HND ICT 商务通讯技术outcome1 2015
hnd_人力组织与管理_outcome1-3_全部答案(课堂PPT)
-- Objectives are more specific than goals
-- Identify the specific path to achieve goals
-- Have to be SMART
• Objectives in case:
-- to finish work on time and within price
12
Section B
6. Motivation for staff depends on more than high salary and working condition
• David used ‘Big Brother’ approach, which means it has complete control over people and is always checking what they do, he liked to run a tight ship
11
Section B
6. Motivation for staff depends on more than high salary and working condition
Explaining one of the following theories: • Maslow’s hierarchy of need • Herzberg’s two factor theory • Alderfer’s ERG theory
satisfy customer’s need
6
Section A
2b. Objectives and policies
• Definition of policy
-- Provide a framework of rules or guidance that manager and staff can make decision
HND商务文化与策略
HND商务文化与策略Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the …tied house? system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the …tied house? system and other retail pub chains like RegentInns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren?t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the …tied house? system, this ruling li mitedthe brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization?s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers? health and it didn?t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer?s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn?t have children?s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as …quiet?. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub?s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs,this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can?t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. Asimple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or …the way we do things here?. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization?s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavi or and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as …unspoken rules? and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that theytake. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we can know Tim Martin is a …big man? in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture?s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a …lifestyle guarantee? which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company?s operation is …invol vement and communication?. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information?s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or …the way we do things here?. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization?s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let itsstaff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn?t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---…cost advantage is the focuses?, the low cost doesn?t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition.2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers?loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company?s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company?s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government?s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century,because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next: Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ?a unique value ? perceived or realEstablishing a key ?differentiator?Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, …movement and communication?, staffs arekeeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon?s …listening? policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key …differentiator?. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon?s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon,like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, the culture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn?t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon?s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
HND项目专业课程设置一览表
HND项目专业课程设置一览表中文名称学分英文名称Busin ess Law: An In troducti on 商法导论 1Bus in ess Con tractual商务契约关系 1 Relati on shipsBus in ess Acco un ti ng 商务会计 2Economic Issues: Anintroduction 经济学导论 1Man agi ng People and人力和组织管理 2 Orga ni sati onsCommuni cati on: An alys ing andPrese nting Complex 商务沟通技巧 1Communi cati onIntern ati onal Market ing: An国际营销导论 1 in troducti onIn ternati on al Market ing: The Mix 国际市场组合 1in formati on and Communi cati on商务信息与通讯技术 2 Tech no logy in Bus in essBus in ess Culture and Strategy 商务文化与策略 2Global Trade and Bus in ess:记分单元1 1 Graded Unit 11Econo mics 1: Micro and Macro经济学I :微观与宏观理论及其应用 经济学U :世界经济 1 财政预算 1 国际惯例 1 出口援助资源 1 出口 2 财务报表分析 2 国际物流2 国际商业组织2Theory and Applicati onEcono mics 2: The World Economy Prepari ng Finan cial Forecasts Intern ati onal In stituti ons Sources of Export Assista nee Export ingFinancial Reporting and Analysis Intern ati onal LogisticsGlobal Bus in ess Orga ni sati onsGlobal Trade and Bus in ess:记分单元2 2Graded un it 21国际理财Finan cial Services课程设置英文名称Busin ess Acco untingBusin ess Law: An In troducti onCommuni cati on: An alys ing andPrese nting Complex Communi cati onCreati ng a Culture of CustomerCareEcono mic Issues: AnIn troducti onFinan cial Sector: AnIn troducti onIn formati on Tech no logy: Applicati ons Software 1 Man agi ng People and Orga ni sati onsMarket ing: An In troducti on中文名称学分商务会计 2 商法导论 1商务沟通技巧 1 客户服务文化构建 1 经济学导论 1 金融业导论 1信息技术应用软件1 I人力和组织管理 2 市场学导论1Personal Finan cial Services 个人理财服务保险原理 1记分单元1 1经济学U :世界经1济国际贸易融资2 金融服务业规范 1所得税1信息技术应用软件1n投资学 2 养老金规划 2 个人和商业信贷 2 财政预算1记分单元2 1记分单元31Prin ciples of In sura nee Finan cial Services: Group AwardGraded Unit 1Econo mics 2: The World EconomyFinancing Intern ati onal Trade Finan cial Services Regulatory Framework In come TaxIn formati on Tech no logy: Applicati ons Software 2 In vestme nt Pension Provisi onPersonal and Commercial Lending Prepari ng Finan cial Forecasts Finan cial Services: Group Award Graded Unit 2Finan cial Services: Group AwardGraded Un it 3。
HND商务文化与策略
Assessment task 1Outcome coveredAll outcomes (1-5)Section 1:(a).The PESTEL analysis heading are a framework in which environmental influence are categorized into six main types: political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, environmental and legal.1.P: political forces, as the political arena has a huge influence upon the regulationof business and the spending of consumers and other businesses. The political is including government stability, taxation policy, social welfare policies and the trade regulations.In our case of J D Wetherspoon plc, the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. And the government pays attention for the disadvantage.2. E: economic forces, as the state of a trading economy in the short-term andlong-term influence the wealth of a population. The economic is including interest rates, inflation, and disposable income and product seasonality and so on.About the J D Wetherspoon plc, in the start of twenty first century, J D Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. The retail licensing marking had adapted to the changes in the ‘tied house’ system and