2019-2020学年浦东新区高考英语一模(20210119210442)
2020年上海市浦东中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析
2020年上海市浦东中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATheatre and film fans will be excited about what's on stage and on screen.THEATRE☆Take in a Broadway show at Mirvish Venues. The Grand Theatre hosts plays and musicals in London, Ontario. The building dates back to 1901 and starts a rare architectural feature.☆In the heart of Ontario's bread-basket, treat yourself to uniquely Canadian modern productions at the Blyth Festival in Goderich.☆Ontario becomes popular on the stage as theatre festivals. The Stratford Festival produces classic productions mainly on Shakespeare in Stratford. Works by Bernard Shaw, the founder of social realism in English literature enrich the stage at the Shaw Festival in Niagara-on-the-Lake.FILM☆Expand your mind with great modem, independent film during the Reel Asian FilmFestival or visit the TIFF Bell Lightbox for exhibitions related to film and theatre.☆Making productions that don't reach half an hour by new filmmakers, the Breakthroughs Film Festival provides some of the most video movies.☆Five amazing programs feature films from across the globe during the Durham Region International Film Festival.☆One of the top film festivals in the world, the 'Toronto International Film Festival features everything from mainstream Hollywood productions to international cinema.COMEDY☆For a laugh, head to a comedy club. Absolute Comedy, Second City and Yuks Yuks all specialize in finding your funny bone.☆The Toronto Alliance for the Peforming Arts will keep you up to date on what 's playing onToronto's stages; you can look through their “TOnight” for on-the-go performing arts tickets, reviews and searches on your mobile.1. Where should those preferring realistic dramas go?A. London.B. Stratford.C. Goderich.D. Niagara-on-the-Lake.2. What does the Breakthroughs Film Festival focus on?A. Short films.B. Films across the world.C. Modern films.D. Films by young directors.3. What might “TOnight” be?A. A comedy.B. An application.C. A guidebook.D. An organization.BTo Rehan Staton, his childhood was a life of privilege — loving parents, a supportive big brother and a pleasant, private school education. Everything changed when his mother left the country and his father lost his job.He had to sleep with a heavy jacket on when it was cold. He was always hungry. He said he couldn't concentrate at school and would sleep during class. He went from straight. As to near the bottom of his class. A teacher told him he needed special education, which made him hate school.Staton spent his high school years as an excellent athlete, raining to become a professional boxer. He had won a lot of martial arts competitions.But a tragedy struck him in his senior year when Staton suffered serious tendonitis (肌腱炎), in both shoulders. He couldn’t lift either arm for months. His dream of becoming a professional player failed. He struggled to apply to colleges but was refused byall of them.Staton’s body slowly recovered from martial arts and he got a job as a rubbish collector. Many co-workers couldn't help but ask him a simple question, “What are you doing here? You’re smart. You are too young to be here. Go to college.” It was the first time someone outside his family had spoken highly of his intelligence. It was the co-workers thatem enedhim to return to school.Several co-workers put Staton in touch with a professor atBowieStateUniversity. The professor was impressed with their conversation and persuaded the admissions board to change its former decision.Going to college forced Staton’s older brother, Reggie, to drop out. They both knew someone had to be working full time along with their dad. It was a decision Reggie made on his own.After receiving a 4.0, Staton succeeded in becoming a student at theUniversityofMaryland. But he still had a long way to go to attend Harvard Law eventually...4. What finally changed Rehan Staton’s happy childhood?A. His brother’s losing the job.B. His serious health problem.C. His father’s sudden death.D. His mother’s leaving the country.5. What does the underlined word “em ened” in the fourth paragraph mean?A. Force.B. Direct.C. Encourage.D. Accompany.6. Why did Staton’s elder brother have to drop out of school?A. He wanted his brother to study further.B. His father asked him to leave school.C. He had lost interest in most lessons.D. He had to go out to find his mother.7. What will the writer mainly talk about next?A. What Rehan Staton planned to do after entering Harvard.B. How Rehan Staton managed to be admitted to Harvard.C. Why Rehan Staton decided to choose to go to Harvard.D. When Rehan Staton would be successful in Harvard Law.CHenry Cavill: Bring Superman to LifeHenry Cavill knew that he wanted to be a star at 16 years of age, after a chance meeting with movie star Russell Crowe who inspired hispassion for acting. But for the British-born actor, the bright lights and attraction ofHollywoodwere a long way away. Supported by his secretary mother and stockbroker father, he decided to study drama during high school. His journey to super star began.Before gaining the international recognition he has now, Cavill tried out for roles in the Harry Potter and Twilight series but failed to get either. He would have to keep waiting for his big chance.Determined as ever, Cavill took any acting jobs he could get his hands on and appeared in several low-budget horror movies and TV shows in hopes of getting noticed. It almost worked. In the early 2000s, at just 22 years old, he narrowly missed out on becoming the new James Bond. Finally, in 2007, his hard work paid off. He won a leading role as the first Duke of Suffolk in the period showThe Tudors. The TV show was very popular and helped to raise Cavill's popularity inAmerica.In 2011, Cavil landed his breakout role, playing Superman in the DC Extended Universe. He hasn't looked backand has since starred in many hit films, such asMission: Impossible- Fallout.More recently, he stepped back on to the small screen. Since 2019, he has starred in the popular seriesThe Witcher, adapted from the book series and video games of the same name. In the TV show, Cavill played a brave monster hunter named Geralt of Rivia, which was the perfect role for Cavill because he was a fan of the video games. Cavill also got a chance to play a classic English character — master detective Sherlock Holmes — in 2020'sEnola Holmes.However, Cavill isn't just a good guy on screen. His charity work also makes him a real-life hero. In 2014, he took part in the Ice Bucket Challenge while wearing his full Superman suit to support the ALS Association. Currently, he is an ambassador for the UK's Royal Marines Charity, which supports war veterans (退伍军人). Why does he do it? He love to make people feel good and bring smiles to people' faces. Indeed, Henry Cavill in living proof that you don't always need to wear a cape (斗篷) to act like a hero.8. Why did Cavil act in low-budget film and TV works early in his career?A. He was too polite to refuse.B. He was hoping to get noticed.C. He was encouraged to do so by his parents.D. He was friends with the directors of the projects.9. The role of the monster hunter was the perfect for Cavill because ________ .A. he had experienced hunting monstersB. he had played the same role in a movieC. he knew the writer of the books personallyD. he enjoyed the video games that the show was rooted in10. Which of the following words can best describe Cavill?A. Modest and friendly.B. Determined and kind.C. Talented and faithful.D. Honest and considerate.11. What made Cavill a real-life hero?A. Being a successful actor.B. Playing Superman on screen.C. Devoting to charities.D. Wearing a cape to take part in activities.DAt Aizo Chuo Hospital in Japan, employees greet newcomers, guide patients to and from the surgery area, and print out maps of the hospital for confused visitors. They don’t take lunch breaks or even get paid. Why? They’re robots!Robots have long worked in factories, helping to build cars and electronic appliances. But today’s robots don’t just do the jobs of people－they actually look and act a lot like people.Kansei, arobot from Japan, has a plastic face covering 19 movable parts. The robot can make 36 facial expressions in response to different words. Kansei shakes in fear at the word “war” and smiles when it hears the word “dinner”.Researchers in Europe are going even further with iCub, a “baby” robot. They are teaching it to speak and hold conversations.The ability to interact is crucial for robots that will one day work closely with humans says robotics professor ChrisAtkeson. “ This will require robots to understand what you say and how you are feeling and respond with appropriate emotions, ” he told WR News.Japanese scientist Minoru Asada agrees. He is building a robot called CB2 that acts like a real baby. “ Right now, it only goes, ̒Ah, ah. ̓But as we develop its learning function, it will start saying more complex sentences and moving on its own, ” Asada says. “ Next-generation robots need to be able to learn and develop by themselves.”Intelligent robot will become more important in the future, as populations age and the number of human workers declines in many countries. “ We’re going to have many more old people and not enough young people to care for them,” says robot researcher Matthew Mason. “ Technology can help the old people live at home longer, instead of going to nursing homes.”12. According to the passage, what jobs have robots already performed?A. Giving advice, answering customer questions and planning events.B. Producing factory goods, building cars and greeting customers.C. Greeting customers, producing factory goods and performing surgery.D. Building cars, driving passengers and providing directions.13. The second paragraph in this passage is mainly about?A. To explain how a robot works.B. To define what a robot is.C. To describe the functions of modern robots.D. To predict the future uses of robots.14. How does the Kansei robot react on the word “fire”?A. Use languages to warn nearby humans.B Back up its memory files.C. Activate an automatic fire alarm.D. Produce a worried look on his face.15. In Asada’s opinion, the next step for robots will be to develop_______.A. the ability to learn independentlyB. the ability to understand human commandsC. the capacity to interact with humansD. the willingness to work together第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年浦东中学高三英语模拟试题及参考答案
2019-2020学年浦东中学高三英语模拟试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项A阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The opening ceremony for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games was held at the Olympic Stadium in Tokyo on July 23, 2021 after a year of waiting due to the pandemic. Let's take a look at the highlights which make this opening ceremony unique.No spectatorsThere are no spectators during the opening ceremony in an effort to prevent the spread of the coronavirus infections. About 950 people, including officials and journalists, will watch in the main stadium, organizers said. Fewer athletes are expected to attend the ceremony because many are not allowed to stay for the entire Games due to COVID-19 restrictions.Male and female flag-bearersThe International Olympic Committee has actively encouraged all delegations toselect two flag-bearers at the opening ceremony, including one woman, as women's participation in the Tokyo Games reaches 48.8 percent, making it the most gender-balanced Olympics in the history of the event.Oath (宣誓) session updatedOne of the most symbolic parts of the opening ceremony—the Olympic oath—has been significantly adapted in order to “highlight the importance of solidarity, inclusion, non-discrimination and equality”. The number of oath-takers is also extended from three to six—two athletes, two coaches and two judges.Simplified ceremonyIn the 30-second video showing the rehearsal of the opening ceremony released to the public, the performances are integrated with dances, scenery and other display elements used in Japanese traditional festival activities.In order to prevent and control the COVID-19 pandemic and manage the cost, the Tokyo 2020 Organizing Committee said that the performances of the ceremony will be greatly simplified, with more light and shadow technology used instead of real decorations at the scene.1.Why isn't there any spectator during the opening ceremony?A.To limit the number of people present.B.To highlight the spirit of the Olympic Games.C.To control the spread of an infectious disease.D.To make room for the athletes all over the world.2.Why is each delegation encouraged to select one woman as a flag-bearer in Tokyo Olympics?A.Women will be in a leading position in sports.B.Women athletes make up a larger percentage than ever.C.Women will play a more important part in society.D.More and more women will take part in the Olympic Games.3.Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A.Oath-takers are made up of six athletes.B.Tokyo uses more real decorations to cut the cost.C.About 950 people watch the entire games in the Tokyo Games.D.The opening ceremony presents the traditional culture of Japan.BHave you ever been on social media and seen your favorite celebrity talking about a product? These promotions might not be totally random, and are actually seen as a vital part of the marketing process. The question is: How do social media influencers ‘influence’ what you buy?Human desire for status and making friends, combined with our need to belong to a group, makes us receptive to being ‘socially influenced’. Companies often use that desire to have a similar lifestyle to a celebrity we admire to sell or launch a product. So, what do these promotions actually do?Firstly, they can be used to build brand awareness. A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create appealing content that not only sticks to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before.Secondly, influencers can improve a company or product’s relationship with their customer base. According to InMoment’s 2018 US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand loyal for more than ten years. This is also true of 60% of millennials. A popular celebrity can target key customers and talk or blog about a product, which can create an instant and lasting bond with them.Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with seemingly ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’can make us less likely to be doubtful about what we are seeing.So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a carefully worked-out marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. If you find yourself examining a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced.4. Why do companies invite celebrities to launch products?A. Because celebrities can improve the companies’ public images.B. Because consumers like to share similarity with celebrities.C. Because celebrities want to make more money.D. Because consumers can make friends with celebrities.5. According to the passage, which strategy is often used by influencers?A. Setting up operation platforms.B. Sending gifts to customers.C. Improving relationship with the company.D. Taking advantage of their popularity.6. To customers, the recommendations of influencers seem to be ________.A. offensiveB. subjectiveC. objectiveD. misleading7. The passage is mainly about ________.A. how social media make adsB. how social media influence our lifestyleC. how social influencers affect our buyingD. how celebrities earn fameCJerry Lawson had a love of science and invention from a very young age. And, with the support of his family and teachers, he took that love and helped change the world for billions of people, when he invented the modem video game cartridge.Both of Jerry's parents supported his love of science and invention. His father, a longshoreman, was a science fan and encouraged Jerry to always experiment with things. Jerry's first-grade teacher helped encourage him on his path to be someone influential similar to George Washington Carver, a great AfricanAmerican inventor. His first love in school was chemistry but he ended up liking electronics（电子学）even more.He earned an amateur ham radio license at age 13 and built his own radio station in his room, with an antenna hanging out of his window! Jerry earned money from fixing television sets, visiting people's homes for inhouse repair, and also working at local electronics stores. Jerry also made walkie-talkies and sold them to other kids. He spent many Saturdays at an electronics store that had all of the parts he needed for his inventions. He would use his small allowance and money he earned to buy parts to help fuel his inventions.When he was a young adult, Jerry joined Fairchild Semiconductor as an engineer. During this time, he created his own video arcade game（街机游戏），Demolition Derby, in his garage.A few years later, Jerry was asked to work on a secret project. Not even his boss was allowed to know what he was doing! What it turned out to be was that he was designing the Fairchild Channel F video gameconsole（游戏控制器）and leading the team that invented the video game cartridge. This was the first of its kind and enabled kids around the world to affordably play video games at home.Just like with automobiles，many advances have occurred since the inventionof video games. Video games are now one of the biggest forms of entertainment in the world. But all of this would not have been possible without the vision, passion, and skill of Jerry Lawson and his learn.8. How did Jerry earn money when he was a teenager?A. By running his radio station.B. By selling television sets.C. By repairing things for others.D. By making electronic parts.9. Before Jerry's secret project, playing video games at home was_____.A. expensiveB. harmfulC. commonD. tiring10. What does the author mainly tell us in the last paragraph?A. Jerry Lawson and his team can be more skillful.B. Jerry Lawson is important to the game industry.C.Many advances have taken place in the automobile industry.D. Video games are now the most popular form of entertainment.11. What can be the best title for the text?A. Video Gaming-An Important IndustryB. Game Console-Key to Home Video GamesC. Jerry Lawson-Father of Modern GamingD. Support and Encouragement-Necessary for SuccessDDo you ever listen to the songs that your parents like? Chances are that you don’t. You probably think the music that they like is old and boring and that the songs on your playlist are muchcooler. But scientists found that people’s music taste changes as time goes by. So it is likely that your own musical preferences will follow a similar path to your parents’, whether you like it or not.We used to think that culture and personality (个性) are the only reasons for different music choices. Butresearchers at the University of Cambridge noticed that as people enter into different age groups, their social environment changes, and so does their music taste. There are some musical periods that people go through in their life.The first period comes in the teenage years, during which people like strong music such as punk and rock, because teenagers tend to be aggressive or want to be independent.But as people move into early adulthood, their lifestyles change they want to build close relationships with others. As a result, they become fonder of contemporary music, such as pop and R&.B, which is usually uplifting and danceable.When middle age comes, most people have settled down. During this period, people prefer music, such as jazz and classical, as well as music like country, folk and blues.As for old people, they prefer old songs in their childhoods. They generally listen to relaxing music, such as country music and jazz music. But you must be questioning. “Aren’t there old people who are still interested in or even crazy about rock music?” Of course there are. But their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed. At that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youth.12. What do young people usually think of the songs their parents enjoy?A. They are actually less cool.B. They are worth listening to.C. They are especially serious.D. They are hard to understand.13. How many musical periods are there that people go through in their life?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.D. Five.14. People who want to make friends mostly prefer ________.A. jazz musicB. country musicC. rock musicD. pop music15. What is the best title for the text?A. People Have Different Opinions on MusicB. People Listen to Music for the Same ReasonC. People’s Taste in Music Changes with TimeD. People’s Lifestyle Can Be Changed by Music第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021届浦东新区高三英语一模
2021届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模试卷(完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.$20. B.$32. C.$40. D.$60.2.A.Tailor and customer. B.Hairdresser and customer.C.Husband and wife.D.Housekeeper and host.3.A.At a hospital. B.At a restaurant.C.At a handicraft shop.D.At a grocery store.4.A. The woman mistook someone else for Smith.B. The man promised to meet Smith in Shanghai.C. The lecture was given by Mr. Smith just now.D. Smith would come to attend the lecture next Friday.5.A. She will go to see the play with the man.B. She has no interest in this play.C. She will attend a wedding ceremony with her sister.6.A. The man misunderstood what the sign said.B. The man bought the cigarette for free.C. The sign allows people to smoke in the room.D. The tan annoyed the woman purposely.7.A. The slow delivery. B. The poor customer service.C. The broken parcel.D. The possible discount.8.A. He worked last night.B. He was recovering from his jet lag.C. He had some difficulty in falling asleep.D. He was knocked down by the car.9.A. The man doesn't agree with the woman's idea.B. The woman never takes the responsibility of supporting the home.C. The man suggests that the woman is lazy in house keeping.D. The woman is busy with her work so that she neglects the family.10.A. They are talking about football.B. The school soccer team has been set up.C. The man doesn't want to be a substitute.D. The woman is persuading the man to join a club.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passage and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because Jobs suffered from the cancer.B. Because Jobs himself kept quiet about that.C. Because he was not rich enough to donate money.D. Because his wife prevented the public from knowing that.12.A. The update of smartphones.B. The development of medicine.C. The building of Apple's headquarters.D. Some Tech companies in California.13.A. Mean. B. Creative. C. Charitable. D. Rich.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A.It can identify different flowers through its built-in sensors.B.It can record various smells digitally and reproduce them.C.It can make sweet smells by mixing flowers with vapour.D.It can create smells and give them off to any scene.15.A.It helps shoppers locate the right brand of perfume.B.It helps shoppers check out the perfumes before they buy.C.It helps make sure that perfumes are truly genuine.D.It can recommend right perfumes to shoppers.16.A.The device is made small enough to be easily carried.B.The device is sensitive to any smell the human nose can detectC.Smells are programmed to accompany movie scenes.D.The device has recreated the smells of fish and gasoline.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. Because he didn't have her number.B. Because he thought it was unnecessary.C. Because he wished his luggage would be found soon.D. Because he had to attend a business meeting.B. The cause of the flight's late arrival.C. The number of his luggage check.D. The description of his luggage.19.A. On the plane ticket.B. At the information desk.C. At the check-in counter.D. From the record of his flight.20.A.Missing luggage is unlikely o be found.B.There are important documents in his luggage.C.It is possible for the man to get his luggage today.D.The man thinks it is difficult to find his baggage.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21) __________ (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we’re one step closer to (22) __________ (find) an answer. Acco rding to the Kepler space telescope,about half the stars similar in temperature (23) __________ our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24) __________ (estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in anew study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) __________ (support) life. T his is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origins and future in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26) __________ worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space te lescope in 2018after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy--more planets than stars.(27) __________ this result is far from a final value, it’s extremely exciting that we calculated that these worlds are this common with such high confidence.That’s a wide range of different stars, each with (28) __________ own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water.These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) __________(powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. That’s __________ (30) the research team took a new approach.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Work is necessary to earn an income, and if you get good job (31) _________, it’s a bonus! But what can make it more worthwhile are the extra perks (工资外的补贴) that your employer offers you as a reward for your loyalty and commitment.Employee (32) _________ are commonplace these days. Traditionally, these have included a good pension and extra days off work. But when a job used to be for life, there wasn’t much incentive to try and keep staff. Now when millennials are (33) _________ a position, they want to know the benefits they’ll get on top of their pay.But these perks come at a cost to an employer, and now technology is being used to discover if and when they offer value for money. The idea aims to enable a company to tailor what it can offer to (34) _________ and retain the right staff.It seems that if used in the right way, technology can provide greater (39) _________ between an employee and the company. That can lead to a happier, healthier and (40) _________ work force. But human resources experts warn against relying solely on tech for deciding on employee benefits provision, they say.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Racial Discrimination in ScienceYou might expect that science,particularly American science, would be colour-blind. Once someone from the country’s ethnic minorities has got bench space in a laboratory, he might reasonably (41) _________ to be treated on merit (功绩) and nothing else.(42) _________, a study just published in Science by Donna Ginther of the University of Kansas suggests that is not true. Dr Ginther, who was working (43) _________ America’s National Institutes of Health (NIH), found that (44) _________ matters a lot.Moreover, it is not just a question of white supremacy. Asian and Hispanic scientists do just as well as white ones. Black scientists, (45) _________, do badly.One possible explanation is that review panels are inferring applicants’ ethnic (46) _________ from their names, or the institutions they attended as students. Consciously or not,the reviewers may then be awarding less merit to those from people with“black-sounding” names, or who were educated at universities whose students are predominantly black. Indeed, a(n) (47) _________bias has been found in those recruiting for jobs in the commercial world. One well-known study, published in 2003 by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago, found that fictitious CVs (简历) with stereo typically white names elicited 50% more (48) _________ of interviews than did CVs with black names, even when the applicants’ stated (49) _________ were identical.Another possible explanation is social (50) _________: It is in the nature of groups of experts(which is precisely what peer-review panels are) to know both each other and each other’s most promising acolytes. Applicants outside this charmed circle might have less chance of (51) _________ consideration. If the charmed circle itself were racially unrepresentative, those (52) _________ from the network because their racial group was under-represented in the first place would find it harder to break in.Though Dr Ginther’s results are (53) _________, it is to the NIH’s credit that it has published her findings. The agency is also starting a programme intended to alter the (54)_________ of the review panels to see whether excising potential racial cues from applications changes outcomes. Other agencies, and not just in America, should pay strict attention to all this, and ask themselves if they, too, are (55)_________ people of particular races. Such discrimination is not only disgraceful, but also a stupid waste of talent!41. A. expect B.cooperate C. decide D.challenge42.A. Similarly B.Evidently C.Unfortunately D. Undoubtedly43.A. in favour of B. on behalf of C. in honor of D. in the name of44.A. health B.nationality C. gender D.race45.A. however B. otherwise C. therefore D. meanwhile46.A. divisions B.customs C.origins D. designs47.A. unknown B. similar C. Obvious D. strong48.A. feedback B.types C. elements D.offers49.A. qualifications B. interviews C. names D. researches50.A. security B.status working D. order51.A. moral B. favourable C. casual D.minor52.A. excluded B. installed C. downloaded D. restored53.A. positive B.conclusive C.troubling D. encouraging54.A. position B.subject C. prospect position55. A. reminding B.employing C. informing D.failingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the comer of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.The city has been Mr Harsley's home since 1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the city's district attorney's office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New York's evolution from the 1950s to the present, “It could start with the smell of something burning/' he says of his method. "And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at the firemen going through their routine.”Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments(片段) into an extended history of the city.56. How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph?A. undervalued but expertB. gifted but exclusiveC. unknown but devotedD. gifted but awkward57. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the 1950s to the present.B. His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s.C. His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades.D. His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the past decades.58. Why does Mr. Harsley make himself "invisible"?A. To assemble the minority groups of the city.B. To highlight the lives of minority groups.C. To help promising artists attract more public attention.D. To build connections between the minority groups and himself.59. How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists?A.He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists.B. He set an organization displaying their works.C. He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones.D. He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown.(B)TROUBLESHOOTINGFor possible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123The frothed milk has large bubbles. • The milk is not cold enoughor is not semi-skimmed.• You should ideally useskimmed or semi-skimmedmilk at refrigerator temperature(about 5 °C). If the result is notas you wished, try changingbrand of milk.The milk is not frothed(起泡). • Cappuccino maker dirty.