高中英语人教版必修一-Unit4-课文内容
必修一Unit4 课文内容
1.You have time to take only one thing.
time后接不定式短语to take only one thing作定语。
△动词不定式作后置定语
动词不定式可以做后置定语，修饰前面的名词或代词，一般强调动作将要发生。
Have you got anything to send?
I have nothing to say.
△不定式与所修饰词间的关系可有一下4种：
⑴主谓关系
被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。如：
We need someone to help with the work. （someone will help with the work）
⑵动宾关系
被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如：
I have many letters to write. （to write many letters）
⑶同位关系
不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。如：
We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng.
⑷状语关系
被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。如：
That's the way to do it. 那样做才对。
I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。
△作定语的不定式如果含有不及物动词，且不定式所修饰的名词或代词表示地点、工具等，不定式后需要有相应的介词，但当不定时所修饰的名词是time, place或way时，不定式后的介词通常省去。
Please give me a knife to cut with.
Mary had no money and no place to live.
△辨析：动名词、现在分词做定语
⑴动名词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系，只表示被修饰名词的一般
用途,必须位于名词之前。如:
There is a swimming pool in our school.
⑵现在分词作定语时，和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，表示所修饰名词的特征，
一般强调动作正在发生。如:
Listen to the singing bird.
Who is the boy running towards us。
练习：
⑴ Bird’s singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______ away.
A. to stay
B. staying
C. stayed
D. stay
⑵ The ability ________ an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A. expressing
B. expressed
C. to express
D. to be expressed
2.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.
△too... to...结构
该句型在多数情况下表示否定意义，通常为“太……而不能……，太……而无法……”。该结构用法说明如下：
⑴ too为副词，修饰形容词或其他副词。to为不定式符号，其后接动词原形。
The hat is too large to wear.
He walks too slowly to get there on time.
⑵不定式作结果状语，常用主动形式，其逻辑主语有时是句子的主语，有时不是，若不是，不
定式的逻辑主语通常由for引出。
The book is too difficult for us to read.
She was too short to reach the apples on the table.
⑶该句型可以与“so ...that...”，“not ...enough to...”句型转换。
She is too short to reach the book on the shelf.
= She is not tall enough to reach the book on the shelf.
= She is so short that she can’t reach the book on the shelf.
△⑴ too... to...有时也可以表示肯定的意义：
too后跟ready, eager, willing, pleased, glad等表示心情或倾向性的形容词时
too前有only, all等副词对其进行修饰时
He is too eager to know the result of the examination.
I am only too glad to accept your invitation.
⑵ can/could not... too/enough结构常出现在情景对话中，表示“再怎样也不未过，无论怎
么也不够”。
You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.
I cannot thank you enough.
练习：
⑴同义句转换：
① The boy is too young to join the army.
=
② It is too cold for the students to play on the playground.
=
③ The teacher’s question was too difficult that the students couldn’t answer it. =
⑵– Must I turn off the lights after work?
– Of course. You can never be _______ careful to do that.
A. enough
B. too
C. so
D. very
3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
△此句为简单句，该句中的looking for places to hide作ran的伴随状语，状语中动作look for与句子的谓语ran表示的动作同时发生。
△现在分词作伴随状语
现在分词表示主动，所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作是同时或几乎同时发生的。现在分词作状语，是对谓语动词所表示的动作或状态的补充说明。现在分词作伴随状语的具体用法如下：
⑴现在分词作伴随状语时其逻辑主语为句子的主语，且现在分词与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主
谓关系。
⑵现在分词所表示的动作是伴随着句子的谓语动词表示的动作而发生或存在的，是主语的另一
个、较次要的动作。
⑶现在分词作伴随状语，可位于句首或句末。
⑷现在分词作伴随状语时没有相应的状语从句可以与之相互转换，但可以转换为相应的并列
句。
He sat at the table reading China Daily.
She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. (= She came into the house, and carried
a lot of books.)
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. (= He lay on the grass, and stared at the sky for a long time.)
练习：
用括号内动词的适当形式填空
① The sunlight is white and blinding, _______ (throw) shadows on the ground.
② Do you wake up every morning _______ (feel) energetic and ready to start a new day?
4.It seemed as if the world was at an end!
本句为主从复合句，其中as if引导的表语从句，该从句用了陈述语气。
△as if引导从句的用法
as if意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导方式状语从句与表语从句。其意义和用法与as though相同。
⑴引导表语从句，常置于系动词look, seem, sound等之后。
She looks as though/if she were ten years younger.
