新托福听力之题目定位之题型细节分析
新托福考试听力测试考点分析：听力介绍+方法指导
听力考试概述TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language ibt: internet based test ETS ：“What we cared about is whether a student has the ability to study in an academic environment劣势：• 机考形式 • 内容学术 • 耐受力要求高 优势：• 能刷高分 • 环境真实 四级通过----80六级通过----95 阅读—20 中国：77 18 口语—19 写作—20日本：70 韩国：84 1. 听力考试形式⏹ 答题形式：听--笔记--读题--确定答案⏹ 题目形式：单选；多选；排序；搭配；表格 ⏹ 语音形式：美音为主+国际语音 2．考试界面展示3．听力考试内容听力材料题目数量时间Conversation: 2-3个长对话5 2-3 min/conversationLecture:4-6个学术讲座6 4-6 min/lectureTotal:6-9(加试)34+ 60—90 minConversation考察场景⏹Office hour（可能涉及学术内容或与课程相关）⏹Service encounter（通常为非学术性内容）⏹讲座四大类话题：⏹Arts (艺术)⏹Life Science (生命科学)⏹Physical Science (自然科学)⏹Social Science (社会科学)听力能力提升之笔记一、Why to Take Notes?•无预览•对话/讲座持续时间长•防止听力过程中走神•训练听力思维能力二、How to Take Notes?•速记•听懂后总结•只记录核心观点•有一定结构性三、What Notes to Take?•主旨•分论点＝: equal to, the same as≠: difference↑: increase, promote, enhance, improve, go up↓: decrease, fall, worsen, reduce＋: plus, add, besides, moreover－: minus, deduct, except→: result in, lead to←: originate from, date back to√: correct, good, positive, affirmative×: wrong, bad, mistaken, negative☆: outstanding, elite∵: because, owing to, thanks to, since, as∴: therefore, consequently, as a result, so, hence ∑: total, amount～：about/around，or so，approximately∈：belong to, be part of, fall into, remain with,++：最高级best, most高：superior to，surpass低：inferior to2.列顺序｛⒈⒉⒊Ⅰ；Ⅱ；ⅢA; B ; C3.做比较= Equals=/= Does not equal& And> Is more than< Is less than4.表因果→Leading to∴Therefore∵Because5.表年代1929→Since 1929←1929 1929 and earlierC. Century6.表增减↑To increase↓To decrease/ Per% Percent7.表举例e. g. -----For example8.其它常用符号♂Man; Men♀Woman; Women$ dollar£ pound€eurob.速记方法二：缩写1.拿掉所有元音msg messagestd standardmkt marketrspct respect2.保留前几个字母wk--------weekbd---------boardpl----------peoplebk---------bank,book3.后缀缩写able/ ible/ ble bling: Gtion: Nment: T/ mtize: Ztive: TVless: LSful: FLed: dent/ant: T4.后缀缩写impossible-----------impoblshopping-------------SHPGoccupation-----------OCPNamendment----------amdmtorganization----------ognzeffective----------------efctvregardless-------------rgdlsurgent------------------URGT五、文章结构及笔记方法论⏹完整的结构---从牌面分类到规则梳理⏹清晰的逻辑---由浅入深⏹个性的符号---拼音图片联用⏹主次分明---不含次要信息六、Conversation 结构七、conversation 笔记要点• 提出问题• 原因诊断1、原因诊断2、原因诊断3 • 解决方案1----拒绝+理由 • 解决方案2----拒绝+理由 • 最终解决方案 • 建议/保证问答 矛盾 八、1.Consultation-an engineering courseQ ：上 Eng 课----take again Why ？ Do better ？Half + rest = better next time Fill a form有form-----need sig必须滴！听力材料(student) Professor, I have a question about taking the engineering course that you’ll be teaching. I already took this course once, but I didn’t do very well on it, and I’d like to take it over again.(professor) Why do you want to try it again? Do you think you can do it better this time?(student) Well, I understood about half material last time, and if I concentrate on the rest of the material, I think I can do much better next time.(professor) It’s …uh…possible to repeat a course to try for a higher grade, as long as the appropriate form is filled out.(student) I’ve got the form right here, and I’ve already filled out most of it. All I need is your signature at the bottom.(professor) That’s fine. You really do seem prepared. Give me the form, and I’ll sign it. 2.Consultation-the grade reportQ：×收到grade report两周前出了move了？×Take all exam了？√等我在电脑上查查听力材料(student) I have a problem, and I hope you can help.(worker) What’s you problem?(student) I haven’t received my grade report from last quarter, and my friends have already received their grade reports.(worker) Grade reports from last quarter were mailed out two weeks ago. You haven’treceived yours yet?(student) No, I haven’t.(worker) Did you move in last quarter? Has your address changed? Um,…maybe the grade report went to the wrong address.(student) No I’m still in the same place. I haven’t moved. The address should be accurate.(worker) And did you take all of your final exams? If you missed an exam, then you grade report would be held up.