博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(96)_真题-无答案

博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(96)(总分150,考试时间150分钟)Structure and V ocabulary1. 1.The music aroused an______feeling of homesickness in him.A. intentionalB. intermittentC. intenseD. intrinsic2. 2.The medicine______his pain but did not cure his illness.A. activatedB. alleviatedC. mediatedD. deteriorated3. 3.In no______should you do this without help and advice from your doctor—restricting the diet of small children can be very dangerous.A. perspectivesB. restrictionsC. circumstancesD. consequences4. 4.The idea was just beginning to______in America and we knew that it was going to become the way that **panies were run.A. show upB. catch onC. open outD. get by5. 5.Without Bob's testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and______in the case will be impossible.A. verdictB. sentenceC. convictionD. acquittal6. 6.Pupils often want to sit next to their particular friend and many classroom activities involve moving about, but even relatively small alterations can make______to the **fort of pupils with sight defects.A. a differenceB. an interferenceC. a modificationD. an impact7. 7.Most of them had visited the invalid often during the past few months, marveling at his______spirit and his unfailing good temper.A. variantB. gallantC. pertinentD. solitary8. 8.Individuals may at various points in their lives experience discrimination in the allocation of resources either______of being too old or too young.A. at the riskB. to the pointC. in the caseD. on the ground9. 9.When a system is unjust to the______, abolition, not reform, is what respect for justice demands.A. endB. excessC. coreD. bottom10. 10.The custom is______in the belief that a new pregnancy—through its detrimental effect on breastfeeding—would endanger the mother's health.A. celebratedB. observedC. viewedD. presented11. 11.But, in our enthusiasm to discover our heritage, we are mining the very scenery we go to enjoy, damaging natural habitats, ______ down footpaths, disturbing wildlife, polluting the air and dropping litter.A. wearingB. treadingC. fallingD. cutting12. 12.Any person who is in______while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A. jeopardyB. custodyC. suspicionD. probation13. 13.Now, don't tell anyone else what I've just told you. Remember, it's______.A. controversialB. secretiveC. confidentialD. sacred14. 14.The Freedom of Information Act gives private citizen______government files.A. release fromB. excess ofC. redress ofD. access to15. 15.The oil price rise reactivated the boom in commodity prices and______inflation, which reached an annual rate of 15 percent in the spring of 1974.A. boostedB. harnessedC. staggeredD. embarked16. 16.Did he really expect her to smile now and______with his plans, treat all this deception as no more than an unusual diversion?A. fall inB. put offC. agree toD. stand up17. 17.The Commission found instances where police officers had lied under oath, ______evidence, neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned Aborigines.A. entailedB. fabricatedC. cleansedD. precluded18. 18.She______the words, not knowing what to say, how to put into plain speech her decision to finish their love.A. passed ontoB. stumbled overC. burst outD. dropped down19. 19.The ink has faded with time and so parts of the letter were______.A. illegibleB. indelibleC. illegitimateD. inscrutable20. 20.The bishop preached a farewell sermon to a______that filled the church to overflowing.A. processionB. reunionC. rallyD. congregationClozeAssuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect? In high-income regions, 【C1】______North America, our picture suggests that the share of traffic【C2】______supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speedtransport rises sharply. In developing countries, we【C3】______the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these【C4】______in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of low-speed mil transport will probably continue its strongly【C5】______decline.We expect that throughout the period 1990—2050, the【C6】______North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1. 1-hour travel-time【C7】______to automobile travel. The very large demand【C8】______air travel(or high-speed mil travel)that will be manifest in 2050【C9】______to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel【C10】______in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist【C11】______the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades.【C12】______important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and【C13】______low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions.【C14】______of the super-rich **mute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the【C15】______.21. 21.【C1】A. franklyB. exceptionallyC. unfortunatelyD. notably22. 22.【C2】A. volumeB. bodyC. measureD. funds23. 23.【C3】A. admireB. assureC. assertD. anticipate24. 24.【C4】A. outcomesB. trendsC. declinesD. impacts25. 25.【C5】A. inherentB. evidentC. large-scaleD. hidden26. 26.【C6】A. generalB. commonC. localD. average27. 27.【C7】A. profitB. costC. budgetD. facility28. 28.