英语本科毕业论文 范文
英语专业毕业论文范文(1)
英语专业毕业论文范文A Brief Analysis of english teaching in senior high schoolAbstract: Classroom teaching is the main way for students to learn En glish. But in senior high school, a lots of probelms still exsit in t he English teaching especially in the teaching of reading and writing. In this paper, the importance and methods of reading and writing w ill be further discussed. Key words: reading writing techniqu esIntroduction: Classes should be learner-centered, with meaningful, fu nctional activities, often, classes begin by finding out what the stu dents don’t know. These classes operate on the assumption that there is a great deal of information that students lack and that the teache r and textbooks will impact that information to the students. Teacher s who hold this assumption view students as plants waiting passively to be fed and watered. But I think the students should be regarded as explorers, active learners who bring a great deal to the learning pr ocess and at the same time, draw from their environment as they devel op new understandings. The basic principle will be used in the teachi ng of reading and writing.Section One------ How to teach readingI. Why teach readingThere are many reasons why getting students to read English texts is an im portant part of the teacher’s job. In the first place, many of them want to be able to read texts in English either for their career s, for study purposes or simply for pleasure. Anything we can do to m ake reading easier for them must be a good idea.Reading texts provide good models for English writing, provide opp ortunities to study language vocabulary, grammar, punctuation, and th e way to construct sentences, paragraphs and texts. Lastly, good read ing texts can introduce interesting topics, stimulate discussion, exc ite imaginative responses and be the springboard for well-rounded, fa scinating lessons.The last but not the least, students must read widely because only a fraction of knowledge about the world can come from other experien ces in their short lives.II. What kind of reading should students do?When the teachers give reading class to students, they should noti ce a balance----a balance to be struck between real English on the on e hand and the students’ capabilities and interests on the other. There is some authentic written material which beginner students can un derstand to some degree: menus, timetables, signs and basic instructi ons, for example, and, where appropriate, teachers can use these. But for longer prose, teachers can offer their students texts, which, wh ile being like English, are nevertheless written or adapted especiall y for their level. Anyway, the materials to be read should be interes ting and meaningful. Teachers should become better acquainted with bo oks written specially for teenagers and dealing with their problems. III. What are the principles behind the teaching of reading?i) Permit Students To ReadNo one has learned to swim by practicing the skills of backstrokes, f lutter kicks or treading water while staying on the edge of the swimm ing pool. Yet, in the teaching of reading teachers often do just that. Rather than let the students into “the water”, teachers keep them in skills books learning rules about letters, syllables or definition s of words rather than letting them into the book itself, permitting them to be immersed in the language which comes from the authors as the readers try to reconstruct the written message.ii) Encourage students to respond to the content of a reading text, n ot just to the languageOf course, it is important to study reading texts for the way they us e language, how many paragraphs they contain and how many times they use relative clauses. But the meaning, the message of the text, is mu ch more important. Teachers should help students understand that the main reason to read is for them. They have to have their own purpose to read and reading must make sense, they have to find ways of doing something about it. They should be encouraged either to reread or to continue reading to gain meaning. But they must realize that the mean ing is not in the teacher, but in the interaction between the reader and author. Students should be encouraged to ask themselves repeatedl y, “Does this make sense to me?” Students should be encouraged to r eject and to be intolerant of reading materials that do not make sens e.iii) Encourage students to guess or predictReaders’ guesses or predictions are based on the cumulative infor mation and syntactic structure they have been learning as they have b een reading. Therefore, their guesses are more often than not appropr iate to the materials. Students have to realize that risk taking in r eading is appropriate; that using context to decide what words mean i s a proficient reading strategy and that they have the language sense to make appropriate guesses which can fit both the grammatical and s emantic sense of what they are reading.iv) Match the task to the topicOnce a decision has been taken about what kind of reading text the students are going to read, teachers need to choose good reading tas ks—the right kind of questions and useful puzzles, etc. Asking borin g and inappropriate questions can undermine the most interesting text; the most commonplace passage can be made really exciting with imagin ative and challenging tasks. Working in groups, the English teacher a nd students take turns asking each other questions following the read ing. The teacher may ask, “ What is the significance of the characte r’s age?” These questions require inferences based on details from the reading text.Section Two------How to teach writing (Developing correctness in stud ents’ writing)“Students learn to write by writing, and they learn to write co rrectly by writing, revising, and proofreading their own work”---wit h some help or direction from the teacher when it is necessary. They do not learn to write correctly by studying about writing or doing is olated workbook exercises unrelated to their own writing. So, the mos t important technique a teacher can use to guide students toward gram matically correct writing is to let them write, let them write things related to their own experiences. There is no limit to the kinds of text the teacher can ask students to write. Teachers’ decisions, tho ugh, should based on how much language the students know, what their interests are.