(student) No I took all my exams…(worker) Then, uh, you should’ve received your grade report by now. Give me a moment, please, and I’ll look your grade report up in the computer system and see if I can figure out what the problem is.(student) Thanks very much for your help.九、Lecture笔记注意事项⏹听懂主旨、态度、结构即可作对大多数题目⏹顺序性原则---笔记结构清晰⏹出题点集中于主题，分论点，问答，观点和解释（原因）⏹经典段落结构不要听写要总结常见lecture结构：并列式1.Discussion-lakes地理课各种lake---怎么form的Lake Superior（LS）& Caspian Sea（CS）& Lake Baikal（LB）CS：ocean----cut offLS：glaciersLB：earth’s crust broke apart各种lake---怎么form的听力材料(woman 1) OK. Let’s see where we are on this project for geography class. Ourpresentation’s in two days, and I hope we’re almost ready.(man) I hope so, too. We are each going to look up information about a different lake-with an emphasis on how each lake formed-and we’ll each present information on the lake to the , to the class. My job was to look up information on Lake Superior, and I’ve done that.(woman 2) I’ve done my research on the Caspian Sea.(woman 1) And I’m already with information about Lake Baikal.(woman 2) Great. I’ll go first. I’ll be discussing the Caspian Sea, which is the largest inland body of water in the world. The Caspian Sea is a saltwater lake between Europe and Asia. It is believed that this lake was originally connected to the world’s ocean, which would account for its saltwater content. As the Earth’s plates moved, this arm of the ocean was cut off.(man) Well, here’s what I found on Lake Superior. Lake Superior is, of course, one ofthe Great Lakes in North America, and it’s the largest freshwater lake in the world. Along with the other Great Lakes, it was formed by glaciers. Glaciers, covered the northern part of North America until 10000years ago and were responsible for carving the Great Lakes,including Lake Superior.(woman 1) OK, now for Lake Baikal, which is the lake I’ll be discussing. Lake Baikal’s in Russia, and it was formed when the earth’s crust broke apart at a fault. Because Lake Baikal formed over a split in the Earth’s crust, it’s a very deep lake, the deepest lake in theworld. Lake Baikal’s so deep that, even though its surface area is much smaller than the surface area of Lake Superior, it could hold the water of all the Great Lakes combined.(man) Well, it looks like we’ve all found information about each of these lakes, and, in particular, how they were formed. Now we need to talk about how we can present theinformation to the rest of the class.常见lecture结构：递进式2.Consultation- an anthropology paper人类学discuss选topic什么topic？eyesight test that the Roman military used看见A星，做archer；看不见A星，做foot solider跟人类学的relationship？“survival of the fittest”为什么？原因？Archer生存几率高，因为在后方就这么写吧！听力材料(student) 1. Thanks for seeing me, Dr. Barton.(professor) No problem. It’s my office hour… What did you want to talk about?(student) I wanted to discuss the topic I’ve chosen for the paper I’m supposed to be writing for you anthropology course. The topic I’m thinking about is a bit unusual.(professor) Oh you know, it has to be related to some aspect of anthropology that we’re studying… What topic did you have in mind?(student) I wanted to write about a test used by the Roman military to test soldiers’ eyesight. (pro fessor) Hmmm… an eyesight test used by the Roman military? Are you sure this is related to our anthropology class?... Well, tell me about it… What is the eyesight test that the Roman military used?(student) Well, it was a test that the Romans used to determine if their soldiers would fight as foot soldiers on the front lines or as archers behind the front lines. Roman soldiers were required to undergo certain tests to determine their ability to perform as soldiers. One of these tests was simply to count the stars in the constellation, the Big Dipper. This test determined the acuity of their vision. See. Look at this picture of the Big Dipper. You can see the seven stars in the BigDipper. The star at the bend of the handle of the Big Dipper is called Mizar, and Mizar is a binary star. If you look closely, there’s a second star called Alcor next to Mizar. If a Roman soldier’s eyesight was good enough to see Alcor, he could fight as an archer. If he couldn’t see Alcor, he had to fight on the front lines as a foot soldier.