other retail pub chains like Regent Inns and Punch Taverns had been developing their businesses. And the supermarket began selling drinks also have influence on the company.3.S: socio-cultural forces. Such as religion and demographics impact upon productdesign and spending by consumers. It includes lifestyle trends, education level, population demographics and social responsbilityIn the case, people more and more carefully to take attention on their health, so they began to reduce the wine drinking. Then J D Wetherspon plc develops a kind of low ethanol wine.4.T: technological forces, such as information technology influences productionmethods, and transportation influences market penetration and product costs. It will include speed of introduction of new technologies, innovations/developments and consumer buying options and so on.In the case, with the technological develop; the beer can be bottled and selling in the market. Because of this, people aren’t need to drink beer only in the pubs. This can decrease the sell share of the J D Wetherspoon.5.L: legal forces, such as product safety influences design, and trading practicesinfluence how businesses conduct themselves in the market. It may include likeemployment law, healthy and safety, company law and consumer protection and so on.In the case, the government issued policies to limit the wine drinking, and the Monopolies and Mergers Commission take a ruling about broken the ‘tied house’ system, this ruling limited the brewer selling the beer and brewing the beer at same time. All of this legal force could have influence on J D Wetherspoon.(b).The analysis of the organization’s internal and external strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. SWOT is an acronym for strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. The SWOT analysis is a very popular tool with managersmanagers began as bar staff or cleaners. The company provide lifelong training and adopt he staff suggestion, and communicate with them, J D Wetherspoon provide quiet environment and the service are always satisfied the consumer demand, all of these can protect the company develop well.W: the food in pubs of J D Wetherspoon, it supports complimentary crisps with baguettes, this kind is bad for customers’ health and it didn’t distinguish the hot degree, this might cause customer’s discontented for the J D Wetherspoon. It also doesn’t have children’s meals. This will let the customers of adult unconvenient, and it may because the children are hurt. All of these can loss the customers.O:J D Wetherspoon is managing he pub style as ‘quiet’. But now, it acquired the Lloyds pub chain, J D Wetherspoon develop it as another style. This kind of pub’s music dazed outlets with a much stronger entertainment element and show TV programs, this can attract much more customers. The company also begun developing budget hotel, this can develop another market and increase the profit of J D Wetherspoon.T: J D Wetherspoon faced many computers, like Regent Inns, Punch Taverns and the supermarket. They will strive the share of market and the customer. The government policy also influences it. Like the limit of brewing and drink beer in the century of the city, this also can decrease the share of J D Wetherspoon. (c).Through a SWOT analysis an organization can assess its current position and makecomparisons with competitors in order to plan activities and resources appropriately. It is the first stage of planning and helps managers to focus on key issues. It is important remember when carrying out a SWOT analysis that it is not absolute. Simple rules for successful SWOT analysis like next:Be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses of the organization.Analysis should distinguish between where your organization is today, and where be in the future.Be specific. Avoid grey areas.Always analysis in relation to the competition.Keep your SWOT short and simple. Avoid complexity and over-analysis. SWOT analysis is a kind of subjective and short term in its nature, so it can’t use to analysis long-term situation.For example, when you analysis the opportunities, you can think about: where are the good opportunities available to our organization？Section 2:(a).1. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. It acts as the social glue which holds the organization together. Research shows that the culture of an organization can significantly affect the way in which the company operates, particularly in terms of its effectiveness. Shared values become embodied in the organization’s ideology or philosophy and act as a quite to behavi or and ways of dealing with anxiety.In J D Wetherspoon pubs, it says that people are its best asset. The company is satisfied the staff, so this is its organizational culture. It has a flexible training policy which enables people from all kinds of different backgrounds to join the company. It is committed to lifelong training and it provides staff with opportunities to gain relevant qualifications such as those offered by the British Institute of Innkeeping, 20% of senior managers began as bar staff or cleaners.2. Basic assumptions at a very fundamental, almost subconscious, level tell employees how to perceive, think and feel about things. These are the elements of culture are unseen and not openly identified in the day-to-day interactions of the members of the organization. Culture elements at this level exist as ‘unspoken rules’ and are rarely discussed within the organization. They direct the way events and actions are perceived and interpreted by the organization.In the case, J D Wetherspoon create a quarter of the space in each establishment is non-smoking.(b).A kind of recognized model of organizational culture is Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy. It is based on how quickly organizations receive or strategies and the level of risk that they take. Deal and Kennedy stated that these two factors gave rise to four generic types of cultures, which they called tough guy/macho culture, work hard/play hard culture, bet-the-company culture and process culture. Through the case, we canknow Tim Martin is a ‘big man’ in his company; he manages the company with his mind and idea, it company is include by the food industry, all the staff work hard every day, and then they will have a holiday for several days. So J D Wetherspoon is suit the tough work hard/pay hard culture.The work hard/pay hard culture’s core value is keeping good customer service. In the case, the company has a ‘lifestyle guarantee’ which aims to give managers time for a life outside work. Another key aspect of the company’s operation is ‘invol vement and communication’. Staffs are kept in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of Board meetings. The company always pays highly attention to the staff and the customers, and the information’s high-speed recreation, and the company also does these suggestions quickly.