⑵引导方式状语从句，用来修饰主句的谓语。
The child talks to us as though/if he were a grown-up.
⑶ as though/if引导的从句有时用省略形式，as though/if后面可接形容词、副词、不定式、
名词、分词、或介词短语等。
He acted as though/if (he were) a fool.
Tom raised his hand as though/if (he were going) to say something.
⑷ as though/if从句的语气：
①如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，那么从句就用陈述语气；
②如果从句所表示的情况没有依据，只是表达一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，那么就用虚拟语
气，用法如下：
You treat them as if/though they were your parents.
He kept working as though/if nothing had happened.
It looks as though/if it is going to snow.
练习：
用括号内词的适当形式填空
⑴ Eliza remembers everything as if it ______ (happen) yesterday.
⑵ He talked about the book as though he ______ (read) it. In fact, he didn’t read
it.
⑶ The sky looks so dark that it looks as though it _________.
5.⑴One-third of the nation felt it.
⑵ All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes
were gone.
△“分数/百分数 + of + 名词”作主语时的主谓一致问题
“分数/百分数+ of +名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后面的名词的单复数来决定。
About one third of the books are worth reading.
Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.
About 20 percent of the students are absent today.
△“ some of, plenty of, a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, part of, the majority of... + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后接的名词决定。
The rest of the money belongs to you.
The rest of the students are praised.
A lot of students are waiting impatiently outside.
A lot of money has been wasted for no reason.
△⑴分数的表达法：
分子在前，分母在后；分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子是2或大于2时，分母用复数形式。
one fourth three fifths two thirds two and three fifths
⑵百分数的表达法：
百分数是有基数词和百分号或percent构成的
thirty-five percent
练习：
⑴ One-third of the country ______ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens
______ black people.
A, is; are B. is; is C. are; are D. are; is
⑵ The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which ______ saved
for other purposes.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
6.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.
本句是and连接的并列句，many children were left without parents是left many children without parents的被动形式。without parents为介宾短语，在句中充当主语补足语，表示主语所处的状态。
△“leave + 宾语 + 宾补”结构
在该结构中leave表示“使处于……状态”，其后通常接复合宾语，其中宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、现在分词、介宾短语等充当。其常见结构如下：
⑴ leave + 宾语 + 形容词/副词/介词短语
Don’s leave the door open.
He hurried home, leaving his keys in the office.
⑵ leave + 宾语 + 现在分词，表示使某人或某物一直做某事。其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之
间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。
Don’t leave me waiting outside too long.
⑶ leave + 宾语 + 过去分词，表示宾语所处的状态或动作已经完成。其中宾语与构成宾补的
动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系。
The bad weather left the project half finished.
⑷ leave + 宾语 + 名词
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.
练习：
用leave的相关结构完成句子。
⑴工作不要半途而废。
Don’t _________________________________________________________________.
⑵他直接上床睡觉了，没有关电视。
He went to bed straight, ___________________________________________________.
7.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first
one shook Tangshan.
本句为主从复合句，定语从句which was almost as strong as the first one修饰先行词another big quake。本句中的as strong as属于“as... as”结构。
△“as...as”结构
⑴ as... as结构表示同级比较，意为“和……一样”，其中第一个as是副词，第二个as是连
词。
⑵ as... as结构可用于肯定句或否定句中，该结构用于否定句时可与“so... as”结构互换。
⑶ as... as结构的几种形式：
as + adj./adv. (原级) + as
as + adj. + a/an + 单数可数名词 + as
as many + 可数名词复数 + as
as much + 不可数名词 +as
He doesn’t play the piano so/as well as his elder sister.
His bedroom is as neat as his elder sister’s.
He is as honest a man as you.
You’ve made as many mistakes as I have.
I can carry as much paper as you can.
△ as (so)... as结构有时可采用省略形式，即保留as (so)...，把后面的as以及其后的成分一同省略。
The piano in that shop will be cheaper, but not as/so good (as the pianos in this shop).
△as... as结构若有表示倍数的修饰词twice, half等，需要把修饰的词置于第一个as前面→“倍数表达法”，用法如下：
A + 谓语动词 + 倍数 + as + adj./adv. + as + B
The tree is twice as tall as the house.
