凯文老师-2018年上海高三高考英语一模试卷汇编(中译英2)
(2021年整理)2018年高考英语试题一卷及答案解析.doc
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2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试( 新课标Ⅰ卷)英语第一部分听力(共两节，满分3分）第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分4分)第一节(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分，满分30 分 )封号位座阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
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2018届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题(K12教育文档)
2018届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题(word版可编辑修改)编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（2018届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题(word版可编辑修改)）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。
本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为2018届高三第一次模拟考试英语试题(word版可编辑修改)的全部内容。
惠州市2018届高三第一次模拟考试英语2018。
4．注意事项: 1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题）两部分。
答卷前，考生必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
因考试不考听力，第I卷从第二部分的“阅读理解”开始,试题序号从“21”开始。
2．回答第I卷时,选出每小题答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答题标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
写在本试卷上无效。
3。
回答第II卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
4。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AFrom American Express， wedding guests will，on average，spend $673 on each wedding they attend this year。
It includes airfare （＄225), hotel ($170）, dining out ($116) and dressing up ($95) and the gift。
2018届高三英语一模汇编
2018届高三英语一模汇编----阅读理解C【黄浦区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read、( C )①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life、According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”、②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built、In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors、The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’、Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers、They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality、③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times、Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’、Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘avacaptains’、This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses、Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was‘barbie’、④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺得）sense of humor、While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side、On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bush fire、A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct、Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire、I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude、⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space、This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’relaxed attitude、63、The underlined wor d “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning、A、criminalityB、crueltyC、equalityD、governmentalism64、Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language?A、They use more slangs than other people、B、They give new meanings to existent words、C、They favour shortened forms of expressions、D、They coin terms in memory of criminal times、65、What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A、Kangaroos’ livi ng conditions are getting tougher、B、Forest fires threaten Australians’ life to a great extent、C、Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria、D、Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface、66、The passage mainly talks about __________、A、how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB、why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC、what contributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyleD、how Australians present their attitude towards life答案;63-66 CCDD【虹口区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages、Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read、(C)Crude awakeningA battle between two energy exchanges[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems、Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange(NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange、On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit (公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brentcrude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark （基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil、[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade、The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise、On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-out cry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch、[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity、Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders—is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems、Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor、Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until2017, for its trading floor in London、[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches、On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent(each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’ s new morning electronic session、By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible、It would stand a better chance if it moved to London、It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain、[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续得)、Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task、Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade、It has made little progress、And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success、[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together? There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen、Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix、For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic、63、According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________、A、both using open outcry trading as a major trading formB、partners that benefit each other in their business activitiesC、rivals that are competing in the oil trading marketD、both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice64、Th e word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4most probably means __________、A、backwardnessB、disappointmentsC、engineersD、problems65、From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________、A、trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is fallingB、London is a better business location for energy exchanges than DublinC、Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of IrelandD、the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year66、We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________、A、it’s very unlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businessesB、the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shownC、the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each otherD、the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better答案：63-66: C D B A【浦东新区】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages、Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read、C）Dental health: Brush with confidenceChildren should be taught to brush their teeth regularly、But the suspicion remains among some People, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities、The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities、If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned、But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J、Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true、The mouth is home to many species of microbes、Most are good、Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar、This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay、To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr、Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins、Their “volunteers” were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months、The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection、This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there、The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well、Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities、Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to-nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds、This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecolog y fades with time、Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents、Brushing, however, may not be the only approach、Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur、It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too、This is an area of on going research、But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host、63、What does “hypothesis” refer to in paragraph 1?A、Children’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay、B、Some children are programmed to develop tooth decay、C、Youngsters are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing、D、Somegenes are more likely to lead to dental cavites、64、Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out 、A、whether genes have anything to do with dental decayB、which group of twins are more likely to have decayed teethC、what kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decayD、why the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth65、Which of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage?A、Scientists are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed、B、The role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time、C、The children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities、D、Identical twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins、66、What can we learn from the last paragraph?A、The existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem、B、What a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem、C、Cutting down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay、D、Parents are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem、答案：63-66 DADA【长宁区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read、( C )Many United States companies have made the search for legalprotection from import competition into a major line of work、Since 1980, theUnited States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreigngovernments、Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value、”Even when nounfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has beeninjured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济)、Contrary to the general impression, this request for importrelief has hurt more companies than it has helped、As corporations begin tofunction globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, andresearch relationships、The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikelythat a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all theunits under the same parent company、Internationalization increases the dangerthat foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companiesthe laws were designed to protect、Suppose a United States-owned companyestablishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitormakes the same product in the United States、If the competitor can prove injuryfrom the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from aforeign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’sproducts will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would besubject to duties、Perhaps the mostshameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) thatCanadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumpingrock salt, used to deice roads、The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that aforeign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was cryingfor help against a United States company with foreign operations、The “UnitedStates”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the“Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was thesecond-largest domestic producer of rock salt、63、The passage is chiefly concerned with_______________A、arguingagainst the increased internationalization of US corporationsB、warning thatthe application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequencesC、recommending auniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practicesD、advocating theuse of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for otherimports、64、What can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC____________、A、A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fairmarket value、B、A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of productsshipped to the US、C、The company requesting import relief has been banned from exportingproducts、D、The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale ofimports in the US、65、What is the function of the last paragraph?A、It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas forresearch、B、It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier、C、It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previousparagraph、D、It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier、66、Which of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws?A、They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in theUS、B、Those applied to international companies will help to gain moreprofits、C、They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade withother nations、D、Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily helpother units、答案：BDCD【徐汇区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read、(C)More than fivemillion different kinds of organisms(生物体) liveon the Earth、For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organizethis diversity(多样性)、Inthe eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist namedCarolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms thatwe use today、Linnaeuscontributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways、He firstdeveloped a convention for naming life forms、Before Linnaeuscame up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for asingle species, and these names tended to be long and confusing、Linnaeusdecided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts,one indicating the genus(plural:genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specificname of the species、When written alone, the specific name is meaningless sincemany different species in different genera have the same specific name、Thespecific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe species、Therefore, when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism、Whenthe genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that thename refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog、Linnaeus was alsothe originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层得)groupings、Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, calledkingdoms、These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals、He divided each ofthese kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus issingular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to sharedphysical characteristics、Although moderntaxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classif icationsystem as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observablesimilarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changedLinnaeus’s original groupings、The broadest level of life is now a domain、Allliving thingsfit into only three domains、Within each of these domains thereare kingdoms、Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed byclass, order, family, genus, and species、In addition to theLinnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi asseparate kingdoms、The prokaryotesare the oldest and most abundant group of organisms、They are also the smallestcellular organisms、Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in manyenvironments that support no other form of life, fall into this category、The protist kingdom is made up of a varietyof single-celled or simple multicellular organisms、Protists do not have much in common、They are, essentially, thoseorganisms which do not fit into any other kingdom、Fungi compose a third kingdom、Like plants, the cells of fungi havecell walls, giving them a tube-like structure、However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do、Rather, theyacquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by otherorganisms、Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi、63、The writer gives the scientific name of thedomestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________、A、demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classificationB、introduce the need for a better system of namingorganismsC、criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s namingsystemD、illustrate the necessity of including two partswhen naming organism64、Which of the following can be learned fromthe passage?A、The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system forclassifyi ng is no longer in use、B、Linnaeus’s original system of classificationconsisted of 3 domains、C、Linnaeus’s original system of classification isused today with little modifications、D、Modern taxonomists have added categories andregrouped organisms、65、Which of thefollowing is TRUE about protists?A、They do not share the characteristics of any of theother four kingdoms、B、They are grouped together based on similarcharacteristics、C、They are limited to single-cell organisms、D、They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms、66、Which of the following might be the besttitle of the passage?A、The Father of Modern TaxonomyB、Classifying OrganismsC、Development in Life FormsD、Linnaeus’s Classification System答案：63-66 DDAB【闵行区】Section BDirections: Read the following four passages、Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements、For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D、Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read．(C)One of the main challenges facingmany countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalizationand the growing mult-language trend、“One of the main reasons for economicfailure in many African countries is the fact that, with a few importantexceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independentAfrican states、” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Studyof Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town、In response to the spread ofEnglish and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, manycountries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade、Insome, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in publicspaces such as advertising posters、One of the first such legal provisions wasthe 1994 “Toubon law” in France, but the idea has been copied in many countriessince then、Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissedas futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultyin controlling fashions in speech and know from research that languageswitching among bilinguals is anatural process、It is especially difficult fornative speakers of English to understand the desire to maintain the “purity” ofa language by law、Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continuallyabsorbed foreign words into its own language、English is one of the most mixedand rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrierto acquiring prestige and power、Another reason for the failure of many nativeEnglish speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it hasnever been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things、English has never had astate-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to theAcademic Francaise in France、The need to protect nationallanguages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially theneed to ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many fields、Public communication, education and new modes of communication promoted bytechnology, may be key fields to defend、63、Neville Alexander believes that?A、mother-tongue education is not practiced in all African countriesB、globalization has