“Do I read a paper and ignore all punctuation, what good is that for studentsWe spend hours at night with papers---I’m not sure the students get as much from it as the time I spend on it.”These comments by senior high school English teachers discussing the process of marking student papers reflect the dissatisfaction an d frustration of many teachers over the problem of dealing with the e rrors in student writing-----the obvious mistakes in spelling, punctu ation----Traditionally, teachers have worked to correct errors in two ways: by teaching grammatically correctness through exercise in gram mar texts; by pointing out all errors when making student papers.Most students find it very dispiriting if they get a piece of wr itten work back and it is covered in red ink, underlings and crossing -out. It is a powerful visual statement of the fact that their writte n English is terrible. Of course, some pieces of written work are com pletely full of mistakes, but even in these cases, the teacher has toachieve a balance between being accurate and truthful on the one han d and treating students sensitively and sympathetically on the other.Some techniques can be used in dealing with the errors in studen t papers:i) SelectivityRather than engage in intensive error-correction when responding to s tudent writing, teachers are encouraged to adopt a more moderate appr oach to error. If the teacher over-corrects the students’ mistakes, the students would be likely to focus on errors instead of ideas. Stu dents are more likely to grow as writers when the teacher’s primary purpose in reading student papers is to respond to content. However, if attention to content and correctness are combined when making pape rs, it is more helpful to select one or two kinds of errors the indiv idual student is making than to point out every error in the paper. T he teacher can identify a selected error, show an example or two on t he student paper, and either explain the correct form or direct the s tudent to a handbook for further explanation. It is always worth writ ing a comment at the end of a piece of written work -----anything fro m “Well done” to “This is a good story, but you must look again at your use of past tenses---see X grammar book page xx.”ii) Error-analysisAnother method for working with student error, one that can be especi ally fruitful for teachers, is to approach it from an analytic perspe ctive. Teachers, as error-analyst, look for patterns in the errors of an individual student, tries to discover how the mistake arrived at the mistakes by analyzing the error (Lack of knowledge about a certai n grammatical point; A careless one or a mis-learned rule?), and plan s strategies accordingly.iii) Publish Student WritingThe final basic strategy is publishing. Students need a reason for la boring over a draft until it is perfect; the urge to see oneself in p rint can be a powerful drive toward revision and proofreading.Conclusion: As teachers to the students who are in senior high sch ool, t hey should learn to turn students’ hard work toward supporting the language strengths students already have, proving students with a feeling of success, finding materials and planning classroom experie nces will turn students on to reading and writing, the reading and wr iting will develop with much greater ease than it does at the present time.Reference:Gu Xueliang, The Basic Technical Training in English Teaching, Hangzhou University Press, 1998.Wilga M.Rivers & Mary S. Temperley, A practical guide to the teaching of English as a second or foreign Language, New York: Oxford Univers ity Press, 1978Smith F. Understanding Reading (2d ed), New York: Holt, Rinehart an d Winston, 1978毕业答辩注意事项及技巧1、自己为什么选择这个课题？2、研究这个课题的意义和目的是什么？3、全文的基框架、基结构是如何安排的？4、全文的各部分之间逻辑关系如何？5、在研究课题的过程中，发现了那些不同见解？对这些不同的意见，自己是怎样逐步认识的？又是如何处理的？6、论文虽未论及，但与其较密切相关的问题还有哪些？7、还有哪些问题自己还没有搞清，在论文中论述得不够透彻？8、写作论文时立论的主要依据是什么？对以上问题应仔细想一想，必要时要用笔记整理出来，写成发言提纲，在答辩时用。
幼师本科毕业论文英文版
幼师本科毕业论文英文版Title: The Importance of Early Childhood Education in Nurture and DevelopmentIntroduction:Early childhood education plays a vital role in a child's overall development and sets the foundation for a lifetime of learning and success. This paper aims to highlight the significance of early childhood education in nurturing children and facilitating their growth in various domains such as cognitive, social, emotional, and physical.The Cognitive Development:Early childhood education focuses on the cognitive development of children through a variety of activities that stimulate their thinking and problem-solving skills. Through play and exploration, children are encouraged to develop their cognitive abilities, such as language acquisition, numeracy skills, and critical thinking. Research has shown that children who receive quality early childhood education tend to have better academic outcomes throughout their schooling years.The Social Development:Another crucial aspect of early childhood education is its role in promoting social development. Interacting with peers and teachers in a structured environment enables children to develop social skills, such as sharing, taking turns, and following rules. Moreover, it helps them understand and embrace diversity, leading to the development of empathy and respect towards others.The Emotional Development:Early childhood education also plays a significant role in fostering emotional development in children. By providing a supportive and nurturing environment, educators help children understand and manage their emotions effectively. They learn how to express themselves, regulate their behavior, and develop resilience in facing challenges. Emotional development lays the groundwork for positive mental health outcomes and forms the basis of healthy relationships in the future.The Physical Development:Physical development is an integral part of early childhood education. Engaging in active play and various motor activities supports the development ofgross and fine motor skills, coordination, and body awareness. Moreover, physical education programs in early childhood education promote healthy habits, including proper nutrition and exercise, establishing a foundation for a healthy lifestyle in later years.Parent and Community Involvement:Early childhood education involves not only educators but also parents and the broader community. Effective collaboration between parents and educators creates a support system that ensures children receive consistent care and education. Engaging the community in early childhood programs helps create a conducive environment for children's overall development.Conclusion:Early childhood education plays a crucial role in nurturing and developing children in various domains. It provides them with a solid foundation for future learning, enhances their cognitive abilities, and promotes social, emotional, and physical development. By involving parents and the broader community, we can create a comprehensive support system that enhances the overall well-being of children during their formative years. Therefore, it isessential to prioritize investment in early childhood education to ensure better outcomes for children and society as a whole.。
本科生毕业论文英文