• Clean as described in thesection“Cleaning the cappuccinomaker after use”.Steam delivery stops • A safety device stops steamdelivery after 3 minutes. • Wait, then activate the steam function again.The appliance does not come on. • It is not plugged into themains socket.• The main switch(A2) is notturned on.• Plug into the mains socket• Place the main switch in the Iposition.60. If the appliance doesn't work, which of the following may be the cause?A. It has been used for many years.B. It is not plugged into the socket.C. Its temperature is too high.D. Its spouts are blocked.61. According to the table, which of the following is true?A If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar.B If coffee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again.C. coffee doesn't come out of spouts, you may check them with a toothpick.D. If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk.62. Where is the passage probably taken from?A. A coffee bean package.B. A cappuccino coffee machine booklet.C. A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement.D. A coffee machine quality report.(C)That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假设) have been put forward to explain this.One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.Mr. Talheim realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put some flesh on this theory's bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteer's place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions.63. According to the second paragraph, which statement does die author most probably agree with?A. The first hypothesis fails to justify Japan's ever-keeping collectivism as well as the second.B. The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn back to individualism.D. Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once prevailing plague, as with Japan, gives any evidence that promotes individualism.64. What does the underlined word “stagger” probably mean?B. help something to develop more strongly because it's about to collapseC. plan or organize something in advance to make it neat or attractiveD. offer something to somebody and receive something in return65. Mr. Talheim studied the Asian volunteers growing wheat in order to find out _______.A. whether growing wheat results in more sharing behavior.B. whether growing wheat leads to more prosperous communityC. whether the local crop affects the local economy positively.D. whether the local crop is related to local people's mental life.66. Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage?A. A good beginning makes a good ending.B. The grass is greener on the other side.C. As you sow, so you will reap.D. You are what you eat.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Late in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan's makeshift hospitals tor covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease. (67)______________ .Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” for people suffering from depression. (68)______________ .Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country's long-term development goals. (69)______________ . The government's “Healthy China 2030” plan，issued in 2016, called for a stronger ^mental-h ealth service system”(70)______________ . Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study's authors suggested that “rapid social change” was intensifying "psychological pressure and stress".71.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Solving the Problem of E-WasteOne of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing" according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.他处理这个问题的方法是有效的。
2020-2021学年上海市浦东新区模范中学高三英语一模试卷及答案
2020-2021学年上海市浦东新区模范中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Rechargeable Go!☑The digital sound processing chip(芯片) provides clear sound and makes speech easier to understand with less whistling sound☑Never replace batteries again!Full Charge Gives 16 Hours of Use! (Free Charging Station Included)☑Easy On/ Off Button☑Automatic Noise Reduction and Feedback Canceler☑100% Money Back Guarantee5 Star Reviews☑☑☑☑☑Amazing!"My sisters had all given up hope that our elderly mother would hear us clearly again. And then we took a chance. We're so glad we did. They've been amazing for her, and for our entire family."-Karen M.The new HearClear GO Rechargeable Digital Hearing Aids feature advanced digital technology at an unbelievably affordable price! The GO has the same key elements that all high-end digital hearing aids share while leaving out fancy bells and whistles that increase cost and require expensive adjustments. You'll be happier saving much money!Your lightweight GO hearing aids are amazingly convenient! With the GO'S charging station, you won't have to keep replacing tiny hearing aid batteries, and the GO is pre-programmed for most mild to moderate hearing loss-no costly professional adjustments needed.You can spend thousands on an expensive hearing aid, or you can spend just $ 239 on a hearing aid that's great for most mild to moderate hearing loss (only $ 199 each when you buy a pair). We're so sure you'll be happy with your new hearing aids.1. Which is the feature of the GO?A. It removes noises.B. It has separate on/ off buttons.C. It includes small batteries.D. It focuses on practical functions.2. Why does the author refer to Karen?A. To prove the GO's popularity.B. To explain the GO'S function.C. To convey the family's amazement.D. To show the GO'S high performance.3. How much do you pay for a pair of the GO?A. $ 199.B. $ 239.C. $ 398.D. $ 478.BHave you ever imagined that your simple T-shirt could cool you down by up to5☑on these hot summer days? Thanks to a recent discovery, the possibility is getting closer. While there are many alternatives that manage to keep the body warm, this amazing invention aims to offer real relief for those who are eager to feel comfortable and fresh in the outdoors on extremely hot days.Its inventors, engineers Ma Yaoguang of Zhejiang University and Tao Guangming of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China, look a completely innovative approach. They designed a special textile dial can absorb body heat and re-emit its energy into space as mid-infrared radiation (MIR). This textile cools both the objects and their surroundings through a technique that is known as radiative cooling, Science reveals. This means that even when it looks like you are wearing a regular shirt, you are actually wearing a device that works like a mirror.Research conducted at Stanford University in 2017 had already managed to cool the wearer by 3☑, but this previous trial was limited. So researchers still need to test the new approach to determine how effectively the new fabric cools while the wearers are standing or walking, and not directly facing the sky, like in their trials. They also need to examine and measure how well it works when T-shirts are not in close contact with the skin.Inventors Yaoguang and Guangming are now looking out for textile manufacturers and clothing brands that are interested in using their fabric. They estimate that the new material will increase clothing manufacturing costs by just 10 percent. “We can make it with mass production which means everybody can get a T-shirt and the cost is basically the same as theirs,” old Yaoguang said.So if you are an athlete or simply someone that has to deal with the extremely high temperatures, be patientbecause your days of feeling hot and bothered may be corning to an end!4. What is the purpose of the new invention?A. To warm up people's body.B. To cool people off in hot weather.C. To detect the wearers' temperature.D. To protect clothes from becoming wet.5. How does the special product work?A. By turning sunlight into energy.B. By sending out absorbed heat.C. By keeping heat out completely.D. By using light color1 s to reflect sunlight.6. What is the main idea of paragraph 3?A. The invention needs further testing.B. The previous studies lack evidence.C. The new fabric has a good cooling effect.D. The new fabric applies to various situations.7. The invention of the T-shirt may hean example of ________.A. barking up the wrong treeB. robbing Peter to pay PaulC. killing two birds with one stoneD. pulling the cart before the horseCLas Vegascity inNevadais built in a desert. The city may be known to the outside world for its partying. But officials have found that there are 21 square kilometers of useless grass. The grass is never laid on, played on or even stepped on. The grass is only there to look nice.Now, the city is asking theNevadastate legislature to ban useless grass. It is trying to become the first place inAmericato ban that kind of grass often seen between streets, in housing developments and in office parks.It is estimated that useless grass makes up 40% of all the grass inLas Vegasand it needs a lot of water to survive. Grass needs four times more water than dry climate plants like cactus. By tearing out the grass, the city could reduce yearly water usage by 15%.In 2003, the Southern Nevada Water Authority banned developers from planting grass in front of new homes. It also offered homeowners $ 30 for each square meter of grass they tear out. But fewer people are now using the program. Water usage has increased in southernNevadaby 9% since 2019. And last year,Las Vegaswent a record 240 days without major rainfall. The Colorado River provides much ofNevada's drinking water. The river could lose more water as climate change affects it.Water officials in other dry cities said water usage needs to be reduced. But they fear the reaction to reforms like the ones inLas Vegasif their communities do not accept them. Cynthia Campbell is the water resources adviser for the city ofPhoenixinArizona. “There might come a point when city restrictions get too severe for someresidents. They'll say that is the point of no return for them,”Campbellsaid. “For some people, it's a pool. For some people, it's grass.”8. Why doesLas Vegascity try to ban useless grass?A. To protect the local people.B. To beautify the city.C. To reduce water usage.D. To reduce waste.9. What program was carried out inLas Vegasin 2003?A. Allowing planting grass before new houses.B. Encouraging the residents to tear out grass.C. Praising those who signed on the program.D. Awarding those who reduced water usage.10. What is implied inCampbell's words in the last paragraph?A. Many residents won't follow the ban.B. Reaction to the reform will vary personally.C. Other measures should be taken to protect wetter.D. Water officials should take many factors into account.11. What is the best title for the text?s VegasPlans to Ban Useless GrassB. A Method Is Adopted to SaveLas VegasC. Choices between Beauty and PracticeD. Grass Is Important but Useless inLas VegasDA North Atlantic right whale calf(幼崽) was discovered dead on the beach of an island off North Carolina. The male newborn was found on North Core Banks, part of the Cape Lookout National Seashore. The reports indicate that the animal died during birth or shortly after, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA). Scientists took DNA to determine the calf’s mother.This is the beginning of the right whale’s reproduction(繁殖) season, which begins mid-November and runs through mid-April. NOAA called this death a disastrous start to the season. Each new right whale calf brings so much hope for this badly endangered animals, and losses like this have a great impact on their recovery, NOAA said.The right whale is one of the rarest marine mammals(哺乳动物) in the world, according to NOAA. They willsoon be extinct unless something is done to save it, researchers warn. This kind of whale has been experiencing an Unusual Death Event over the past three years, according to NOAA. Since 2017, at least 32 dead and 13 seriously wounded whales have been documented by the organization. “This means more than 10 percent of the remaining population,” according to NOAA.NOAA posted a piece of news on Monday, the same day they announced the calf’s death, warning boaters to be watchful as the whales are migrating(迁徙) nearly 1,000 miles along the Atlantic Coast. The organization calls for boaters to be watchful, slow down and to give these endangered whales plenty of room. They also ask all fishermen to remove their unused nets from the ocean to help avoid possibledamage.12. Why did scientists take DNA of the calf?A. To save its mother.B. To confirm its identity.C. To determine the time of its death.D. To uncover the cause of its death.13. How many right whales are left according to the passage?A. About 40.B. About 50.C. About 400.D. About 500.14. What do we know aboutNorth Atlanticright whales?A. Their reproduction season usually last about half a year.B. They are the rarest marine mammals in the world.C. They are experiencing a high death rate of newborns.D. Their habitat runs nearly 1,000 miles along the coast.15. What’s the main purpose of the news posted on Monday?A. To announce the calf’s unusual death.B. To remind boaters to watch the whales.C. To protect the boats against the whales.D. To assist the whales’ seasonal migration.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷(含答案)
上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷(完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conver sations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.$20. B.$32. C.$40. D.$60.2.A.Tailor and customer. B.Hairdresser and customer.C.Husband and wife.D.Housekeeper and host.3.A.At a hospital. B.At a restaurant.C.At a handicraft shop.D.At a grocery store.4.A. The woman mistook someone else for Smith.B. The man promised to meet Smith in Shanghai.C. The lecture was given by Mr. Smith just now.D. Smith would come to attend the lecture next Friday.5.A. She will go to see the play with the man.B. She has no interest in this play.C. She will attend a wedding ceremony with her sister.D. She has no time to keep the man company.6.A. The man misunderstood what the sign said.B. The man bought the cigarette for free.C. The sign allows people to smoke in the room.D. The tan annoyed the woman purposely.7.A. The slow delivery. B. The poor customer service.C. The broken parcel.D. The possible discount.8.A. He worked last night.B. He was recovering from his jet lag.C. He had some difficulty in falling asleep.D. He was knocked down by the car.9.A. The man doesn't agree with the woman's idea.B. The woman never takes the responsibility of supporting the home.C. The man suggests that the woman is lazy in house keeping.D. The woman is busy with her work so that she neglects the family.10.A. They are talking about football.B. The school soccer team has been set up.C. The man doesn't want to be a substitute.D. The woman is persuading the man to join a club.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passage and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because Jobs suffered from the cancer.B. Because Jobs himself kept quiet about that.C. Because he was not rich enough to donate money.D. Because his wife prevented the public from knowing that.12.A. The update of smartphones.B. The development of medicine.C. The building of Apple's headquarters.D. Some Tech companies in California.13.A. Mean. B. Creative. C. Charitable. D. Rich. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A.It can identify different flowers through its built-in sensors.B.It can record various smells digitally and reproduce them.C.It can make sweet smells by mixing flowers with vapour.D.It can create smells and give them off to any scene.15.A.It helps shoppers locate the right brand of perfume.B.It helps shoppers check out the perfumes before they buy.C.It helps make sure that perfumes are truly genuine.D.It can recommend right perfumes to shoppers.16.A.The device is made small enough to be easily carried.B.The device is sensitive to any smell the human nose can detectC.Smells are programmed to accompany movie scenes.D.The device has recreated the smells of fish and gasoline.