【C8】A. inB. ofC. atD. for29. 29.【C9】A. works outB. leaves outC. runs outD. puts out30. 30.【C10】A. timeB. desireC. agencyD. means31. 31.【C11】A. toB. asC. withD. over32. 32.【C12】A. Despite the factB. Whatever it isC. No matter howD. Whether or not33. 33.【C13】A. plusB. includingC. evenD. as well as34. 34.【C14】A. FewB. AllC. NoneD. Some35. 35.【C15】A. mountainB. groundC. skyD. landReading ComprehensionCan animals have a sense of humor? Sally Blanchard, publisher of a newsletter called the Pet Bird Report, thinks a pet parrot may have pulled her leg. That's one explanation for the time herAfrican gray parrot, named Bongo Marie, seemed to feign distress at the possible death of an Amazon parrot named Paco.It happened one day when Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner. As Blanchard lifted her knife, the African gray threw back its head and said, "Oh, no! Paco!" Trying not to laugh, Blanchard said, "That's not Paco," and showed Bongo Marie that the Amazon was alive and well. Mimicking a disappointed tone, Bongo Marie said, "Oh, no," and launched into a hoarse laugh.Was the parrot joking when it seemed to believe the other bird was a goner? Did Bongo **prehend Blanchard's response? Studies of African grays have shown that they can understand the meaning of words—for example, that red refers to a color, not just a particular red object. Parrots also enjoy getting a reaction out of humans, and so, whether or not Bongo Marie's crocodile tears were intentional, the episode was thoroughly satisfying from the parrot's point of view.36. 36.When Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner, Bongo Marie acted as if Paco was______.A. gone and couldn't eat the mealB. dead and being cut for the mealC. deadly ill and discarded by the hostessD. away and should be back to join them37. 37.Why did Sally Blanchard believe Bongo Marie made a joke that day?A. It showed sadness and deceived her.B. It shed crocodile tears intentionally.C. It pretended to understand her words.D. It burst into laughter after a distressed tone.38. 38.In the last sentence, the clause "the episode was...point of view" suggests that Bongo Marie was______.A. quite content with its own performanceB. believed to have a sense of humorC. trying to win its host's favorD. successful in getting a human responseDon't call him just a college professor. Internet entrepreneur, TV personality, advisor to presidents, and friend to the rich and powerful would be more accurate.Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. is better known for his activities outside the academy. This week he sold Africana. com, a website he created with a fellow Harvard University professor, to Time Warner. Terms of the deal weren't revealed, though the Wall Street Journal pegged the price at more than $ 10 million, with Gates reaping up to $ 1 million. Time Warner will incorporate the site, a portal with news and information about people of African descent, into America Online when the two merge as expected. The sense is that Gates got a very good deal. The site is a rich source of scholarship but hardly a rich source of revenue.As recently as the late 1980s Gates, who turns 50 this week, was an obscure professor, penning books on literary theory only a graduate student could love. Now he can't be avoided: He hosted a series about Africa on public television, writes occasional articles for the New Yorker, and even advises the Gore presidential campaign. He counts director Steven Spielberg, Microsoft's Bill Gates and President Clinton as friends. "They're not intimate friends," he insists.Indeed, Gates has evolved into a kind of expert on everything African-American. "Heremains the go-to person on the state of African-American affairs," said Perry Steinberg, head of American Program Bureau, a lecture agency. The 30 or so speeches Gates delivers each year are another source of income for the professor.With **es controversy. Several other black intellectuals have taken him to task for not being confrontational enough. Gates has heard it before. "Me? Critics? Oh, what a shock. " But he considers himself more a descendent of historian and educator W. E. B. Du Bois than of Malcolm X. His ultimate goal is to build the field of Afro-American studies. "Fifty years from now I want there to be at least 10 great centers of Afro-American studies," he says.If working as a consultant on Spielberg's historical film Amistad or giving Al Gore advice helps, so be it.39. 39.What can we learn about Africana. com?A. It may be financially mediocre to Time Warner.B. It is maintained by Gates for Time Warner.C. It becomes a sister website of America Online.D. It is meant for the U. S. general public.40. 40.What is true about Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. ?A. He is barely qualified to teach in Harvard.B. He is an American of African descent.C. History and education are his minors.D. President Gore is among his friends.41. 41.In Paragraph 5, the phrase "have taken him to task for..." most probably means______.A. have blamed him for a certain faultB. have made him pay for his mistakeC. have had him do an assignmentD. have trusted him with a certain job42. 