resulted in the economic failure of AfricaC、globalization has led to the rise of multi-language trendsD、lackof mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure64、Theunderlined word “futile” (in paragraph 2) most probably means “ “、A、workableB、practicalC、uselessD、unnecessary65、Whydo many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts describedin the passage?A、Theythink language protection laws are ineffective、B、Theywant their language to spread to other countries、C、Theyhave a long history of taking words from other languages、D、Itreduces a language’s ability to acquire international importance、66、Whatcan we infer from the last paragraph?A、Englishhas taken over fields like public communication and education、B、Manyaspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English、C、Mostlanguage experts believe it is important to promote a national language、D、Europeans have long realized the need to protect their national languages、答案：DCCB【普陀区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements、For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D、Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read、(C)Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to、At a certain point, we will buildmachines that are smarter than weare、Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin toimprove themselves、And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligenceexplosion”、The process could get out of control、The concern is really that we will build machines that are much morecompetent than we are、And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us、Just think about howwe relate to ants、We don’t hate them、We don’t go out of our way to harm them、In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them、We step over them on thesidewalk、But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of ourgoals, we will kill them without hesitation、The concern is that we will oneday build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us withsimilar disregard、The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligentmachines、We have problems that we desperatelyneed to solve、So we will do this, if we can、The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull、If we build machines that aremore intelligent than we are, they will very likely developin ways that wecan’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine、So imagine we hit upon a designof superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns、This machine would be the perfectlabor-saving device、It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work,powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials、So we’retalking about the end of human labour、We’re also talking about the end of mostintellectual work、So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?What would some nations do if they heard that some company in SiliconValley was about to deploy ( 配置) a superintelligent AI? This machine wouldbe capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地得)or cyber, with unbelievable power、Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AIare likely to perceive(感知) themselves as being in a raceagainst all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seemslikely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyedin the next moment、But the moment we admit that information processing is the source ofintelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sortof god、Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with、63、When an intelligent machinebecomes smarter than humanity, 、A、it will make itself better andmay go beyond human controlB、it will help people to thefullest, especially in physical workC、it will threaten people byrobbing them of jobsD、it will view itself as humanrace64、The underlined word“divergence” in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as“ ”、A、connectionB、hatredC、competitionD、disagreement65、How is the passage mainlydeveloped?A、By making comparisons、B、By showing valid evidence、C、By giving assumptions、D、By analyzing statistics、66、Which of the following is thebest title of the passage?A、For the God’s sake, stop AI andbe yourselves!B、Can we build AI without losingcontrol over it?C、For or against AI, that is thequestion!D、How does superintelligence servethe people?答案：63-66 ADCB【金山区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages、Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements、For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D、Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read、(C)For many years, humans have tried to find thesecret to staying young、Although it has yet to be discovered, we may be closerthan ever to finding a way that can slow down the aging process、A recent study by researchers from DukeUniversity in the US f ound that cutting one’s daily intake of calories couldslow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to youryouthful looks a little longer、Previous research has shown that calorierestrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice、So researchers wondered if itcould have the same effect on people、To find out, Daniel Belsky and her teamexamined data from a study by the National Institute on Aging, based in the US,which involved 220 people、During the two-year study, 145 people in therestriction group cut their calorie intake by 25 percent、Meanwhile, 75 peoplein the control group maintained their normal diets、。
2018上海高考英语二模-翻译部分完整版.doc
1.我对这场比赛的结果抱乐观态度。
（optimistic）I am optimistic about the result of the game.2.许多人把迟到看作是一个小问题，其实不然。
（think）Many people think of being late as a small problem, but in fact it’s not.3.无人驾驶技术解决了人们的困惑，使开车打电话成为可能。
（…it…）Driverless tenology solves people’s confusion and makes it possible to make a phone call while driving.4.人生中最可怕的不是你即使努力仍一事无成，而是碌碌无为却以平凡可贵安慰自己。
（…not…but…）The most horrible thing that can happen in your life is not that you achieve nothing even though you try, but that you give up and tell yourself it is precious to be just ordinary.1.他在会议上提出的建议值得三思。
（worth）The suggestion he put forward at the meeting is worth giving a second thinking.2.法律和政策应该适应我们社会不断发展的需求。
（adapt）Laws and policies should adapt to the developing needs of our society.3.绝不能任由困难打倒你，因为你永远不知道你离成功有多近。
（account）On no account can you let any difficulties beat you，for you can never tell how close you may be to the success.4.父母竭力庇护孩子免受问题的困扰，甚至代替他们做重要的决定，这将不利于孩子的健康成长。
上海市2018届高三英语一模考试汇编解答题新人教版 精品
2018届（2018学年）上海市高三英语一模——简答（长宁）“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Although this might be excellent advice in matters concerning family and friends, borrowing and lending are frequently the foundation of a booming economy.A loan is a sum of money borrowed for a limited period. A loan may be obtained from an individual or from an institution such as a bank and is generally granted at a specific rate of interest. Interest is the fee that the borrower pays to use the money. An extremely high rate of interest --- and certainly any amount more than law permits --- is called usury. Lending money can be a risky business, for there is always the possibility that the borrower may not be able to pay the loan. For this reason, a lender generally requires the borrower to register something valuable of his or hers, known as collateral (抵押), as a part of the loan agreement. A house or an automobile, investments in the stock market, even the value of a business, are all examples of collateral that a lender may be willing to accept in the event that the borrower fails to pay the loan.There are two major sorts of loans: consumer loans and commercial loans. A consumer loan is one that is made to an individual, and it may be to buy a house or an automobile or to finance an education. A commercial loan may be used to start a new business, pay for new equipment and staff, or expand an office or factory. The business of making loans also contributes to a healthy economy by enhancing the employment market. Loans allow consumers to buy and improve homes, creating jobs for carpenters, architects and etc. Loans enable businesses to expand, and when these businesses open a branch office or a new store, they also increase their consumption of office supplies, furnishings, and computers.In a booming economy, money circulates quickly, and each deal represents earnings for someone. It may be reasonable to say that a certain level of debt is normal, even necessary, to a healthy economy as long as the individual borrower or business is careful and try not to take on more than a manageable amount of debt.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81.