(c).Culture is something every organization has, but it is not a concrete entity. The culture of an organization impacts upon how that organization reacts to change and it also explains what an organizations stands for. Organizational culture is difficult to define precisely. A simple description is that it is a system of shared meaning between members of an organization or ‘the way we do things here’. The founders of the organization have t raditionally had a major impact on the organization’s early culture. Through the culture and the behaviors, in the company, the company built the pubs environment very quiet and let its staff work hard in several days and have a holiday in several days.So, a kind of culture will have a kind of behavior.(d).The other type of Terrence Deal and Allan Kennedy of recognized model of organizational culture is process culture; it is focus on details and process excellence. However, the stress may come from internal politics and stupidity of the system. This kind of culture has slow feedback/reward and low risk. As a food industry, it pays attention on the result about the customers satisfied. So it isn’t paying much attention on the details and process. If the company becomes the process culture, it will bog down with how things are done and not with what is to be achieved.Section 3:(a)In the Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), there are three strategies: cost leadership, differentiation and segmentation, niche or focus strategy.1.Cost leadership is a low cost leader---gain competitive advantage from being ableto produce at the lowest cost---‘cost advantage is the focuses’, the low cost doesn’t mean low price---gain the benefits. It in a broad market scope environment where it has a kind of substitute products and power competition. 2.Differentiation is differentiated goods and services satisfy the needs of customers,and the companies can de-sensitize prices and focuses on value-higher price and a better margin. So it needs to incur additional costs in creating its competitive advantage. It in a broad market scope environment is in that the customers’loyalty can help the company limited and reduce new entrants and competitors. 3.The segmentation, niche or focus strategy is included cost focus and focusdifferentiation.The cost focus is a form aims at being the lows cost producer in that niche or segment, it in a narrow market scope environment like low cost than thedifferentiation in a niche.The focus differentiation is a firm creates competitive advantage through differentiation within the niche or segment. Its potential problems are small,specialist niches could disappear in the long term. Its associated environmentis in the narrow market scope, you can use a special product from the majordeveloped market competitors who have different purposes.(b)In the case, during the1980s and 1990S the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. And it is developing a style that is quiet, healthy and satisfied environment. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. This style is more different with others.In our case, all of these we have said, during the 1980s and 1990s, J D Wetherspoon is a pub chain, it has many pubs, the company’s aim is to manage the pub to satisfied with the customer, and it is always make its strategy in the pub chain, its all of actions like provide cheap beer and non-smoking area and so on, which are all of set the main point to its pub manage style.So I advise that the company’s situation is suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.From the strategy, J D Wetherspoon gets more benefits; here I only identify four about it: the company builds its own style and brand, it has its own customer group, the expansion about share and scope is growing quickly, and the benefits are more than before.(c)During the 21st century, J D Weterspoon was facing much mire competition, and through the government’s policy limited, its develop was decrease and slowly, then it begain to change its style and acquired others, it serve breakfast and open earlier in the morning, support the family dining area, show televised football and so on. The company also began to manage other area like the hotel.So it suit Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), segmentation, niche or focus strategy.During the1980s and 1990s, the company relied on organic growth by acquiring suitable sites and converting them into J D Wetherspoon pubs. In the case, we can see that it build non-smoking and provide health food to the customers. To its staff, the company thinks that people are its best asset. It is Generic-Strategies---Michael Porter (1990), differentiation.During the 21st century, it also pays attention to the staff, but it try to change its style, manage motel, and the food what has provided.(d)when a company was changing business strategy, it must be considering the factors, so as J D Wetherspoon .Exterior environment: by the start of the twenty first century, because of the retail licensing market had adapt to the changes in the “tied house”system and other competitor had been adapted it and developing their business. So JD Wetherspoon was facing much more competition. Many other competitorsrun the pub and receive the pay rent, this situation lead to saturation of the pub market. So J D Wetherspoon needs to change its business strategy.Policy: during 2002-2004, government allows the supermarket began selling drinks, particularly premium larger, at loss-leader prices. This means that the pub can not compare with supermarket in price. On the other hand, government concern about binge drinking and the consequent ant special behaviors, particularly in city centers. This lead the decrease of new pub number and shares of J D Wetherspoon. They must to change to save their company.(e)(f)Key issues in the management of a business strategy like next:Market/industry knowledgeSufficiency of resources and capabilitiesOffering consumers ’a unique value ’ perceived or realEstablishing a key ’differentiator’Consistent communication consistentlyManagement must keep change feasibleStructureRecognize the principal causes of strategic change.About the J D Wetherspoon, I will talk about two points:Consistent communication consistently. In the J D Wetherspoon, ‘movement and communication’, staffs are keeping in touch with weekly newsletters, a monthly company video and by publicizing the minutes of broad meeting.And J D Wetherspoon attend to listen to the staff voice, like their suggestions wetherspoon’s ‘listening’ policy is based on a system successfully pioneered by the hi-foreteller, richer sounds.Establishing a key ‘differentiator’. During the development and growth of the company, the company provide real ale beers at relatively low prices and care about child and disable, it build non-smoking area to keep health for the customers.Section 4:(a)Because of the two powers about restraining forces and driving forces take effect. The strategy of J D Wetherspoon changed over time. Through two forces of restraining is the force working against desired changes. And the other force of diving is the force of working for desired changes.If the diving force is stronger than restraining force, then the firm will be changing. The leader could compare the two forces, and consider the company need to change or not.Next we will talk about J D Wetherspoon’s driving force and restraining forces.1.Driving forces: The increase competition, many competitors run pubs to rentthe money.Government takes many police like concern about bingedrinking, and thought it is anti-social behaviors.The changing market, the market appears to be over-supplied.2.Restraining forces: Inertia (habit) of the J D Wetherspoon, like their staff, theyhave habit to their ruler and management. They want the steadyenvironment of work.Strength of culture in the J D Wetherspoon is very strong, theculture has a strong effect on J D Wetherspoon and its staff andits structure.