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. Because he didn't have her number.B. Because he thought it was unnecessary.C. Because he wished his luggage would be found soon.D. Because he had to attend a business meeting.18.A. His flight number and arrival time.B. The cause of the flight's late arrival.C. The number of his luggage check.D. The description of his luggage.19.A. On the plane ticket.B. At the information desk.C. At the check-in counter.D. From the record of his flight.20.A.Missing luggage is unlikely o be found.B.There are important documents in his luggage.C.It is possible for the man to get his luggage today.D.The man thinks it is difficult to find his baggage.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21) __________ (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we’re one step closer to (22) __________ (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope,about half the stars similar in temperature (23) __________ our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24) __________ (estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in anew study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) __________ (support) life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origins and future in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26) __________ worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space telescope in 2018after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy--more planets than stars.(27) __________ this result is far from a final value, it’s extremely exciting that we c alculated that these worlds are this common with such high confidence.That’s a wide range of different stars, each with (28) __________ own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water.These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) __________(powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. That’s __________ (30) the research team took a new approach.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. benefitsB.attractC. engagementD. trackE.measuringF. committedG.promoting H.rewards I. motivated J. seeking K.satisfactionWork is necessary to earn an income, and if you get good job (31) _________, it’s a bonus! But what can make it more worthwhile are the extra perks (工资外的补贴) that your employer offers you as a reward for your loyalty and commitment.Employee (32) _________ are commonplace these days. Traditionally, these have included a good pension and extra days off work. But when a job used to be for life, there wasn’t much incentive to try and keep staff. Now when millennials are (33) _________ a position, they want to know the benefits they’ll get on top of their pay.But these perks come at a cost to an employer, and now technology is being used to discover if and when they offer value for money. The idea aims to enable a company to tailor what it can offer to (34) _________ and retain the right staff.As an example, at merchant bank, Close Brothers, AI has been used to develop chatbots that can help employees to find information on subjects ranging from mental health to saving for retirement at any time. And Microsoft has developed software to help businesses (35)_________ their employee’s well-being needs. Anna Rasmussen, founder of Open Blend, told the BBC “It shows companies what their employees need to stay (36) _________ and reach their full potential in real-time.” Insurance company Vitality offer wearable technology to track employees’ movements.Staff can earn ‘(37) _________’ by having their activity tracked. A study found that by (38)_________ participant’s performance, they did the equivalent of 4.8 extra days of activity per month.It seems that if used in the right way, technology can provide greater (39) _________ between an employee and the company. That can lead to a happier, healthier and (40) _________ work force. But human resources experts warn against relying solely on tech for deciding on employee benefits provision, they say.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Racial Discrimination in ScienceYou might expect that science,particularly American science, would be colour-blind. Once someone from the country’s ethnic minorities has got bench space in a laboratory, he might reasonably (41) _________ to be treated on merit (功绩) and nothing else.(42) _________, a study just published in Science by Donna Ginther of the University of Kansas sugges ts that is not true. Dr Ginther, who was working (43) _________ America’s National Institutes of Health (NIH), found that (44) _________ matters a lot.Moreover, it is not just a question of white supremacy. Asian and Hispanic scientists do just as well as white ones. Black scientists, (45) _________, do badly.One possible explanation is that review panels are inferring applicants’ ethnic (46) _________ from their names, or the institutions they attended as students. Consciously or not,the reviewers may then be awarding less merit to those from people with“black-sounding” names, or who we re educated at universities whose students are predominantly black. Indeed, a(n) (47) _________bias has been found in those recruiting for jobs in the commercial world. One well-known study, published in 2003 by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago, found that fictitious CVs (简历) with stereo typically white names elicited 50% more (48) _________ of interviews than did CVs with black names, even when the applicants’ stated (49) _________ were identical.Another possible explanation is social (50) _________: It is in the nature of groups of experts(which isprecisely what peer-review panels are) to know both each other and each o ther’s most promising acolytes. Applicants outside this charmed circle might have less chance of (51) _________ consideration. If the charmed circle itself were racially unrepresentative, those (52) _________ from the network because their racial group was under-represented in the first place would find it harder to break in.Though Dr Ginther’s results are (53) _________, it is to the NIH’s credit that it has published her findings. The agency is also starting a programme intended to alter the (54)_________ of the review panels to see whether excising potential racial cues from applications changes outcomes. Other agencies, and not just in America, should pay strict attention to all this, and ask themselves if they, too, are (55)_________ people of particular races. Such discrimination is not only disgraceful, but also a stupid waste of talent!41. A. expect B.cooperate C. decide D.challenge42.A. Similarly B.Evidently C.Unfortunately D. Undoubtedly43.A. in favour of B. on behalf of C. in honor of D. in the name of44.A. health B.nationality C. gender D.race45.A. however B. otherwise C. therefore D. meanwhile46.A. divisions B.customs C.origins D. designs47.A. unknown B. similar C. Obvious D. strong48.A. feedback B.types C. elements D.offers49.A. qualifications B. interviews C. names D. researches50.A. security B.status working D. order51.A. moral B. favourable C. casual D.minor52.A. excluded B. installed C. downloaded D. restored53.A. positive B.conclusive C.troubling D. encouraging54.A. position B.subject C. prospect position55. A. reminding B.employing C. informing D.failingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the comer of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.The city has been Mr Harsley's home since 1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the city's district attorney's office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New York's evolution from the 1950s to the present, “It could start with the smell of someth ing burning/' he says of his method. "And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at the firemen going through their routine.”Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments(片段) into an extended history of the city.Mr. Harsley's gallery is a time capsule. For decades, it is also a hub for the city's artistic underworld. In the 1970s New York's photography scene was flourishing, but exclusive. As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a numb er of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there.56. How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph?A. undervalued but expertB. gifted but exclusiveC. unknown but devotedD. gifted but awkward57. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the 1950s to the present.B. His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s.C. His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades.D. His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the past decades.58. Why does Mr. Harsley make himself "invisible"?A. To assemble the minority groups of the city.B. To highlight the lives of minority groups.C. To help promising artists attract more public attention.D. To build connections between the minority groups and himself.59. How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists?A.He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists.B. He set an organization displaying their works.C. He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones.D. He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown.(B)TROUBLESHOOTINGFor possible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-123 PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE SOLUTIONThe coffee is not hot. • The cups were not preheated. • Warm the cups by rinsing themwith hot water (N.B. you can usethe hot water function).Coffee does not come out ofthe spouts.• The spouts are blocked. • Clean the spouts wi th a toothpick.The coffee does not come out of the spouts, but from around the service door. • The holes in the spouts areclogged with dry coffee dust.• The coffee guide in side theservice door is blocked and cannotswing.• Clean the spouts with a t oothpick,sponge or hard bristled kitchenbrush.•Thoroughly clean the coffeeguide,particularly near the hinges.The frothed milk has large bubbles. • The milk is not cold en ough or isnot semi-skimmed.• You should ideally use skimmedor semi-skimmed milk atrefrigerator temperature (about5 °C). If the result is not as youwished, try changing brand of milk.The milk is not frothed(起泡). • Cappuccino maker dirty.• Clean as described in the section“Cleaning the cappuccino makerafter use”.Steam delivery stops • A safety device stops steamdelivery after 3 minutes. • Wait, then activate the steam function again.The appliance does not come on. • It is not plugged into the mainssocket.• The main switch(A2) is notturned on.• Plug into the main s socket• Place the main switch in the Iposition.60. If the appliance doesn't work, which of the following may be the cause?A. It has been used for many years.B. It is not plugged into the socket.C. Its temperature is too high.D. Its spouts are blocked.61. According to the table, which of the following is true?A If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar.B If coffee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again.C. coffee doesn't come out of spouts, you may check them with a toothpick.D. If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk.62. Where is the passage probably taken from?A. A coffee bean package.B. A cappuccino coffee machine booklet.C. A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement.D. A coffee machine quality report.(C)That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假设) have been put forward to explain this.One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.That led Thomas Talheim of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to look into a third suggestion: that the crucial difference is agricultural. The basic West crop is wheat; the East's rice. Before the mechanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to spend twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat. To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which let neighbors stagger their farms' schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods. Since, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would dominate a society's culture and behaviour, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives.Mr. Talheim realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put some flesh on this theory's bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteer's place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions.Undoubtedly, Talheim's hypothesis has pointed to a direction worth further exploration. Viewing the message from modernized countries such as Japan, Korea and Singapore, which still hold on to collectivism, perhaps we can say: Asian values-with their principles of mutual support and collective action-are only "Asian" because back in ancient times, farmers in many parts of that continent found rice a more suitable crop to grow than wheat.63. According to the second paragraph, which statement does die author most probably agree with?A. The first hypothesis fails to justify Japan's ever-keeping collectivism as well as the second.B. The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn back to individualism.C. Modernized Japan stays close to collectivism as firmly as Europe maintains individualism in the times of plague.D. Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once prevailing plague, as with Japan, gives any evidence that promotes individualism.64. What does the underlined word “stagger” probably mean?A. arrange events so that they do not happen at the same timeB. help something to develop more strongly because it's about to collapseC. plan or organize something in advance to make it neat or attractiveD. offer something to somebody and receive something in return65. Mr. Talheim studied the Asian volunteers growing wheat in order to find out _______.A. whether growing wheat results in more sharing behavior.B. whether growing wheat leads to more prosperous communityC. whether the local crop affects the local economy positively.D. whether the local crop is related to local people's mental life.66. Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage?A. A good beginning makes a good ending.B. The grass is greener on the other side.C. As you sow, so you will reap.D. You are what you eat.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. She says this may be because shame still surrounds those who seek help from mental-health professionals.B. A mental-health law, passed in 2012, advised against the previously common practice of confining people in psychiatric wards against their will.C. Its members provide psychological support for nearly 30 people who lost loved ones to the virus.D. She worries many people won't seek help though losing loved ones causes lasting mental pain.E. Their efforts have enjoyed backing from the government, which has issued many instructions toguide the mental-health response to the disease.F. These days many Chinese recognize that mental-health problems are common.Late in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan's makeshift hospitals tor covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease. (67)______________ .Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” f or people suffering from depression. (68)______________ .Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country's long-term development goals. (69)______________ . The government's “Healthy China 2030” plan，issued in 2016, called for a stronger ^mental-h ealth service system”(70)______________ . Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study's authors suggested that “rapid social change” was intensifying "psychological pressure and stress".At the same time, mental-health counseling has become more widely available, particularly for those willing to pay for private treatment.71.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Solving the Problem of E-WasteOne of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing" according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.他处理这个问题的方法是有效的。
