高考英语二轮练习教案:module2therenaissance
2020版 第1部分 选修8 Module 2 The Renaissance教案

Module 2The Renaissance[单词拼写应用]核心单词1.subject n.(绘画,摄影等的)主题2.dull adj.枯燥的;沉闷的3.work n.作品4.appeal v.呼吁;上诉;恳求5.suspect n.(犯罪)嫌疑人;可疑分子6.loss n.丢失;丧失7.chief adj.最重要的;首要的8.blame n.(对错事或坏事应负的) 责任9.inspire v.鼓舞,激励10.seek v.寻求,寻找[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Once performed, the works (work) of Beethoven must attract all the people present at the concert.2.The company is appealing/appeals (appeal) to everyone to save energy and water now.3.He sought (seek) every opportunity to find the job he had wanted.4.You know perfectly well I can't be blamed(blame) for the failure of that mission. 拓展单词1.disturb v t.& v i.打扰;打乱(计划等)→disturbing adj.引起烦恼的;令人不安的→disturbed adj.被打扰的;不安的2.effect n.效果;作用→effective adj.有效的;实际的→affect v t.影响;感动;感染3.motivate v.激发,激励→motivation n.动力;积极性4.skill n.技能,技巧→skilled adj.有技巧的,熟练的→ skillful adj.灵巧的5.gift n.天赋;天资;礼物→gifted adj.有天赋的;有才华的[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空。
Module 2 The Renaissance

Module 2 The Renaissance教学设计教学过程Stage 1: Lead-in (5 Minutes)Teacher show the picture Mona Lisa and The Last Supper to students. Then students explain the information using their simple words. Questions can be asked as follows:Question 1: Who is the woman in the first picture?A 1: She is Mona Lisa.Question 2: Who created this painting?A 2:Leonardo Da Vinci.Question 3: When did he paint it?A 3: During the Renaissance.Question 4: What is the Renaissance and what do you think of Da Vinci and his works? ......【教学目的】教师由两张图片入手,引导学生挖掘图片背后蕴藏的信息:①了解学生对本节内容预习情况,尤其涉及文艺阜新背景知识,看学生能够知道多少;学生在随后的阅读过程中涉及五花障碍,能够很好理解;②不断启发学生去探究图片来源,激发他们进一步学习的欲望和兴趣。
Stage 2: Pre-reading (10 minutes)Step 1: Match the period or style with the meanings. (4 minutes)Teacher wants students to understand the four terms appeared in the passage: Classical, Medieval, Renaissance and Gothic.•Classical (a) refers to the Middle Ages (from about 1100 to 1500) •Medieval (b) refer to the period which followed the Middle Ages.•Gothic (C) refers to ancient Greece and Rome•Renaissance (d) refers to a typical style of art and architecture in the Middle Ages【教学目的】通过连线匹配的方式降低学生对相关术语理解的难度。
高二外研选修8 Module 2 The Renaissance 公开课教案

Module 2 The Renaissance I.模块教学目标III. 教材分析与教材重组1. 教材分析本模块以Renaissance为话题, 通过谈论蒙娜丽莎这一不朽艺术作品将话题逐步展开,并利用阅读、听力和描述(艺术作品)等学习方式,使学生对“文艺复兴”有一个较为全面、深刻的认识和理解,并能运用已有的历史知识和亲身经历评论艺术人物及作品,理解文艺复兴给欧洲文化、科技等方面带来的巨大影响。
1.1 INTRODUCTION部分首先呈现给学生人们对Mona Lisa这幅传世之作的不同看法,继而提供了部分专业词汇供学生讨论时使用,并对讨论内容与方式作了提示或指导。
这一活动既呈现了本单元的中心话题,又为下一步围绕the Renaissance进行的听说读写训练提供了素材。
1. 2 READING AND VOCABULARY(1)包括一篇阅读课文和六项活动。
其中Activity 1是阅读前的热身活动。
设计了与课文有关的连线题,让学生对欧洲文化发展进程有一个初步的了解。
Activity 2的任务是:在课文中快速找出特定的信息回答问题。
Activities 3 、4是为考查学生对课文的理解程度和学习课文中关于文艺复兴的词汇和短语而设计的两项任务。
Activities 5、6是问答题,旨在提高学生的理解能力,可与阅读同步进行。
供阅读的课文是一篇说明文,介绍了文艺复兴的含义、该时期文学艺术、政治思想、自然科学等领域所取得的成就及重要艺术人物Leonardo da Vince。
通过阅读,让学生认识到文艺复兴在欧洲历史发展中的重要地位,了解文艺复兴的重大历史意义在于它促使欧洲人从以神为中心过渡到以人为中心,在于人的觉醒,在于人们把重点从来世转移到现世。
它唤醒了人们积极进取的精神、创造精神以及科学实验的精神,从而在精神方面为资本主义制度的胜利和确立开辟了道路。
文章以对蒙娜丽莎的评价开始,以对其作者达·芬奇的评论结束,结构缜密,前后呼应。
高中英语外研版高中选修8Module2TheRenaissance-教案

