA)A few years ago I found myself teaching a university class on evil. It was for third-year criminology students to help them contextualize theory and research within controversial current topics. It was a huge success. The debates were heated and interesting. I could see people's views change within the course of a single lecture. Over the past 13 years, as a student, lecturer and researcher, I've enjoyed discussing the science of evil with anyone willing to listen. W hat I like most is destroying the cliche（陈词滥调）of good and evil, and replacing them with scientific insight. We need a more informed way of discussing behavior that at first we cannot, or should not, begin to understand.B) Without understanding, we risk dehumanizing others, writing off human beings simply because wedon't comprehend them. We must try to understand what we have labeled evil. We tend to think evil is something that other people are. We think of ourselves as "good people", and even when we do morally wrong things, we understand the context of our decisions. With others, however, it is far easier to write them off. If their actions deviate（偏离）substantially from what we consider acceptable, we may label them evil. We need to be careful with this. Calling someone evil is often similar to saying they cannot change, and perhaps aren't even a human at all. However, when you actually go monster-hunting, and you look deeply at the people behind shocking behavior, you may be surprised.C)As a child I used to love the Scooby-Doo carto o ns. Arriving in their "Mystery Machine", the gangwould have to find a monster who was terrorizing a neighborhood. T hey would run around looking for clues and at the end unmask the bad guy. It was always a normal person in a costume. There were no monsters. Like the Scooby crew, we may find ourselves hunting for an easy fix, one word for people who do bad things. But if we take a good look, the word'evil'is insufficient—there are no simple explanations for why humans do bad things, instead there are many, and they are all marvelously different.D)Evil is typically referred to when there is deviance from social norms, formal deviance is the violationof laws, like theft, murder, and attacks, while informal deviance involves violations of social norms, like lying. Evil behavior is typically thought to embrace one or both forms. However, deviance can also describe a behavior that simply differs from the norm.E)Perhaps this is where we can find the good side of our bad side.Deviating from the norm can make usvillains（恶棍），but it can also make us heroes. A child deviates from social pressures when they stand up for another child being bullied in school. A soldier deviates when they choose not to follow orders to kill an innocent civilian. An employee in a big tech company deviates when they expose its wrongdoings.F)Creativity is also a deviation. Here, too, things are complex. Thinking creatively has given us modernmedicine, technology and modern political structures, but it has also given us poison and nuclear weapons. Great benefit and great harm can come from the same human tendency.G)In a research paper, Evil Genius, published in 2014, the behavioral scientists Francesca Gino andScott Wiltermuth wanted to examine whether people who behave unethically in one task are more creative than others on a subsequent task, even after controlling for differences in baseline creative skills. The unethical behavior they chose was dishonesty.H)Over five experiments researchers gave participants tasks in which they could cheat. In one study, theywere given血trixes（矩阵）and had to find two numbers that added up to 10. Participants were asked to self-report how well they did at the end of the study, 59% cheated by saying that they solved more matrixes than they actually had.I)After each task, the researchers measured participants'performance on the Remote Associates Test.This shows participants three words at a time that appear to be unrelated, and the person has to think of a fourth word that is associated with all of them. For example, you might get "Fox, Man, Peep", or "Dust, Cereal, Fish". In order to find the linking words ("Hole" for the first, "Bowl" for the second) you need to be creative. The more you get right, the more creative you are thought to be because you have come up with uncommon associations.J)For every one of the five studies, they found the same thing—participants who cheated in the first task did better on the creativity task. Why? Like other forms of unethical behavior, lying means breaking rules. It involves being deviant, going against the social principle that people should tell the truth.Similarly, being creative involves "thinking outside the box", deviating from expectations. They involve similar thought patterns, so stimulating one stimulates the other. Can we learn from this?Perhaps. To be more creative, we could try lying in a controlled environment. Find online logic games and cheat at them, play Scrabble（拼宇游戏）with a dictionary, or write a story about something that is untrue? Such tasks can get our brains thinking flexibly, beyond our normal comfort zone. This is nota call to become a compulsive（强迫性的）liar,but a controlled liar.K)In addition to benefits for creativity, deviance can be a good thing in other ways. Even Philip Zimbardo, the author of the Stanford prison experiment, who showed how easily we can be led to behave badly, believes that the future of deviance research may lie more in understanding extreme prosocial behavior, such as heroism. Like evil, we often view heroism as only a possibility for outliers— for people who are abnormal. But Zimbardo asks, "What if the capability to act heroically is also fundamentally ordinary and available to all of us?" Some say we should never meet our heroes, lest they disappoint us when we find out how normal they are. But this should be liberating, not disappointing. We are all capable of behaving like outliers. It's time for us to understand deviance, and realize its potential for good as well as for harm.36.A behavior that does not conform to social norms may be described as being deviant.37.Various experiments found that participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in thecreativity test.38.People may be simply considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us.39.The research published by two scientists was intended to examine the relationship between dishonestyand creativity.40.The author's lectures sparked lively discussions in his class.41.The researchers tested the participants'creativity by asking them to play a word game.42. It is time we realized that deviance may be capable of doing both good and harm to individuals andsociety.43.The reasons for people's evil behaviors can be explained in more ways than one.44.The math task in one experiment was designed to test participants'tendency to cheat.45.So m e creative ideas have turned out to do harm to human society.Section CDirections:'I',加re are 2 passages in this section．