“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.”is excellent advice for keeping good familyand friends while it is __________.82.What is the purpose of collateral in a loan agreement?83.Different from commercial loans, consumer loans may be used to __________.84.How can the individual borrower or business profit from a booming economy?81. not for building / developing a booming / fast-growing economy82. To prevent the borrower from not paying the loan. / …83. fulfill / achieve the purpose of personal development / …84. By being careful and avoiding being in too much debt / …（闸北）A son in many developing countries means insurance, who will inherit his father's property and help support the family. However, to parents, a daughter is just another expense. Her place is in the home, not in the world of men. A girl can't help but feel inferior when everything around her tells her that she is worth less than a boy. Her future is, to some extent, shaped as soon as her family limits her opportunities and treat her as second-rater, which explain why women in developing countries perform much worse than men both in study and career.Deep discrimination (歧视)against women creates a firm force that keeps girls from living up to their full potential. It also leaves them victims to severe physical and emotional harm. These “servants of the household" come to accept that li fe will never be any different. What's most harmful, it results not only in millions of individual tragedies, but also in the lost potential for the entire country. Studies show there is a direct link between a country's attitude toward women and its social and economic progress. The status of women is central to the health of a society. If one part suffers, so does the whole.To deal with the situation, many women turn to education. Educated women are essential to ending sex discrimination, starting by reducing the poverty The most basic skills in literacy and Maths open up opportunities for better-paying jobs for women. Uneducated women in rural areas of Zambia, for instance, are twice as likely to live in poverty as those who have had eight or more years of education.Women who have had some schooling are more likely to get married later, survive childbirth, have fewer and healthier children, and make sure their own children complete school. Understanding the importance of hygiene (卫生）and nutrition, they are more likely to stay in physical wellness.Nevertheless, the comprehensive change for a society speaks for the more far-reaching meaning of women education. As women get the opportunity to go to school and obtain higher-level jobs, they gain status in their communities, which translates into the power to influence their families and societies. Such power may, together with other forces of outside interference, make even bigger changes possible and gradually lighten up women's fates in these countries.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What two facts make a woman achieve less than men in developing countries?82. The most severe result of discrimination against women is ________________________.83. Why are educated women in developing countries more likely to remain healthy?84. High social position at home helps women to have the ability to ________________________.81. Her family limiting her opportunities and treating her as second-rater.82. the lost potential for the entire country83. Because they understand the importance of hygiene and nutrition.84. influence their families and societies（杨浦）Pizza Hut lovers, you can now smell just like your favorite food. Pizza Hut launches its own perfume that smells like a fresh pizza pie. This is not a joke —although it started as one! While it might seem like an unusual venture for the brand famous for pizza, the company’s perfume is already available as a limited edition product. fuck myselfAccording to the Globe and Mail, the project started out as a joke by Grip Limited, an advertising firm that works with Pizza Hut in Canada, who asked the chain’s Facebook fans to imagine the pleasant smell of a fresh-delivered pie as a perfume — and to name it. Fans responded to the idea so enthusiastically that Grip Limited decided to take the joke a step further and make the perfume a reality.A month and a half later, to celebrate that Pizza Hut Canada had gotten 100,000 fans, the chain’s community managers an nounced that the first 100 people to message them would actually get a bottle of Pizza Hut perfume. And sure enough, the bottles were shipped to those 100 lucky fans before Christmas.Grip Limited isn’t the only company to attract attention with odd aroma s (芳香). Four years ago, Burger King offered a $4 meat-scented body spray for men. Before that in 2018, Stilton created a perfume meant to mimic (模拟) the scent of blue cheese.Pizza Hut Canada has not announced any plans to make more of the perfume in the future. But the chain also said in the release that it’s possible the perfume could appear in stores in the future.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. Some people consider the perfume a joke because they think Pizza Hut is a_______________.82. _______________________________ pushed Grip Limited to turn the joke into reality.83. Who are the lucky birds to get the perfume?84. Why did Pizza Hut follow Burger King’s steps to release a perfume?81. famous brand for pizza82. The fans’ enthusiastic response to the project / idea / activity83. The first 100 people to message the Pizza Hut Canada84. To attract public attention（徐汇）If you need another reason to give thanks at the dinner table on Thanksgiving Day, how’s this: people who maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be happier and healthier than those who don’t, according to an instructive article this week in the Wall Street Journal.The WSJ’s Melinda Beck reports that adults who feel grateful have “more energy, more optimism, more social connections and more happiness than those who do not, according to studies conducted over the past decade. Now a new study conducted by researchers at Hofstra University — the results of which are set to be published in an upcoming issue of the Journal of Happiness Studies — finds similar benefits of gratitude for adolescents as well.Dr. Jeffrey J. Froh, assistant professor of psychology and lead researcher of the new study, surveyed 1,185 students aged from 14 to 19 and found that grateful students reported higher grades, more life satisfaction, better social integration and less envy and depression than their peers who were less thankful and more materialistic. Additionally, feelings of gratitude had a more powerful impact on the students’ lives overall than materialism.What the majority of the research suggests is that gratitude should be chronic （长期的）in order to make a lasting difference in well-being. Dr. Robert Emmons, professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and a pioneer in gratitude research, told the WSJ that in order to reap（收获）all of its benefits, feeling gratitude must be rooted into your personality, and you must frequently acknowledge and be thankful for the role other people play in your happiness: “The key is not to leave it on the Thanksgiving table,” he said.For older children and adults, one simple way to cultivate gratitude is to literally count your blessings. Keep a journal and regularly record whatever you are grateful for that day. Be specific. Listing “my friends, my school, my dog” day after day means that “gratitude tiredness” has set in, Dr. Froh says. Writing “my dog licked my face when I was sad” keeps it fresher. The real benefit comes in chan ging how you experience the world. Look for things to be grateful for, and you’ll start seeing them.Studies show that using negative, insulting words —even as you talk to yourself —can darken your mood, as well. Fill your head with positive thoughts, express thanks and encouragement aloud and look for something to be grateful for, not criticize, in those around you, especially loved ones.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. According to the article i n the Wall Street Journal, people who don’t maintain an “attitude of gratitude” tend to be ______________.82. What are the major findings of the new study at Hofstra University about?83. According to the passage, how can people probably avoid “grat itude tiredness”?84. In order not to darken our moods, we’d better stop ________________.81. less happy and healthy82. Benefits of gratitude for adolescents. / Adolescents benefit from feeling gratitude.83. By regularly recording specific things they are grateful for.84. using negative, insulting words（松江）My wife and I recently completed a trip to China with China Highlights. It was a very memorable vacation. From start to finish, China Highlights was very helpful and supportive. The start of our trip began with an Internet search for a tour agency that would meet our needs and expectations. After reviewing and submitting questions to websites of many companies, we selected China Highlights. Our decision was based on the speed and content of their responses, along with the significant amount of support information provided both on their websites and in their emailed attachments. In addition, the proposed journey and price for a private tour including plane fares between cities and first class seats on a high speed train were strong incentives (激励) to select China Highlights. Their assistance and flexibility in finalizing the itinerary, with favorable payment terms, further convinced us that we made a good choice. We relied on his recommendations for several pre-departure and planning issues Up to the time of departure, Michael was always available to quickly response to our ongoing questions and ensured that we left fully prepared.From the time that we first arrived in Beijing and at every destination of the trip, the guide and the driver were at the airport / train station with signs for us. Conversely, as we left each city, they took care in getting us to the proper check-in area on time, with enough instructions for us to easily continue boarding THE transportation despite obvious communication issues since we did not speak Chinese. In hindsight, our concerns about travelling between locations were unnecessary. Similarly, travelling throughout the cities, as we visited each attraction, was very comfortable. The guides kept us informed of historical and local information. One suggestion would be to pre-identify any sites to visit and have them included in the final journey rather than try to change during the visit.The sights that we visited were most impressive. Obviously, the Great Wall, Forbidden City and Tiananmen Square, and the Terra Cotta Soldiers were everything we expected. The guides were very knowledgeable, and helped us understand many aspects of these areas.After we returned home, China Highlights followed up to make sure that we were satisfied with our trip, and to get any feedback that we wanted to provide. They evenaddressed some minor issues that we cited. Overall, China Highlights went over and above our expectations.