42.From Gates's mention of W. E.B.Du Bois and Malcolm X we can infer that______.A. Gates is reluctant to take the latter as his ancestorB. Gates regards the former as more successful than the latterC. Gates remains a follower of the former instead of the latterD. Gates claims to have a similar career to that of the former43. 43.According to Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. himself, giving advice to Al Gore is______.A. out of some academic concernB. for some financial purposesC. in the interest of Afro-AmericansD. of some political consequence44. 44.In this passage the author expresses a tone of______.A. admirationB. sarcasmC. objectivityD. disapprovalForget football. At many high schools, the **petition is between Coke and Pepsi over exclusive "pouring rights" to sell on campus. But last week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, called a timeout: Coke's machines will now also stock water, juice, and other healthful options—even rival brands and their facades will feature school scenes and other "noncommercialgraphics" instead of Coke's vivid red logo. "The pendulum needs to swing back" on school-based marketing, said Dunn.Coke's about-face—particularly the call to end the exclusive deals that bottlers make with school **es amid rising concern over kids' health. American children are growing ever more obese and developing weight-related diseases usually found in adults. While inactivity and huge helpings factor heavily, a recent study in the Lancet fingered soda pop as a likely culprit. Communities—and legislators—are already on the case. Last year, for instance, parents in Philadelphia detailed a proposed contract with Coca-Cola that would have netted the school system $ 43 million over 10 years. And in a searing report to congress last month, the U. S. Department of Agriculture recommended that all snacks sold in schools meet federal nutrition standards(the requirements are loose enough that Snickers bars qualify).Spare change? Activists hope Coke's capitulation will help **mercialism in schools altogether. From ads on Channel One, which broadcasts current-affairs programs on classroom TV, to middle-school math texts that cite Nike and other brand-name products in their word problems, to company-sponsored scoreboards on football fields, American pupils are bombarded. But Andrew Hagelshaw, executive director of the Oakland, Calif. -based Center for Commercial-Free Public Education, views Coca-Cola's policy shift as a "partial victory". Schools sign contracts with local bottlers; the **pany can only urge them to back off. Moreover, Coke's machines will remain in place, although with healthier options.And don't expect teenagers to suddenly swear off the stuff—or school districts to give up the revenue. At Wheeler High School in Marietta, Ga., where students arrive before 7 a. m. and stay as late as 11 o'clock at night, they rely on the machines. And the $ 50,000 in annual vending revenues have enabled Principal Joe Boland to refinish the gym floor, install a new high-jump pit, and pay $ 7,000 for two buses. "If someone made an offer to me to take the machines out, I'd consider it," says Boland. "But nobody's offering me any money. "45. 45."Forget football" in Paragraph 1 suggests that football has been______.A. the **petition at high schoolsB. thought to have ill impact on studentsC. competing **mercials on campusD. brought into disrepute by Coke and Pepsi46. st week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, made an important decision to______.A. defend its red logo on a still larger scaleB. agree to negotiate with Pepsi over new termsC. modify its sales engineering at high schoolsD. give up its exclusive "pouring rights" on campus47. 47.Coca-Cola is to take new action most probably because______.A. it will sacrifice itself for children's healthB. it will not get involved in some law suitsC. it is unable to beat so many opponentsD. it is reluctant to fall behind **pany48. 48.Supporters of Coca-Cola would say that its new practice will______.A. set a moral example for **mercialism on campusB. stop **mercialism in school in the near futureC. help the business prevail over others in schoolD. gain a wide acclaim from all the students49. 49.The phrase "back off" in boldface in this context probably means______.A. to keep promise of fulfilling the contractsB. to avoid making as many deals as beforeC. to refrain from doing business with schoolsD. to yield in claims while making a contract50. 