本科生毕业论文英文毕业论文需要在学业完成前写作并提交的论文，是教学或科研活动的重要组成部分之一。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于本科生毕业论文英文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!本科生毕业论文英文篇1浅析文化差异与英语阅读能力的提高摘要：本文在论述了文化差异对于英语阅读理解的积极影响的前提下，提出了在英语教学中要注重引导学生注重文化差异、了解英美国家文化对于语言表达的影响。
关键词：阅读理解;文化差异传统的外语教学往往把重点放在语言的词汇和语法的教学上，因而外语阅读训练是一种逐词分析词意、逐句分析语法结构以了解句意的模式。
然而，在语言材料中的生词量以及句子结构的复杂度适中的情况下，仍然时有不解文意的情况。
比如，学生在阅读理解的过程中，经常会遇到这样的困惑，那就是虽然知晓每一个词汇的意思，但是词汇组成的句子意思却不知所云。
比如句子：“It rains cats and dogs”,这个句子很简单，但是对于这样一种习惯表达，学生确实一头雾水，不明所以。
其实懂英语的人都知道这是一句西方谚语，译为中文就是“大雨倾盆”，之所以会发生这样的阅读障碍，就是因为学生缺乏文化背景知识，不了解他们的语言表达习惯对，阅读主体缺乏一定的文化背景知识。
一、文化差异在英语阅读理解过程中的体现因为每一个民族都有它的风俗习惯、思维模式、民族心理、价值观念等，所以就决定了概念、民族的语言有着自己的独特体系和惯用表达方式。
比如汉语言系统中的弱水、嫦娥、扶桑树、粽子、青鸟、鹊桥等等词汇就带有浓重的民族文化气息，在英语中不存在相对应的词汇。
而英语中的oyster、swan、dragon等等词汇所携带的文化信息也很难为中国人所理解和接受。
就以Dragon为例，在中华民族文化背景下，龙的身上笼罩着神圣而威严的光辉，并被认为是中华民族的象征而受到尊重，所以我们历来有中华民族是龙的传人的说法。
而对于西方人来说，Dragon却只能引起他们的厌恶和恐惧，这是因为在他们的文化背景中，dragon的形象被描绘成喷烟吐火、会带来灾难的怪物。
英语本科毕业论文
英语本科毕业论文篇一：英语专业毕业论文范本毕业论文组成部分第一部分：论文封面页（Cover Page）第二部分：论文题目与摘要页（Title Page）第三部分：论文致谢页（Acknowledgements）第四部分：论文目录页（Contents Page）第五部分：论文正文（Body）第六部分：论文尾注（Endnotes）第七部分：论文参考文献（Bibliography）四川外语学院外语专业毕业论文范本本科毕业论文中文题目：从功能对等看英语广告的翻译外文题目:系别专业×××年级 2004级学生姓名×××指导教师×××结稿日期四川外语学院教务处制2008年 5月10日填2On Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese in Light of （空一行）The theories which proposed by Eugene and foreign translators for a long time, especially the theory of functional equivalence. Functional equivalence refers to the equivalence on the functions but not on the forms and structures.In our daily life, we live with different advertisements, some of which are translated works. These advertisements are aimed at giving the potential customers a lasting impression and persuading them to buy their product. Therefore, in order to express the ideas of the original works and realize the goal for sale, the translators should take account of the cultural elements and social elements in order to achieve functional equivalence.This paper consists of three parts. The first part deals with the concept of functional equivalence and its aims and principles. The main aim of functional equivalence is to represent the information of the original work in the target language and achieve the equivalence of functions of languages. In order to make this concept clear, the author gives a brief introduction of different functions. Although different languages have different characteristics, their functions are nearly the same. That is to name the reality and to communicate with the people. The second part deals with the target, principles, requirements and cultural elements of advertisement translation. The third part, the most important part, points out the three main aspects of functional equivalence, semantic equivalence, social-cultural equivalence and stylistic equivalence. At the meantime, the equivalence on different levels and how to achieve functional equivalence in advertisement translation are also systematically illustrated.（空一行）Acknowledgements（空一行）First and foremost, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to my supervisor, Professor X, both for his intellectual guidance and for his warm and constant encouragement during the process of writing this thesis. With patience and prudence, he labored through drafts of thisthesis and pointed out defects in my theorizing. Therefore, I owe all the merits in this thesis, if any, to him, though I am fully aware that the thesis might still contain some mistakes, for which I bear the whole responsibility.My cordial and sincere thanks go to all the teachers in Applied Foreign Language Department, whose interesting and informative courses have benefited me a lot during my college years. The profit that I gained from their profound knowledge, remarkable expertise and intellectual ingenuity will be of everlasting significance to my future life and career.I am also very grateful to my classmates, who have given me a lot of help and courage during my stay in the University and throughout the process of writing this thesis.Last but not the least; big thanks go to my family who have shared with me my worries, frustrations, and hopefully my ultimate happiness in eventually finishing this thesis.篇二：英语专业毕业生毕业论文选题汇总(吐血整理)英语专业1. On the Functions of Story-telling in Primary/Elementary English Teaching2. Teaching Concepts Among Teachers of English in Rural Areas—A Case Study of XXX School3. On the Learning Effect of the Third Language—A Study of the Major Problems in English Learning among Miao/Dong Students.4. On the Design of a Module of Extracurricular Activities for English-major Students—A Case Study of Kaili University 英语专业（旅游方向）1. 英语专业（旅游方向）应用型人才内涵要求分析2. 英语专业（旅游方向）学生毕业就业意向及学习行为调查--以凯里学院为例3. “语言+文化+技能”培养模式在旅游方向中的应用—以凯里学院为例4. 英语专业（旅游方向）学生英语学习策略调查—以凯里学跨文化交际方向：1. The Obstacle of Intercultural Communication2. Comparison between Chinese Collectivism and American Individualism in Oral Speaking3. On the Differences in Nonverbal Communication between the Chinese and the American and the British4. The Body Language in Intercultural Communication5. The Influence of Cultural Origin of East and Western on Intercultural Communication6. The Importance of Body Language in Different Cultures7. A Comparison of Intercultural Usages between Chinese and Western Courtesy Languages8. The Discrepancy of Chinese and Western Culture in Advertisement9. General Features of Language in Postmodern Culture10. On the Cultural Implications of Body Language11. Cultural Comparison of Chinese Lunar New Year and American Christmas Day12. On Cultural Differences between Chinese and English Idioms13. On Dissimilation and Assimilation in Terms of Culture14. Comparison between Traditional Chinese and Western Families15. Connotation of Animal Words in Chinese and English Idioms16. A Comparison of Taboos between Chinese Culture and British Culture17. A Contrastive Study of Western and Chinese Traditional Wedding Customs18. Comparison of Food Culture between China and West from Table Manners19. Family Education Differences Between China and Western Countries20. On Development of Euphemism and its Social Value in Intercultural Communication1、民族地区中学生英语学习的社会心理研究；2、黔东南中学英语教师授课用语调查与分析；3、论任务型教学法在中学英语课堂教学中的有效运用；4、民族地区中学生英语学习的策略研究；5、中学英语教学中的文化教育渗透；6、论黔东南人文旅游的可持续发展；7、黔东南旅游资源调查与分析；8、论现代涉外导游的素养；9、游客旅游心理动机调查研究；10、精品旅游线路的策划与构想；11、功能主义与中国菜谱的英译；以下为文学选题：12、《觉醒》(The Awakening)的女性主义解读；13、《紫色》(The Color Purple)的艺术特色研究；14、论《飘》(Gone with the Wind)的主题思想。
本科英语毕业论文范文