Teaching Plan●Topic: The Review Lesson---and, but & or●Students: Class 8, Senior 3●Teacher: Zhang Lu●Learning duration: 40 minutes●Date: Nov. 25th, 2023●Learning Materials:Venice , Endangered CityThere can be few more beautiful cities in the world than Venice; but as the world’s sea levels rise due to the warming of the atmosphere, there is also a danger that its astonishing architecture and precious works of art may one day end up at the bottom of the Mediterranean.One of the most famous parts of Venic e, visited by millions of tourists, is St Mark’s Square. 150 years ago it used to flood once or twice a year. Now it floods every week. The effect on people’s lives, and on the wonderful Renaissance buildings, is terrible. One Venetian said: “I don’t know anyone who sleeps on the ground floor of their house any more. It’s always too wet and sometimes the water comes in.”The city’s battle with water dates back over 1,500 years. Its wealth has always depended on its position in the middle of the sea, which meant that it was easy for ships to stop there and trade. By the time of the Renaissance in the 15th century, it was one of the world’s richest cities, trading with both the East and the West. But the city’s leaders always depended on skilled engineers to k eep Venice from sinking under the waves. The wonderful architecture is supported by huge sections of trees pushed deep into the earth under the water. Wood is destroyed by a combination of air and water; but under the earth there is no air, so the wood has survived one and a half thousand years.For centuries the Venetians made careful calculations about how to keep the water level from getting too high. But in the 20th century the knowledge was basically forgotten. People did not realize the effect that taking water out of the ground would have on the city. During the 1950s factories took water out of the earth, making it drier; then the weight of the buildings squeezed the earth and the entire city started to sink. By the time the government found out what was happening, Venice had sunk 20 centimeters.That problem has now gone away-but the news about Venice is still very disturbing. Across the world, the height of the sea is going up all the time; and the whole of the northeast of Italy is moving downwards, and taking Venice with it. Unless the government comes up with an answer soon, this Renaissance jewel could be lost for ever.●About StudentsAs the students of senior 1, they are very familiar with the usage of and, but & or in English, which is supposed to be easy for them. However, the students always use them incorrectly when writing compositions and make mistakes when doing exercises. Therefore, it’s necessary for them to review the regulations and make use of what they learned to help them write right sentences.●Learning ObjectivesBy the end of the class, students should be able to✓get the main idea of the passage---Venice, Endangered City✓find out the reason why Venice is in danger and why it should be saved.✓know the different meanings of and, but & or in different sentences.✓master the usage of and, but & or and apply them into doing exercises.✓write sentences by using and, but & or.✓improve their abilities of reading, summarizing and writing.●Teaching Key PointsGuide students to find out the meanings and the usage of and, but & or according to the passages andsentences.●Teaching DifficultiesEnable the students to use this language point correctly.Enable the students to a write short passage about Venice by using and, but & or.●Teaching MethodsTask-based approach; Communicative approach; Cooperative Learning●Teaching AidsMultimedia, chalks and a blackboard●Learning Procedures●Design of the Blackboard WritingThe Review Lesson and, but & orVeniceSea levelsthe warming of the atmosphere● Teaching Flow Chat。
Module-2-the-Renaissance

2.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive.(上海 2002)
高考链接
1.Father will not allow us______ on the street.