50.It is hard to move the Coke machine out of school because______.A. it always brings in money more than students' tuitionB. it is likely to cause students to become Coke addictsC. it can never be ignored as it brings funds to schoolD. it serves as the largest portion in school's businessWithin hours of appearing on television to announce the end of conscription, President Jacques Chirac moved quickly to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment. Addressing more than 500 military staff officers at the military academy in Paris yesterday, Mr. Chirac said clearly that he "expected" their loyalty in the work of rebuilding France's national defense.He understood their "legitimate concerns, questions and emotions" at the reforms, but added: "You must understand that there is not and never has been any rigid model for French defense. Military service has **pulsory for less than a century. Realism required that our armed forces should now be professional. "The president's decision to abolish conscription over a period of six years removes a rite of passage for young Frenchmen that has existed since the Revolution, even though obligatory national service only became law in 1905. As recently as 1993, an opinion poll showed that more than 60% of French people said they feared the abolition of conscription could endanger national security. A poll conducted this month, however, showed that 70% of those asked favored ending of practice, and on the streets and in offices yesterday, the response to Mr. Chirac's announcement was generally positive.Among people **pleted their 10-month period of national service in the last few years or were contemplating the prospect, there was almost universal approval, tempered by a sense that something hard to define—mixing with people from other backgrounds, a formative experience, a process that encouraged national or social cohesion—might be lost.Patrick, who spent his year in the French city of Valance assigning and collecting uniforms, and is now a computer manager, said he was in tears for his first week, and hated most of his time. He thought it was "useless" as a form of military training— "I only fired a rifle twice"—but, in retrospect, useful for learning how to get on with people and instilling patriotism.As many as 25% of those liable for military service in France somehow avoid it—the percentage is probably much greater in the more educated and higher social classes.According to Geoffroy, a 26-year-old reporter, who spent his time in the navy with the information office in central Paris, the injustice is a good reason for abolishing it. People with money or connections, he said, can get well-paid assignments abroad. "It's not fair: some do it, some don't. "Several expressed support for the idea of a new socially-oriented voluntary service that would be open to both men and women. But the idea seemed less popular among women. Atpresent, women have the option of voluntary service and a small number choose to take it.51. 51.President Chirac's decision, announced on TV, on ending conscription seemed to______.A. have got no consensus from military officersB. have curbed disagreement among the officersC. be an apology made to the military academyD. be an understanding of all military officers52. 52.In place of military service, president Chirac proposed the establishment of______.A. a new military academyB. a rite of passage for young FrenchmenC. conscription over a period of six yearsD. professional armed forces53. 53.Conscription in France has existed______.A. since 1993B. since the French RevolutionC. nearly fifty yearsD. almost a century54. 54.What worries people who have **pleted their military service about the reform?A. A lack of experience that helps build national morale.B. The injustice arising from voluntary military service.C. A shortage of recruit.D. The weakening of national defense.55. 55.When Patrick considered his time in the army "in retrospect," he______.A. regretted his waste of time serving in the armyB. corrected his previous view on military serviceC. still felt sorrow for those under a forced serviceD. revealed his failure to get on with people56. 56.We learn from the passage that French women______.A. are greeting the reform with enthusiasmB. are not eligible to serve in the armyC. do not **pulsory military serviceD. hate to be exempted from military service57. 57.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. Fairness in Conscription Is DesirableB. Chirac's Administration Meets ObjectionsC. Soul of France Is to Be Kept with ArmsD. Few French Regret the Farewell to ArmsMost people who develop Lyme disease, a tick-born infection that's endemic in parts of the Northeast and Midwest, are easily cured by taking an antibiotic like doxycycline for a couple of weeks. But for years a debate has raged over what to do about patients whose symptoms(fatigue, mental confusion, joint pain)never seem to clear up. One small but vocal group of doctors and patient advocates believes that Lyme's corkscrew-shaped spirochetes have tunneled deep into their victims' bodies and can be eradicated only with intensive antibiotic treatment over many months. Another group believes, just as adamantly, that the bacteria are long gone, making further treatment with powerful antibiotics—which can lead to potentially fatal infections or bloodclots—positively dangerous.