本科英语毕业论文范文Abstract:The rapid advancement of technology has ushered in an era where social media platforms have become an integral part of daily life. This study aims to explore the impact of social media on interpersonal communication, focusing on how it has transformed the way individuals interact with one another.Introduction:In the digital age, social media has emerged as a powerful tool for communication, connecting people across vast distances. However, its influence on interpersonal communication is a subject of ongoing debate. This paper will delve into the various facets of this impact, examining both the positive and negative aspects of social media on human interaction.Literature Review:Previous studies have highlighted the dual nature of social media's influence on communication. On one hand, itfacilitates instant connectivity and the sharing of information, while on the other, it has been criticized for promoting superficial relationships and reducing face-to-face interactions.Methodology:This research employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to gatherdata from a diverse sample of social media users. The survey aims to measure the frequency and nature of social media use, while interviews provide deeper insights into personal experiences and perceptions.Results:The findings reveal a complex relationship between social media and interpersonal communication. While respondents reported increased connectivity and access to a broadersocial network, there was also a noted decline in the quality of personal relationships and a sense of isolation despite being 'connected'.Discussion:The results suggest that social media acts as a double-edged sword in the realm of interpersonal communication. It offers unparalleled opportunities for connection but also presents challenges to the depth and authenticity of these connections. The discussion explores the implications of these findingsfor both individual users and society at large.Conclusion:In conclusion, social media has a profound impact on how individuals communicate, with both positive and negative consequences. As we navigate this digital landscape, it is crucial to be mindful of the balance between online andoffline interactions to foster meaningful relationships.References:A comprehensive list of academic sources and articles that have contributed to the understanding of the topic isprovided, ensuring the research is well-supported and credible.Appendix:Additional data, such as survey questionnaires and interview transcripts, are included to offer transparency and allow for replication of the study.This paper serves as a critical examination of the rolesocial media plays in shaping contemporary communication patterns, providing a nuanced perspective on its impact on the quality of human interaction.。
英语专业毕业论文范文模板(完整版)
Contrastive Study of Chinese andWestern Cultures from the Perspective ofDocumentaries themed in"China'sDevelopment"Wang WeiqianA Thesis Submitted asa Partial Fulfillment for the Degree ofB.A. in EnglishCollege of Foreign LanguagesHebei Normal Universityof Science and TechnologyMay 19th, 2016摘要改革开放以来，中国经济的突飞猛进，一路高歌吸引了世界的眼光。
"中国题材"的纪录片成为世界各国感兴趣的主题。
中国和外国都各自推出了记录中国近些年发展的纪录片。
目前国内外对纪录片的研究，几乎都限于纪录片的理论研究与创作研究，而研究中西纪录片展现的文化差异非常少见。
本文从叙事方法、叙事关注点、叙述者口吻表现出的差异性入手，对比中西方“中国发展”题材纪录片以探究差异的文化渊源。
通过对比发现: 西方“中国发展”题材纪录片叙事方法角度更广泛；叙事更关注于个体情况；叙事口吻平等化。
主要原因在于中西方文化价值观的差异。
中国农耕文化基础上的集中制导致中国人思想具有一元性特征，儒家思想使国人更追求集体主义价值取向。
相反，西方文化属于多元文化，受古希腊文明和两次思想解放运动深刻影响的西方个人主义则根植于西方人头脑中，他们更关注个人思想，注重个人独立。
关键词：中国发展；纪录片；文化差异AbstractSince the reform and opening up, the economyin China develops so quickly thatit draws the eyes of the world. And documentaries themed in China have bee very popular.China and the West both have launched the documentaries which narrate and elaborate the development of China because of the great achievement China made recent years .At present, domestic and foreign researches on documentary are almost about the theory of documentary and creation research while the contrastive studies of the Western and Chinese cultures from the perspective of documentary are relatively rare. This thesis intends to pare the western documentaries themed in "China's Development" to Chinese ones to analyze the culture diversity between the West and China from the aspect of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone. Based on contrastive study, it can be found that the western ones are more diverse in narrative method; they stress individualism and their narrative tones are equality-based while that of Chinese are authority-based. That can be accounted for the differences of Chinese and Western cultures. Chinese centralism based on the farming culture leads to monism in Chinese mind, and due to ancient clan and Confucianism, people pursue collectivism. On the contrary, the Western culture is characterized by multiculturalism, and individualism influenced by the ancient Greece thoughts and two ideological liberation movements is deeply rooted in westerners' minds. They attach importance to personal ideas and individual's independence.Key words:China's development; documentary; culture differenceTable of ContentsAbstract in ChineseiAbstractin EnglishiiI Introduction11.1 Statement of the problem11.2 Significance of the study11.3 Outline of the thesis2II Literature Review32.1 Researches abroad32.1.1 Definition of culture32.1.2 Studies of cultural values32.2 Researches in China42.2.1 The studies of Chinese and Western cultures42.2.2 Studies of documentary from the perspective of culture5 IIIContrastive Study of Chinese and Western Documentaries73.1 Narrative method73.1.1 Mono-angle73.1.2 Multi-angle83.2 Narrative focus93.2.1 Social group93.2.2 Personal situation93.3 Narrative tone103.3.1 Authority-based103.3.2 Equality-based11IV Cultural Analysis of Chinese and Western Documentaries124.1 Monocuturalism/ multiculturalism12 4.1.1 Monoculturalism124.1.2 Multiculturalism134.2 Collectivism/ Individualism134.2.1 Collectivism144.2.2 Individualism14V Conclusion16Bibliography18 Acknowledgements19Chapter One Introduction1.1 Statement of the problemDocumentary is not only a kind of television art form which records the rich and splendid culture, but also regarded as a part of human culture. Scholars have made a lot of contributions to the researches on documentary, and promoted the further prosperity of the documentary during the process of its naissance, development and evolution. However, the researches on the influence of cultural backgrounds and the national culture on the documentary are not sufficient, and even less concerning the contractive study of the Western and Chinese documentary culture.Nowadays, with the rapid development of economy, China stands in the eyes of the world with the image of a giant, and a number of documentaries that themed in China's development are made. For the differences of the values and diverse culture patterns, there are great differences between Western and Chinese documentaries. That provides the question for this thesis: What are the distinctive culture differences from the perspective of Western and Chinese documentaries? The thesis takes two Chinese documentaries and two Western documentaries as examples to explore the cultural differences in aspects of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone.1.2 