人教版高二英语选修八 Unit2 Cloning 知识点讲解

Unit 2 Working the land(耕作土地，在田间耕作) 一．单词考点Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending1.struggle的用法⑴作vi.时，“斗争；拼搏；努力”搭配：for...为……而斗争struggle against...与……作斗争with...与……并肩作战to do sth....努力做某事eg:Millions of people are struggling for survival.⑵作n.时，[C]“斗争；奋斗；努力”搭配：with sb.for sth.与某人一起支持某事的斗争a struggle with sb.against sth.与某人一起反对某事的斗争with sb.to do sth.与某人一起努力做某事between A and B A与B之间的斗争eg:It is a struggle between good and evil.2.hunger的用法⑴作n时，[U]“饥饿”[C]“渴望，欲望”搭配：with hunger因为/由于饥饿die of hunger死于饥饿have a (strong) hunger for sth.(强烈)渴望某物eg:She has a strong hunger for knowledge.⑵作vi时，“渴求；渴望得到”搭配：hunger for/after...渴望得到hunger to do sth.渴望做某事eg:We all hunger for others’ understanding.3.disturbingadj 引起烦恼的；令人不安的—disturbedadj(感到)心烦意乱的；烦恼的—disturbvt使不安eg:What he said was disturbing.4.expand v “使变大；伸展”的用法搭配：expand...into...把……扩展/发展成……expand into...扩展/膨胀成……expand (up)on阐述，详谈eg:①Tom is expanding his story into a novel.②Expand this sentence into a paragraph.区别：expand,extend,enlarge,stretch⑴expand指范围、体积的扩大，尤指向四面八方扩大、扩张。

⑵extend指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长。

强调向某一方向延长。

⑶enlarge指面积、体积的扩大。

⑷stretch指手掌、手臂、腰、腿、颈由曲变直，由短变长，即伸展或伸出，多与out连用；还有“拉紧，拉直”之意。

5.rid“摆脱”的用法短语：rid sb./sth.of sb./sth.使某人/某物摆脱某人/某物get rid of sb./sth.摆脱某人/某物；除去某人/某物6.would rather“宁愿，宁可”搭配：do sth.would ratherthat从句(一般虚拟语气)would rather do...than do...=would do...rather than do...“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”(注：rather than可位于句首，表示强调。

)eg:①I'd rather you went home now.②I would rather you came tomorrow.③I'd rather you had stayed at home last night.7.therefore adv “因此；所以；因而”的用法eg:He was caught cheating in the exam and therefore,he was punished by the school.区别：therefore,so⑴therefore常用逗号隔开；表示推理，重点放在therefore所在的句子上，因此结论通常没有必然性。

⑵so非正式用词，用于简洁的会话和平时的对话中，推论不必严密。

8.equip vt“装备，配备”(—equipment n.[U]“设备；装备”)搭配：equip sb.with sth.用某物装备某人equip sb./sth.for...为……装备某人/某物be equipped with装备，配备；安装be equipped for...对……有准备；准备好……be equipped to do sth.使某人有准备做某事eg:Our classroom is equipped with an air conditioner.9.export的用法⑴作vt&vi时，“出口；输出”eg:①We export rice but import wheat.②China exports to many other countries.⑵作n时，[U]“出口”[C]“出口产品，输出产品”eg:①Half of our products are for export.②Rubber is the country’s major export.[U]进口，输入；[C尤作复数]进口产品注：反义词为：import n&vteg:The country has to import most of its grain.10.occupation n[C]“工作，职业”[U]“侵占，占领”区别：occupation,profession,career,job⑴occupation,指一般意义上的“职业”，任何职业都可叫做occupation；填表格时的“职业”。