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What made the couple choose China Highlights during their visit to China?82. The overseas visitors were satisfied with China Highlights services except ___________________.83. During their visit, not only the sights but also ________________ made a great impression on them.84. How did China Highlights improve its quality of service after the visitors finished their journey?25.That China Highlights was very helpful and supportive.25.changing final journey during the visit.25.the knowledgeable and helpful guides and the driver25.It followed up to get any feedback / It addressed some minor issues that visitors cited（青浦）Oscar-winning director Ang Lee’s new epic “Life of Pi” r eveals the relationship between a teenage Indian boy and a Bengal tiger. But in reality, the predators（食肉动物）are under increasing threat from humans. Animal rights group PETA is hoping to use the popularity of the film to focus people’s attention on the re al life of Bengal tigers.With the rising demand for tiger parts from East Asia, illegal hunting remains a tremendous danger for the remaining cat population. Back in 1947, there were 40,000 tigers in India, but the number is experiencing a sharp decline to 1,718 despite campaigns to protect the animal.Rising man-animal conflict is also one of the leading causes of decline in tiger numbers. In one of numerous reported attacks on the endangered big cats, villagers near the Bangladesh-India border, armed with sticks and boat oars, set upon the animal suspected to have attacked a local fisherman and beat it to death earlier this month. So far this year, 58 tiger deaths have been reported in the country.“The first instinct when a tiger is spotted is to just kill it,” grieved Gurmeet Sapal, a wildlife filmmaker. “The feeling of fear and revenge is so strong that it shuts out any other emotion. What we don’t realize is that the tiger never attacks humans until it is forced to.”India has been struggling to stop the tiger's decline in the face of the loss of habitat as well that encourages the animals to leave the forest for food. “The tiger’s rapidly exhausted prey base causes the predator to go all out to get its food. Consequently, livestock and human beings become easy prey, which leads inevitably to conflict,” says a wildlife conservationist.Filmmaker Sapal says it is only normal for people to think of the tiger as a dangerous animal, but its image as a human killer bears some injustice. “Tigers never kill fo r sport nor store meat. They kill their prey only in case of hunger. ”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words)81. PETA hopes “Life of Pi” can __________________________________.82. Why did the villagers beat the tiger to death?83. As a result of the loss of habitat, __________________________________ are morelikely to be the big cat’s victims.84. When will tigers attack and kill people according to the article?81. focus people’s attention on the real li fe of Bengaltigers.82. Because it was suspected to have attacked a local fisherman83. livestock and human beings84. When (they are) hungry or attacked.（普陀）A long-awaited final report from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concludes that foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are as safe as those from ordinary animals, effectively removing the last US regulatory barrier to the marketing of meat and milk from cloned cattle, pigs and goats.The 968-page "final risk assessment," not yet released but obtained by The Washington Post, finds no evidence to support people’s concerns that food from clones may have hidden risks.But, recognizing that a majority of consumers are wary of（谨慎的）food from clones—and that cloning could damage the good image of American milk and meat—the report includes hundreds of pages of raw data so that others can see how it came to its conclusions.The report also acknowledges that human health concerns are not the only subject raised by the coming-out of cloned farm animals.“Moral, religious and ethical concerns have been raised,” the agency notes in a document accompanying the report. But the report is “exactly a science-based assessmen t.” It reports, because the agency is not authorized by law to consider those issues.In practice, it will be years before foods from clones make their way to store shelves in large quantities, in part because the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk. Instead, the expensive animals’replicas(复制品) of some of the finest farm animals ever born — will be used firstly as breeding stock to create what supporters say will be a new generation of superior farm animals.When food from those animals hits the market, the public may yet have its say. FDA officials have said they do not expect to require food from clones to be labeled as such, but they may allow foods from ordinary animals to be labeled as not from clones.81. What conclusion has FDA drawn after the public waited for a long time?82. Foods from clones won’t be available soon partly because _________________.83. With the appearance of cloned farm animals, people care more about_________________ problems.84. How will foods from ordinary animals be labeled?81. FDA concluded foods from healthy cloned animals and their offspring are safe .82. the clones themselves are too valuable to kill or milk.83. human health, moral, religious and ethical84. They will be allowed to be labeled as not from clones.（浦东）We delight in the stories passed down to us by oldergenerations. Tales from the past reveal our loved ones’ truepersonalities that we didn’t know before and can unite familymembers. But they are still just small pieces from a lifetimeof experience, leaving a wealth of personal memories and stories that can go untold.A growing company, LifeBook, is helping people to ensure that the rich, personal histories of our loved ones can be captured in detail in elegant, well-crafted books that can be handed down through the generations. These individual autobiographies, professionally written and illustrated with photographs, hold a lifetime of memories and can form an everlasting family legacy.Linden, who commissioned(委托写) a book on her father from LifeBook, said, ‘It has been a wonderful thing, both for myself and my father. He was quite worried about it at first, but once it got going he established a very good relationship with Will, his interviewer, and I know they had lots of fun and laughs. He started looking forward to the meetings very much, someone showing interest in him outside the family.’Now, LifeBook is becoming increasingly popular as a gift, requested by sons and daughters who wish to preserve the memories of their older loved ones for future generations. The process of creating a LifeBook brings family members closer together as they learn more about the family’s past. And for the authors, LifeBook gives them a project to focus on. It also gives them the benefits of face-to-face companionship in the weekly interviews.For Linden, it was a highly positive experience, ‘I feel very happy because I have given my father this huge gift. It has made him happier and he’s got a newfound interest in life. He’s got more things to talk ab out and,I think, a sense of great pride.’‘Also it’s something he can hand down to futuregenerations. We’re all thrilled with the book, delighted—and I’m sure he’ll want to do volume two very soon.’(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)81. Tales from the past generations can not only ___________________.82. What does the company, LifeBook, do in those special books?83. Linden’s father started to look forward to the meetings with the interviewerbecause _________.84. Besides a project to focus on, what else can creating a LifeBook bring its author?81. reveal our loved ones’ true personalities but also unite family members82. It helps capture the rich, personal histories of our loved ones.83. someone was showing interest in him outside the family84. The benefits of face-to-face companionship.（闵行）At present, in many American cities especially, many teachers in the public schools say they are underpaid. They point to jobs such as secretary or truck driver, which often pay more to start than that of a teacher. In many other fields, such as law, medicine, computer science, a beginning worker may make more than a teacher who has taught for several years.Teaching has never been a profession that attracted people interested in high salaries. It is by history a profession that has provided rewards in additionto money—the satisfaction of sharing knowledge, of influencing others, of guiding young people. But in the past several years, there are more difficulties in teaching, for many, than there are rewards.Unruly (不守规矩的) students, especially in big cities, large classes and a lack of support from the public in terms of money and understanding have led many public school teachers to leave the profession.As a result, many of the best students, who would have chosen teaching as their life career in the past, are going into other fields.Another reason for this change in teacher candidates is the changing status of women in the United States. Until the late 1960s and 1970s, one of the most popular choices for women was teaching. But as other professions, such as law and medicine opened up to women, women stopped pouring into teacher training programs. Thus, excellent candidates for the teaching profession declined.Bit by bit government officials and others realized that the status of the teacher had suffered. They talked about change. But the change in a vast society like the United States is not easy. People’s at titudes have formed over many years, and sometimes change takes many years.