(b)The big changes from business ethics is a mainly factor in the J D Wetherspoon.In the case, the government concern about binge drinking and think it is an anti-social behaviors, and it is particularly in the city canters. The situation of pub wasn’t been saw to be encouraging brings them bad policing. The event causes a bad effect on J D Wetherspoon.The bad influence on J D Wetherspoon about profit and shares and sales. Tim Martin now as an executive, he had give up his power through daily time. So the business ethics is very important factors for J D Wetherspoon.(c)The role of management of J D Wetherspoon dealing with the changes is like next:Establishing directions: developing a vision of the future often in the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision.During the J D Wetherspoon’s development and grows, the firm sale bear in cheap price, take non-smoking area, provide television program and so on. All of these means J D Wetherspoon adopt the above behavior to reply change.Aligning people: communicating direction in words and deeds to all whose cooperation may be need so as to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. About the J D Wetherspoon, it communicates and knows about customers needs, then changes its business, like breakfast serving in the morning before normal time at 11:00a.m.Motivating and inspiring: energizing people to overcome major political, bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. Monitoring organizing and results, through find the careless to solve the problems. The leader should fide out the difference between J D Wetherspoon and others. It always needs to communication with people, know their needs and solve them, help them to adapt the changes in the company.。
HND市场学outcome2
1Marketing is defined as a process of planning and implementing ideas, products, price and services, promoting and distributing products, in order to meet customers‟demand and make profits.The marketing concept consists of five import parts: production, product, selling, marking and societal marketing. It‟s an outside-in approach, while the product philosophy is an inside-out approach. Although they have something in common—both of them aim at making benefits for the business, their focuses are different.To the marketing concept, organizations must try their best to know well the needs, desires and wants of their customers, for their principle is “customer is god”. What‟more, they should more effectively integrate the marketing mix ,including product, place, promotion and price, than their competitors, so as to make their products and services better and better to satisfy these interests, then by promoting and advertising introduce goods to them, in returns consumers will be attracted to buy their goods to meet the interests of organizations.But product philosophy is most concerned about internal capacity, not customers. The definition of internal capacity is the ability to handle raw materials and the number of products that all permanent assets of the organization produce, which involves in the production in the planned period and in a given technical condition. To improve the internal capacity, produce goods of the highest quality at the lowest cost and make the largest profit is its purpose.2.The marketing mix includes four elements: product, price, promotion and place.The explanation of the product element of the marketing mix: in 1986 the range of products of Landed—a company of wooden toys aimed at the pre-school market, was greatly limited to wooden building bricks and jigsaws. Its products could only be sold to small toys shops. However, as the company developed, its range of products has quickly enlarged. But for its former products, it not on-ly added with dolls‟houses and wooded train sets, but also brought in “Country Cousins” books and a new range of pre-school books. The enrichment and diversity of its range of products made this company bigger and bigger.The explanation of the price element of the marketing mix: a correct pric ing policy, a reasonable price is very import in the market competition. For example, on the early 1990s, Landed was rapidly flourished, and the “Country Cousins”books were sold at a premium. But then in order to occupy the favorable position in the competition, the company had to reduce its high price to a competitive level. Now more and more competitors have attended to this market, so in order that it can ensure continued distribution, the company is setting about reducing the price lower.The explanation of the promotion element of the marketing mix: the promotion has many aspects, such as advertising, sales promotions, personal selling and direct marketing. The promotional team must come up with the best promotion policy. The “Country Cousins”books were not well sold by bookshops, so the company sold them to toy retailers.The explanation of the place element of the marketing mix: Landed met with a big opportunity and challenge—the Welsh language TV channel SC4 introduced an animated program describing an assortment of animal characters collectively known as the …Country Cousins‟.Fortunately, the company won the contract to make a limited range of merchandise featuring the characters, and the popularity of the series, and it gave it a considerable sale. Then the TV proposed a national airing and national launch. In order to continue the patronage, Landed‟s sales team decided to keep the friendly relationship with existing outlets. They concentrated at retailers and middlemen, connected with established clients for personal selling. Now they very value the advertisement among children.3..For a privately owned Sports Club, its elements of the marketing mix refer to the followings: product, price, promotion, place, people, process and physical evidence.First, the product of privately owned Sports Club is its service, which opposes to a common product. Services, unlike physical products, happen "on the spot" and customers like to know what to expect. The privately owned Sports Club offers service to customers, which is essentially intangible and does not result in ownership of anything. The Landed Toy Company products are goods.Second, price, as we know, price is one of the most flexible elements of the marketing mix. It will be affected by consumers, the trade and the competition. For example, if customers feel the price of the Sports Club is lower than others, most of them may choose this club, while the price of Landed Toys Company products changes with the situation they have in the market: set premium price (previous) ------cut the price (now) -----reducing price (future).Third, promotion is what a company say and do concerning products and