(professor) So this eye test was based on the ability of the soldier to see Alcor next to Mizar. (student) Yes, exactly.(professor) Well, that’s a very interesting test, but I’m sure it’s related to the material in our anthropology class. Well, let’s put it away… how would you related this to the material in the anthropology course?(student) I’d related it to the idea of “survival of the fittest.”(professor) Um… interesting… and how would you related it to this concept? Survival of the fittest has to do with the idea that those who’s strongest or have some other physical or material advantage will be more likely to survival.(student) Well, this test for eyesight was used not only by Romans but also other groups of people for hundreds of years. The interesting point is that over time more people have been able to pass the test, and the fact that more people have been able to pass the test over time has been attributed to survival of the fittest. It was certainly true for Roman soldiers that those who passed the test had a better chance of surviving longer.(professor) And why was that? Why did Roman soldiers who passed the test stand a better chance of surviving longer?(student) Well, soldiers with better eyesight weren’t on the front line s. Those with bad eyesight were sent to the front lines and, more often than not, were killed on the front lines. Archers stood a better chance of survival and were around to father children, who would also tend to have better eyesight than those who failed the test. This is what supports the concept of survival of the fittest.(professor) 3. Umm. That’s an interesting idea. As long as you concentrate on the idea of survival of the fittest in your paper and use this example of an eye test to support the concept, I think you would have a solid paper.(student) That’s what I’ll do then. Thanks, Dr. Barton.•笔记：•笔记的目的：记录信息，防止遗忘•笔记的作用：帮助回忆文章，结合题目定位出题点•笔记的要素：主旨，结构（分论点），情感•笔记（听力）的提升：听懂句子---听懂文章---学会“读题”---掌握文章结构---针对文章要点进行笔记一级要点：分论点，段意二级要点：解释性，补充性内容。
托福听力举例细节题高频出题点及解法示例
托福听力举例细节题高频出题点及解法示例为了帮助大家备考托福听力，下面小编给大家带来托福听力举例细节题高频出题点及解法示例，希望对大家有所帮助！托福听力举例细节题高频出题点及解法示例托福听力中细节标题杂乱，转机、比照、问答、强调、解说等等，全部听力过程中都需求高度警戒，以防掉入ETS挖的圈套中去。
本文就且会集讨论一下细节题中多见的一类：举例细节题。
首先来认识一下举例细节题。
举例细节题即是用比方阐明概念，很多时分ETS会调查所举比方和说话人的观点间的逻辑关系。
所以咱们常常看见的举例细节题是这么的：Why does the professor mention/say/talk about/discuss…?或少量时分，它们也能够跟重听联络：Why does the speaker say this?无论是那种方式的调查，要想做好举例细节题，就要听好比方，以及上下文逻辑，这就需求咱们在听听力的时分要有满足的预判才能：哪里有也许呈现这么的标题。
那咱们就一层一层剥开举例细节题的高频命题点：第一层是对比显着的举例表达，比方：for example, for instance, take … for example, take…, like… 等。
只需说话者说要举例，就必定留意比方有些，以及比方和上下文的关系。
比方TPO 15 L1第10题：Why does the professor mention a high way?A. To compare two experiments designed to study distraction.B. To give an example of when area V5 might be activated.C. To describe a limitation in the brain’s processing capacity.D. To make a point about the effect of distractions on driving.原文中，教授是这么说的：Lavie thinks the solution lies in the brain’ s ability to acce pt or ignore visual information. She thinks its capacity is limited. It’ s like a highway. When there are toomany cars, traffic is stopped. No one can get on. So when the brain is loaded to capacity, no new distractions can be perceived .笔记顺着教授讲的思路记下来的话，Lavie的主意是capacity is limited，然后用like类推，limited capacity就和highway建立了联络，而标题也恰是调查这种联络，所以倒着推到like的前一句即是举例的逻辑答案。
[托福听力细节题主旨题特点问法讲解]托福听力怎么做
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[托福听力细节题主旨题特点问法讲解]托福听力怎么做托福听力常见题型解读细节题主旨题特点问法讲解托福听力中的细节是指具体的信息，例如说话人提及的事实、描述、定义和例子等。
细节题特点：细节题要求考生重现对话或讲座中的具体信息，不需要做过多的推测典型提问模式：Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?Whathelpdidtheyoungmanreceive?Clickontwoanswers。
Selectthediagramthatrepresents????Accordingtotheinstructor,whatcharacteristicshould?....have?Howdidtheprofessorintroduce??..?Accordingtothespeaker,whatdoes???mean?Accordingtotheprofessor,whyisAsuperiortoB?托福听力主旨题细节题特点提问方式介绍IBT听力主旨题考查把握谈话或演讲的主要内容的能力。