Significance of the studyThe contrast between Chinese and Western culture has always been the problems for scholars to study, while it is original to explore the contrast from the angel of the documentary. Chinese mainstream media records and praises every aspect of the development in contemporary China. Meanwhile the West also shows an increasingly powerful China from its own perspective. And viewers can know the image of China in eyes of the Westerns, and have a preliminary understanding of the influence brought by cultural values on documentary. They can acquire a better understanding of differences Chinese and Western culture.1.3 Outline of the thesisThis thesis intends to study the Western and Chinese documentary from the perspective of cultural values. The whole passage can be divided in to five parts:The first chapter is the introduction, which involves the statement of the problem, the significance of the study and the outline of the thesis.In chapter two, it is the literature review which elaborates the studies on the value orientations, the contrastive researches on Western and Chinese culture and values and some cultural studies on documentary.Chapter three is to study the differences of Chinese and Western documentaries themed in "China Development" from the perspective of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone.In the fourth chapter, the author explores the cultural reasons of Chinese and Western documentaries.The fifth chapter is the conclusion of the whole thesis, which involves the main findings and some questions requiring further studies.Chapter Two Literature ReviewThis chapter gives a general overview of the studies of Western and Chinese cultures and documentaries. It begins with western scholars' studies of culture. Then, it shows Chinese scholars' studies of the differences between Western and Chinese culture patterns and some cultural studies on the documentary.2.1 Researches abroadThe connotation and function of culture is the focus of culture studies. And this is a proposition in the face of all the parative cultural studies. What is more, for Chinese and Western scholars, value dimensions are used to measure the differences when paring the Western and Chinese cultures.2.1.1 Definition of cultureEdward. B. Taylor, Britain's famous anthropologist, is the first scholar to summarize and epitome the cultural phenomena from the angle of anthropology. In his Primitive Culture, he (1871) defines culture is "that plex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society"(qtd in Xu, 2009:17). Taylor's definition of culture is of great significance in the academic field, which opens up a broader field of vision for the study of culture.2.1.2 Studies of cultural valuesValues are closely related to culture. Therefore, unique values and orientations can be explored from different cultures. The study of values began in 1930s. So far, the research on the values of foreign scholars has been very rich. One classification of cultural patterns which has been very influential, is that of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's.Kluckhohn and Strodbeck singled out five values orientation from different cultures: Human Nature (people are regarded as basically good, evil, or mixed); Relationship to Nature (the relationship can be classified into three kind that humans over nature, nature over human, or harmony with nature); Sense ofTime (primary value placed on past/tradition, present/enjoyment, or future/posterity/delayed gratification); Activity (being, being/inner development, or doing/striving/industriousness); and Social Relationships (hierarchical, collateral/collective-egalitarian, or individualistic) (Kluckhohn & Strodtbeck, 1961). In Annals of Tourism Research, Leah Watkins & Juergen Gnoth (2011) presents explanation about the five values orientations: "Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's five cultural assumptions together constitute a framework for understanding world-views. A world-view is a culture's orientation towards humanity, nature, the universe, life, death, and other philosophical issues that influence how we see the World."(p.1293).When paring Chinese and western value orientations, it is generally considered that "the traditional Western belief about Social Relationship is each person is seen as autonomous and separate" and "Members of individualist cultures value self-reliance" (Davis, 2006:191-192).2.2 Researches in ChinaMany Chinese scholars trend to directly apply the Kluckhohn and Strodbeck's Social Relationship value orientations to cross-cultural studies. Some studies investigate the diverse values in the contrast of Chinese and Western cultures. People who study the documentary gradually shift their attention from pure history and creation skills to the cultural elements contained in documentaries.2.2.1 The studies of Chinese and Western culturesAccording to Professor Xu Xingyan, on the cultural form, Chinese culture is unified while western culture is diversified. China has been a strong independent agricultural nation from ancient times. Although there was nomadic culture at the same times, however, "It is only one side of the Chinese culture which can not change the basic nature of the Chinese culture based on farming". And ancient authoritarian rule was based on this kind of economy. Under the kind of economy and the ancient despotism, the unity of ideology is deeply rooted in the minds of people (Xu, 2009: 36-37).The western culture origins from ancient Greek and Roman culture, concentrated in the Mediterranean. And the territories of them are posed ofmany isolated islands. Agriculture in the islands is not as developed as the East River Basin, because of the lack of food, people need to buy from the coast of Egypt and the Black Sea, so the western mercial civilization developed. And the non slavery democratic politics was formed under this geographical conditions (ibid, :40) .According to Zhu Zhixian (1989) in Psychology Dictionary, values is defined as logic, science, art, moral, aesthetic, religious principles, beliefs and standard which promote and guide a person to take decisions and actions, and the core of a personal ideology (qtd. in Du, 2009:2). Professor Xu pares different concepts about human between Chinese and western cultures: Chinese culture adds importance to the social values of people and regards human as a member of a group. Whereas, the wills and value of the individual are emphasized in western culture. Jia Yuxin pares Chinese and Western values from the perspective of intercultural munication: "The unity of heaven and man is bound to lead to the group orientation as Dividedness Between Man and Nature definitely results in the orientation of individualism" (Jia, 1997:61)2.2.2 Studies of documentary from the perspective of