**es word of two studies in the New England Journal of Medicine that show that long-term antibiotic treatment is no better than a placebo for folks with chronic Lyme disease. Originally scheduled for publication in July, the research is part of a group of findings made public last week—just in time for the peak Lyme months of June and July. If confirmed by another major study that's looking at chronic Lyme and antibiotics from a slightly different perspective, the results would seem to settle the question once and for all.Researchers from Boston, New Haven, Conn., and V alhalla, N. Y., followed 129 patients who had previously been treated for well-documented cases of Lyme disease. Sixty-four were given antibiotics directly into their veins for a month, followed by two months of oral antibiotics. The others received dummy medications. A third of the chronic Lyme patients got better while taking the antibiotics. But so did a third of those on the placebo. Indeed, the results were so similar that a monitoring board decided to cut the trials short rather than add more subjects to the test groups.Unfortunately, the debate over chronic Lyme has become so heated that no one expects the controversy to go away. But both sides may **fort in the other findings that were released by the New England Journal last week. After studying 482 subjects bitten by deer ticks in a part of New York with a lot of Lyme disease, researchers concluded that a singly 200-mg dose of doxycycline dramatically cut the risk of contracting the disease. That good news is tempered somewhat by the fact that 80% of patients who develop the infection don't remember ever being bitten by a tick.(The bugs inject an anesthetic into the skin to mask the pain and in their nymph stage are so small—about the size of a poppy seed—that they are easily overlooked.)There's still plenty you can do to protect yourself in a Lyme-infested neighborhood: tuck your pants in your socks, spray DEET on your clothing, check yourself and your kids for ticks. And if you develop a spreading red rash—particularly if it's accompanied by joint pain, chills or confusion—make sure you see a doctor right away. The trick, as always, is to be vigilant without overreacting.58. 58.According to the passage, Lyme disease______.A. is one of the contagious diseasesB. is spread by a kind of tiny bugsC. causes infection all over the bodyD. develops against any painkillers59. 59.With respect to treating chronic Lyme, ______.A. even the patients doubt the antibiotic treatmentB. doxycycline has been regarded as the most effectiveC. doctors disagree as to the effect of strong antibioticsD. moderate antibiotics are better than intensive ones60. 60.The word "adamantly"(in boldface)is closest in meaning to______.A. unprejudicedlyB. undoubtedlyC. understandablyD. unyieldingly61. 61.As the contest shows, a placebo is______.A. a dummy medicationB. a chronic Lyme patientC. one peak Lyme monthD. better than an antibiotic62. 62.How is the experiment with 129 patients related to the argument stated in Paragraph 2?A. It aims to look at the problem from a different perspective.B. The experiment result shows the contrary to the argument.C. The experiment result gives a support to the argument.D. It aims to provide an alternative solution to the problem.63. 63.The good news to both sides of the debate is that______.A. an infected majority didn't sense any tick bitingB. one dose of antibiotics may prevent the infectionC. doxycycline is strong enough to end the infectionD. antibiotics live up to their reputation to cure Lyme64. 64.What useful information can be drawn from the passage by a chronic Lyme patient?A. We are still not out of the woods in curing the disease.B. They should take cautions against being further infection.C. We have both traditional and new ways to treat the disease.D. They should keep alert while traveling in a Lyme-infected area.65. 65.In what kind of style is the passage written?A. Narrative.B. Argumentative.C. Informative.D. Descriptive.English-Chinese TranslationAs Apple prepares to report what(analysts project)may be **pany's first year-over-year quarterly earnings decline in a decade on Tuesday, it is also grappling with jittery investors and a recent share-price plunge that has wiped about $ 280 billion off its market capitalization since its stock reached a high of $ 702. 10 last September.【T1】Much of the investor nervousness is rooted in how Wall Street is treating and valuing the Cupertino, Calif. , company as a traditional hardware maker. One camp of analysts and some investors said there is strong evidence that Apple should be viewed in a different light: as a software-hardware hybrid.The distinction matters. If it continues to be seen as a hardware business, Apple's streak—driven by products like the iPhone and iPad—could run out quickly as smartphones and tablets **moditized and consumer tastes change. 【T2】It is a lesson learned by companies like BlackBerry-maker Research In Motion Ltd. , whose tech hardware was quickly eclipsed by products from Apple itself.If Apple is classified as a software-hardware hybrid, **pany could be valued more like Internet and software makers that have recurring revenue streams and that often trade at higher price-to-earnings ratios than hardware firms."The market views Apple as a consumer **pany tied to product cycles that drive volatile revenue and earnings streams," says Morgan Stanley analyst Katy Huber-ty. 【T3】But that view isn't complete, she says, since "Apple customers buy into a brand that offers ease of use similar to。