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. What are many teachers in the public schools of America complaining about?82. What is the consequence of the public school teachers’ leaving the profession?83. The changing status of women in the United States is one of the causes forwomen to ________________________.84. According to the last paragraph, the status of the teachers in the UnitedSates will _____________________ within years.81. low pay / being under-paid / not being well-paid82. causing some best students not to choose teaching profession / some best studentsdon’t choose teaching profession83. choose careers other than teaching / choose other careers instead of teaching84. not be changed / remain unchanged（静安）All we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock, your internal clock runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle, called a circadian (昼夜节奏的) rhythm, helps control when you wake, when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty, something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward, so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed, your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems, too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud (提不起精神的状态) when they don't get enough sleep, says Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock, your internal clock can be reset. In fact, it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years, researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock were handled through the same pathways that we use to see. But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock because ________________________________________.82. Children before puberty tend to __________________________________than adolescents.83. The author wants to tell the reader that_____________________________________.84. What did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system?81. it has a cycle of 24 hours82. fall asleep earlier at night83. staying up late affects teenagers' ability to think and learn.84. The human eye had one light-sensing system.（金山）Phonxay is one of the poorest districts of Laos, and many of its villages are only accessible by footpath. Our destination this hot morning is a concrete water tank which was helped to build by a UK organization because of the lack of clean drinking water. The tank has made a big difference; it gives water to over 800 People. But lately, the clean water supply has come under pressure from new arrivals, people who have come down from the hill areas, and there will not be enough clean water to go round.There are also serious worries about resources in Laos. The Chinese are building a 400 km railway link, and about 150,000 Chinese workers will be involved. What will this do to local clean water supplies? How will the workers be fed?The vast majority of Laotians live on farms. But with foreign investors wanting to buy up land, local people will have to be moved to make room for them. Heavily dependent on both foreign aid and foreign investment, Laos still falls well behind its neighbours. Its biggest economic problem is the lack of locally trained skilled workforce.But there are reasons to be hopeful for the future. Laos is beautiful, and foreign tourism continues to grow. Although all local media are government-run, the Internet is not controlled and the BBC and CNN are Available to those with satellite dishes.The government has also achieved impressive results in rural development, with communities benefiting not just from cleaner water but the construction of new schools and regular visits from medical teams. Poverty will not be history in Laos within the next decade, but with small steps forward and a bit of outside help, the country could find itself out of the UN's least-developed category by 2180.(Note: Answer the quesTlOns or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.) 81. What is putting pressure on the local supply of clean water?82. ____________________________ is the most serious limitation on Laos' economic growth.。
凯文老师,2018年上海高考英语试卷真题（翻译中译英）
凯文老师,2018年上海高考英语试卷真题（翻译中译英）2018年上海高考英语试卷真题（翻译/中译英）TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.他们中谁可能担任过排球教练？（may）参考译文：Which one of them may have coached a volleyball team?Which one of them may have acted as a volleyball coach?2.我看到他换上徒步鞋，走向草坪。
（make for）参考译文：I saw him put on his walking shoes and make for the lawn.I saw him change into hiking boots and make for the lawn.3.妈妈给自己设闹钟六小时响一次，以提醒她为宝宝量体温。
（reminder）参考译文：Mom sets the alarm clock to ring every six hours as a reminder for herself to take the baby’s temperature.Mom sets the alarm clock，ringing every six hours，as a reminder to take her baby’s temperature.4.在这个村庄，他们吃饭只吃八分饱，但这个健康的饮食习惯最开始是为了解决食物短缺。
（until）参考译文：People in this village usually have their meals until they are eight full, but this healthy eating habits originally aimed to/intended to solve/deal with the shortage of food.In this village, people usually have their meals until they are eight full, but this healthy eating habits originally aimed to/intended to solve/deal with the shortage of food.。
凯文老师，2018年杨浦区高三高考英语一模答案
2018年杨浦区高三高考英语一模答案（含听力原文）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. W: Excuse me, Sir, can I borrow these books on medicine?M: Sorry, you are only allowed to have three at a time.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place? (C)2. W: The parking fee is 10 yuan for per hour. But how much would it be if I park here for anhour and 10 minutes?M: 20 yuan, madam. Because we charge by the number of hours.Q: How much will the woman pay if she parks her car there for 2 hours and 10 minutes? (C) 3. W: How much do you want to spend on the rent?M: Uh, somewhere under $200 a month. I'd prefer to rent a furnished one and I need a parking space.Q: What's the probable relationship between the two speakers? (A)4. W: It's going to be a wonderful day for hiking tomorrow. But the weatherman said it wasgoing to rain later tonight.M: Ah, nonsense. Nothing can spoil our adventure. Those weather reports are never right.Q: What can we learn from the conversation? (D)5. M: I really can't put up with Jane. She is always speaking ill of others.W: So she is, but she seems to have good relations with our boss.Q: What can we learn about Jane? (A)6. M: Are you going to put up lights on the outside?W: Yes, all of my neighbors decorate their houses, and I am making a gift list.Q: What are they talking about? (C)7. W: It's terrible to see so many breaks for advertisements on TV. They should be avoided.M: But I think this is a good chance to give your eyes a rest.Q: What does the man mean? (D)8. M: About 100 million people will travel during the Spring Festival. Most of them will bebehind the wheel!W: But winter weather can make roads dangerous. So take your time and make sure you arrive home safe and sound.Q: What can we learn from the conversation? (B)9. W: Jonny, you should take up a little weight training and you need to go to bed early insteadof watching TV half the night.M: Hey, you're starting to sound like my personal fitness instructor.Q: What does the man mean? (C)10. M: As you know, we Americans cut our kids off when they're 18.W: I wish I could. But we're Greeks. They're ours until they're married.Q: What can we learn from the conversation? (B)Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Burns are the most common injuries, but the right, quick treatment for burns can make a big difference. What should you do if someone suffers a burn?First, look at the burn. Is it a small burn? Doctors say a small burn is about 23 millimeters across. Then ask the victim, "Is your burn very painful?'Surprisingly, more serious burns aren't very painful. A small painful burn isn't serious. Y ou can treat it without a doctor. Put the burn under cold running water for several minutes, which is called "flushing", to cool the burned area. Y ou may have to flush the burn for longer if the victim still feels pain. Don't use ice, which is so cold that it can damage the skin.After flushing, cover the burn with a clean bandage or cloth. Y ou can even use a clean plastic bag. Don't use anything that may stick to the burn. The covering will keep the burn clean and help to stop infection.But what if the burn is more serious? If the victim doesn't feel painful, then it is probably more serious. This sounds strange. But burns that take away a person's feeling have damaged the skin and nerves deep down. If the victim's burn is more than 23 millimeters across, it is also serious. Here is what you need to do with large burns:First remove the victim's clothes or jewelry around the burned area. Then treat the burned area with cool running water. Cover the burned area lightly with a clean cloth and get help fast. If you can get the victim to a doctor more quickly, the victim will have a better chance of recovery. Questions:11. In which situation should the victim be sent to the hospital? (C)12. What should be done to treat a burn? (C)13. Why do we use a covering over a burn? (A)Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.A company V olterman has recently released a smart wallet that takes security to the extreme. It comes with a built-in alarm system, a GPS tracker, and even a front facing camera that takes photos of whoever tries to open it, and sends them to the owner.Wallets almost seem obsolete in this digital age, but the smart wallet isn't your average wallet. Apart from the screen, it packs about as much technology as your smart phone, including a built-in camera, a power bank, a GPS tracker, an alarm system, and even Wi-Fi hotspot capabilities. It maylook like a simple leather wallet on the outside, but it's a whole different one on the inside.Perhaps the most unusual feature of the smart wallet is the built-in front-facing camera. When in "lost mode", the wallet will take pictures whenever someone tries to open it, and the wallet sends the pictures to the owner by connecting to the Internet. This feature is listed as optional, so would-be customers concerned about privacy issues needn't be worried."If someone dares to open your wallet without your permission, the little camera will take a picture and send it to your mobile phone," said the founder of V olterman. "We have developed a wallet, which doesn't get lost. Once your wallet is stolen, you will find it easily by receiving the picture of the thief."Questions:14. What