2017医学考博英语作文分析及范文指导3

2017医学考博英语作文分析及范文指导3
2017医学考博英语作文分析及范文指导3

2017医学考博英语作文分析及范文指导(3)医学考博英语作文内容为要求考生根据一篇800-1000字的汉语医学

科普文章,写出一篇200字的英文摘要,很多考博生感到无从下笔,新东

方在线考博频道将带领大家根据模医学考博英语作文拟试题进行分析指导。

Part V Writing (20%)(50 minutes)

Directions:In this part there is an essay inChinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English onthe ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers all the major points ofthe article.

饮食预防三高脑卒中泛指各种急性的脑血管意外,包括脑出血、脑缺

血梗死、脑血栓形成、蛛网膜下腔出血等。这些疾病成因复杂,病后恢复慢,如果治疗和护理不当还容易复发,有着很高的致残率和死亡率。有研

究表明,年龄(>50岁)、吸烟史、糖尿病、高脂血症、高血压、牙周病等,都是导致脑卒中发生的危险因素。血压增高会使得脑血管破裂的风险增加,高血糖和高血脂会造成血流缓慢、动脉血管弹性下降、粥样硬化形成,为

脑部组织供血的血管网在“三高’’的侵袭下,会逐步丧失活力,变得脆弱、狭窄。

说到脑卒中的防治,离不开饮食和营养。通常而言,低盐、低脂而营

养均衡的饮食方式,有助于防范“三高”对脑卒中的诱发。盐的成分是氯化钠,长期钠摄入过多会降低动脉壁弹性,使人患高血压。有研究发现,单纯减

少盐分就可以使得1/3患者的血压降低。一个人一天所需要的钠盐不过是1克左右(除非大量排汗),1克盐大约只相当于花生米大小的一点点,而人们

在日常饮食中所摄入的往往要高出几倍甚至几十倍。多吃盐会造成身体对其他几种电解质如钾、镁、钙的需要增加。高钾饮食能促进身体钠的排泄,而镁元素有降胆固醇、扩张血压的作用,充足的钙摄入可以避免因缺钙造成的骨钙溶出和钙在软组织、血管壁的异常沉积。由此可知,保持饮食中钠、钾、镁、钙等无机元素的平衡,摄入低盐、高钾、高钙和高镁的食物能预防高血压、动脉硬化,从而防范脑卒中。

低脂肪、低胆固醇的饮食,对于“三高”的治疗、脑卒中的预防无疑是必要的。但要适度进行,避免矫枉过正,对老年人尤其如此。有许多热衷保健的老年朋友认为动物脂肪有害无益,因而很少吃动物肉,动物内脏和蛋黄也因为胆固醇含量高而遭排斥。然而动物蛋白质相比植物蛋白含有较多的蛋氨酸、赖氨酸、脯氨酸和牛磺酸,是营养学界公认的优质蛋白质,长期拒食可能会造成氨基酸摄入不足、血管脆性和弹性下降。不可否认,动物肝脏和蛋黄中胆固醇的含量确实很高,对于血脂异常的人来说,的确不适合随意进食,但同时在常见食物中它们的营养价值排名靠前,如蛋黄中富含卵磷脂,而肝脏富含维生素A、D、B族和微量元素铁、锌、硒、铜等,完全放弃实在可惜,而善加利用则有助于营养均衡。有许多调查和研究都表明脑出血的发生与蛋白质摄入不足相关,却并非营养过剩,可见一味吃素并无益于减少脑卒中发生的危险。

营养均衡是预防脑卒中发生的硬道理,但说来容易做时却不简单。比如说,许多人都知道不吃早餐不利于身体健康,但却长年如此;还有的人不注意维护牙齿健康,人还未老,咀嚼功能却严重下降,导致蔬菜水果摄入减少,粗粮杂豆更是不敢去动了。再有就是人们在饮酒上的态度,要么好