services in order to persuade customers and markets to try them. The privately owned Sports Club not only uses advertising but communicates with customers to help them have a better understanding of the company. Landed Toys Company Landed did very little advertise at first, but now they use newspaper to promote its products originally.The next is place, which not only includes retail store, online shop but also the movement of goods. If you want to book the ticket of the club, you can buy in the club or online. Landed Toy Company sells its products through a number of intermediates, nowadays it carries out with the idea of mail order selling.Fifth, people are part of the offering service. If the customers are satisfied with your service, it may have a positive effect on the development of your company. Sixth, processes mean caring about the quality, reducing the queuing systems and service delivery to ensure consistency of service. At last, p hysical evidence is the “tangible” part of the service, like the facilities in the club.Different from a Landed company, which distributes its products to its customers,Sports Club always has to get its customers to come to it. Those who come to the sports club are pursuing high quality services, although its price is higher. Therefore, Sports Club usually has relatively affluent target market and local promotions meeting the local demands. In this way, it is principal for a sports club to choose a right location.4.The environment in which an organization exits can affect industry or the individual organizations. An internal environment is the systems of the company, the effectiveness of which to a great degree rests with its culture, including micro and macro environment, competition intermediaries, and suppliers stakeholders. A micro environment is all those factors which lie beyond the organization, and a successful organization is contributed by those in the microenvironment, for example, the company, the distributors, customers, competitors and public, however, the macro environment indicates the lager forces which affect the way in which an organization operates and over which the organization has little or no control. These can be known acronym PEST.With the changing environment, PEST is also changing: first, in the political aspect: as the international communication developing, it is not simply domestic politics which will have influence on marketing strategy. Second, economically, suppliers have become more and more, as a result, competition has become more and more fierce, this will influence costs, prices and demand. Third, changes and trends in the sociocultural environment bring forth significant challenges. People's basic beliefs, attitudes and values are shaped by the society in which they grow up. Forth, developments and breakthroughs in technology give birth to new products and sometimes new industries.Following factors may affect Landed: the declining birth rate, growing demand for more technological toys, increased affluence, growth in competition from larger competitors, growing dominance of larger retailers.For the sake of getting over these risks, altering marketing mix, the company introduced some new products to satisfy different market meets, drew into added value products at higher prices, developed higher profile promotions to compete with rivals, and used sales team to develop good relationship with retailers.。
HND国际商业组织outcome3
IntroductionThis report basically tells of a company to human aspects of recruitment and salary, contract analysis.Topic1Analyze the organization’s policy for recruitment to senior positions on a global basis.First of all, according to gm development strategy and the tenet, and establish the transfer of "people-oriented" concept as recruitment guiding ideology. Buicks in recruitment process, insist on the premise of two-way choice, still pay special attention to the applicant and corporate performance requirements of identical. Secondly, based on the company's development plan and production construction schedule, formulate staff recruitment plan, from the company's organizational structure, departments’ positions actual requirement, and del aminating, step-by-step recruitment. Again, according to "first-class enterprise, want first-class staff team," the company development target, establish a nationwide selected extensively talent recruitment policy. And according to post hierarchy and nature, pertinently choose different news media release recruitment information, take use media and talent market mainly by recruiting and entrust recruiting combination method. Finally, establish the talents database, unified design job description tables, apply for the registration form.Strict assessment employment program: a, employment personnel must have been evaluated. Second, standardized procedures of evaluation pattern. Three, two relations tradeoff: 1, personality and work skills relationship. 2, the past experiences and developing in the future relationship. Fourth, adhere to the “Rather lack " principle 1Topic2Analyze the salaries in the countries where operations take place.In 2006, is a statistical auto workers in the United States each hour wage comparison:Ford motor: $70.51 dollars per hour (yearly salary of $$141,020 dollars),Gm: $73.26 dollars per hour (yearly salary of $146,520 dollars),Chrysler: $75.86 dollars per hour (yearly salary of $151,720 dollars),While Toyota, Honda and Nissan in American depot: $48.00 dollars per hour (yearly1/corporate/careers/salary of $96,000)American university faculty of average wage is $73,207 dollars salary, including 27% is welfare. Most of the faculty salary, including welfare, probably 9 million dollar, gm workers less than $6,000. Early gm capacity transferred to Mexico's original intention was to reduce costs, in general will fail, workers has urged the cost at lower foreign production return home, this is bound to significantly increase the cost, so, most of us do not expect the future of auto industry, not believing gm's future. 2Topic3Identify variations in labour relations experienced by the organization in the countries where they operate.In social transition process, labor relations tension conflict performance is more outstanding. The 18th century industrial revolution made rapid industrialization development in the meantime, bring a large number of the handicraftsmen unemployment, poor working conditions, primitive exploitation makes the worker's working conditions and living conditions worsen sharply, Labour and capital contradicts intensified. Financial crisis caused by the world economic crisis, which is of export enterprises operating in trouble, labor relationship problems erupted, direct challenge to harmonious labor relations to the construction and development. The economic crisis to the enterprise labor relations impact of mainly displays in: 1. The economic crisis by enterprise bankruptcy or manage difficulty but adopt of downsizing, pay cuts caused panic and employees, triggering a Labour dispute, protests led to labor relations tension, threatening the enterprise internal harmony, rising labor dispute cases. 2. Recruitment management of fair employment, various kinds of discrimination (such as age discrimination, sexual discrimination, source discrimination, census register discrimination, etc.), labor contract is not standard, Salary management of salaries, overtime wages, insurance and welfare, human resources leaving relevant training fee, wage wrangling.3ConclusionThis report can see that every enterprise needs a harmonious labor relations, only perfect recruitment system, suitable salary, welfare will attract talented people enter harmonious labor relations. The company will make staff to work more try my best to accomplish the task of general managers issued, for the company to create greater profit.2/research/US/Country=United_States/Salary3/new/287_294_201012/28yi55126676.shtmlHND Global Business Organisations: F27C 35 Candidate name: Chen TianlunStudent ID: 095194915Tutor: Minggui QuTitle of the project: HR in the company Word count: 618。