对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能进一步去理解细节，做推断。
主旨题特点：通常是对一个谈话或演讲的主要内容的综合概括。
在一段长演讲中，通常会有两个或以上的主要表述内容，但这些内容往往是相互关联的，它们互相补充构成一个完整的主题。
典型提问形式：托福听力主旨题的问题常常以特殊疑问词开头，例如：Whatisthesubjectoftheconversation? Whydidthemangotoseetheprofessor? Whatarethemanandthewomandiscussing? Whatisthewoman’sproblem? Whatisthelecturemainlyabout? Whatistheprofessormainlydiscussing? Whataspectof??doestheinstructormainlydiscuss?新托福必备听力习语200条1.abigshot=animportantperson大腕儿，大亨2.abreathoffreshair使人耳目一新的人3.Achilles’heel致命弱点;个性的瑕疵4.beallears洗耳恭听5.bealleyes目不转睛6.awetblanket讨人嫌的人7.chipin=contributemoney 捐献，集资8.selllikehotcakes=sellverywellorveryquickly畅销9.getbutterfliesinone’sstomach=getnervous紧张不安10.twothumbsup举双手赞成11.betheappleofone’seye=beveryprecioustosb.非常珍贵12.pullone’sleg=teasesomeone开某人玩笑13.breakone’sback辛勤工作15.goforasong=besoldverycheaply贱卖16.bucketdown=rainveryheavily瓢泼大雨17.backroomboys幕后英雄18.belowthemark=notmeasureup不够水平，不合格20.breakeven不赔不赚21.bythebook照章办事22.castacloudover泼冷水，是蒙上阴影23.castlesinthesky/air空中楼阁24.asclearasabell非常清楚25.cleartheair消除误会27.shedcrocodiletears假装哭泣，假慈悲28.cutcorners走捷径29.do’sanddon’ts行为规范30.facethemusic面对现实31.fairandsquare正大光明的32.firstthingsfirst先说重要的33.forgiveandforget尽释前嫌;握手言和34.gettheballrolling使蓬勃发展35.aknockout引人注目36.amanoffewwords沉默寡言的人37.arainyday不如意的日子38.allthumbs笨手笨脚的;一窍不通的39.antsinone'spants(skirt)坐立不安40.asmodassb.与某人一样时髦41.atone'sfinger'stips了如指掌42.atsixesandsevens混乱的43.backseatdriver指手划脚的人44.biteone'sheadoff大发脾气45.blacksheep不孝子女46.blowone'stop怒发冲冠47.breakone'sneck痛打一顿;拼命做某事48.breaktheice打破僵局;打破沉默49.bringdownthehouse掌声雷动50.burnaholeinone'spocket花钱如流水51.buyyourstory相信你的话52.callitaday今天到此为止53.Capitalidea好主意54.coldfish冷酷无情的人55.darkhorse黑马;冷门56.daylightrobbery价钱贵到离谱57.dearJonesletter绝交信58.dirtydog卑鄙小人59.eatone'swords承认错误60.everyTom,DickandHarry张三李四61.flattire没精打采62.fromAtoZ从头到尾63.goonthehorse快一点吧64.Godknows天晓得65.gonewiththewind随风而逝66.goodfornothing毫无用处的67.Greatmindsthinkalike!英雄所见略同。
托福听力技巧分析PPT课件
TPO 15 Lecture 1 psychology
6. What is the lecture mainly about? A. Methods people used to eliminate
distractions. (irrelevant) B. The area of the brain responsible for
cafeteria (irrelevant)
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DETAIL QUESTION 细节题
什么是细节题？(what?) require the listener to understand and remember
explicit details or facts that are important as an explanation or an example of the main idea. These details are typically related, directly or indirectly, to the gist of the text, by providing elaboration, examples or other support.
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Conversation 场景分类
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Lecture 具体分类
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新托福考试题型
IBT listening comprehension
Basic comprehension
Pragmatic understanding
Connecting information
Gist question Detail question Purpose question Attitude question Organization question Inference question
托福听力易考点及题型解析(1)
托福听力易考点及题型解析托福听力中有很多考生比较容易出现的问题，走神、注意力不集中，找不到感觉等等，托福听力考实战，下面小编就针对新托福听力考试中的不同题型，一一讲解做题技巧，供考生参考。
为大家上考场前做足准备以便以最佳的精神状态应战。
新托福听力六种题型易考点及其技巧点睛：所谓最大的技巧就是“反命题”不仅是在刚开始接触IBT 听力时，ETS 的出题思路和考核要点贯彻始终。
1、主旨题! 在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时，主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项;2、功能/目的题3、细节题(basic comprehension，除此之外ETS (pragmatic understanding(connecting information。
而基本信息的理解就占到50%对于细节题，大家不要走入误区，觉得所有的细节100%会考到，所以去关注每一个小的细节点，以至于舍本逐末，只见树木，不见森林。
对于细节题，大家要把握两个原则：第一、ETS 只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。
过于偏细节的实在没有听到，大可不必惋惜，影响后面的发挥; 第二，牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。
比如说表示因果的accordingly, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。
而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者对比、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。
4、态度/ 推断对话中的态度题要注意通过语气、语调、重读来推测; 而由于演讲中的内容相对学术和客观，所以演讲中的态度题要注意通过形容词和副词的褒贬色彩来确定说话者的主观意图。
推断题把握一条原则：正确选项往往不是文章中的直接表述，可能通过同意互换的方式来设置陷阱，迷惑考生。
5、组织结构题 / 分类信息题6、内容连接题 / 排序题要求，但是它同样也是基于对文章主旨把握的基础之上的。
大家在最后一周一定要强化熟练自己记笔记的能力。