A. to play
B. playing
C. play
D. played
2. He was seen ______near the river at that time
A. playing
B. play
} cannot choose but 不得不;只得
cannot help but
省留to 练一练
1. He could do nothing but _______for the
bus
A. wait
B. to wait
C. waiting D. waited
2.--- Will you have anybody _________ the
Revision
Key Words &Expressions
汉译英 1.以…为基础Fra bibliotekbe based on…
2.开始生效
come into effect
3.见效;奏效 take effect
4.依赖;依靠 depend on ; rely on ; count on
5. 忘记携带… leave sth. behind
why (not)…后省略to
介词except / but后省略to (要 取决有无do
高中英语Module2TheRenaissanceSectionⅢOtherPartsoftheM

返回目录
3.The writer has never seen Van Gogh's paintings before.( )
答案 1.T 2.F 3.T
返回目录
Ⅱ.Read the text on P25 and choose the best answer.
1 . The word “drawback” in Paragraph 5 means
休息时间到啦
同学们,下课休息十分钟。现在是休息 时间,你们休息一下眼睛,
看看远处,要保护好眼睛哦~站起来动一 动,久坐对身体不好哦~
返回目录
[课文理解] Ⅰ.Read the text on P22 and decide whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F). 1.Most people in Amsterdam seldom walk along the street.( ) 2.The architecture in Amsterdam is almost the same as that of other European countries.( )
painting 答案 C
返回目录
5.The main idea of the passage is that
.
A.the Mona Lisa was stolen so that someone could make
six copies and sell them to collectors B.Perugia stole the Mona Lisa on behalf of his boss, who
2.Printing was popular because people were dying for knowledge.( )
高中英语_Module2 Book8 The Renaissance教学课件设计
Thank you! 退出
the Renaissance possible? 4.What new happened in arts and philosophy?
5.Why is Leonardo described as “Renaissance man”?
6. What are his contributions to history?
Para4But they looked forward …by opening new frontiers in the arts.
Para5The sense of exploration…went hand in hand with
a new type of philosophy.
Para6The Renaissance was a time of scientific invention, too.
He was interested in every thing, and had many
6L.tWaeloehnnatatsr,admreoah’ksiisnccgoongntrtreriabtucttoiinoontnrsisbtotuothihoisnitsostrtoyor?hyistory.
Supporting details
Thinking and discussing
Do you know any other things about Leonardo da Vinci? What word(s) can you think of to best describe him? What contributes most to his achievements ? Viewpoint Speaking of/ When it comes to ..., I
2018_2019学年高中英语Module2TheRenaissanceSectionⅢGrammar_复习非谓语动词教案(含解析)外研版选修8
Section Ⅲ Grammar-复习非谓语动词[语法剖析]单句语法填空①To_increase (increase) levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.②Do you mind being_interrupted (interrupt) while studying?③Warned (warn) of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. ④Not_having_seen (not see) her for a long time, I missed her very much. ⑤His first book to_be_published (publish) next month is based on a true story. ⑥The sun began to rise in th e sky, bathing (bathe) the mountain in golden light.1.不定式和动词ing 形式作主语、宾语以及表语时的区别(1)不定式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示具体的、特指一次性或将要发生的动作。
(2)动词ing 形式作主语、宾语以及表语时通常表示抽象的、泛指经常的动作或一般情况。
Swimming is a very good sport in summer.在夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。
(动词ing 形式 swimming 在句中作主语,表示泛指一般情况)They managed to escape from the burning building.他们设法逃离了那座着火的大楼。