cultureSome scholars such as Hou Hong (2006) and Zhu Jinghe (2002) study the production or content of documentary. Differing from them, Zhang Hongjun (2006) discusses the documentary in point of culture. As a special cultural phenomenon, the image recording contains the material level, theoretical system and spiritual core. People determine their own pursuit, faith, and ideals with certain values, and judge their own behaviors with these values to determine their relationship with the world. So value orientation is an important standard to explore the culture of documentary.The documentary, which is dominated by the official consciousness and elite consciousness, is still a major part of China's image recording. And Zhang (2006) tries to give the cultural explanation to that phenomenon: The elite and privileged person are valued, whereas the monage and the populace are not put stress on because of the sense of hierarchy rooted in patriarchal clan system of traditional society, which has influenced Chinese society for a long time. What is more, the authoritarian nature of the social structure in ancient China brought about the political paradigm of Chinese culture. The elite and the privilege awareness of traditional consciousness affect mentality of Chinese butalso the characteristics of the Chinese documentary (p. 93). As for the implication of kindheartedness to Chinese documentary, the author regards humanism as the basic spirit of Chinese culture. But differing from Western humanism which emphasizes the individuals, Chinese humanism "T o put people in the state of harmony between man and nature... and to attach importance to the spiritual world of people" (ibid.:102)Chapter Three Contrastive Study of Chinese and WesternDocumentariesThis chapter chooses two Chinese documentaries The Great Course and The Road to Revival and two Western documentaries China, A New Super Power and China on Four Wheels as the research subjects to study the differences of Western and Chinese documentaries from the points of narrative method, narrative focus and narrative tone.3.1 Narrative methodThe Chinese documentaries promote the image of China by displaying China's achievements, taking a sense of social responsibility and promotion of the theme as the main guiding ideology. Because of the impact of this concept, the Chinese documentaries which the thesis studies record the theme from a unitary perspective. On the contrary, the western documentaries themed in "China's development" are relatively concerned about more extensive perspectives and pay more specific attention to the content, so diverse ideas can be seen in the documentaries.3.1.1 Mono-angleThe Chinese documentaries themed in "China's development" are in keynote of praise. As national spokespeople, they usually use the magnificent frame, exciting events in China and infectious music to show the hardships of the development process and the splendid state of contemporary China from the view of the country. The main theme documentaries usually bear the responsibility of publicizing the achievement of the government to encourage people to contribute to the country. For example, The Great Course is connected with a voiceover mentary spoken by one person and several interviews, showing few different ideas from mon people. It introduces how the whole country took actions when China encountered SARS epidemic: "Facing the sudden outbreak of SARS, under leadership of the Central mittee of the munist Party of China, the State Council, the whole Party and the people unite as one,win the fight against SARS." That mentary intends to show firm and great confidence of the whole country to fight with the disease. But it does not dig out from more angles such as doctors' efforts or people's recovery. Actually, in most part of the two documentaries, general state of national development is introduced, showing the theme: "China's prosperity".3.1.2 Multi-angleThe western documentaries, differing from the Chinese ones, choose richer angle of views and themes. With a similar theme, voiceover and site soundbite intersperses with each other in the documentary China: A New Super Power.In addition to the collection of literature, this German documentary also interviews Chinese people from all walks of life, asking economists, military experts, political mentators, sociologists, writers, journalists, artists, engineers, businessmen and workers and so on about some of the issues in China's development. It affirms China's rapid economic growth: "China has bee a recognized power" and "being the second largest economy in the world". Meanwhile, it points out some problems in the development: The modernization of rural area construction lags behind the city. And the protection of rights and interests of migrant workers are still needed to improved, and Guo Yuhua, a socialist, expresses her worries about this phenomenon in the documentary.The documentary also points out that China has made a huge effort to enhance education and scientific research: "China is being one of the world's leading think-tank step by step. Though education level is improved, the children of migrant workers do not enjoy equal right to receive education." In summary, the Western documentaries not only explain the development from the aspect of economy, but also from aspects of politics, military, education, science and technology and so on. What's more, both documentaries ---China,A New Super Power and China on Four Wheels choose to interview many Chinese to realize the sate of China and describe the development with diverse angles to show the objectivity. In this way, the subject is enriched with plentiful materials, so the objectivity and diversity of perspectives increase. Indeed, there are some unjust ments and prejudice in the whole video, but they are not discussed in this thesis.3.2 Narrative focusThe two Chinese documentaries are also distinct from the western one in terms of the narrative focus. The Chinese ones trends to show the concern to the whole society while the Western ones tend to focus on personal situation. "Humanismis aphilosophicalandethicalstance that emphasizes the value andagencyofhuman beings" according to Wiki, and generally, it emphasizes people's dignity, encourages liberal views and advocates the equality. Blue ocean civilization gives birth to the Western independence, equality, individual spirit, while the farming civilization has made the Chinese people form a collective ideology of unity and struggle.3.2.1 Social groupIn terms of value orientation, China, as an eastern country, belongs to collectivism which pays attention to the interests of the group and individual social value. Clan, country, the thought of collectivism affects the creation of documentary in the country. In terms of the theme of "China's development", the Chinese