上海市浦东新区2020-2022届(三年)高三一模英语试题分类汇编：语法填空(含答案)
上海市浦东新区2020-2022届（三年）高三一模英语试题分类汇编语法填空上海市浦东新区2022届高三一模英语试卷Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Children's Fine Motor SkillsUsing a fork to eat, zipping up a sweatshirt and turning a doorknob are all things most people do without thinking, but children spend their early years developing and refining these abilities. They are known as fine motor skills, ____21____ the small muscles of the hands with adequate strength, dexterity (灵巧) and coordination (协调) to grasp and control objects and used. It is firmly believed ____22____ later, fine motor skills do help children to succeed in school.____23____ are also important in day-to-day life.____24____ (watch) a baby use their uncoordinated arms and legs might be adorable, but these early reactions are practice for the fine motor skills they'll eventually develop. ____25____ Stephanie Reich, a professor of the University of California, toddlers need to increase the coordination of fine movements in the preschool years. ____26____ children grow older, these fine motor skills will improve and become more complex. For example, a 4-year-old may hold a crayon with their fist, using their whole hand to draw. But five-year-olds can start using a pencil between the first and middle fingers and thumb, as adults can.The elementary school years and beyond see ____27____ (advanced) fine motor skills, such as when children learn to tie shoes between 5 and 6 years old. At about age 7, ____28____ (improve) performance can be amazingly witnessed. However, every child develops at their own pace. If a single milestone, such as using eating utensils (餐具), ____29____ (delay), it isn't necessarily cause for concern.In fact, when working on fine motor skills in the classroom, short lessons provide the most benefit for learning,. Play-based learning is also one of the strategies that are preferred. Teachers may also use hand-eye coordination - the ability of a child's eyes ____30____ (control) their hands and fingers - to work with children to improve fine motor skills. Using computers, especially a keyboard and mouse, also helps younger children with fine motor skills.上海市浦东新区2021届高三一模英语试卷Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21) __________ (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we’re one step closer to (22) __________ (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope,about half the stars similar in temperature (23) __________ our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24) __________ (estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in anew study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) __________ (support) life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origins and future in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26) __________ worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space telescope in 2018after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy--more planets than stars.(27) __________ this result is far from a final value, it’s extremely exciting that we calculated that these worlds are this common with such high confidence.That’s a wide range of different stars, each with (28) __________ own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water.These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) __________(powerful) telesco pes can just barely detect these small planets. That’s (30)__________ the research team took a new approach.上海市浦东新区2020届高三一模英语试卷A New Hero is Here to Save the DayIt’s thought that when a hero like Batman is blessed with great power, he or she must endure loneliness and suffering as a result. The Flash(闪电侠), however, makes a fun, lightning-quick and optimistic superhero. After the wild success of TV series Arrow, a TV network launched The Flash, (21) (show) the image of this Superhero, who was only a supporting character in Arrow.Like Spiderman, who gained the ability to make webs and climb walls after he(22) (bite) by a spider, Barry Allen in The Flash was shocked into superhero-status by accident. A strike from a lightning put Allen into a nine-month unconscious state, and when he emerged, he found himself (23) (equip) with super speed.Naturally, Allen slips on a colorful suit and becomes the Flash, a hero (24) ______extreme speed to fight super-powered bad guys. But the Flash also has other purposes, namely finding out the truth behind his mother’s death and his father’s unjust imprisonment.In line with superhero series standards, The Flash features action and eye-popping special effects. There’s nothing terribly innovative here, but (25)______we do get is a unique superhero with a more unusual personality. (26)______ Allen has gone through unpleasant childhood experience, in this show he grows into a superhero (27) ______powers include optimism. He’s got a group of scientists that not only save his life, but also provide him with emotional support and the tools necessary (28) _______ (fight) crime.A big surprise for me was that The Flash cast Prison Break star Wentworth Miller as a bad character, who uses a gun that (29) ______turn anything into ice. US shows began their entrance into the Chinese market with Friends, but Prison Break pushed interest in US TV series to a new height largely thanks to Miller’s wonderful acting. Now Miller’s back to act in The Flash.(30)______ is a nice surprise that this new show serves as a platform for Prison Break fans to revisit their old favorite, although this time around he’s an antagonist(反派角色).答案：上海市浦东新区2022届高三一模英语试卷【答案】21. where22. that 23. They24. Watching25. According to26. As 27. more advanced28. improved29. is delayed30. to control【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。
2021届浦东新区高三英语一模
2021届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模试卷（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.$20. B.$32.2.A.Tailor and customer.C.Husband and wife.3.A.At a hospital.C.At a handicraft shop. C.$40.D.$60. B.Hairdresser and customer.D.Housekeeper and host. B.At a restaurant.D.At a grocery store.4.A. The woman mistook someone else for Smith.B.The man promised to meet Smith in Shanghai.C.The lecture was given by Mr. Smith just now.D.Smith would come to attend the lecture next Friday.5.A. She will go to see the play with the man.B.She has no interest in this play.C.She will attend a wedding ceremony with her sister.6.A. The man misunderstood what the sign said.B.The man bought the cigarette for free.C.The sign allows people to smoke in the room.D.The tan annoyed the woman purposely.7.A. The slow delivery. B. The poor customer service.C. The broken parcel.D. The possible discount.8.A. He worked last night.B.He was recovering from his jet lag.C.He had some difficulty in falling asleep.D.He was knocked down by the car.9.A. The man doesn't agree with the woman's idea.B.The woman never takes the responsibility of supporting the home.C.The man suggests that the woman is lazy in house keeping.D.The woman is busy with her work so that she neglects the family.10.A. They are talking about football.B.The school soccer team has been set up.C.The man doesn't want to be a substitute.D.The woman is persuading the man to join a club.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passage and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following pass.a ge11.A. Because Jobs suffered from the cancer.B.Because Jobs himself kept quiet about that.C.Because he was not rich enough to donate money.D.Because his wife prevented the public from knowing that.12.A. The update of smartphones.B.The development of medicine.C.The building of Apple's headquarters.D.Some Tech companies in California.13.A. Mean. B. Creative. C. Charitable. D. Rich.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A.It can identify different flowers through its built-in sensors.B.It can record various smells digitally and reproduce them.C.It can make sweet smells by mixing flowers with vapour.D.It can create smells and give them off to any scene.15.A.It helps shoppers locate the right brand of perfume.B.It helps shoppers check out the perfumes before they buy.C.It helps make sure that perfumes are truly genuine.D.It can recommend right perfumes to shoppers.16.A.The device is made small enough to be easily carried.B.The device is sensitive to any smell the human nose can detectC.Smells are programmed to accompany movie scenes.D.The device has recreated the smells of fish and gasoline.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. Because he didn't have her number.B.Because he thought it was unnecessary.C.Because he wished his luggage would be found soon.D.Because he had to attend a business meeting.B.The cause of the flight's late arrival.C.The number of his luggage check.D.The description of his luggage.19.A. On the plane ticket.B.At the information desk.C.At the check-in counter.D.From the record of his flight.20.A.Missing luggage is unlikely o be found.B.There are important documents in his luggage.C.It is possible for the man to get his luggage today.D.The man thinks it is difficult to find his baggage.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21)(wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we're one step closer to (22)(find) an answer. Acco rding to the Kepler space telescope,about half the stars similar in temperature (23)our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24)(estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in anew study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) (support) life. T his is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life's origins andfuture in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26)worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space te lescope in 2018after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope's observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy--more planets than stars.(27)this result is far from a final value, it,s extremely exciting that we calculated that theseworlds are this common with such high confidence.That,s a wide range of different stars, each with (28)own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water.These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) (powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. That,s (30) the research team took a new approach.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.bonus! But what can make it more worthwhile are the extra perks (工资夕卜的补贝占)that your employer offers you as a reward for your loyalty and commitment.Employee (32)are commonplace these days. Traditionally, these have included a good pension and extra days off work. But when a job used to be for life, there wasn,t much incentive to try and keep staff. Now when millennials are (33) a position, they want to know the benefits they,ll get on top of their pay.But these perks come at a cost to an employer, and now technology is being used to discover if and when they offer value for money. The idea aims to enable a company to tailor what it can offer to (34)and retain the right staff.It seems that if used in the right way, technology can provide greater (39) between an employee and the company. That can lead to a happier, healthier and (40)work force. But human resources experts warn against relying solely on tech for deciding on employee benefits provision, they say.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C andD. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Racial Discrimination in ScienceYou might expect that science,particularly American science, would be colour-blind. Once someone from the country’s ethnic minorities has got bench space in a laboratory, he might reasonably (41)to be treated on merit功绩)and nothing else.(42) _________ , a study just published in Science by Donna Ginther of the University of Kansas suggests that is not true. Dr Ginther, who was working (43) ____________ America’s National Institutes of Health (NIH), found that (44) _____________ matters a lot.Moreover, it isnot just a question of white supremacy. Asian and Hispanic scientists do just as well as white ones. Black scientists, (45) ___________________ , do badly.One possible explanation is that review panels are inferring applicants’ ethnic (46) from their names, or the institutions they attended as students. Consciously or not,the reviewers may then be awarding less merit to those from people with“black-sounding” names, or who were educated at universities whose students are predominantly black. Indeed, a(n) (47) bias has been found in those recruiting for jobs in the commercial world.One well-known study, published in 2003 by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago, found that fictitious CVs (简历) with stereo typically white names elicited 50% more (48) ______________________________ of interviews than did CVs with black names, even when the applicants’ sta ted (49) ________ were identical.Another possible explanation is social (50) ____________ : It is in the nature of groups of experts(which is precisely what peer-review panels are) to know both each other and each other’s most promising acolytes. Applicants outside this charmed circle might have less chance of (51) consideration. If the charmed circle itself were raciallyunrepresentative, those (52) ___________ from the network because their racial group wasunder-represented in the first place would find it harder to break in.Thou gh Dr Ginther’s results are (53) __________ , it is to the NIH’s credit that it has published her findings. The agency is also starting a programme intended to alter the (54) of the review panels to see whether excising potential racial cues fromapplications changes outcomes. Other agencies, and not just in America, should pay strict attention toall this, and ask themselves if they, too, are (55) _______________________ people of particular races. Such discrimination is not only disgraceful, but also a stupid waste of talent!41. A. expect B.cooperate C. decide D.challenge42.A. Similarly B.Evidently C.Unfortunately D. Undoubtedly43.A. in favour of B. on behalf of C. in honor of D. in the name of44.A. health B.nationality C. gender D.race45.A. however B. otherwise C. therefore D. meanwhile46.A. divisions B.customs C.origins D. designs47.A. unknown B. similar C. Obvious D. strong48.A. feedback B.types C. elements D.offers49.A. qualifications B. interviews C. names D. researches50.A. security B.status working D. order51.A. moral B. favourable C. casual D.minor52.A. excluded B. installed C. downloaded D. restored53.A. positive B.conclusive C.troubling D. encouraging54.A. position B.subject C. prospect position55. A. reminding B.employing C. informing D.failingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the comer of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.The city has been Mr Harsley's home since 1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the city's district attorney's office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New York's evolution from the 1950s to the present, “It could start with the smell of something burning/' he says of his method."And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at the firemen going through their routine.”Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments片段)into an extended history of the city.56.How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph?A.undervalued but expertB.gifted but exclusiveC.unknown but devotedD.gifted but awkward57.What does the underlined sentence mean?A.His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the 1950s to the present.B.His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s.C.His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades.D.His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the past decades.58.Why does Mr. Harsley make himself "invisible"?A.To assemble the minority groups of the city.B.To highlight the lives of minority groups.C.To help promising artists attract more public attention.D.To build connections between the minority groups and himself.59.How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists?A.He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists.B.He set an organization displaying their works.C.He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones.D.He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown.(B)TROUBLESHOOTINGFor possible malfunctions as described below, please contact Customer Services at 1-800-2020-12360.If the appliance doesn't work, which of the following may be the cause?A.It has been used for many years.B.It is not plugged into the socket.C.Its temperature is too high.D.Its spouts are blocked.61.According to the table, which of the following is true?A If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar.B If coffee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again.C.coffee doesn't come out of spouts, you may check them with a toothpick.D.If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk.62.Where is the passage probably taken from?A. A coffee bean package.B. A cappuccino coffee machine booklet.C.A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement.D. A coffee machine quality report.(C)That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假设) have been put forward to explain this.One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.Mr. Talheim realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put some flesh on this theory's bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteer's place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions.63.According to the second paragraph, which statement does die author most probably agree with?A. The first hypothesis fails to justify Japan's ever-keeping collectivism as well as the second.B. The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn back to individualism.D. Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once prevailing plague, as with Japan, gives any evidence that promotes individualism.64.What does the underlined word “stagger” probably mean?B.help something to develop more strongly because it's about to collapseC.plan or organize something in advance to make it neat or attractiveD.offer something to somebody and receive something in return65.Mr. Talheim studied the Asian volunteers growing wheat in order to find out ___________ .A.whether growing wheat results in more sharing behavior.B.whether growing wheat leads to more prosperous communityC.whether the local crop affects the local economy positively.D.whether the local crop is related to local people's mental life.66.Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage?A. A good beginning makes a good ending.B.The grass is greener on the other side.C.As you sow, so you will reap.D.You are what you eat.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan's makeshift hospitals tor covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones becauseof the disease. (67) ________________________________________________________ .Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psychological hotlines” for people suffering from depression. (68) ___________________________________ .Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country's long-term development goals. (69) ________________________ . The government's “Healthy China 2030” plan，issued in 2016, called for a stronger A mental-dalth service system”(70) _____________ . Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese,in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study's authors suggested that “rapid social change” was intensifying "psychological pressure and stress".70.1V. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Solving the Problem of E-WasteOne of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experimentat the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing" according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.他处理这个问题的方法是有效的。
上海高三英语2021浦东一模
2021届上海市浦东新区高三英语一模试卷(完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.$20. B.$32. C.$40. D.$60.2.A.Tailor and customer. B.Hairdresser and customer.C.Husband and wife.D.Housekeeper and host.3.A.At a hospital. B.At a restaurant.C.At a handicraft shop.D.At a grocery store.4.A. The woman mistook someone else for Smith.B. The man promised to meet Smith in Shanghai.C. The lecture was given by Mr. Smith just now.D. Smith would come to attend the lecture next Friday.5.A. She will go to see the play with the man.B. She has no interest in this play.C. She will attend a wedding ceremony with her sister.D. She has no time to keep the man company.6.A. The man misunderstood what the sign said.B. The man bought the cigarette for free.C. The sign allows people to smoke in the room.D. The man annoyed the woman purposely.7.A. The slow delivery. B. The poor customer service.C. The broken parcel.D. The possible discount.8.A. He worked last night.B. He was recovering from his jet lag.C. He had some difficulty in falling asleep.D. He was knocked down by the car.9.A. The man doesn't agree with the woman's idea.B. The woman never takes the responsibility of supporting the home.C. The man suggests that the woman is lazy in house keeping.D. The woman is busy with her work so that she neglects the family.10.A. They are talking about football.B. The school soccer team has been set up.C. The man doesn't want to be a substitute.D. The woman is persuading the man to join a club.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passage and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passage and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. Because Jobs suffered from the cancer.B. Because Jobs himself kept quiet about that.C. Because he was not rich enough to donate money.D. Because his wife prevented the public from knowing that.12.A. The update of smartphones.B. The development of medicine.C. The building of Apple's headquarters.D. Some Tech companies in California.13.A. Mean. B. Creative. C. Charitable. D. Rich.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A.It can identify different flowers through its built-in sensors.B.It can record various smells digitally and reproduce them.C.It can make sweet smells by mixing flowers with vapour.D.It can create smells and give them off to any scene.15.A.It helps shoppers locate the right brand of perfume.B.It helps shoppers check out the perfumes before they buy.C.It helps make sure that perfumes are truly genuine.D.It can recommend right perfumes to shoppers.16.A.The device is made small enough to be easily carried.B.The device is sensitive to any smell the human nose can detectC.Smells are programmed to accompany movie scenes.D.The device has recreated the smells of fish and gasoline.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17.A. Because he didn't have her number.B. Because he thought it was unnecessary.C. Because he wished his luggage would be found soon.D. Because he had to attend a business meeting.18.A. His flight number and arrival time.B. The cause of the flight's late arrival.C. The number of his luggage check.D. The description of his luggage.19.A. On the plane ticket. B. At the information desk.C. At the check-in counter.D. From the record of his flight.20.A.Missing luggage is unlikely o be found.B.There are important documents in his luggage.C.It is possible for the man to get his luggage today.D.The man thinks it is difficult to find his baggage.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Since astronomers confirmed the presence of planets beyond our solar system, called exoplanets, humans (21) __________ (wonder) how many could harbor life.Now, we’re one step closer to (22) __________ (find) an answer. According to the Kepler space telescope,about half the stars similar in temperature (23) __________ our Sun could have a rocky planet capable of supporting liquid water on its surface.Our galaxy holds at least an (24) __________ (estimate) 300 million of these potentially habitable worlds, based on even the most conservative interpretation of the results in anew study to be published in The Astronomical Journal.This research helps us understand the potential for these planets (25) __________ (support) life. This is an essential part of astrobiology, the study of life’s origins and future in our universe.The study is authored by NASA scientists (26) __________ worked on the Kepler mission alongside collaborators from around the world. NASA retired the space telescope in 2018after it ran out of fuel. Nine years of the telescope’s observations revealed that there are billions of planets in our galaxy--more planets than stars.(27) __________ this result is far from a final value, it’s extremely excitin g that we calculated that these worlds are this common with such high confidence.There’s a wide range of different stars, each with (28) __________ own particular properties impacting whether the rocky planets in its orbit are capable of supporting liquid water. These complexities are partly why it is so difficult to calculate how many potentially habitable planets are out there, especially when even our (29) __________(powerful) telescopes can just barely detect these small planets. That’s __________ (30) the research team took a new approach.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. benefitsB.attractC. engagementD. trackE.measuringF. committedG.promoting H.rewards I. motivated J. seeking K.satisfactionWork is necessary to earn an income, and if you get good job (31) _________, it’s a bonus! But what can make it more worthwhile are the extra perks (工资外的补贴) that your employer offers you as a reward for your loyalty and commitment.Employee (32) _________ are commonplace these days. Traditionally, these have included a good pension and extra days off work. But when a job used to be for life, there wasn’t much incentive to try and keep staff. Now when millennials are (33) _________ a position, they want to know the benefits they’ll get on top of their pay.But these perks come at a cost to an employer, and now technology is being used to discover if and when they offer value for money. The idea aims to enable a company to tailor what it can offer to (34) _________ and retain the right staff.As an example, at merchant bank, Close Brothers, AI has been used to develop chatbots that can help employees to find information on subjects ranging from mental health to saving for retirement at any time. And Microsoft has developed software to help businesses (35)_________ their employee’s well-being needs. Anna Rasmussen, founder of Open Blend, told th e BBC “It shows companies what their employees need to stay (36) _________ and reach their full potential in real-time.” Insurance company Vitality offer wearable technology to track employees’ movements. Staff can earn ‘(37) _________’ by having their act ivity tracked. A study found tha t by (38)_________ participant’s performance, they did the equivalent of 4.8 extra days of activity per month.It seems that if used in the right way, technology can provide greater (39) _________ between an employee and the company. That can lead to a happier, healthier and (40) _________ work force. But human resources experts warn against relying solely on tech for deciding on employee benefits provision, they say.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Racial Discrimination in ScienceYou might expect that science, particularly American science, would be colour-blind. Once someone from the country’s ethnic minorities has got bench space in a laboratory, he might reasonably (41) _________ to be treated on merit (功绩) and nothing else.(42) _________, a study just published in Science by Donna Ginther of the University of Kansas suggests that is not true. Dr Ginther, who was working (43) _________ America’s National Institutes of Health (NIH), found that (44) _________ matters a lot. Moreover, it is not just a question of white supremacy. Asian and Hispanic scientists do just as well as white ones. Black scientists, (45) _________, do badly.One possible explanation is that review panels are inferring applicants’ ethnic (46) _________ from their names, or the institutions they attended as students. Consciously or not, the reviewers may then be awarding less merit to those from people with “black-sounding” names, or who were educated at universities whose students are predominantly black. Indeed, a(n) (47) _________bias has been found in those recruiting for jobs in the commercial world. One well-known study, published in 2003 by researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago, found that fictitious CVs (简历) with stereo typically white names elicited 50% more (48) _________ of interviews than did CVs with black names, even when the applicants’ stated (49) _________ were identical.Another possible explanation is social (50) _________: It is in the nature of groups of experts (which is precisely what peer-review panels are) to know both each other and each other’s most promising acolytes. Applicants outside this charmed circle might have less chance of (51) _________ consideration. If the charmed circle itself were racially unrepresentative, those (52) _________ from the network because their racial group was under-represented in the first place would find it harder to break in.Though Dr Ginther’s results are (53) _________, it is to the NIH’s credit that it has published her findings. The agency is also starting a programme intended to alter the (54)_________ of the review panels to see whether excising potential racial cues from applications changes outcomes. Other agencies, and not just in America, should pay strict attention to all this, and ask themselves if they, too, are (55)_________ people of particular races. Such discrimination is not only disgraceful, but also a stupid waste of talent!41. A. expect B.cooperate C. decide D. challenge42.A. Similarly B.Evidently C. Unfortunately D. Undoubtedly43.A. in favour of B. on behalf of C. in honor of D. in the name of44.A. health B. nationality C. gender D. race45.A. however B. otherwise C. therefore D. meanwhile46.A. divisions B. customs C. origins D. designs47.A. unknown B. similar C. Obvious D. strong48.A. feedback B. types C. elements D. offers49.A. qualifications B. interviews C. names D. researches50.A. security B. status C. networking D. order51.A. moral B. favourable C. casual D. minor52.A. excluded B. installed C. downloaded D. restored53.A. positive B. conclusive C. troubling D. encouraging54.A. position B. subject C. prospect D. composition55. A. reminding B. employing C. informing D. failingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)At the 4th Street Photo Gallery on the comer of the Bowery, many photos are strung together like clothes on a laundry line. There are portraits of Muhammad Ali and Jean-Michel Basquiat, plus a series of cityscapes detailedly captured over 60 years by Alex Harsley, a neglected but talented New York photographer.The city has been Mr Harsley's home since 1948, when, aged ten, he moved there from South Carolina. He took his first photograph ten years later, and became the first black photographer to work for the city's district attorney's office. His vivid pictures freeze moments in New York's evolution from the 1950s to the present, “It coul d start with the smell of something burning/' he says of his method. "And then you see a family sitting on the steps of a funeral home sadly looking at th e firemen going through their routine.”Some of the scenes in the collection were captured from the window of his old apartment in Harlem; they include images of black activists, streets submerged in snow and shots of the Crown Heights riots of 1991. A.D. Coleman, a photography critic, says Mr. Harsley has been able to capture the lives of minority groups by making himself “invisible”. His aim has been to assemble these fragments(片段) into an extended history of the city.Mr. Harsley's gallery is a time capsule. For decades, it is also a hub for the city's artistic underworld. In the 1970s New York's photography scene was flourishing, but exclusive. As Mr. Harsley puts it, “a numb er of great artists were swept aside” because they lacked connections. Helping talent became part of his mission. In 1971 he established The Minority Photographers, an organization that helps up-and-coming artists exhibit their work. He opened his gallery two years later; many photographers have had their first shows there.56. How does the author describe Alex Harsley in the first paragraph?A. undervalued but expertB. gifted but exclusiveC. unknown but devotedD. gifted but awkward57. What does the underlined sentence mean?A. His pictures show freezing weather in New York from the 1950s to the present.B. His pictures capture the cheerful moments in New York since the 1950s.C. His pictures record some historic occasions of New York over the past decades.D. His pictures illustrate the vivid lives of minority groups in New York over the past decades.58. Why does Mr. Harsley make himself "invisible"?A. To assemble the minority groups of the city.B. To highlight the lives of minority groups.C. To help promising artists attract more public attention.D. To build connections between the minority groups and himself.59. How did Mr. Harsley help the other artists?A.He excluded those who looked down upon the unknown artists.B. He set an organization displaying their works.C. He established the connections between up-and-coming artists and famous ones.D. He reduced the rents of the gallery where their photography works were shown.