(不定式短语 to escape from the burning building 在句中作宾语,表示一次性的动作)[巧学助记](1)通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词(短语):提出要求拒绝难:offer, ask/demand, refuse同意答应会帮忙:agree, promise, help设法做成决心坚:manage, decide/determine/choose计划安排有希望:plan, arrange, desire, would like/love, expect/hope/wish/want/long不能做到不假装:fail, pretend(2)通常只能接动名词作宾语的动词(短语):允许考虑四建议:allow/permit, consider, suggest/advise/propose/recommend 忙于坚持多练习:be busy, insist on, practise承认喜欢多盼望:admit, enjoy, look forward to否认拖延可原谅:deny, delay/postpone/put off, excuse避免错过莫放弃:avoid, miss, give up完成冒险没逃避:finish, risk, escape想象之后才感激:imagine, appreciate[名师点津] (1)有些动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时,意义完全不同:forget ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth. 忘记去做某事doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事 remember ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth. 记住去做某事doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事 regret ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth. 遗憾去做某事doing sth. 后悔做过某事stop ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth. 停下手头正在做的事而去做另一件事doing sth. 停止正在做的事 try ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth. 努力去做某事doing sth. 尝试着做某事mean ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth. 意欲/想/打算做某事doing sth. 意味着做某事go on ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ 做完某事接着做另一件事doing sth. 继续做同一件事 can't help ⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧ to do sth. 不能帮助做某事doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事I'll never forget seeing my daughter dance in public for the first time. 我永远忘不了看着我女儿第一次当众跳舞的情景。
高中英语Module 2 The Renaissance优秀课件
The Renaissance
Pre-reading
Predict:In terms of the Renaissance, what will be covered?
The Renaissance
Fast reading
■ Check your predictions and get the outline of the passage
the Middle Ages
500 AD - 15f the Roman Empire.
1096 - Start of the First Crusade.
The Crusades were a series of religious wars.In all, eight major Crusade expeditions occurred between 1096 and 1291.
Raphael
Write a short passage to introduce the Renaisssance briefly.
the background,the features,the influences,the influential figures...
Summary
Renaissance means “rebirth〞 which took place in Europe and has a great effect on the culture in the world .The achievements it made in painting , architecture, philosophy made it a unique period in history .Great times created great people . Leonardo was an extraordinary genius interested in everything and with many different talents . Mona Lisa painted by him is believed to be the best example of the Renaissance.
Module 2 The Renaissance
Module 2 The Renaissance知识强化一、重点词汇和短语1.work n.[U & C]工作,劳动;工艺品;著作,作品skilled work 需要技能的工作This mat is my own work. .这个垫子是我自己做的。
Shakespeare’s works include plays and poems. 莎士比亚的作品包括剧本和诗歌。
all sorts of valuable works of art 各种贵重的艺术作品短语:in work/ out of work 在业/ 失业do repair work 做修理工作at work 在工作,在干活2.effect n. 结果;影响;效果The advertisement didn’t have much effect on sales.这个广告对销售额没起多大作用。