HND2013经济学outcome1答案框架
Answer the following questions in relation to WJE1 Economics revolves around the nature of choice and the availability of Resources. With reference to WJE’s current situation, explain what is meant by the term ‘the bas ic (central) economic problem’.经济学围绕所选择的性质和资源的可用性。
参考Wje的现状，解释什么是“基本经济问题”（中央）。
回答：在这里涉及到基本经济问题中的两种，一种是稀缺资源，另一种是选择。
稀缺资源：定义（看书）+ 文章中的例子（金钱，材料等等具体说出来）；机会：定义（看书）+ 文中的例子（在introduce a new model和upgrade the Tiger2 at a modest cost中选一个）2 In relation to WJE’s current situation explain what is meant by the term opportunit y cost. 在关系到Wje现状的解释什么是短期机会成本。
回答：机会成本的定义（书上）+联系例子（文中选择了introduce a new model，因此文中的机会成本便是upgrade the Tiger2 at a modest cost）3 Figure 1 shows the demand and supply curves for performance sports cars similar to those offered by WJE. The quantity demanded is illustrated by line D, and the quan tity firms are prepared to supply is illustrated by line S.图1显示性能跑车所提供的类似的需求和供给曲线Wje。
HND商务契约关系Outcome2-3
Business Contractual RelationshipsOutcome 2 and 3Candidate Name:Grade and Class:1.Yes. It is aless farorable. The Jeff can be protected by the Employment Rights Act 1996, the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and the Equality Act 2010.In the case, the Jeff has worked in Mullan Enterprises Ltd for six years, Mr. Murray tells Jeff that he will be moved into another department which means Jeff was controlled by the company, and this is the control test. So Jeff is recognized as an employee, and he can be protected by the Employment Rights Act 1996. In this law, the employee has the right to obtain written terms and document called a contract of employment of terms so that the employee cannot be unfair dismissed.Then the disabled person is defined as a person who has substantial physical or mental disability cannot be competent for routine work. In this case, Jeff was suffering from MS, a degenerative disease which will affect his mobility in the workplace, because of his disease; he was told that he will be moved to another department. MS is a long-term and irreversible disease, so Jeff can be defined as a disabled person. Disabled people are protected against unfavorable treatment and failure by the employ or to adjust workplace reasonable for disabled people. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 gives disabled people rights in employment and other areas. However, Jeff worked on the fifth floor, and Mr. Murray did not adjust his workplace so he failed to meet the requirement of disabled person and went against the Disabled Discrimination Act 1996.At last the Equality Act 2010 can ensure the equality of chances and protect special group of people. It can also make sure these people are not worried about being unfairly treated even if the employer does not have discrimination act, he/she needs to be aware of these. In this case, Mr. Murray said that Jeff is probably not going to be much use to the company and want to move him to another department which can be considered as unfair treatment, and Jeff’s dignity has been broken. So Mr. Murray went against the Equality Act 2010.2. There are two types discrimination. Direct discrimination is because of the specialnature of some people to give unfair treatment. One person discriminates another person because of difference between them. Indirect discrimination is not a direct difference. But the difference is in the setting of a certain standard to make some people lose their chance. It looks like everyone is equal, but the standard is unreasonable. In the case. Mr. Murray wants to move Jeff to another department because of his disease, Mr. Murray thought that he is no longer useful to the company which harms Jeff’s confidence and Jeff was treated differently from others. Through this can be judged by direct discrimination. When Mr. Murray know Jeff’s disease, he did not make any adjustment for him which will be considered as discrimination treatment and went against the Disability Discrimination Act 1995.3. (2) Julia can be dismissed fairly. By the Supreme Court found that the element of control that employer can exercise over the employee to determine the relationship between them. Firstly, Julia has a written statement of employment with the company. Secondly, Julia has been an employee in the company for 9 years and she is expected to complete a set amount of hours every week which means she is controlled by the company, this is the control test. Thirdly, her company deals with her tax deductions, this is fiscal test, the fiscal test can decide whether the person run business on his/her own account/ personal account or accounts used in the process of work in Hall v Lorner(1992).According to section 98 the Employment Rights Act 1996, a reason is related to an employee’s conduct. Dismissal: a valid reason that they can justify are reasonably in the circumstance. In this case, Julia has worked for 9 years, her ability is good. However, she punched employees in the workplace when training them which will be very serious. In the Act, the employer dismisses an employee because employee has broken the terms of employee’s employment. So Julia can be dismissed. However, the employer should follow a fair disciplinary procedure before dismissing and give employee chance to explain and appeal. Before Julia was fired, she should be told and warned the bad behavior and the employer should tell the employee how serious the behavior was and show the damage to her.4.In the case, the Tom is an accounting in Company E. And in the company he often makes mistakes in these two years. He lead to the lots of financial loss of the company with he provides the false financial information. So the Company E provided Tom two months accounting training. But after training, Tom’s work was bad too. Not long ago, a staff reported the manager that tom hided drugs in the office. The manager found evidence after work. Company E pointed out that Tom’s action damages company’s image. Tom should be dismissed because of his conduct. Tom broke the terms of employee’s employment.In addition, Tom is lack ability to his work, he cannot do accounting, So it is reasonable to dismiss Tom.5.In the case, the Mary is pregnant. She applies for three months of maternity leave. But the company doesn’t approve. If she insists on the maternity leave that the manager need dismiss her. And at the same time the company need to reduce workforce of employees. Mary is selected to redundancy because she is pregnant. Employer wants to dismiss Mary because of maternity leave.But the behavior breaches statutory employment rights. So it belongs to automatically dismissal. Mary is selected because of pregnant, and this also can be classed as an unfair dismissal.。