; 当然也不要走极端不记笔记，因为4~6关于笔记大家把握三个原则：一、(前面细节题已做介绍; 二、但; 三、排序题的笔记注意表明步骤和逻辑顺序信号词后的内容。
托福听力Lecture细节定义题技巧详解
托福听力Lecture细节定义题技巧详解对于托福考试来说，最为关注的还是考生对于词汇的掌握能力，而并不会一味用一些生词和难词来难倒考生。
但是，想要理解出词汇的意义，我们就要在一些关键词中花上心思。
那么，下面我们就以托福听力中细节定义题为例，详细为大家分析一下吧。
【点击查看】托福听力评分标准1. 直接解释听段子时，如若听到生词，不要慌张，仔细留意那些出现在生词前后的"本身含义上带有解释性质的词或结构"，通常能有所线索。
比如："…, which is / that is…(那就是说……)"显然，"which is / that is…"引导的定语从句是ETS为防止我们考生听不懂前面的内容(生僻的词或概念)，而特意添加上去，用来进一步加以解释的。
只要把握住了此类解释，也就能更好的理解全文的主题，同时迅速锁定定义所在。
类似的结构还有：What I mean is…All that means is…… is another name for…In other words等2. 列举解释听段子时，还要特别注意生词后那些"带有举例或列举性质的词或结构"。
比如："for example…(例如……)"因为例子总比道理简单易懂得多。
ETS清楚地知道：考生明白了后面的举例，自然也就理解了前面的概念，然后再考前面的概念也就顺理成章了。
然而需要注意的是，不是所有的解释都是在生词后出现，部分解释作为铺垫提前出现，而后以"生词"的形式给予概括或定义。
类似的结构还有：For i nstance…Such as…Namely…As an exampleTake example for等3. 细节定义题常见提问方式According to the woman, what is ___?How does the researcher define ___?若碰到此类考题，就可以在笔记中仔细寻找生词前后的线索，成功锁定正确选项了!虽然，考试中可以运用的小技巧有不少，但是真正听懂才能完全做到真金不怕火炼，拿下托福。
托福听力2大重听题型细节介绍
托福听力2大重听题型细节介绍托福听力中常常会有一些题目会给出一小段录音让大家重新听一遍然后回答。
这类题目往往难度较高，需要考生具备肯定的推断力量结合之前听过的完整文章内容才能顺当解答。
下面就和大家共享托福听力常见题型解读，盼望能够关心到大家，来观赏一下吧。
托福听力常见题型解读2大重听题型细节介绍托福听力重听题型之部分目的题讨论分析发觉，目的题有两种：一种是与主旨相关的，例如what is the purpose of the talk?这种形式已经在主旨题中有所列举;另外，有些目的题只与部分对话或讲座的内容相关此，类题目主要考察考生对语言沟通的实际把握力量，听出讲话者所呈现的目的。
部分目的题特点：这类目的题的问题通常问的是某个短语或句子的作用有些题目需要考生再听一次部分对话或讲座的内容说话人通常不会直接说出自己的目的，而是用间接的表达典型提问模式：Why does the student say this?Why does the student say ?Why does the student mention ?Why does the professor talk about?Why does the instructor ask the class about ?托福听力重听题型之态度题考生需要推断出说话人对争论过的人或事的看法或感觉，主要考察考生对语言沟通的实际把握力量，听出讲话者所呈现的态度。
态度题特点：有些题目需要考生再听一次部分对话或讲座的内容正确答案往往不是文中的直接表述说话人的态度通常是影响深刻、兴奋、感爱好、惊异、焦虑等典型提问模式：Select the sentence that best expresses how the student probably feels?What is the student’s attitude toward ?What is the speaker’s opinion of ?What does the professor think of ?What is the professor’s point of view concerning ?托福听力每日一练lecture原文演讲听写训练1At the beginning of the century the railroads were used to haul everything. Powerful railroad barons made fortunes without having to be accountable to the public or considerable to the customers. But cars and trucks changed all of that. And by 1970, the rail industry was beset with problems. Trucks were taking all the new business. And even so the rail industry remained indifferent to customers. Also many regulations kept the rail industry from adjusting to shifting market. But in 1980, the rail industry entered the modern era when a deregulation bill was passed that allowed railroad companies to make quick adjustments to fees and practices. Companies reduced their lines by 1/3 and used fewer employees. They also took steps to minimize damage to product. And to increase their shipping capacity by stacking freight containers on railroad cars. To accommodate these taller loads, underpasses and tunnels wereenlarged. The image of the rail industry has changed dramatically. Today companies are very responsive to customers and are gaining increasing market shares in the shipping industry. The railroad safety record is also strong. Freight trains have an accident rate that is only 1/3 that of the trucking industry. Trains also come out ahead of the trucks on environmental grounds because they give off only 1/10 to 1/3 the pollution that is emitted by trucks. And railroading does not wear out highways as trucks do.演讲听写训练2This coffee can contains soil from my garden. And I prepared slide samples to show you that it is alive. This ordinary backyard dirt is crawling with microbes. Microbes is not a very specific term. There are hundreds of thousands of different species called microbes. What they have in common is that we cant see them with a naked eye. They are microscopic. Look at this slide. You should see some round cells. Those are yeasts . Yeasts are fermenters. And they are necessary for making bread, beer, yogurt and so forth. Now look for an irregular shape with hairs coming out of it. Thats a mold. Molds are decomposers, and they are responsible for the decomposition mycoplastlees. You should also see some protozoa. Some protozoa, like the one causes malaria are harmful to people. A microbic that causes disease is called a pathogen. Finally you should see a lot of squiggly lines. They are bacteria. The oldest form of life on earth. Like these other microbes, bacteria are single-cells. But they are even simpler structurally because their cells do not have nuclear. So Ive got about a teaspoon of soil in my hand here. In that teaspoon are about ten thousand protozoa, 200 thousand mold cells, a million yeasts, and probably a billion bacteria. 