应ch passage is followed by some questions or unfinis加d statements. For each of加m t加re are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on t加best choice and mark t加corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Even though we are living in an age where growing old is thought of as an inevitable misery, this doctor has been changing the game for seniors over the last 25 years.It all started in 1991 when the Harvard-educated physician was transferred from working in a stressful emergency room to being the medical director of a nursing home in upstate New York. The depressing and regimented（严格管制的）environment got him thinking on what exactly could improve the residents' conditions.Even though animals in nursing homes were illegal at the time, Dr. Bill Thomas took a chance. Based on a hunch（直觉），he brought in two dogs, four cats, hens, rabbits, 100 birds, a multitude of plants, a flower garden, and a vegetable patch.The change was dramatic. There was a 50% drop in medical prescriptions along with a dramatic decrease in death rates—but most importantly, the residents were simply happier.Dr. Thomas's approach, named the Eden Alternative, has driven nursing homes to allow a more autonomous (自主的）and creative living space for their elderly. It erases the belief that growing old means growing useless. He encourages residents to think of their age as an enriching new phase of life rather than the end of it.Thomas, now a speaker and author of several books, also created small, independently-run residences with their own bedrooms and bathrooms, and he has been preaching a singular message that getting old is not a bad thing."Within six weeks, they had to send a truck around to pick up all the wheelchairs," Thomas told the Washington Post. "You know why most people in nursing homes use wheelchairs? Because the buildings are so big."The 56-year-old doctor's methods have been adopted in Australia, Japan, Canada, and America with enormous success. Last year he published Second Wind: Navigating t如Passage to a Slower, Deeper, and More Connected Life, a guide on how to shift our perspectives on aging and growth.He is currently traveling through North America performing with his guitar and his enthusiasm on his Age of Disruption Tour.46.What has Bill Thomas been doing for a quarter of a century?A)Transforming people's lifestyle.B)Honoring his Harvard education.C)Changing people's philosophy of life.D)Shifting people's perspective on aging.47.Why did Bill Thomas try something different in the nursing home?A)He wanted to make it more pleasant for seniors.B)He wanted to apply his Harvard training to practice.C)He felt it his duty to revolutionize its management.D)He felt disappointed working in the environment.48.What do we learn about Bill Thomas bringing animals and plants into the nursing home?A)He made a mess of the nursing home.B)He did something all professionals would do.C)He won instant support from the state authorities.D)He acted in violation of the state law.49.What has Bill Thomas been persistently advocating?A)Good health is not just a privilege of the young.B)Nursing homes should be strictly limited in size.C)Getting old is by no means something miserable.D)Residences for seniors should be run independently.50.How is Bill Thomas's new concept received?A)It is gaining gr o und in many countries.B)It is being heatedly debated worldwide.C)It is considered revolutionary everywhere.D)It is winning approval from the government.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following p邸吨e.Research shows that in developed countries, more affluent and educated people tend to consume higher-quality diets一including more fruits and vegetables, fish and whole grains. On the contrary, economically disadvantaged people report diets that are nutrient-poor and energy-dense. They are less likely to have food-purchasing habits that conform to public health recommendations.These dietary differences are often accompanied by higher rates of obesity and diabetes among lowerincome people. This relationship between social class and diet quality and health is extensively documented. However, the research does not explain why this is the case--a question that has significant implications for designing effective policies and initiatives to improve diets and prevent chronic diseases.Public-health initiatives to promote healthy diets often focus on providing nutrition education and recipes（食谱）．These approaches, however, often presume less food literacy (i.e. food knowledge and skills) among low-income people. Are unhealthy diets really the result of poor choices, limited food skills and knowledge?Research suggests that adults in food-insecure households are just as likely as those in food-secure households to adjust recipes to make them more healthy. They are also just as proficient in food preparation and cooking skills. There is no indication that increasing food skills or budgeting skills will reduce food insecurity.Instead, disadvantaged groups are constrained by their economic, material and social circumstances. For example, low income is the strongest predictor of food insecurity in Canada, where one in eight households experiences insufficient access to nutritious foods.It's well-established that food prices are an important determinant of food choice. Low-incomehouseholds report that they find it difficult to adopt dietary guidelines because food prices are a barrier to improving their diets.When researchers estimate the cost of diets people actually eat, higher-quality diets are typically more costly.While this may be so, it does not, in itself, prove that healthy diets are necessarily more expensive or cost-prohibitive. After all, not all socioeconomically disadvantaged people consume poor diets.We can easily think of a number of f o ods and recipes that are both inexpensive and nutritious. The internet is full of recipes for "eating well on a budget."51.What can we learn from research on diets in developed countries?A)Dietary recommendations are not fit for underprivileged people.B)People from different social groups vary in ·their dietary habits.C)People's choice of food depends on their individual taste.D) There is no consensus on what high-quality diets are.52.What does the author say is important in formulating policies to improve diets and health?A)A better understanding of the relationship between social class and health.B)A greater emphasis on studying the cause of obesity and chronic diseases.C)Prioritizing the provision of better nutrition for lower classes.D)Designing education programs and initiatives on public health.53.What does research reveal about adults in food-insecure households?A)Their eating habits need to be changed.B)Their food literacy has been improving.C) They do not pay much attention to their food recipes.D)They do not lack food knowledge or budgeting skills.54.What would help improve food security among the disadvantaged groups in Canada?A) Teaching them budgeting skills.B)Increasing their food choices.C)Enabling them to have more access to nutritious foods.D)Taking more effective measures to increase food supplies.55.What does the author suggest disadvantaged people do to improve their health?A)Adopt a positive attitude towards dietary guidelines.B)Choose diets that are both healthy and affordable.C)Make sure to purchase healthy foods on the internet.D) Change their eating habits and consumption patterns.Part N Translation (30 minutes)Directions For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You s加uld write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.圣(Winter Solstice)是全年白昼最短、黑夜最长的一天，标志着一年中最寒冷时节的开始。