⑵profession,“职业”指带有知识性的专门职业，从业者经过特殊教育和训练，如：医生、律师、教师等。

⑶career,“职业，生涯”，强调人们可多年、甚至终生从事的职业。

适用性比profession广。

⑷job“工作”可数名词。

可指任何有收益的工作，长期的或是临时的，不需培训的力气活或要求极高的专业工作。

Section B Learning about Language1.confuse vt“使迷惑，使为难”的用法confuse vt—confused adj“糊涂的，困惑的”—confusing adj“令人迷惑的，模糊不清的”搭配：confuse...with...把……和……弄混eg:Don't confuse the word "weather"with"whether".2.regret的用法⑴作vt时，“遗憾，惋惜，懊悔”搭配：to do sth.遗憾要做某事regret doing sth.后悔做过某事sth./that从句/what从句eg:①I regret that I will not be with you on such important occasion.②I regretted to tell you that he had been dismissed.⑵作n时，[U,C]“遗憾，懊悔”搭配：with great/deep regret非常遗憾地to one's regret令某人感到遗憾的是eg:I have no regrets,I only regret taking the wrong job.Section C Using Language1.build up的用法⑴“增多，增强，加大”eg:My stress built up as time went on.⑵“建立，开发”eg:We built up this business after ten years' struggle.⑶增强……的体质；使更加强壮eg:You should eat lots of fruit to build yourself up.区别：build up,put up,set up⑴build up,“(逐步)建立，建造，建设”常指建造较大的物体。

⑵put up着重指建造、搭起有一定高度的具体的物体。

口语中，set up和build也有此意。

put up还有“张贴”之意。

⑶set up“开办，建立”常和表示组织、机构、团体等的名词连用，与found基本相同，但found更侧重基础。

2.lead to v的用法⑴导致，造成(后果)eg:What on earth led to so many mine disaster?⑵通向，通往eg:All roads lead to Rome.3.in addition另外，加之(=as well)in addition to介除……之外(还)(=besides)eg:In addition,there is one more point to make.4.turn to介转向，求助于eg:①Let's turn to more important matters now.②I have no one to turn to except you.turn短语：turn around翻身，转身turn down调小；拒绝turn up调高；出现，露面turn in上交turn into使变成turn away转过脸去；拒绝帮助turn on/off打开/关掉turn out结果是，证明是；出席，在场5.focus的用法⑴作v时，集中(注意力、精力等)于……；对准焦距搭配：focus on“集中(注意力、精力等)于……；关注……”；“焦点对准……”focus/fix/concentrate one's attention/mind (up)on集中注意力/心思于focus sth.on集中某物于/把某物对准……eg:①The discussion focuses on three main problems.②He quickly focused the camera on the rabbit.⑵作n时，焦点，焦距搭配：in focus焦点对准，清晰out of focus焦点没对准，模糊bring...into focus使……成为焦点eg:①I got her in focus before I took the photo.②The children’s faces are badly out of focus in the photograph.③The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into focus.6.keep...free of/from使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物质)eg:Keep the children free of/from harm.短语：keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事keep sth.from sb.不将某事告诉某人keep sb. /sth.off sb./sth.使某人、某物不接近或不接触某人、某物keep in touch with与……保持联系keep…in mind把……记在心里keep back阻止；扣留；隐瞒keep off勿踏，勿踩；不接近，不接触keep up保持；继续keep away from避开；不接近keep up with跟上keep to介坚持；遵守，信守7.reduce v减少，缩小，降低；减缩搭配：reduce to...减少(降低、缩小)到……reduce by...减少(降低、缩小)了……陷入某种境况，被迫……be reduced to介eg:①Try to reduce the amount of fat in your diet.②The workforce has been reduced by about 30 percent.ment的用法⑴作v时，“表达意见”搭配：comment (up)on sth.对某事作出评论eg:I'm not in a position to comment on the matter.⑵作n时，[C,U]议论，评论[U]批评，指责搭配：without comment未作任何解释no comment无可奉告(通常用于回答记者的问题)make comment on/upon/about sb./sth.对某人/某事作出评论eg:①My English teacher made helpful comments on my writing.②—Will you divorce(离婚)her?—No comment!二．课文考点Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending1.if so“如果这样的话”的用法so代替前面的分句或整个句子，构成缩略条件句，语意由上下文得知。