(B) TROUBLESHOOTING60. If the appliance doesn't work, which of the following may be the cause?A. It has been used for many years.B. It is not plugged into the socket.C. Its temperature is too high.D. Its spouts are blocked.61. According to the table, which of the following is true?A If coffee taste bitter, you may add some milk and sugar.B If coffee is delivered too slowly, you may wait and activate the function again.C. coffee doesn't come out of spouts, you may check them with a toothpick.D. If milk is not frothed, you may use semi-skimmed milk.62. Where is the passage probably taken from?A. A coffee bean package.B. A cappuccino coffee machine booklet.C. A cappuccino coffee machine advertisement.D. A coffee machine quality report.That easterners and westerners think in different ways is not mere prejudice. Many psychological studies conducted over the past two decades suggest Westerners have a more individualistic, analytic and abstract mental life than do East Asians. Several hypotheses (假设) have been put forward to explain this.One, that modernization promotes individualism, falls at the first hurdle: Japan, an ultra-modem country whose people have retained a collective outlook. A second, that a higher rate of infectious disease in a place makes contact with strangers more dangerous, and causes groups to turn inward, is hardly better. Europe has had its share of plagues; probably more than either Japan or Korea.That led Thomas Talheim of the University of Virginia and his colleagues to look into a third suggestion: that the crucial difference is agricultural. The basic West crop is wheat; the East's rice. Before the mechanization of agriculture a farmer who grew rice had to spend twice as many hours doing so as one who grew wheat. To organize labour efficiently, especially at times of planting and harvesting, rice-growing societies as far apart as India, Malaysia and Japan all develop co-operative labour exchanges which let neighbors stagger their farms' schedules in order to assist each other during these crucial periods. Since, until recently almost everyone alive was a farmer, it is a reasonable hypothesis that such a collective outlook would dominate a society's culture and behaviour, and might prove so deep-rooted that even now, when most people earn their living in other ways, it helps to define their lives.Mr. Talheim realized that this idea is testable. Large areas of Asia, particularly in the north, depend not on rice, but on wheat. That, as he explains in a paper in Science, let him and his team put some flesh on this theory's bones. The team gathered almost 1,200 volunteers from all over Asia and asked them questions to assess their individualism or collectivism. The answers bore little relation to the wealth of a volunteer's place of origin. There was a striking correlation, though, with whether it was a rice-growing or a wheat-growing area. This difference was marked even between people from neighbouring counties with different agricultural traditions.Undoubtedly, Talheim's hypothesis has pointed to a direction worth further exploration. Viewing the message from modernized countries such as Japan, Korea and Singapore, which still hold on to collectivism, perhaps we can say: Asian values-with their principles of mutual support and collective action-are only "Asian" because back in ancient times, farmers in many parts of that continent found rice a more suitable crop to grow than wheat.63. According to the second paragraph, which statement does the author most probably agree with?A. The first hypothesis fails to justify Japan's ever-keeping collectivism as well as the second.B. The exposure to plague outbreaks increases the probability of the Europeans to turn back to individualism.C. Modernized Japan stays close to collectivism as firmly as Europe maintains individualism in the times of plague.D. Neither modernization, as with Europe, nor the once prevailing plague, as with Japan, gives any evidence that promotes individualism.64. What does the underlined word “stagger” probably mean?A. arrange events so that they do not happen at the same timeB. help something to develop more strongly because it's about to collapseC. plan or organize something in advance to make it neat or attractiveD. offer something to somebody and receive something in return65. Mr. Talheim studied the Asian volunteers growing wheat in order to find out _______.A. whether growing wheat results in more sharing behavior.B. whether growing wheat leads to more prosperous communityC. whether the local crop affects the local economy positively.D. whether the local crop is related to local people's mental life.66. Which of the following can serve as the best title for this passage?A. A good beginning makes a good ending.B. The grass is greener on the other side.C. As you sow, so you will reap.D. You are what you eat.Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence canLate in January Shen Yinjing, a therapist in Shanghai, volunteered to help distressed people in the coronavirus-stricken city of Wuhan by offering counselling over the phone or by text. Before long she was running an online support group for people being treated in one of Wuhan's makeshift hospitals for covid-19 patients. Now Ms. Shen wonders how she should assist those losing their beloved ones because of the disease. (67)______________ .Ms Shen is among a small army of mental-health professionals who have provided support during the coronavirus outbreak. Hundreds of universities and charities have set up “psycholo gi cal hotlines” fo r people suffering from depression. (68)______________ .Such attention reflects a profound change in official and public attitudes. In recent years, the government has begun to stress the importance of mental health in the country's long-term development goals. (69)______________ . The government's “Healthy China 2030” plan，issued in 2016, called for a stronger mental-h ealth service system”(70)______________ . Zhiying Ma of the University of Chicago says that young Chinese, in particular, have grown comfortable using terms such as depression and anxiety when talking about their difficulties. A Chinese government-funded survey published in 2019 found that such disorders were becoming more common in China. The study's authors suggested tha t “rapid social change” was intensifying "psychological pressure and stress".At the same time, mental-health counseling has become more widely available, particularly for those willing to pay for private treatment.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Solving the Problem of E-WasteOne of the problems damaging our planet is the number of things we throw away. A more recent addition to the list of things we chuck away is e-waste - electronic items that are broken and not recycled.Tonnes of televisions, phones, and other electronic equipment are discarded chiefly because we lack the skills to repair them. Fortunately, now solutions are being found to give e-waste a new life.There's a growing trend for repair events and clubs which could be part of a solution to the growing amount of electrical and electronic junk. A Restart Project in London, is one that many found around the world. One of its volunteers, Francesco Calo, said that "this project allows you to reduce waste, extend the life of objects, and it helps people who cannot afford to get rid of items that have developed a fault.As many electrical items contain valuable metals, another idea is e-waste mining. An experiment at the University of New South Wales involves extracting these materials from electronic appliances. It's thought that doing this could be more profitable than traditional mining.These projects make total sense --- collections of e-waste for recycling are depressing or even decreasing" according to Ruediger Kuehr, of the United Nations University. And in countries where there is no laws, much of it just gets dumped. However, the European Union, for example, is trying to tackle the problem by insisting manufacturers have to make appliances longer-lasting and will have to supply spare parts for machines for up to 10 years.Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.他处理这个问题的方法是有效的。
2020年浦东中学高三英语一模试卷及答案
2020年浦东中学高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AEver wonder why there are so many people polluting the earth? Ever say to yourself：Hey, I wish that I could do more to help the environment? Have you ever thought about trying to help the earth but never really did it? Well, here are some pretty easyand skillful ideas for that green - earth desire inside you.●Turn off your computer. By leaving it on all day you are creating more CO2than a regular passenger would, driving to and from work in one day.● Ride your bike or carpool (合用汽车).Obviously, youare creating less CO2which will help the ozone(臭氧).● Make a garden. Even simply grow some plants in your kitchen, which will help produce more oxygen while eating up some of that evil CO2.● Buy local groceries. It creates less impact on the environment. Besides, you're supporting your local farmers.● Recycle. You had to see this coming. But you have no idea how much you are helping the environment by simply reusing a water bottle instead of buying a huge pack at the store.● Don't run the water while brushing. It saves you money and helps the water resources.● Open the curtains. Natural light is much prettier and it will keep the energy usage down.● Rechargeable batteries. You have no idea how much it takes to get rid of batteries. Do yourself a favor. Save some money and some energy.1. If you don't want to create more CO2, you may_______.A. turn off your computer or open the curtainsB. turn off your computer or ride your bike or carpoolC. make a garden or open the curtainsD. use rechargeable batteries or make a garden2. Which of the following can best describe the function of the first paragraph?A. Main body.B. Argument.C. Lead - in.D. Conclusion.3. The main idea of the passage is about________.A. the importance of environmental protectionB. some ways about how to prevent pollutionC. some suggestions about how to save energyD. some suggestions about environmental protectionBSometimes people make history. George Washington became the first president of theUnited Statesand made history. Sometimes wars make history. The two World Wars are examples. Sometimes nature even becomes part of history. Shaking earthquakes are recorded in history books.Sixteen years ago, nature caused just such a history-making event. In September 2005, Hurricane Katrina came ashore inNew Orleans,Louisiana. The deadly storm floodedNew Orleans. Before Katrina, no other big American city had ever flooded in the history of the country. This natural disaster caused great harm and death.New Orleansis located below sea level. This location places it at great risk. Levees were built to protectNew Orleansfrom the ocean. (A levee is like a wall between the city and the ocean.) When Hurricane Katrina came ashore, water moved over the levees into the city. Flooding made it necessary for everyone to leave the city. Before Katrina, Creole food (a special kind of cooking only inLouisiana) filled the air with delicious smells. The sound of jazz music traveled through the streets. Now the city has to return to its former glory.Before Katrina, ernment had never made everyone leave a city. People inNew Orleanshad to find shelter quickly. Some had to stay at theSuperdomeSportsCenter. Some rode on buses to other towns. Thousands drove their cars to get away from the storm. The roads and shelters filled up fast.The lesson learned from Katrina was that cities must be better prepared for big storms and other terrible disasters caused by nature. Being prepared might have kept more people safe. Hurricane Katrina is one of the history-making events that will be remembered forever. Today, history is still being made that will shape the future.4. What does the author tell us aboutNew Orleans?A. It was built above sea level.B. It had few jazz musicians after Katrina.C. It was the firstU.S.city that had been flooded.D. It created a wholly new way to cook after Katrina.5. What can we say about the levees?A. They were almost useless for fighting Katrina.B. They helped people leaveNew Orleansquickly.C. They made NewOrleansa special American city.D. They should be built to match the size ofNew Orleans.6. What might the author advise city governments to do?A. Put up more shelters in the city.B. Build more levees around the city.C. Teach people how to avoid floods.D. Try to get ready for natural disasters.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Storms are dangerousB. Katrina makes historyC. Floods shapeLouisianaD. History must be rememberedCIf you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look delighted or annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new studyResearchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses more often than one would expect by random chance.The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes.""With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human facial expressions," Muller toldLive Science.At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions and this exposure has provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them." Muller said.8. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.A. distinguish shapesB. make sense of human facesC. feel happy or angryD. communicate with each other9. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.C. Pictures used in the two stages were differentD. The dogs were photographed before the lest.10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. A suggestion for future studies.B. A possible reason for the study findings.C. A major limitation of the studyD. An explanation of the research method.11. In which section is the text most likely to be found in a newspaper ?A. EntertainmentB. EconomyC. ScienceD. NatureDTexas has been one of the most restrictive gun-rights states in America.Thanks to a new law,however,the state will be one of the most relaxed,to the degree that police are discouraged from even asking about someone's guns. And if they do, they may not have much power to do anything if the person refuses to show a license.To be sure, the law is strict in its own way,offering a model for regulation. Under the law, open-carry citizens have to be licensed, a process that includes safety and shooting tests. They also have to show no prior psychological problems, and they have to be at least 21 years old.It is true that gun violence dropped sharply after restrictive laws were put in place in countries like Great Britain and Australia. However,the US public seems more interested than ever in weapons and the power they convey,despite gun control groups' concern over the increase of violence. Most states in America have steadily expanded gun rights since the end of a 10-year assault(攻击)weapons ban in 2004. Black Friday this year saw the biggest gun cache(贮存)ever purchased in one day.Considering those trends,there's a heated debate about whether the new Texas law is a model piece of legislation(立法)for a changing America,or a walking disaster just begging for trouble. As the law doesn't provideany punishment for those who refuse to show a license to a police officer, critics fear that officers may find it tough to handle potentially deadly situations. After all, armed citizens will no longer be considered suspicious, even though a lot of people might be alarmed by the sight. Most police in Texas have been told to not engage gun carriers unless they are doing something questionable or appear drunk.For sure,New Year's Day will be an exciting one for Texas gun owners. What's not yet known is how the rest of Texas will respond.12. All of the following are required in the new Texas law for open carry EXCEPTA. age limitB. mental conditionC. online registrationD. gun-operating skills13. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?A. The reason for putting forward the new Texas law.B. The present situation of gun possession in America.C. The impact of the assault weapons ban in 2004.D. The inaction of the US government as to gun control.14. What do critics think the new Texas law will probably lead to?A. Heavier workload for policemen.B. Disrespect for officers.C. Lack of trust among citizens.D. Difficulty in crime prevention.15. What is the author's attitude towards the new Texas law?A. Negative.B. Cautious.C. Indifferent.D. Approving.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届浦东中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析