演讲听写训练3Ten years ago the eccentric cyclist peddling furiously through the first snowstorm of the year was a rare sight often captured on film for the evening news? Today however it is estimated that four to five percent of cyclists bicycle year round. The increased popularity of winter cycling can be attributed to the creation of mountain bike and its subsequent imitations. Outfitted with parts more sturdy than those of yesterday, equipped with their more stable bicycles, nothing seems to stop the new breed of winter cyclist. With streets dry and clear on most winter days, many winter cyclists wear running shoes and protect themselves from cold by wearing down-hill-skiing clothes. On wet days cyclists can wear special water-proof boots over their shoes. But for all of its popularity, there is a down side to winter cycling. Even mountain bikes cant withstand winter snow and rain without extensive upkeep. But one bicycle store owner is in the final stages of developing a year-round bicycle with an innovated complete chain cover. With bicycle chains covered, cyclists would need to clean and oil their chains only once every six months instead of once a week. Despite her invention, however, she still advises cyclists to take a taxi or bus when it snowing heavily. Not because the conditions are too arduous for bicycles but because she believes bikers cant have confidence in the people who drive cars on days of reduced visibility.托福听力每日一练lecture原文演讲听写训练1In the early 1800s, the paper industry was still using rags as its basic source of fiber as it had for many centuries. However the rag supply couldnt keep up with the growing demand for paper. The United States alone was using 250 thousand tons of rags each year. And a quarter of that had to be imported. It was clear that a new source of fiber was needed to keep up with the demand for paper. The answer to this problem turned out to be paper made from wood pulp, something that was abundantly available in north America. In Canada, the first wood pulp mill was set up in1866 and it was immediately successful. But while wood pulp solved the problem of quantity it created a problem of quality. Wood contains a substance called lignin. The simplest way to make large quantities of cheap paper involves leaving the lignin in the wood pulp. But lignin is acidic and its presence in paper has shorten the life expectancy of paper from several centuries for rag paper to less than a century for paper made from wood pulp. This means that books printed less than a hundred years ago are already turning yellow and beginning to disintegrate, even though books printed much earlier maybe in fine condition. This is bad enough for the older books on your bookshelf but it poses a huge problem for libraries and the collections of government documents.演讲听写训练2A recent report has shown that here in the United States, weve experienced an evolution concerning our attitudes towards the workweek and the weekend. Although some calendars still mark the beginning of a week as Sunday, more and more of us are coming to regard Monday as the first day of the week with Saturday and Sunday comprising the two-day period thought as the week-end. In fact the word “weekend” didnt even exist in English until about the middle of last century. In England at that time, Saturday afternoons had just been added to Sundays and holidays as a time for workers to have off from their jobs. This innovation became common in the United States in the 1920s, but as the workweek shortened during the Great Depression of the 1930s, the weekend expanded to two full days--Saturday and Sunday. Some people thought that this trend would continue due to increasing automation and the workweek might decrease to four days or even fewer. But so far this hasnt happened. The workweek seems to have stabilized as forty hours made up of five eight-hour days. After this commercial Ill be back to talk about the idea of adding Monday to the weekend.