Beating children has no effect. 打孩子不起作用。
3.dash vi. 猛冲dash +adv. / prep.He dashed across the street. 他冲过马路。
They’ve been dashing about all day. 他们整天在跑来跑去。
n.make a dash for sth. 为……而狂奔4.depend on/ upon 相信,信赖You can’t depend on John——he nearly always arrives late.你不能相信约翰——他几乎总是迟到。
depend on sb. to do sth. / doing sth.相信某人做某事We’re depending on you to finishfinishingthe job.我们相信你可以完成这件工作。
习惯用语:That (all) depends. / It all depends. 那得看情况。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
高考英语二轮练习教案:module2therenaissance 知识详解 ①blamevt.责备,指责,把……归咎于 n、埋怨,责备,责怪,责任 (回归课本P25)TheoutcomeofthestoryisthatPerugiagottheblameforthecrimeandwenttoprison. 故事的结果是佩鲁贾因犯罪受到惩罚而入狱。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Don’ttrytoblameitonme!别想赖我! ②Theyblamedthesecretaryforthedelayoftheplan. 他们责怪秘书延误了计划。 ③Thedriverwasnottoblameforthetrafficaccident. 那起交通事故不应该怪司机。 ④Whoistoblameforthemistake?对那个过错谁应负责? ⑤Thecompanyisreadytotaketheblameforwhathashappened.公司预备对已发生的情况承担责任。 【即境活用】 1、Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho________forthespoiledchild. A、istoblameB、isgoingtoblame C、istobeblamedD、shouldblame 解析:选A。此题考查固定短语betoblame“该受责备,应负责任”。 2、完成句子 It’syouwho________________forthedelayofwork. 工作耽误了,是你该受到责备。 答案:aretoblame ②appealv、呼吁,恳请,求助;吸引;唤起 n、呼吁,恳请;吸引力;上诉 (回归课本P25)We’reappealingtoanyonewhosawthesuspecttocontactus. 我们呼吁不管是谁看到了嫌疑犯,请与我们联系。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①(朗文P80)Themagazineisintendedtoappealtoworkingwomenintheir20sor30s. 这本杂志旨在吸引20几岁到30几岁的职业女性读者。 ②Thegovernmentisappealingtoeveryonetosavewater. 政府呼吁每个人节约用水。 ③They’reappealingtolocalbusinessesforsponsorshipmoney. 他们正请求当地公司提供赞助资金。 ④Hemadeonelastappealtohisfathertoforgivehim. 他最后一次恳求父亲宽恕他。 【即境活用】 3、(南京三模)Theideaoftravelingabroadreally________alotofChinesepeople.That’swhyeveryyearwitnessesmorepeopleapplyingforpassports. A、takestoB、catersto C、attendstoD、appealsto 解析:选D。此题考查动词短语。句意为“出国旅游的想法吸引了特别多中国人。那确实是什么原因每年都有特别多人申请护照。”appealtosb.“对某人有吸引力”。 4.Wesaidwe’dgiveheranotherchance,andwemust________ourpromise. A、appealtoB、stickto C、leadtoD、oweto 解析:选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意为:我们说过我们将再给她一次机会,我们必须信守诺言。appealto吸引,呼吁;leadto导致;oweto因为,由于;归功于;stickto信守,坚持符合句意。 ③suspectvt.&vi.猜想;觉得;怀疑,不信任 n、嫌疑犯,可疑对象 (回归课本P25)We’reappealingtoanyonewhosawthesuspecttocontactus. 我们呼吁不管是谁看到了嫌疑犯,请与我们联系。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Theyallsuspectedthemanwithamoustachetobearobber. 他们都猜测留着胡子的那个人是抢劫犯。 ②Ibegantosuspectthattheyweretryingtogetridofme. 我开始觉察出,他们试图摆脱我。 ③(牛津P2037)Thedrugissuspectedofcausingover200deaths.人们怀疑这种药物造成200人死亡。 【即境活用】 5、Theman________ofshootingsixschoolchildrenwascaughtbyBeijingpolice,theXinhuaNewsAgencyreportedonFriday. A、beingsuspectedB、suspecting C、suspectedD、tobesuspected 解析:选C。suspectedof...为过去分词短语作定语,修饰theman。A、D两项从时间角度考虑不合适。 6.Nobodywantstomakefriendswiththeboy________money. A、suspectedofhavingstolen B、suspectedtosteal C、suspectedhavingstolen D、suspectingtohavestolen 解析:选A。句意为“怀疑某人做某事”的结构是suspectsb.ofdoingsth.