LINUX最常用的系统状态查询命令

LINUX常用的系统状态查询命令

# lsdev ?C ?s scsi

列出各个SCSI设备的所有相关信息：如逻辑单元号，硬件地址及设备文件名等。

# ps -ef

列出正在运行的所有进程的各种信息：如进程号及进程名等。

# netstat -rn

列出网卡状态及路由信息等。

# netstat -in

列出网卡状态及网络配置信息。

# df -k

列出已加载的逻辑卷及其大小信息。

# mount

列出已加载的逻辑卷及其加载位置。

# uname -a

列出系统ID 号，系统名称，OS版本等信息。

# hostname

列出系统网络名称。

# lsvg ?l rootvg,lsvg ?p rootvg

显示逻辑卷组信息，如包含哪些物理盘及逻辑卷等。

# lslv ?l datalv,lslv ?p datalv

显示逻辑卷各种信息，如包含哪些盘，是否有镜像等。

八网络故障定位方法

网络不通的诊断过程：

ifconfig查看网卡是否启动 (up)

netstat ?i查看网卡状态

Ierrs/Ipkts和Oerrs/Opkts是否>1%

ping自己网卡地址 (ip地址)

ping其它机器地址，如不通，在其机器上用diag检测网卡是否有问题。

在同一网中，subnetmask应一致。

网络配置的基本方法：

(1) 如需修改网络地址、主机名等，一定要用chdev命令

# chdev ?l inet0 ?a hostname=myhost

# chdev -l en0 -a netaddr=’Array.3.240.58’ -a netmask=255.255.255.0’

(2) 查看网卡状态：# lsdev ?Cc if

(3) 确认网络地址：# ifconfig en0

(4) 启动网卡：# ifconfig en0 up

(5) 配置路由

有两种方式加入路由：

永久路由

# chdev -l inet0 -a route=’10.47.0.0’,’Array.3.240.5Array’

临时路由

# route add 10.47.1.2 Array.3.240.5Array

用命令netstat -rn查看路由表

附：常用命令列表：

Any XXXX, ####, ****, or X is to be substituted by a name, resource name or #, fn = filename

DIR = Directory

| = pipe symbol

bosboot -a -d /dev/hdiskx -rebuilds boot record/image on boot device(hdiskx) cat -view contents of a file

cat /tmp/****.1 -view a file, look at output

cat fnfn>newfile -combines two files to a single file

cd -will return you to default DIR

cd / -will put in root DIR

cd /xxxx -change you to a DIR anywhere is system

cd .. -will drop you out of 1 DIR at a time

cd xxxxx -will change you to a DIR in current dir

cfgmgr -will auto config devices

cfgmgr -v & -(-v) shows processes (&) puts in background

chps -s xx hd# -increase paging space (xx=# of addt’l PPs)

cpoldfnnewfn -copy a file

cpoldfnDirn -copy a file to another directory

crontab -l -list crontab entries for the current user

ctrl + v -will page down 1 page

ctrl + 6 -will page up 1 page

del fn -same as rm -i,promts to remove fn

df -I -shows status of file systems (no inodes)

df -Ik -(k) show status in 1024 bites(1mb)(only AIX 4

diag -a -updates changes in hardware configuration

diag ***** -****= a device type(as tape,disk....Fastpath)

diag -cd rmtX -resets tape drive

dosformat -formats a diskette to DOS

dosdir -list files on dos formated diskette

dosread XX YY -copies dos file XX to aix file YY

doswrite YY XX -copies aix file YY to dos file XX

errpt -generates a one line synopsis of logged errors

errpt | pg -list errorlog 1 page @ a time(1st column is ID)

errpt -a -displays detailed information of logged errors

errpt -s Mmddhhmmyy -select entries posted later than date

errpt -aj XXXXXXX -list detail error by ID number.(XXX=1st column)

errpt -d S -list software errors

errpt -j XXXXXXX -list summary report by ID number.

