2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题13-《定语从句》
专题十三定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到，在书面表达中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。
常见考点：
1.指物时只用that或which的情况
2.介词+关系代词
3.whose的用法及转换形式
4.as与which的区别
5.指人时that与who的区别
6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词
7.定语从句的主谓一致问题
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰前面的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语(也就是形容词)的作用。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词
(who, whom, that, which, whose ) 或关系副词(where, when, why)。如：
The man who lives next to us is a policeman.
先行词关系代词
二、关系代词和关系副词的用法
关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句，代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法
三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别
四、关系代词的选用
1.只能用that作关系代词的情况
2.指物只能用which不用that的情况
3.指人时只能用who不用that的情况
4.as 与which
as与which均可引导非限定性定语从句，有时可以互换，但也存在区别
5.定语从句中的主谓一致
定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。如：
Don 'choose me, who am not fit for the job. 另U选我，我不适合这份工作。
考点练透
一、单句填空请用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。
1.Because of my poor memory, all __________________ you told me has bee n forgotte n.
2.Do you remember those days____________________ we spe nt along the seashore very happily?
3.Those_______________ want to go please sig n their n ames here.
4.Who is the woma n _______________ is sweep ing the floor over there?
5.The man _______________ you are going to make friends is my father 'neighbour.
6.Fi nally, the thief han ded over everyth ing _____________ h e had stole n to the police.
7.This is the very letter ____________ came last ni ght.
8.This is the factory _____________ we worked a year ago.
9.Jack is pleased with what you have give n him and all __________________ you have told him.
10.Do you work n ear the buildi ng ________________ colour is yellow?
11.Alice received an in vitatio n from her boss, ______________ came as a surprise.
12.I live in the house ____________ win dows face south.
13.They stayed with me three weeks, ___________________ they drank all the wine I had.
14.The room _______________ Mr. White lives is not very large.
15.I have fini shed writ ing the no vel, __________ is to be published next mon th.
16.He retur ned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, __________________ w as un expected.
17.The old man had three sons, all of _________________ died during the World War n .
18.I have bought two pens, both of ________________ write well.
19.Do you know the reas on _________________ s he has cha nged her mind?
20.He failed in the exam, ______________ proves that he was n 'work ing hard eno ugh.
21.____________ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.
22.We should read such books ___________________ w ill make us better and wiser.
23.He is abse nt, ______________ i s ofte n the case.
24.It is the first time ___________ I have come to your city.
25.Who _______________ has the same idea as it will do it in this way.
26.I shall n ever forget those days _______________ I lived in the country with the farmers, _______________ has a great
effect on my life.
27.This is the only book _______________ I can find.
28.This is the only one of the stude nts ______________ han dwriti ng is the best.
29.You must show your wife the same respect _____________________ y ou show me.
30.This is the professor _______________ taught me chemistry in 1980.
二、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yesterday there was a very excit ing debate at Xin hua Middle School about whether medical clo ning should be allowed or not. —1_ a lively discussion a vote was cast and the side arguing for medical cloning won.
The arguments for medical cloning were very strongly put by the team supporting the motion ( 议案).They argued that serious illnesses and people —2— have lost their ability to move or think could be helped by medical cloning. They —3— (explain) that the procedures would be safe, quick and with no problems for the patie nts. They quoted that 67% of America n citize ns are for it 4 (support) their idea. Their argume nts were very —5 (convin ce).
The argume nts put by 6 team oppos ing medical clo ning were less strong. They argued in two ways. The
应是指一次活跃的讨论之后。故填 After 最佳。注意首字母要大写。
first reas on was that the procedures were not yet secure. Their sec ond reas on was that 7 took many tries
and many pote ntial ani mals had to 8 (kill) to produce one useable embryo for research. They expla ined that many European countries don ' t allow medical cloning research because of this. Anyway9_ arguments were
not so convincing.
At the end of the debate the audienee left the hall
_10_ a feeling of hope. They realized that diseases that
seem terrible today may be able to be cured soon.
助读词汇
procedure n.过程 oppose vt.反对 potential adj.潜在的 embryo n.胚胎
quote vt.弓丨用 convincing adj.
有说服力的 cast a vote 投票 argue for 赞成
be for 赞成
medical cloning 医学科隆
参考答案
考点练透
11. which 12. whose 13. during which 14. where / in which 15. which 16. which 17. whom 18. which
19. why 20. which 21. As 22. as 23. as 24. that 25. that 26. whe n; which 27. that 28. whose 29. as 30. who/that
二、 语法填空
本文主要讲述的是， 新华中学举办了一场有关 医学科隆是否该允许”的辩论会。不同的学生对此生物技
术有不同的看法 ------ 有反对也有赞成。—|
词。根据上下逻辑和空后的 a vote was cast and the side argui ng for medical clo ning won. 的结果可知，此处理
2. who 空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。分析句子成分可知
_2_ have lost their ability to move or
think是个定语从句且先行词是人（people），故填who（在从句中作主语）。
3.explained 根据上一句They argued that serious illnesses 可知用一般过去式。
定式作目的状语。
5.convincing 作表语用形容词形式。convincing在此意为有说服力的”
6.the 表特指必须要用定冠词。或者根据第二段首句中的medical clo ning were very stro ngly put by the team也可知。
7.it缺主语填代词。根据逻辑和句意可知，此处理应缺少前面提到过的medical cloning。故用it代替。
8.be killed 分析句子成分可知，动词kill在此作谓语，只考虑时态和语态。根据空前had to（不定式）可知此处理应用原形。此外，kill与逻辑主语animals显然存在被动关系，故填be killed正确。
9.their 显然此处缺少一个限定词，总得致命是谁的论据（arguments）。根据上一句They explained that
可知此题理应填their合适。
10.with 表带着……常用介词with。
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