因此答案为A,那个地方用过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰boy。 ④seekv、(sought;sought)寻求,查找;追求;探求,探究; (正式)试图 (回归课本P25)We’reseekingagangofcriminals. 我们正在查找一伙罪犯。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Thestudentoftenseeksadvicefromtheteacheronhisstudy. 那个学生经常向老师寻求学习建议。 ②Itisnobletoseekforknowledge. 寻求知识是高尚的。 ③Youngpeoplelongtoseektheirfortuneintheworld. 年轻人渴望闯天下。 ④(朗文P1845)Localshoolsareseekingtoreducethedropoutrate.地方学校在寻求降低辍学率。 【即境活用】 7、Intheearly1920s,thousandsofpeoplewenttoAustraliato________theirfortune. A、seekB、take C、developD、undertake 解析:选A。句意:20世纪20年代初期,成千上万的人到澳大利亚查找发财机会。seekone’sfortune外出查找发财机会是固定搭配。 ⑤leavesth./sb.behind把……抛/落在后面,遗留,超过 (回归课本P25)Theburglarlefttheantiqueframeandtheglassbehind. 盗贼只留下了古董架和玻璃框。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Hewasleftfarbehindfromthestartoftherace. 竞赛一开始他就被远远地抛在后面。 ②Oh,dear!Thebaghasbeenleftbehind. 啊呀!把包给落下了。 ③I’vetoldyoutoleavemythingsalone. 我差不多告诉过你不可动我的东西。 ④Thiswordiswronglyspelt;you’veleftoutaletter. 这单词拼错了,你漏了一个字母。 ⑤Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsproperlyfastened? 你把门窗关好了吗? ⑥They’llleaveforAustraliatomorrowmorning. 他们明天早上将动身去澳大利亚。 【即境活用】 8、Hewon’thelpusevenifwearegoodfriends; ________wetreatedhimbadlybefore. A、letaloneB、leavealone C、leaveoutD、leavebehind 解析:选A。考查固定词组的用法。A项“更不必说”;B项“不管,不理会”;C项“遗漏,省略”;D项“遗留,留下”。由题意知A项正确。 ⑥takeup占有(时间/空间);接着;开始;同意;拿起 (回归课本P27)Withoutinexpensiveprintingtomakebooksavailabletoalargesectionofsociety,thesonofJohnShakespeare,agovernmentofficialinruralEnglandinthemid-1500s,mayneverhavebeeninspiredtotakeupwritingasaprofession. 假如没有低廉的印刷技术使得广大社会阶层有书可读,16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许全然不可能受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①I’lltrynottotakeuptoomuchofyourtime. 我会尽量不占用你太多时间。 ②HehadstudiedJapaneseforayearandahalfbeforehetookupEnglish.他开始学习英语之前差不多学一年半日语了。 ③(牛津P2060)I’dliketotakeupthepointyouraisedearlier. 我想接着谈一谈你早些时候提出的问题。 ④Areyougoingtotakeupthechallengeoflastingawholeweekwithoutbeinglate? 一周不迟到,你能同意这一挑战吗? 【即境活用】 9、(湖北华师大一附中)Shewas________whethertofollowherhusbandtogoabroadortostayathometolookafterherparents. A、takenawayB、takenup C、takenoffD、takenbetween 解析:选D。此题考查动词短语。takebetween表示“在……和……之间进行协调选择”。本句中的whether...or说明这种选择。takeaway“拿走”;takeup“从事”;takeoff“起飞;脱下”。 10.Mystudyofbiologyhas________muchofmysparetime,butithasgivenmeagreatdealofenjoyment. A、takenin B、takendown C、takenup D、takenaway 解析:选C。takein欺骗;takedown写下,拆下;takeup占去;takeaway取走。C项符合题意:“学习生物占去了我大量的业余时间……” ⑦dependon依靠,依赖,取决于 (回归课本P22)UnlikeotherplacesinEurope,wherehouseownersweretaxedonthesizeoftheirwindows,herethetaxesdependedonthewidthofthehouse... 在欧洲其他地方,房屋主人要依照窗户的尺寸纳税;此处却不同,那个地方的税金是依照房屋的宽度而定…… 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①Whetheryoucanpasstheexamdependsonhowhardyouwork. 你能否通过考试取决于你有多努力。 ②Childrendependontheirparentsforliving. 儿童依靠父母生活。 ③Youmaydependonmetohelpyou. 你放心,我会关心你的。 ④Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou. 你相信好了,他们会支持你的。 【即境活用】 11、Howmuchisproduced________howhardwework. A、dependingonB、dependson C、independentD、dependenton