演讲听写训练3I dont think I have told you about my trip to Tanglewoods music festival. When I was in college, I won a music competition and the prize was a week at Tanglewood. Anyway it is one of the worlds most famous music festivals and the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. It is located in the beautiful Berkshire Hills in New England. The summer musical season consists of about fifty concerts given over about nine weeks: from July 1st through the first week in September. The biggest stars on the music scene appear here. The year I went I was lucky enough to see Leonard Bernstein conducting. I understand it is sometimes hard to get tickets but of course mine were a part of the prize. If you want to sit inside the tickets are expensive. Its much cheaper to sit outside on the lawn. But itmight rain, or some nights are really cool even in the summer. Either way the sound system is excellent. So it doesnt really matter where you sit. I seem to recall that the festival got started in the 1930s. Some Berkshire residents invited a symphony orchestra to perform a few outdoor concerts. The concerts were so successful that after a couple of years somebody donated a family estate as a permanent home. After that things really took off. And the festival has gotten bigger and better every year. Attending was such a wonderful experience. Id love to be able to go again. And I hope that all of you would be able to go too.托福听力2大重听题型细节介绍。
托福听力细节题主旨题特点问法讲解
托福听力细节题主旨题特点问法讲解托福听力中的细节题和主旨题可以说是几乎每场考场每篇听力内容都会出的题型，因此了解这两种题型的特点和提问方式是考生在备考中必须做好的基本功。
下面就和大家分享托福听力常见题型解读，希望能够帮助到大家，来欣赏一下吧。
托福听力常见题型解读细节题主旨题特点问法讲解托福听力细节题特点提问方式介绍托福听力中的细节是指具体的信息，例如说话人提及的事实、描述、定义和例子等。
细节题特点：细节题要求考生重现对话或讲座中的具体信息，不需要做过多的推测基于ETS考察内容是和主旨有关的重要细节。
我们在听的过程中需要把握的往往是和考点相联系的重要信号词，比如说表示因果的so, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果关系典型提问模式：What does the woman suggest the man do?What help did the young man receive? Click on two answers。
Select the diagram that represents ????According to the instructor, what characteristic should ?.... have?How did the professor introduce ??.. ?According to the speaker, what does ??? mean?According to the prof essor, why is A superior to B?托福听力主旨题细节题特点提问方式介绍IBT听力主旨题考查把握谈话或演讲的主要内容的能力。
对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是*的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能进一步去理解细节，做推断。
主旨题特点：通常是对一个谈话或演讲的主要内容的综合概括。
在一段长演讲中，通常会有两个或以上的主要表述内容，但这些内容往往是相互关联的，它们互相补充构成一个完整的主题。
托福听力5种题型考查要点分析
托福听力5种题型考查要点分析托福听力考试的题型包括主旨题、功能题、细节题等，针对不同的题型有其不同的解题方法，针对托福不同的题型给大家提供了相应的解法，供大家在备考托福听力时参考。
托福听力题型1、主旨题一个段子的主旨往往出现在文章引言和开头处，而重复的最多往往一定是主旨!在听课堂演讲等学术性题目时，一定要首先把握文章最核心的主旨，主旨考题选项中过于细节的往往是错误选项;托福听力题型2、功能/目的题该题型类似于主旨题，对于任何一个长段子，首先务必要把握的是文章的主旨和结构，只有主旨确定了，才有可能去理解细节，做推断。
托福听力题型3、细节题主旨题和细节题主要是考察考生对于根本信息的理解能力(basic comprehension)，除此之外ETS所要考察考生的另外两种能力分别是对于语用信息的理解(pragmatic understanding)和整合信息、对全文结构把握的能力(connecting information)。
而根本信息的理解就占到50%的比重，可见主旨题和细节题的重要性。
对于细节题，大家不要走入误区，觉得所有的细节100%会考到，所以去关注每一个小的细节点，以至于舍本逐末，只见树木，不见森林。
对于细节题，大家要把握两个原那么：第一、ETS只会考察我们和主旨有关的重要细节。
过于偏细节的实在没有听到，大可不必惋惜，影响后面的发挥;第二，牢牢把握住往往和考点向联系的重要信号词。
比方说表示因果的accordingly, thus等词对应于细节题中常考察的因果题。
而常见的和信号词相关的考点有逻辑时间顺序、举例、列举、相似或者比照、转折、强调、因果、总结、定义、建议、数字等。
托福听力题型4、态度/ 推断对话中的态度题要注意通过语气、语调、重读来推测;而由于演讲中的内容相对学术和客观，所以演讲中的态度题要注意通过形容词和副词的褒贬色彩来确定说话者的主观意图。
推断题把握一条原那么：正确选项往往不是文章中的直接表述，可能通过同意互换的方式来设置陷阱，迷惑考生。
托福听力细节题Mandy分析解析
举例
举例的具体内容、例子的作用 关注举例的上下文，说话的人为什么要举这个例子，
要证明什么，表明什么观点、态度，还有例子本身说 了那些内容。
听标志举例的关键词，比如：For example、like、for
instance 、in this case、in another case、take the case of、on this occasion
Noun:
信用；荣誉/功劳；银行存款；
【美】学分;(某门功课的)及格记录[C]
1. 相信
Verb.