2020届浦东中学高三英语一模试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AI started working with my hands at a young age. The youngest of five brothers, I took on the role as a “maintenance (维修) man” at an early age for our family’s small grocery store. Often my dad wouldn’t give me a clear idea of how something shouldbe done, so I just had to figure it out by researching or through trial and error.Fast forward to 2016 and those problem-solving skills would become the focus of Tippecanoe High School’s Homebuilding class. I knew I wanted to teach the students skills that went beyond just being able to hammer nails or cut pieces of two-by-fours. The problem was that we didn’t have the resources at the time to do much else. The idea of attracting some type of funding seemed very important. Designing, building and selling a tiny house on wheels seemed like the perfect project to accomplishthe task. I reached out to a number of local businesses and most of them responded with the greatest support for what x k w we were doing.This year we added a new element to the program. Through one of our partners, we were able to connect with the nonprofit Veteran’s Ananda Incorporated. Students in the Homebuilding class are leading the design and production of micro houses to be donated to this organization. The new partnership gives the students another focus to consider when designing and building the houses.There has been no shortage of students since our first year. Three years ago we had 41 students, the next 191, and this year it was limited to just over 160 students so we could have a safe and manageable classroom environment. The number of girls taking the class has risen steadily over the last few years as well. This class offers something for everyone and the skills are universal.1. How can we describe the young author?A. He opened a small grocery store.B. He did a lot of research in the lab.C. He enjoyed doing hands-on activities.D. He learnt about maintenance from his father.2. What do the underlined words “the task” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Getting some financial support.B. Selling a tiny house on wheels.C. Reaching out to many local businesses.D. Offering the students some problem-solving skills.3. What can be inferred about the Homebuilding class from the last paragraph?A. Its size needs increasing.B. Itis popular with the students.C. It has caused some safety concerns.D. Its classroom environment is hard to manage.BAs a 51-year-old first-aid responder since 1984, Jeffrey never knows what type of situation he might walk into, or who he'll meet along the wayTen years into the job, Jeffrey received a call that reported that a man in his early 30s had fallen down in the Mall of America. When Jeffrey and his partner arrived at the scene, they found the young male face down on the ground. He had gone unconscious, making weak attempts to breathe. His wife stood beside him holding their small son in horror. They quickly rushed to calm the man to keep him under control and offer necessary first aid. After Jeffrey dropped the patient off at the neighboring hospital, he thought about the man and his family for a long time.Jeffrey thought he had experienced everything under the sun until one random visit to Office Max three years ago, where he met a man repeatedly walking back and forth while staring at him. As it turned out, the man was the patient he had saved 20 years earlier."You gave me 20 years more than I ever thought I'd have," the man said. He thanked Jeffrey repeatedly and told him he had someone he wanted him to meet. He stepped around the corner and reappeared with a 20-something-year-old man. Jeffrey instantly knew that it was the son he had seen standing by his mother all those years ago"That day changed my life," Jeffrey said. "Before that, everything was about work…When I talk to my beginner-training class, I tell them you never know the effect you can have on someone's life."4. What did Jeffrey do with the young man?A. He cured the man at the scene.B. He took care of the man's wife and son.C. He only sent the man to hospital.D. He did what was needed5. What did Jeffrey think of the encounter with the man at Office Max?A. It was a common routine.B. It was troublesomeC. It was unbelievableD. It was a dangerous situation.6. Why was the man thankful to Jeffrey?A. Jeffrey helped bring up his little sonB. Jeffrey donated to support his family.C. Jeffrey's help gave him the present happy life.D. Jeffrey's kindness taught his son to be a new doctor.7. How did the meeting change Jeffrey's life?A. He was rewarded with much moneyB. He changed his attitude to his job.C. He got a promotion to be a team leader.D. He took up teaching work to train newcomers.CRemember when your mom told you not to eat too many candy bars or sweets because they can cause tooth decay (蛀牙)? However, it turns out that chocolate can be moresalutaryto your teeth than you might expect. Recent studies show that chocolate can effectively fight against tooth decay, as if we need another excuse to eat chocolate.Chocolate offers protection like fluoride, a main ingredient in most household toothpastes. Not only does chocolate protect our teeth, but it can do so very effectively. Studies show that chocolate has compounds that provide strong protection for teeth. One of the compounds in chocolate, CBH, is shown to protect even more effectively than fluoride.Tooth decay happens when bacteria work to turn sugar into acids in our mouth. This is why eating foods with high sugar content can lead to more tooth decay. The compounds in chocolate, however, are anti-bacteria and can fight against bacteria in your mouth. The CBH compound in particular also works to strengthen tooth enamel (牙釉质), andprotects against tooth decay.Does this mean you can cat as much chocolate as you want without worrying about your teeth? It depends on the types of chocolate that you like. The protective effect of chocolate is most effective when you chew on cocoa beans. Of course, this option is not very appealing to; most people. A more tasty option is to choose dark chocolate with little sugar content, ideally no more than 6 to 8 grams per serving. For other types of chocolate with higher sugar content, the effect will be lessened. However, because of the protective compounds, it is still better for your teeth than other sweets and desserts containing the same amount of sugar.8. The word “salutary” in paragraph 1 means?A. Beneficial.B. Harmful.C. Familiar.D. Useless.9. What can we know about the compound CBH in chocolate?A. It can help chocolate cure tooth decay.B. It can effectively stop teeth from decaying.C. It may protect teeth better than toothpastes do.D. It may soon replace most household toothpastes.10. How does chocolate fight tooth decay?A. By breaking down acids.B. By building up compounds.C. By fixing up tooth enamel.D. By fighting against bacteria.11. What's the main idea of the text?A. Chocolate plays the role of toothpaste.B. Chocolate protects against tooth decay.C. Chocolate is the best choice for teeth protection.D. Chocolate is healthier to teeth than other sweets.DWith graduation days being celebrated all over the country, a student who has to use a wheelchair honored his mother on his graduation day in a special way. Easley High School graduate, Alex Mays surprised people present when he got up and walked across the stage at Clemson's Littlejohn Coliseum.“I was really happy—it made me feel good,” Alex said.Alex was not given a chance to live right from his birth. He was born at 25 weeks and weighed just 1 pound, 10 ounces at birth. When he was very young, he had a disease and lost the ability to walk. After his mother's death in 2013, Alex had several other difficult life changes until he came to live with his grandparents, Dousay and her husband, Dewayne. Dousay said that when Alex came to live with them, they decided to bring him up in the best possible way they could.Last fall, Alex said that he would walk across the stage to get his diploma to honor his late mother. He practiced hard and worked with a physical therapist for 9 months to complete his plan.The only help Alex got was from his mom's best friend, Tonya Johnson, who pushed his wheelchair to the stage wearing one of his mother's favorite shirts. “I had support from my family. I couldn't have done it without them,” Alex said.“Alex made everyone in the building feel encouraged that day” Pickens County School District public information specialist John Eby said. “The school teachers knew he was going to get up to get his diploma, but the distance he walked was a surprise, even to them,” Eby said.“Some of life's most important tests aren’t given in a classroom; Alex tested himself and passed with flying color1 s,” Eby added.12. In what way did Alex honor his late mother on his graduation day?A. By dressing like her.B. By saying sorry to her.C. By inviting her best friend.D. By walking to get his diploma.13. What can we learn from Paragraph 3?A. Alex was born healthy.B. Alex went through a lot.C. Alex had a purpose in life as a child.D. Alex has lived with his grandparents all the time.14. What did Alex also express on his graduation day?A. His big regret in life.B. His feelings for hisschool.C. His thanks for his family.D. His will to complete his study.15. Which of the following words can best describe Alex?A. Strong-minded.B. Warm-hearted.C. Cool-headed.D. Easy-going.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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2019-2020 学年浦东新区高考英语一模 六大注意 1 考生需自己粘贴答题卡的条形码 考生需在监考老师的指导下，自己贴本人的试卷条形码。粘贴前，注意核对一下条形码上的姓 名、考生号、考场号和座位号是否有误，如果有误，立即举手报告。如果无误，请将条形码粘 贴在答题卡的对应位置。万一粘贴不理想，也不要撕下来重贴。只要条形码信息无误，正确填 写了本人的考生号、考场号及座位号，评卷分数不受影响。
2 拿到试卷后先检查有无缺张、漏印等 拿到试卷后先检查试卷有无缺张、漏印、破损或字迹不清等情况，尽管这种可能性非常小。如 果有，及时举手报告；如无异常情况，请用签字笔在试卷的相应位置写上姓名、考生号、考场 号、座位号。写好后，放下笔，等开考信号发出后再答题，如提前抢答，将按违纪处理。
3 注意保持答题卡的平整 填涂答题卡时，要注意保持答题卡的平整，不要折叠、弄脏或撕破，以免影响机器评阅。
若在考试时无意中污损答题卡确需换卡的，及时报告监考老师用备用卡解决，但耽误时间由本 人负责。不管是哪种情况需启用新答题卡，新答题卡都不再粘贴条形码，但要在新答题卡上填 涂姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号。
4 不能提前交卷离场 按照规定，在考试结束前，不允许考生交卷离场。如考生确因患病等原因无法坚持到考试结束 ，由监考老师报告主考，由主考根据情况按有关规定处理。
5 不要把文具带出考场 考试结束，停止答题，把试卷整理好。然后将答题卡放在最上面，接着是试卷、草稿纸。不得 把答题卡、试卷、草稿纸带出考场，试卷全部收齐后才能离场。请把文具整理好，放在座次标 签旁以便后面考试使用，不得把文具带走。
6 外语听力有试听环 外语考试 14:40入场完毕，听力采用 CD播放。 14： 50开始听力试听，试听结束时，会有 “试听到此结 束 ”的提示。听力部分考试结束时，将会有 “听力部分到此结束 ”的提示。听力部分结束后，考生可以开始 做其他部分试题。 2019-2020 学年浦东新区高考英语一模
Ⅱ . Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions ： Directions ：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;
for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A New Hero is Here to Save the Day It 'thso ught that when a hero like Batman is blessed with great power, he or she must endure loneliness and suffering as a result. The Flash （闪电侠）， however, makes a fun, lightning-quick and 2019-2020 学年浦东新区高考英语一模 optimistic superhero. After the wild success of TV series Arrow, a TV network launched The Flash, 21 （ show）the image of this Superhero,
who was only a supporting character in Arrow. Like Spiderman, who gained the ability to make webs and climb walls after he 22 （ bite） by a spider, Barry Allen in The Flash was shocked into superhero-status by accident. A strike from a lightning put Allen into a nine- month unconscious state, and when he emerged, he found himself 23 （ equip） with super speed. Naturally, Allen slips on a colorful suit and becomes the Flash, a hero 24 extreme speed to fight superpowered bad guys. But the Flash also has other purpose, namely finding out the truth behind his mother his father ' s u imnjupsritsonment. In line with superhero series standards, The Flash features action and eye-popping special effects. There ' nsothing terribly innovative here, but 25 we do get is a unique superhero with a more unusual personality. 26 Allen has gone through unpleasant childhood experience, in this show he grows into a superhero 27 powers include optimism. He' sg ot a group of scientists that not only save his life, but also provide him with emotional support and the tools necessary 28 （ fight ） crime. A big surprise for me was that The Flash cast Prison Break star Wentworth Miller as a bad character, who uses a gun that 29 turn anything into ice, US shows began their entrance into the Chinese market with Friends, but Prison Break pushed interest in US TV series to a new height largely thanks to Miller ' s wonderful acting. Now Miller ' s ba tcok act in The Flash. 30 is a nice surprise that this new show
serves as a platform for Prison Break fans to revisit their old favorite, although this time around he ' asn antagonist（反派角色） .
Section B Directions： After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accustomed B. advances C. command D. common E. drain F. minimize G. precisely H. reduced I. renew J. sustainably K. victims
Criticism of the Fast Fashion In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn't affect her. Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant's sweater was 31 over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl probably found her clothes. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn't be more out of date or in conflict with the mad world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline's three- year indictment of “ fast fashion. ” In the last d e c a3d2e or so, in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and predict demand more 33 . Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted stock, more frequent releases, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable— meant to last only a wash or