does the smart wallet look like on the outside? (B)15. What will happen when the wallet is stolen? (D)16. What can we learn about the smart wallet? (C)Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.M: Hi, Helene. How are you?W: Hi, David. Well, I'm a little disappointed.M: What's wrong?W: Tonight's concert doesn't end until after Abby's curfew, so she won't be able to go.M: That's too bad.W: Y eah. I won't bend the rules because it's a school night. So what time is your son Jackson's curfew?M: He doesn't have one.W: How does he know when to be home?M: He knows to be home at an appropriate time.W: Doesn't he need more structure?M: We've discussed an appropriate time for him to be home. We trust him to stick to that.W: He's still pretty young. We give Abby strict guidelines.M: Kids certainly need boundaries. But being too strict can discourage them from being responsible.W: Well, teens aren’t always responsible. They can get into a lot of trouble when they're out too late.M: That may be true, but curfews can give parents a false sense of security.W: What do you mean?M: Teens can get into trouble any time of the day.W: But a curfew does reduce the amount of trouble they can get into.M: It might also prevent them from becoming mature. Curfews can cause teens to be too dependent on their parents.W: I don't agree. Abby has a very strict curfew, but she still makes her own decisions.M: Perhaps your Abby is an exception. I know many teens who feel curfews are a punishment. W: Abby understands the curfew is for her benefit. In any case, a curfew works well for us.M: And we're fine without one.Questions:17. Why can’t Abby go to the concert? (A)18. What can we learn about Jackson? (C)19. According to the man, what’s the influence of curfew on children? (D)20. What does Abby think of her curfew? (B)21. that 22. the loudest 23. is encouraged 24. can/may 25. that 26. As 27. making 28. What 29. Because/as 30. covered31-40 D J B G C K A F I H41-55 BADCA BBACA BDACD56-59 DCBA60-62 ABD63-66 C B A D67-70 D A F CFood delivery workers have a higher risk of getting involved in traffic accidents. The large demand for their service, the high pressure from employers and their strong desire to earn more commission lead to their reckless behavior. In some cities, measures like stricter road safety education and more severe punishment have been taken to solve this problem.1.The contest aims at encouraging young people to inherit the Chinese cultural tradition.2.There is no denying that the exposure of personal information may bring about security risks.3.The conflict between people’s d emand for high quality education and the insufficienteducational resources remains to be resolved.4.What surprised us was that the bookworm was ignorant of the news that ShanghaiGreenland Shenhua won the championship of 2017 CFA Cup.。
2018届高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试题(附答案)(2)
2018年高三英语第一次模拟考试时间：120分钟满分：120分命题人：第Ⅰ卷第一部分阅读理解（两节共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（每小题2分，共30分）AExercise is an important part of keeping a healthy lifestyle. Fitness tools and tips can help individuals develop an exercise plan that is not only safe but helps them to work toward a certain goal such as weight loss or running a marathon.Consult Your DoctorBefore beginning the weight loss or exercise program,it is best to consult(咨询) your doctor to make sure that you are in proper health and that there are no possible conditions that could get worse by exercise. Ask your doctor to recommend exercises based on your fitness level that will help you achieve your goals.Set Goals and LimitsWhen beginning a fitness program, it is important to start off slow and work toward a more advanced goal. Begin with short 10-to 20-minute exercise each day to prepare your body for more active exercises and to prevent injury.Drink Plenty of WaterDuring exercise, the body loses liquid from sweating,therefore, it is important to drink lots of water before, during and after exercising. Experts recommend drinking water or sports drinks every 15 to 20 minutes during exercise and more often during more active exercises. Continue to drink water several hours after exercising to refill liquids in the body.Exercise EquipmentExercise equipment such as treadmills(跑步机),exercise bikes and weights is a great way to stay fit when on a busy schedule or on rainy days. Before using exercise equipment athome or in the gym, educate yourself on the proper use of each piece to avoid injury to yourself or damage to the equipment.Tracking ToolsUse tools such as pedometers(计步器) or heart rate monitors can help record calories, steps and heart rate. These tools can help keep dieters and athletes active and eager to reach their health and fitness goals.1.What’s the main purpose of the passage?A.To introduce some ways of exercising.B.To tell us some exercise tips and tools.C.To persuade us to take exercise to keep fit.D.To give us advice on losing weight by exercise.2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.You can lose weight or take exercise in poor health.B.Treadmills are only used in the gym when it rains.C.Starting with long and violent exercise may cause injury.D.You need drink lots of water just before and after exercising.3.How often should we drink water during extreme active and violent exercises?A.Every 10 minutes.B.Every 15 minutes.C.Every 20 minutes.D.Every 30 minutes. BDaniel Boone was born in the United States in 1734. He didn't go toschool and couldn't read, although he learned all about the forests, streams and hunting. He could move silently like an Indian leaving no marks. He loved to live alone in the woods where nothing frightened him.When he grew up, he married and tried to settle down on a farm. Ayear later, however, he wasn't satisfied and decided to go into the unknown western lands, crossing the Appalachian Mountains. When he returned after two years, he became famous for his long journey. He brought valuable animal skins and told stories about the Indians.After this, he chose to keep travelling to unknown places. Once helost to the Indians in battle and was taken away. The Indians liked him and became his friends. Daniel Boone died at the age of 86. He is remembered as an explorer(探险者)and a pioneer wholived an exciting life in the early years of American nation.4.Daniel Boone's early life was mainly spent in ______ .A.learning about natureB.hunting with his friendsC.learning useful skills from the IndiansD.studying at home because he couldn't go to school5. When he got married, Daniel Boone first planned to ______.A. set up a large farmB.go on a journey with his wifeC. find food, new land for his farmD.live a peaceful life with his family6. Daniel Boone became famous because ______ .A.he travelled a lot in the western landsB.he was very good at telling storiesC.he found better animal skins than othersD.he was the first to climb the Appalachian Mountains7. In this article, Daniel Boone is best described as ______ .A. warm-heartedB.strongC.carefulD.braveCI love to read before I go to sleep. It usually makes me feel calm. But a big part of this depends on what I read. I love to read Oor Wullie and The Broons. Very often I’m smiling before I go to sleep.I decide to write about this in a blog because I find that so many of us go to sleep with stress. Before we go to sleep, we may run over the day in our minds, and worry about tomorrow. We also may watch the news on TV, the news on our smart phones or tablets, or even answer work emails. But the news is rarely proclaiming (宣告) all the things that are happening in the world and work emails make us feel that we’re still at work. All these things may leave us a stressful sleep.Oor Wullie and The Broons are not the only things I ever read at night. I sometimes read novels but, with the odd exception, I mostly avoid anything that is too mentally taxing or stimulating late at night unless it’s something that inspires me or is clearly helpful in my life.And even if I do read something mentally stimulating, when I feel myself getting tired I lay that book down and pick up trusty old Oor Wullie or The Broons for the last 10 or 15 minutes.Doing this makes my mind quiet and helps ensure that I get a peaceful sleep. Reading about Wullie or Maw and Paw Broon is like a comfort blanket for me.I’d suggest you find light-hearted reading as a comfort blanket at bedtime,especially if you find yourself stressed or depressed a lot of the time,or if you find difficulty winding at the end of a day. It is the thing that can gently turn your attention towards lightness and ease.If your material makes you laugh, then you may feel even better. Several studies show that laughter boosts happy chemicals in the brain. It strengthens the immune system, it’s good for the heart, and it is most definitely good for mental health. It even helps us improve our relationships. And if you do happen to pick up a copy of Oor Wullie or The Broons, I hope you find it just as entertaining as I do.8.What can we learn about Oor Wullie and The Broons?A.They make people run over the past days.B.They are the best books to be read before people sleep.C.They are extremely popular with young people.D.They make people feel relaxed and happy.9.What can we know from the text?A.Oor Wullie and The Broons are the author’s favorite books.B.A comfortable blanket makes people go to sleep easily.C.The author sometimes reads something about inspiration.D.Reading something stimulating at night helps get a peaceful sleep.10.What is Paragraph 6 mainly about?A.What material brings us laughter.B.How laughter affects our health.C.What benefits laughter brings to us.D.Why laughter is good for us.11.What’s the main purpose of the text?A.To show the importance of reading before sleeping.B.To prove the importance of a good mood before sleeping.C.To tell us how to make ourselves stay relaxed before sleeping.D.To explain how to choose a book worthy to be read before sleeping.DPollution’s serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.As we know, the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and resources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity (生物多样性),improved air and water quality, less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Green buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality, improving the health of people who live there.The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. Building designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition, recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings, reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long distances.Careful site selection is important to minimize (使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example, placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes (微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well, so it is important to build the small ones.