HND商务沟通outcome3
Summary (2)Introduction (3)Findings (3)Communication Industry (3)Low Carbon Growth in China (5)Update System with Windows 7 (6)Conclusions (8)Recommendations (8)Reference (9)Appendices (10)Appendix A (10)The analysis of all fields' ICT emission reduction effect by GeSI (10)Appendix B (11)RMB of GDP per RMB of ICT investment in OECD countries (11)Appendix C (12)Green consumer segmentation (percentage of all consumers) (12)The purpose of this report is introducing the development of Green ICT in the future and development potential. All the materials in this report is come from Internet and business report’s data analysis.More and more research indicates that Green ICT is benefit strategies for all the country, company and people, and it is benefit for environment. Green ICT is regarded as one of the effective strategies, for many firms, the operating costs savings from reduced energy consumption can leave them with more resources for other vital ICT initiatives. The reason is the more pollution, the worse influence for us. More and more government pay attention on Green ICT indicates that great majority country and people realized the pollution of earth and we need to change our life style to decrease pollution.This report suggests ways to improve company’s level on Green ICT to promote company’s long-term development. This change has improving strategies to adapt the development of society. Then, this report will analyses Green ICT in Communication Industry, Realizing the Potential for ICT enabled low Carbon Growth in China and update to Windows 7 three ways to explain the environment and the need for sustainability, Green business practices, Greener ICT and Customer demand for environment-friendly products.This report recommendation is:a.Reminds people pay more attention on Green ICTb.Promotes the development of Green ICTc.Change their represent ICT to Green ICT, such as: change system toWindows 7, improve technology so that extend product life and so on.The Future of Green ICTIntroductionThe purpose of this report to analyze the influence on company by Green ICT, evaluate the effect of Green ICT and suggest ways to improve company’s level on Green ICT to promote company’s long-term development. Nowadays, more and more person and company pay more attention on Green ICT. More industry pays more attention on Green ICT to decrease the pollution and cost, this is good for long-term development. And government published some policy to manage and decrease high-pollution industry, and limit high-pollution industry develop to protect our environment. So, Green ICT is important obviously, company need to change as Green ICT as soon as possible. The report outlines four points:munication Industryb.Realizing the Potential for ICT enabled low Carbon Growth in Chinac.Update System with Windows 7Some suggestions/recommendation is provided in this report.FindingsCommunication IndustryThe Green ICT’s communication’s most visible benefits are: the reduction in environmental negative impact and cost savings. At present, the energy-saving emission reduction strategies operated by China’s communication industry are lack of technological support, b ut developed country’s communication industry is using Green ICT technologies. Foreign country’s industry has low energy consumption, the huge role in gradual promoting is spread by the applications of ICT in several industries. Recommended energy conservation strategy for China’s communication industry can do it in the same way as foreign. We need change our communication industry strategy by the use of Green ICT and adopt some Green business practices.Recent years, government, international telecommunication organization and telecommunication operating company have researched in different industries to explore methods of energy saving energy. Industry of ICT makes a huge change in some country, ICT helps save energy and promote social development, but also raise the awareness of the role of energy conservation in new areas. Along with the voice of worldwide energy saving, more and more industry starts the research in Green ICT.Some research and date indicates that it is necessary to finish telecommunication’s energy saving.In 2008, GeSI (Global e –Sustainability Initiative) published a report “SMART 2020: Enabling the low Carbon Economy in the information A ge”, explain Green ICT has more than five-times affect.The analysis of all fields' ICT emission reduction effect by GeSIGeSI predicted that until 2020, ICT technology can reduce 15% of worldwide carbon emissions.American department of energy prove from ten years research, technology of Green ICT is more useful than technology now, and predict that until 2030, focus on semiconductor manage smart grid, electronic business, telecommunication and several field can reduce the energy consumption 25% approximately, it is nearly 27.7% of total national energy consumption offset. It is a huge contribution.All the data show that Green ICT in communication industry has a bright futureand it is benefit for environment, company can do some Green business practices on communication of Green ICT, it is good for company in long-term objective.Low Carbon Growth in ChinaLow Carbon is due to hold sustaining economic growth and controlling carbon emissions. China has recognized that ICTs can play an important role in driving low carbon growth. And they take action to reduce carbon growth to protect environment.The most serious problem in environment about earth we face is greenhouse effect, and carbon dioxide is the key point cause greenhouse effect, so we need to reduce the carbon emissions. Energy industry can take action to achieve low carbon growth:a.Develop a firm level inventory of carbon emissions, and understand therole that carbon plays in their organizations. Set down a comprehensive greenhouse gas emission targets, indentify the most effective reduction opportunities.b.Identify opportunities. Let some special staff to evaluate carbon dioxideemission and find the solution.c.Incentives staff to do work in green ways to reduce carbon dioxideemission.d.Set and manage towards to meet a reduction goal is crucial tocommunicating progress to investors and regulators, and to engaging employees, suppliers and customers.But develop low carbon growth need enough funds sustainability, so company need increase profit to develop low carbon growth and adapt long-term development and social demand. Company can increase in ICT asset base creates GDP. From the data indicates that each RMB of increase in ICT asset base creates around RMB 1.6 of GDP per year. From the chart, we know that more and more country realized that ICT can increase GDP.RMB of GDP per RMB of ICT investment in OECO countriesAnd China ranks lower globally in terms of enabling environment for ICT, company can