He runs three times as fast as her. 他跑步是她的3倍快。
练习：
⑴ This restaurant wasn’t ______ that other restaurant we went to.
A. half as good as
B. as half good as
C. as good as half
D. good as half as
⑵ Exercise is ______ as any other to lose weight.
A. so useful a way
B. as a useful way
C. as useful a way
D. such a useful way
⑶用as... as结构完成句子
①第一课与第二课一样容易。
_______________________________________________________________________
② Jack与Kate一样努力学习。
_______________________________________________________________________
③我很少看到妈妈像现在这样对我的进步这么满意。
_______________________________________________________________________
8.All hope was not lost.
△部分否定
表示部分否定时，用否定副词not与表示整体或全部意义的词every, everyone, everybody, everything, both, all连用，意为“并不都是；不全是”。
Not both of his sisters agree to his suggestion.
It is true that he is rich, but he must know money is not everything.
All bamboo doesn’t grow well. = Not all bamboo grows tall.
Both of them haven’t read this story. = Not both of them have read this story.
Every man is not honest. = Not everyman is honest.
△⑴全部否定的表达方式：
表示全部否定意义的词（no, none, nobody, nothing, neither, either等）+ 表示肯定意义的谓语。
None of them will attend the meeting to be held this Sunday.
None of these things are mine.
⑵表示肯定意义的词变为全部否定的情况：
all → none both → neither every → no
everybody → nobody everyone → no one everything → nothing everywhere → nowhere
练习：
It’s an either-of situation –we can buy a new car this year or we can go on a holiday but we can’t do ________.
A. others
B. either
C. another
D. both
9.Here are my neighbours whose home was destroyed by the earthquake.
本句是一个复合句。Here位于句首，句子使用了全部倒装，即把谓语are放在主语my neighbours 前面。whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词my neighbours.
△here, there等副词位于句首引起的全部倒装
here, there, out, up等表示方向或方位的副词位于句首时，句子要用全部倒装。全部倒装是
指将全部谓语提至主语前面。此种情况中谓语动词常为表示位置移动的动词且主语为名词。
Here is your letter.
There goes the bell.
Out rushed a boy.
△上述情况中，当主语时名词时用全部倒装；当主语是代词时，则部分不倒装。
Here he comes.
Here you are.
△归纳总结：
表示地点的介词短语与上述副词一样，位于句首时，句子使用全部倒装。表地点的介词短语位于句首是为了强调地点概念。这时谓语动词通常为be, stand, lie, come, walk, sit等。
In the distance lies a car.
Inside the parcel was a letter.
In the front of the lecture hall sits a professor.
练习：
⑴ Up ______ into the air. Then the crowd cheered up.
A. go the balloons
B. did the balloons go
C. went the balloons
D. the balloons went
⑵ At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River __________, one of
the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing
B. Chongqing lies
C. does lie Chongqing
D. does Chongqing lie
△部分倒装结构
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1) 表示否定或半否定的词语置于句首时，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no
time, in no way, not until…等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.
→ Not until the child fell asleep, did my mother left the room.
⑵ only在句首要倒装的情况（主倒从不倒）
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
⑶ as或though引导的倒装句
as/though引导的让步状语从句必须将表语或状语提前（即把形容词，副词，分词，行为动词提前）。
①句首名词不能带任何冠词。
②句首是行为动词时，其他助动词放在主语后。如果行为动词有宾语和状语，随行为动词一
起放在主语之前。
Student as you are, you should try our best to learn English well.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中，有though, although时，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用。
Though the pain was bad, yet he did not complain.
⑷其他部分倒装
①so… that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
②在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had,
should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。
If he were here, she would agree too.
→Were she here, she would agree too
If it should rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.
→Should it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the match.
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life.
→Had we found him earlier we could have saved his life.
10.Our office would like to have you speak to the park visitors on July 28 at 11:00 am.
本句为简单句，其中have you speak为“have + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，这里的have为使役动词，意为“让，使”，动词speak在此作宾语补足语。
△“have + 宾语 + 宾补”结构
常见形式：
△在使役动词let, make, have之后用作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。
练习：
⑴ Claire had her luggage _______ an hour before her plane left.
A. check
B. checking
C. to check
D. checked
⑵用括号内词的适当形式填空
① The teacher had her __________ (read) the article again.
② Be careful, or you’ll have your wallet __________ (steal).
③ He had the boy ___________ (stand) in the classroom the whole morning.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）