Nobody credited his story. 没有人相信他的话。 2. 把...记入贷方 The bank credited 50,000 dollars to us. 那家银行贷了五万元给我们。 3. 把...归于[(+to)] The accident was credited to carelessness on the part of the driver. 这起事故是由于驾车人不小心引起的。 4. 认为...有(某优点,成就等) I credit him with honesty. 我相信他是诚实的。 5. 【美】给(学生)记学分[(+with)]
This is the first step in
After you You are ready to
2.2. C
Questions 4-5
Horn
Side-blown
End-blown Finger holes
Melodic range
Versatility Signal; ritual Orchestra; symphony orchestra
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新托福听力之题目定位
之题型细节分析
朗阁海外考试研究中心
在新托福听力的修炼过程中，很多同学饱受题海战术以及精听听写练习的折磨，往往事倍
功半，迟迟等不来理想的效果。然而，当你知道ETS对于听力的题目怎么设置，正确答案
长什么样子，负面选项是如何设定的，于是，大家便可以超脱题目对我们的局限，而对题
目进行理性的分析来把题目做好。要知道，听力或许是我们的弱项，但是智力绝对是中国
学生的强项！
能够完全听懂一篇文章，100%记住信息内容，并把题目全部做对的同学，当然是高手，
但是能够在听得不是很完美的情况下还能把所有题目全部做对，那不是更牛吗！很好的做
题技巧，加上本身基础的支撑和能力训练，这才是做听力的王道！
一、考试难点深度细节分析
考试架构相信大家都通过看OG（官方指南）非常熟悉了。我们的新托福听力需要听两篇
文章对话，每篇对话对应5道题；四篇专业讲座（模拟美国课堂），每篇lecture对应6
道题，一共34道题目，共30分。得多少分，不取决于听完之后能背出来多少东西，而取
决于题目做对多少个。
1. 文章长。5分钟左右的一段文章听力，一分钟160-180个英文单词的语速，所以一段
听力虽然只对应5-6道题，但是要听800个字！
2. 信息量大。800个字的信息量，这么长的一篇文章需要去筛选对应的5-6题的答题信
息。
3. 题点定位有难度。
二、题型小结
1. 听记题。把听到的东西记下来，选项里直接选择听见的东西，不需要进行任何的加
工。这种题占整个题型的70%左右分值，其中细节题的比例最大。
雅思培训 http://ielts.longre.com 托福培训http://toefl.longre.com
2. 组织结构题。这是另外一种考理解的题目，换句话说，选择的答案并无法根据我们原
本听到的原文去直接做选择，而需要基于我们听到的原文往前做推断，需要分析教授
为什么说这句话，或者举这个例子（又称组织结构题）。
三、题型解析
1. 听记题
段落内容的中心在英文的文章里面通常是在段首的，也就是导入部分。这在听力部分是非
常重要的，也往往是我们听记题、细节题的答案所在，而引导这些答案的信号词（signal
words/ signal expressions）主要是在说一个正经的内容之前都有一个发语词，它清晰
地指导我们每段的起承转合在哪里，包括一些简单的表达，主要是名词，包括：OK、
now、hi、on the other hand等等简单的表达。所以大家只要根据这些词找到每段的起
始，也就是最值钱的那句话。
利用特定字词找到每段的起点，并留住段落核心词，再对应这段话的出题选项把它选出来
就可以了。
2. 组织结构题
每一篇听力文章里头，经常在第三题或者第四题经常问大家，这个教授为什么要讲这个故
事，或者为什么他要举这个例子。对于多数基础不是特别好的同学，连对于这个例子或者
故事是否有出现都是晕的，更不用说去做题目了。这时候我们就要去运用我们的头脑智慧
了。
要知道，每一篇托福听力文章由于篇幅有限，都是单一主题，围绕一个点展开的，所以这
个教授讲什么样的故事，举什么样的例子，都是为我们的主题服务的，而主题恰好就反应
在我们的第一题题目的答案当中，也就是我们上面提到的这个关于段首的听记题。
对于新托福听力中的讲座，由于内容涉及如心理学这种复杂的内容，可能会造成很多考生
的听力障碍，这时候我们就要利用第一题去推测答案，也就是我们所谓的“主题原则”。
每一篇文章围绕一个独立的知识点展开，不管教授举什么样的例子总是服务于一个知识
点。所以要保证第一题主旨题做对。
而主旨题（第一题）怎么保证做对呢，我们的原则是：掐头不去尾，躯干给范围！也就是
说，我们的TPO当中，有一半的听力文章都是开头就告诉大家要讲的内容是什么，另外一
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些没有明确的开门见山，但是教授会在最后总结他的感慨，重新理一遍文章的头绪主题。
而躯干部分告诉大家的是文章覆盖多大的范围。而主旨题问的就是文章到底覆盖了多大的
范围。
四、总结
1. 细节题题点：
关键词解释、定义及实例
段落（首）中心句中心词
问答互动
文章结论、评价
2. 组织结构题题点：
例子
故事
经验
分支概念
3. 正确项：
正向关联全文主题
位置对应段落主题
干扰项：
偏离主题
与事实相反
关联位置有误