documentaries stress on social responsibility, the sense of belonging to the organization and the spirit of collectivism. There are only a few interviews of the mon people in the documentaries. And when one is interviewed, he is not the representative of himself but the spokesman of his group. Taking an example, when talking about developing rural area, a farmer Hua Fangping in Pinghu Village being interviewed in The Great Course said: "Now the urban and rural areas are integrating, I think we live in the same level as citizens, and we have been able to catch up with them". What he said is not only about the life of himself, but also represents the entire villager of Pinghu. And it even indicates that many rural areas are showing a new look. This is a typical "group" value: To show a group through the individuals.3.2.2 Personal situationWestern directors focus on the personal liberal spirit, emphasizing the ideas of the individuals. In the Western documentaries, people from all walks of life are interviewed, and each is the representative of himself. In the British documentary China on Four Wheels,the situation after the earthquake in Sichuan is recorded. It focuses on the living situation and emotional state ofMrs. Li and her students after the earthquake in Wenchuan, paying attention to the change of their feelings to show their personal situations. There is neither evaluation of post disaster reconstruction nor the life state of the whole victims after Wenchuan earthquake. China, A New Super Power prises a series of interviews with more than 20 Chinese people. It is the personal ideas but not the mass views that occupy an important position. These examples show the narrative focus of the Western documentaries trend to single person instead of a group.3.3 Narrative toneThe Chinese documentaries recording the development are also distinct from the western ones in terms of tone of the narrator. The Chinese narrator is in an authoritative tone while the Western one is based on equality.3.3.1 Authority-basedIt is easy to find out that when narrating the serious theme of the development of contemporary China, the Chinese narrators maintain an official, authoritative image in the documentary. And the documentary publicizes its mainstream ideology and manages to educate the audience. There is part of the reason that documentary is influenced by a concept named "Visual Politics" which derives from the Soviet Union. Besides, Chinese collectivism which attaches importance to authority, can also account for the authority-based tone. On study of the two Chinese documentaries The Road to Revival and The Great Course, the producers describe the development of China with a convincing and earnest attitude in an authoritative tone, especially in The Great Course. When it introduces the acplishments of China's aerospace industry, the narrator says: "‘Shenzhou' and ‘Chang E' symbolize the new state of the Chinese nation on the way to the revival; It shows the world that the independent innovation is the soul of the national progress in a convincing way; Science and technology progress is the powerful engine to promote the country to take off." This truth is told to the audience directly by the narrator rather than found by the audience. Therefore, the audience is placed in the position of listeners. Based on the tone of authority, both documentaries manage to mould their audience with the patriotism feelings and social responsibility.3.3.2 Equality-basedAudience and narrator usually have equal status in western documentaries. The Western documentary producers usually regard themselves as participants in the event during the process of shooting. They are more like explorers and discoverers, intending to explore the secrets and let the life speak itself naturally and sincerely. So western documentaries are closer to audience and appeal to them to show their respect for the viewers. The China on Four Wheels is a typical western documentary which is very different from the Chinese one. In the lens of the documentary, the narrators do not take an official view to observe China. Justin and Anita, the presenters, drive themselves throughout China in order to experience the great changes China has made. Anita walks along the eastern part of China to observe the prosperous side of China while Justin walks along the western to experience the poor side. They attempt to talk with native people to realize the current situation of their lives. Justin goes around ancient Feng Huang Town to capture what Miao, a minority nationality's life is like. In his lens, Feng Huang has been a tourist resort where many tourists flood in for its characteristic culture. According to his native tour guide, tourism improves Miao People's lives' level here: "We are much better now". But he wonders what life is like in remoteneither interviews any officials nor uses official literature but just record what theysee and experience. In this way, the documentary satisfies the audience's curiosity with an equality-based tone. And the audience can see a real China through therecorders' eyes.Chapter Four Cultural Analysis of Chinese and WesternDocumentariesIn this chapter, the author analyzes the culture origins that lead to the differences of the Chinese and Western documentaries themed in "China's Development".4.1 Monocuturalism/ multiculturalismChina culture is unified, while western culture is diversified (Xu, 2009). Monoculturalism is the practice of actively preserving a national culture via the exclusion of external influences while Multiculturalism describes the existence, acceptance, or promotion of multiple cultural traditions within a single jurisdiction according to Wiki. These two different forms of culture lead to different narrative methods.4.1.1 MonoculturalismChinese civilization was originated from the Yongzi River and Huanghe River. In the vast land, "the river crisscross, the climate is damp and warm, the product is abundant..." (Xu, 2009:34). It provides great soil to develop agriculture which dominated the ancient Chinese economy. What is more, there is extensive desert in the northern frontier, high mountain chains and forest in the southwest being the obstruction which made it difficult to contact with other countries in ancient time. What is more, the ancient rulers advocated physiocracy, which led to the poor exchanges between our country and other countries. Therefore, traditional culture develops along the direction of its own, having a style of its own. China is basically in a unified and centralized state since it entered the civilized society, and the period was very short when there was a split. Under the despotism, the thinking "The land belongs to the king, people all over the word are the king's servants" rooted in people's minds and the Confucianism which advocated