errpt -aN XXXXXX -list detailed report by resource name column

errpt -N XXXXXXX -list summary report by resource name column

errclear 0 -clears errorlog

errclear -N XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by resource name, 0=all enter

errclear -j XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by ID number.

finger -same as who but with more details

flcopy -copies a diskette to another diskette

format -formats a diskette in default diskette drive

format -l -formats in lower denity: 1.44 on 2.44 / 720 on 1.44

hostname -responds with host system name

host (hostname) -responds with internet address

instfix -ik IPAR# -lists ipar fix was completely installed

lppchk -v -checks install status of LPPs

lppchk -v 2> /dev/lpX -sends output of lppchk to printer lpx

lpstat -a all -view all printer queues

lptest 80 5 > /dev/lp0 -send test pattern to lp0

ls -list names of files & directories in current dir

ls -lia -list details of files, current dir&subdir

ls -al -list details of files or dir in current dir

lsattr -El xxxxxx -list specific settings on a device

lsdev -C | sort -d -f -list system hardware (devices)

lsdev -C | grep 00-0X -list resourses for a adapter

lsdev -Cc xxxxx -H -list devices(xxx=tty,printer,disk,memory,adpt lsdev -Cs scsi -list scsi devices(not serial or raid)

lsdev -Cc tape -list tape devices

lsdev -Cs pci -list pci devices

lsdev -Cs isa -list isa devices

lscons -lists the assigned console

lscfg -list hardware list (same as diags list)

lscfg -rlmem* |pg -lists the memory on PCI bus machines

lscfg -vl XXXXX -list config info from a device.(rmt0,hdisk,etc)

lscfg -vl sysplanar0 -lists the machine type, model, s/n on SMP

lsfs -list all filesystems + data from "df" cmd

lslpp -l | grep BROKEN -lists incomplete ptfs

lslv -m hd5 -finds boot drive under pv1 column

lsps -a -checks available paging space

lsps -s -checks available paging space

lspv -lists information about the physical volumes

lspvhdisk# -list drive info

lspv -l hdisk# -lists logical volume group disk in

lsuser -f ALL -lists all attributes for all users

lsvg -lists volume groups

lsvg -p XXXXXX -lists disks in volume group (xxxxx= volume name) more -reads files and displays the text one screen at a time.

mpcfg -df -list all setting the machine is set to (smp)

mpcfg -cf 11 1 -changes to fast IPL on SMP machines (smp)

mv fn (path fn) -move and rename a file

oslevel -shows AIX version (3.2.4 and above)

pg -reads and displays text one screen at a time.

pdisable -makes unavailable or shows all disabled tty’s

pdisabletty# -disables a tty

penable -makes available or shows all enabled tty’s

penabletty# -enables a tty

ps -el |pg -look at process running on system

pwd -list what DIR you are currently in

r -repeats last command

rm -i ******* -remove a file & will prompt you if you are sure

rmdev -l XXXXX -removes a device and defines it to data base rmdev -l XXXXX -d -removes a device and deletes it from data base set -o vi -sets up to veiwcammands that have been run

:wq -write(save) and quit file

Esc + k -used with SET command to list last command

k,l -k=list next command ran, l=steps you thru command

I -use with SET command inserts characters

j -steps you backwards

cw -cw=removes a word,just type in new word

(use with Esc)

a,x,r -a=added text, x=delete text, r=replace text(r+letter)

R -lets you type over letters or words

smit ***** -(*****= tape,disk,tty,etc.fastpath)

su -stands for switch user,(NOT super user)

su -switches to root id or prompts you for password

su XXXXXX -switches to XXXXXX’s id

tar -cvf /dev/rmtX /etc -will copy /etc to a tape drive

tar -tvf /dev/rmtX -will read a tape drive

tctl -f /dev/rmtXrewoffl -rewind & eject tape

tctl -f /dev/rmtX.1 fsf 3 -forward advances a tape to be read by TAR tctl -F -list avail commands(-F flag is not correct)

tctlretension -retensions tape in tape drive

& -put any command in background with process ID