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants, which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low, prevent water running off and deal with pollutants. Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection, recycling and waste reduction. In addition, renewable energy sources such as solar power, water power and wind power are used for heat and electricity, which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the environment.12.What can we know about green buildings?A.Producing no waste.B.Only using clean energy.C.Being made of new materials.D.Being environment-friendly.13. What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?A. Large.B. Small.C. Green.D. Low.14. What is the purpose of using green roofs?A.To fit the environment.B.To keep warm.C.To collect nature water.D.To reduce costs.15. What is the text mainly about?A. Promoting energy efficiency.B. Environmental benefits.C. Green buildings.D. Ecosystems and biodiversity.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）How to avoid a boring conversationWhat excuses should you use to avoid talking to people you don’t want to talk to? Here are tips and in offensive ways to get out of unwanted conversations.1.Go for a refill (续杯).It is natural for anyone at a party to be excused to get a refill.16And once you excuse yourself, make a move fast before the person requests you to get a refill for him as well.2. Pretend bad mood.Cut off the conversation before it starts by saying something along the lines of “I’m not in a good mood. Can I talk to you later if you don’t mind?17Say it firmly so that people get the message loud and clear.3. Ask your friend to save you.18Simply text your friend and ask him or her to come for apparently something important. You will be able to skip a boring chat with a seemingly reasonable excuse.4. 19You are advised to look away from that person and don’t make eye contact, so that you can give powerful hints (暗示) that you find the conversation extremely boring. 20Be sure to tune in to the conversation every now and then so you don’t come across as rude.A. Behave in an obviously careless way.B. Just be sure that the person you are talking to does not offer to accompany you to do so.C. Don’t act too polite in an attempt to draw sympathy.D. Use body language to indicate boredom.E. Your friend is bound to perform brilliantly in coping with the dull one.F. Look elsewhere and pretend that something else has caught your attention.G. Stuck in an unwanted conversation, how do you get out of it?第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）Mildred Webinga Freeman was an English teacher at the new middleschool I attended in the ninth grade. She wasn’t my21; she was the adviser to the safety patrol (巡逻队) on which I22. I loved being around her and23her sense of humor and kind personality. She was 24 a good listener.At the end of the year, she25that she was moving to Florida, and Iwas very sad. We exchanged26and became pen pals. I could tell her 27, and she treated me28respect even though I was a teenager.In Florida, Mrs.Freeman became a Realtor (房地产经纪人), 29she managed to find time to write letters. She wrote30stories and always took my concerns 31 . She had given me a (n)32invitation to visit, and I missed her so much. When I33to take her up on the 34, she answered, “Get your shoes on and your bags35! You are welcome anytime!”I spent three weeks with her in Miami. Her 36of poetry, music,and creative writing37me to follow these endeavors (努力). One day38hanging sheets on the clothesline, she39and said, “You know,the sky is fuel for the soul.” I had never looked at the40before hearing those words. Two years later, I received a call that Mrs. Freeman had passed away.21. A.mother B.friend C.classmate D.teacher22. A.served B.advised C.expected D.led23. A.shared B.enjoyed C.imagined D.found24. A.never B.just C.still D.also25. A.knew B.announced C.thought D.realized26. A.addresses B.gifts C.views D.roles27. A.many B.much C.everything D.something28. A.in B.as C.with D.to29. A.so B.but C.or D.for30. A.amusing B.different C.emotional D.ordinary31. A.immediately B.carefully C.seriously D.privately32. A.urgent B.lucky C.ambiguous D.open33. A.decided B.hesitated C.wrote D.hurried34. A.offer B.promise C.excuse D.message35. A.bought B.found C.filled D.packed36. A.love B.dream C.sense D.feeling37. A.persuaded B.encouraged C.forced D.allowed38. A.before B.once C.while D.after39. A.looked over B.looked out C.looked up D.looked down40. A.clouds B.flowers C.people D.houses第Ⅱ卷第二节语法填空（给出词的填词的正确形式，没有给出词的填冠词，介词，连词或副词。
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V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 你能感受到大数据给现代生活带来的冲击吗？(impact)73. 我们在向西方学习的时候不能丢弃自己独特的文化特征。
(abandon)74. 上个月竣工的游乐园每天向公众开放，逢星期一休息。
(except)75. 如今，越来越多的人喜欢在网上购物，这就促进了快递业的蓬勃发展。
(which) Keys:72. Can you feel the impact of big data on modern life?73. We can’t abandon our own unique cultural features when we learn from the West.74. The amusement park completed last month is open to the public every day except on Mondays.75. Nowadays, more and more people prefer to shop online, which contributes to the booming of the express delivery industry.2018年上海市普陀区高三英语一模试卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 众所周知, 与他人和睦相处是生活幸福的要素之一。
(As)73. 你认为以健康为代价来获取名利值得吗? (worthwhile)74. 学生们接触到金融问题的年龄越小，就越有可能成为能有效地管理资产且有责任心的成年人。
(expose)75. 各行各业的人民群众对“不忘初心，牢记使命。
”这句话都有自己深刻的理解。
(saying)Keys:72. As we all know/ As is known to all,getting along well with others is one of the factors forhappiness in life.73. Do you think it worthwhile to gain fame and wealth at the cost of health?74. The younger the students are when (they are) exposed to financial issues,the more likely they are to become responsible adults who can manage their finances effectively.75. (saying) People from all walks of life all have their own understanding of the saying, “Remain true to our original aspiration and keep our mission firmly in mind.”/“Staying true to our founding mission.”2018年上海市金山区高三英语一模试卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72．越来越多的高中生开始关注他们的职业生涯规划。
(attention)73．只有通过乘船周边的居民才能容易地到达这个岛上。
(Only)74．缺乏学习意识是他在上周考试中失败的原因。
(account)75．那家超市很受欢迎，因为它提供给顾客合理的价格，令人轻松的氛围和范围广泛的产品。
(range)Keys:72. More and more senior high school students start to pay attention to their career planning.73. Only by boat can the nearby residents/inhabitants have easy access to this island. /get to/reach/arrive at this island easily.74. His lack of/His lacking study consciousness/awareness accounts for his failure in the exam last week.75. The supermarket is very popular, because it provides customers with reasonable prices, a relaxing atmosphere and a wide range of products.2018年上海市松江区高三英语一模试卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 我们在国外旅游时，应当遵循当地的风俗。
(observe)73. 毫无疑问，越来越多的公司会认可“共享经济”。
(doubt)74. 只有当环境问题被看作第一要务时它才有可能得到解决。
(Only)75. 如今，随着中国消费者越来越富裕，健康意识越来越强，快餐业在中国的发展也举步维艰。
(find)Keys:72. When traveling abroad, we should observe the local customs.73. There is no doubt that more and more companies will accept “Sharing Economy”.74. Only when the environmental problem is regarded as the top priority will it be likely to be solved.75. Nowadays, with Chinese consumers becoming richer and their awareness / consciousness of health stronger, fast food industry is finding / finds it difficult to develop in China2018年上海市杨浦区高三英语一模试卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。
(aim)73. 不可否认个人信息的泄露可能会带来安全风险。
(denying)74. 人们对高质量教育的需求和不够充足的教育资源之间的矛盾有待解决。
(remain)75. 令我们吃惊的是那个书呆子对上海绿地申花赢得了2017中国足协杯(CFA Cup) 冠军的消息一无所知。
(ignorant)Keys:72. The contest aims at encouraging young people to inherit the Chinese cultural tradition.73. There is no denying that the exposure of personal information may bring about security risks.74. The conflict between people’s demand for high quality education and the insufficient educational resources remains to be resolved.75. What surprised us was that the bookworm was ignorant of the news that Shanghai Greenland Shenhua won the championship of 2017 CFA Cup.2018年上海市青浦区高三英语一模试卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.这位专家应对变化的能力令人赞不绝口。
（compliment)73.手机支付在我们的日常生活中越来越重要，现在我们出门无需带现金了。
（save)74.如果杂志社的编辑能真正理解这位摄影师所面对的困难，就不会对他所做的事吹毛求疵了。
(critical)75.正是因为有高度的责任感和丰富的实践经验，这位乡村老师才培养出了一批批优秀的学生。
(It is...)Keys:72. The specialist was paid a compliment on his ability to cope with change all the time.He was complimented on his ability to cope with change all the time.73. Mobile payment is playing an increasingly important/a more and more important part in ourdaily life, saving us the trouble of taking cash.74. If the editor of the magazine (office) can really understand the pressure the photographer hassuffered from, he or she will not be critical of what he or she has done.75. It was because of a strong sense of responsibility and much practical/working experience thatthe teacher who worked in the countryside cultivated a great number of excellent students.2018年上海市宝山区高三英语一模试卷V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 他仍难以用英语表达自己的想法。