饮贪杯不能自己,要么干脆滴酒不沾,然而各种研究都表明红葡萄酒同绿茶一样,都含有多酚类物质,这是一种能保持血管壁弹性、预防动脉粥样硬化的好东西,有试验表明每天饮用一杯红葡萄酒可防止形成血栓,产生与阿司匹林相似的保护作用,故此,人们可以通过少量饮用红酒和适量饮茶来获得。另外,人们还应该关注季节和物产变化造成的营养差异,比如在冬天,是脑卒中发病的高峰期,而冬季人们的食物当中往往更缺乏富含维生素C的新鲜果蔬,维生素C具有抗氧化性,可以减少血中纤维蛋白原的浓度,具有对心脑血管的保护作用,一个人尽量保持每天的蔬菜消费量不少于500克、维生素C的摄入不少于100毫克将有助于预防脑梗的发生,特别是高血压和糖尿病患者更应做到这一点。

【写作例文】

Keep a Balanced Diet to Stay Away from ThreeHypers

Brain stroke refers to acute cerebra] accidents including hemorrhage, is chemic thrombus of the brain, etc. This is closely related to the "threehypers", namely hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, and hypertension.Hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia slows down blood circulation, reduces bloodvessel elasticity, thus causing arteriosclerosis while hypertension may lead toblood vessel rupture. To prevent the three hypers, a balanced and rational diethas to be kept.

Most importantly, a balanced diet low in salt and fat helps preventstroke caused by the three hypers. Too much salt may reduce the elasticity ofblood vessel and thus cause hypertension. Balanced diet may

help reducecholesterol and promote sodium excretion to take in adequate calcium, kalium, etc.instead of salt. However, don't go to extreme when keeping a balanced diet. Abalanced diet doesn't necessarily mean no intake of fat, salt and animal foodat all.

To keep a balanced diet regularly and constantly, don't skipbreakfast. Don't drink too much. Keep dental health. Eat some fruit andvegetables

for adequate intake of various vitamins according to differentseasons.

In short, to avoid brain stroke, stay away from the three hypers. Todo this, we should take in adequate amount of nutrients while keeping abalanced diet.

【写作分析】

人们常说“眼睛是心灵的窗户”,而一篇文章的标题则是文章主题的窗户。一看这个标题,我们就可知这是一篇关于如何通过饮食来预防“三高”的文章。文章有“三多”:一是字数相对地多(1370字),二是医学术语多,三是营养学和食品术语多。但读者和考生不必担心,最近四年来,只要是医学专业术语,试卷上都会标注相应的英文。关键词包括,三高(three hypers/three highs),脑卒中(brainstroke),营养均衡(balanced diet),低(或“高”)盐、脂肪、胆固醇(等)的食物(foods/dietlow/high in salt,fat and cholesterol),预防(prevent),营养(nutrition),营养物/素(nutrients)等。还有就是文章写得

有些凌乱,但凌乱似乎是历届医学博士英语考试摘要写作原文的特点,尤

其是1999年、2000年和2007年的题。所以,大家需要平静地对待。

第一个难似乎是“三高”,完全可以直译成threehighs(笔者用的是three hypers,因为“三高”的英文的前缀都是hyper-)。当然,在这之前要将“三高”的英文全文写到摘要中,否则threehighs师出无名。

第二个难点是如何几句话后就转到饮食预防“三高”的话题。原文写得有些凌乱,第一段无非是说脑卒中是由“三高”引起的。只要把这一点写出来了,就可以通过一个转折词来转到通过饮食预防“三高”了。

第三个难点是如何去掉繁杂的细节,拣最主要的讲。概括起来,无非就是各类食物可能引起哪个“高”,所以要避免该类食物。这里就可以根据读者和考生的医学常识进行简写,只要不与原文的意思相反即可。

最后就是总结全文,重述主题句(通过控制饮食或均衡营养来预防“三高”)了。总的说来,不要被那些专业术语、营养词汇以及那些细节吓坏了,用最通俗的话来概述和总结全文即可。阅卷老师看的是你的英文水平,而不是看你的医学知识和科研水平。

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2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚,并按“考场指令”要求,将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上,不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔,将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑;如要更 正,先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠,同时答题卡须保持平整干净,以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音,每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心

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PAPER ONE Part 1 :Listening comprehension(30%) Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends. D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.

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