the authority dominated people's thought. Generally speaking, monoculturalism is formed because of the monism of economy, politics and thinking in ancient China. So in the Chinesedocumentaries, the current development is introduced from a general view, introducing the prosperous or positive aspects. As is recorded in Road to the Revival, the mentary makes a general introduction to the fight with the SARS without details from other angles. Both Chinese documentaries publicize one theme: China's power and prosperity.4.1.2 MulticulturalismWestern civilization is different from Chinese civilization. Xu says: "ship of the Western culture was born in the blue sea." The main representative of Western civilization, Roman and Greece are located in Mediterranean, and their territories were dotted with Islands. The narrow land, poor soil and the dry and hot climate in the summer form the environment which is not suitable for growing grain, so the food production are not even self-sufficient. Some densely populated cities such as Athens, purchased grain from the Black Sea coast and Egypt. Thus, business culture was developed in the West. Due to the geographical and economic features of the place, the West formed democracy which was applied to citizens. Owing to the mercial foundation and democratic political conditions, cultural diversity came into being. The world is divided, showing plural patterns to the islands residents. The influence of the multiculturalism can be found in the Western documentaries: They collect the views of Chinese people from all walks of life in order to show a current situation of China. They manage to record China's development from richer angles: economy, politics and so on. It is no doubt that the massive materials and the various perspectives are influenced by the cultural diversity in the West.4.2 Collectivism/ IndividualismDocumentary, as a kind of image culture, is bound to imply some values. Kluckhohn (1961) defined value as: "A conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means and ends of action. People's attitudes are based on the relatively few, stable values they hold". Kluchohn and Stodtbeck advanced five values orientations. In aspect of social relationship, they classify it into three types: Hierarchy, Group and Individual. "Generally。
本科论文关于英文专业范文
本科论文关于英文专业范文随着人类社会的快速发展，英语在不同国家的地理环境里和社会政治、经济、文化影响下发展状况自然不尽相同甚至产生了很大的变化。
下文是店铺为大家整理的关于本科英文论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!本科英文论文篇1浅谈英汉文化差异和习语翻译摘要：一个民族的语言和文化相互依存、密不可分, 而习语作为语言精华更是承载了极其丰富的文化内涵，充满了人类文化活动痕迹，沉积了浓厚的民族文化。
因为自然环境、历史渊源、宗教、文化、风俗民情等方面的差异,习语也就承载了不同的民族文化特色和文化信息,所以英汉习语的翻译常常会遇到许多困难。
译者应遵循一定的翻译原则，找到适当的翻译方法，保留原有独特味道，又使读者明确其表达意义。
关键词：文化习语差异翻译方法习语与本民族的社会风俗、历史和文化一脉相连。
一个民族的价值观念、传统观念、思维方式都得以在其习语中反映出来。
英汉两种语言历史悠长久远，其中更是包含了大量习语，它们活灵活现，典雅含蓄给人不同感受。
然而不了解语言中的社会文化，就无法真正掌握语言，更不用说准确翻译。
一、习语的含义及来源1.1习语的含义习语是语言在使用过程中形成的独特而固定的表达方式。
习语是固定的惯用短语，包括成语、俗语、谚语等。
习语即是语言中重要修辞手段，同时他们本身也是各种修辞手段的集中体现。
习语大多以比喻为衬托，具有鲜明的形象性和浓重的民族色彩，其寓意丰富，联想翩翩，经常用在文艺作品中，在政论文章中与常见到。
1.2习语的来历首先，自然环境影响着民族文化的形成和发展。
我们的祖先居住在亚洲东北部北温带，平原辽阔，气候温和，逐渐形成自给自足的农业经济，并且相信人和自然能够和谐相处，因此与土地和农业有关的习语也就很多。
如Every potter praises his pot. 指“王婆卖瓜，自卖自夸”、“大雪兆丰年”、“苗要好，虫除早”等。
而英国因为是个岛国，其渔业和航海业有着举足轻重的地位，但常年受天气影响。
商务英语本科毕业论文
商务英语本科毕业论文Title: The Influence of Cultural Differences on International Business NegotiationsAbstract: As global trade becomes increasingly common, international business negotiations become more frequent. However, cultural differences can have a significant impact on the negotiation process and its outcome. This paper examines the influence of cultural differences on international business negotiations and suggests strategies to bridge cultural gaps in negotiating with partners from different cultural backgrounds.Introduction: International business negotiations play a critical role in the success of multinational corporations. However, cross-cultural communication barriers can significantly affect negotiations, often leading to misunderstandings, misinterpretations, and unproductive outcomes. While global trade has grown, cultural barriers remain a major challenge. This research examines the impact of cultural differences on business negotiations and how to overcome such barriers.Background: Culture shapes the way people view and act in the world. Culture encompasses factors such asvalues, beliefs, norms, and practices. The ways in which people communicate, make decisions, and negotiate differs across cultures. Therefore, negotiating with partners who come from different cultural backgrounds can be a difficult and complicated process.Results: Cultural differences can have an impact at every stage of the negotiation process, from the initial contact phase to the final agreement. Language barriers, communication styles, and differences in negotiation approaches are key factors that impact cross-cultural negotiations. Furthermore, cultural differences may cause conflict that could result in a breakdown in communication, which, in turn, may harm the business relationships among negotiators.Conclusion: Business negotiations can be highly susceptible to cultural differences, but companies can better overcome them by preparing for the culture-specific nuances that may arise during the process. Pre-negotiation virtual training, involving cultural briefings and language training, can be highly effective in bridging some of the cultural divides. As global trade continues, businesses will have to navigate increasingly multi-cultural environments and adjust to different norms and values. Negotiators must recognize that understandingcultural differences is always a critical part of conducting successful international business negotiations in the global business environment.Keywords: international business, negotiations, cultural differences, cross-cultural communication, global trade。
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英语本科毕业论文范文
英语本科毕业论文范文
随着全球化的不断发展，英语作为一种国际语言的地位日益重要。
因此，越来越多的大学生选择在英语专业进行本科学习，并完成一篇英语本科毕业论文。
本文将以范文的形式展示一篇关于英语本科毕业论文的内容，以供参考。
引言：
英语作为一门语言学科，涉及广泛的研究领域，包括语法、词汇、语音、语用等。
本篇论文旨在探讨英语作为第二语言学习者的语法错误分析，并提出相应的教学策略，以提高学习者的语法水平。
第一部分：语法错误分析
在第一部分中，本文将对英语作为第二语言学习者的语法错误进行分析。
通过对学习者的写作和口语中的错误进行收集和分类，可以发现学习者在语法方面的常见错误类型，如主谓一致、时态错误、冠词使用错误等。
通过对这些错误的分析，可以帮助教师更好地了解学习者的语法水平和问题所在。
第二部分：语法教学策略
在第二部分中，本文将提出一些针对英语第二语言学习者的语法教学策略。
首先，教师可以根据学习者的语法错误类型设计相关的练习和活动，以帮助学习者加深对语法规则的理解和运用。
其次，教师可以引入语法规则的实际运用场景，通过真实语境的演练，培养学习者的语法意识和应用能力。
此外，教师还可以利用技术手段，如在线语法纠错工具和语法学习软件，提供个性化的语法学习支持。
第三部分：语法教学评估
在第三部分中，本文将讨论语法教学的评估方法。
通过对学习者的语法错误进行评估，可以了解学习者在语法学习中的进展和问题，并及时调整教学策略。
本文将介绍一种常用的语法教学评估方法，即语法测试。
通过设计一套包含不同难度和类型题目的语法测试，可以全面地评估学习者的语法水平，并为后续的教学提供指导。
结论：
通过对英语本科毕业论文的范文进行阐述，我们可以看到，语法错误分析、语法教学策略和语法教学评估是英语教育领域中的重要研究方向。
通过对学习者的语法错误进行分析，教师可以更好地了解学习者的问题所在，并采取相应的教学策略来提高学习者的语法水平。
同时，通过语法教学的评估，可以及时调整教学策略，确保教学效果的最大化。
总结：
本文以英语本科毕业论文为主题，通过对语法错误分析、语法教学策略和语法教学评估的讨论，展示了一篇典型的英语本科毕业论文范文。
希望这篇范文能够为正在撰写英语本科毕业论文的学生提供一些参考和启示，帮助他们顺利完成自己的论文工作。