take some Green business practices to increase company completely in long-term. China has a large space to develop in ICT about carbon.Update System with Windows 7Windows 7 is an operating system produced by Microsoft for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, and media center PCs. It was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and became generally available for retail worldwide on October 22, 2009, less than three years after the release of its predecessor, Windows Vista. Windows 7 is Greener ICT than windows XP and Vista.Windows 7 update so much system and technology, it help computer save energy and reduce pollution of carbon dioxide. Among Windows 7's new features are advances in touch and handwriting recognition, support for virtual hard disks, improved performance on multi-core processors, improved boot performance,DirectAccess, and kernel improvements. Unlike Windows Vista's many new features, Windows 7 was an incremental upgrade designed to work with Vista-compatible applications and hardware. Presentations given by Microsoft in 2008 focused on multi-touch support, an updated Windows shell with a new taskbar, referred to internally as the Superbar, a home networking system called HomeGroup, and performance improvements. Some standard applications that have been included with prior releases of Microsoft Windows, including Windows Calendar, Windows Mail, Windows Movie Maker, and Windows Photo Gallery, are not included in Windows 7; most are instead offered separately at no charge as part of the Windows Essentials suite.With the increase quality of life level, more and more people understand the important of Green ICT, and pollution of daily life is more and more serious. People realize that environment-friendly products can save energy and reduce daily pollution. To sum up, Green products are gaining in popularity among consumers:From the above chart, we can see that Green products are gaining in popularity among consumers. According to a study by Booz&Co., 10% of consumers are willing to pay a higher price for green products. And another 60% are interested in environmentally sound products, although they are not willing to pay more for them. So we need provide more environment-friendly products as customer demand.Because environment-friendly product is more and more popular, every companyand family was changing their system to Windows 7 as environment-friendly product in their computer and environment-friendly product is more and more popular. The CEO of Microsoft said Windows 7 is the most green and saving-energy system. All the system is easier to use, faster and simpler. It helps user use system efficiency and safety.ConclusionsTo sum up, Green ICT is important for the development of company. Increasing demand for Green ICT innovations will generate global opportunities for company’s ICT businesses and professionals, this is the same as company’s object and goals.Communication industry: do some green business practices as foreign country to reduce energy emission.Low carbon growth in China: to protect environment by low carbon growth in China, and take more keep environmental sustainability.Windows 7: Windows 7 is the Greener ICT than Windows XP and help user more efficiency and easy to use it and this is customer demand.RecommendationsEveryone believes that governments and company can take many actions to encourage ICT-enabled energy efficiency, clean energy innovation, and sustainable growth. Key areas that should be explored in more detail in relation to individual technologies are:a.In telecommunication infrastructure, we can do some networkoptimization to decrease energy emissions.b.In personal computers, we can improvements in power management ofPCs and update system to Windows 7, switch from desktop to laptop computers and from cathode ray screens to LCD screens.c.And extend product life is also important.d.In telecoms devices, do smart chargers and prevent electronic run off,when we don’t use telecoms devices, set low energy standby.Reference1.Baidu Library. Introduction about Green of ICT and Green by ICT.Retrieved June 5, 2013, from http: /view/3f2d064b2e3f5727a5e96227.html (2011). White Paper Green ICT, the Greening of Business (2011). Retrieved June 5, 2013, from http: /p-941614434605.html3.Baidu Library. ICT and Low Carbon Growth in China (2011).Retrieved June 5, 2013, from http: /view/35ccf3d4195f312b3169a5d7.html4. Baidu . Windows 7 (update on June 4, 2013). Retrieved June 5, 2013, from http: /view/761518.htmAppendicesAppendix AThe analysis of all fields' ICT emission reduction effect by GeSIReference: The Climate Group, 2008RMB of GDP per RMB of ICT investment in OECD countriesSource: OECD Productivity Database, September 2005,/statistics/productivity; World Bank Databank; team analysisGreen consumer segmentation (percentage of all consumers)Fig. 1: Booz&Co., Going Green – Addressing Untapped Consumer Potential In The Telecom Industry, 2009.。
Outcome 1 HND SQA 人力资源管理导论
Content1. Definition of Human Resource Management (2)2. Differences between HRM and PM (2)3. Four stages of HRM development (5)4.Key functions of HRM (5)5. Reference (5)Definition of Human Resource ManagementHuman resource management (HRM, HM) is the function within an organization that focuses on recruitment of, management of, and providing direction for the people who work in the organization. HRM can also be performed by line managers.[1]HRM is an organizational function that deals with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training etc. [2]HRM is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people and the workplace culture and environment. Effective HRM enables employees to contribute effectively and productively to the overall company direction and the accomplishment of the organization's goals and objectives. [3]HRM is moving away from traditional personnel, administration, and transactional roles, which are increasingly outsourced. HRM is now expected to add value to the strategic utilization of employees and that employee programs impact the business in measurable ways. The new role of human resource management involves strategic direction and human resource management metrics and measurements to demonstrate value. [4]Differences between HRM and PMPersonnel management (PM) is basically an administrative record-keeping function, at the operational level. PM attempts to maintain fair terms and conditions of employment, while at the same time, efficiently managing personnel activities for individual departments etc. It is assumed that the outcomes from providing justice and achieving efficiency in the management of personnel activities will result ultimately in achieving organizational success. [5]HRM is concerned with carrying out the same functional activities traditionally performed by the personnel function, such as HR planning, job analysis, recruitment and selection, employee relations, performance management, employee appraisals, compensation management, training and development etc. But, the HRM approach performs these functions in a qualitatively distinct way, when compared with personnel management.The following are several main differences between PM and HRM:1) PM is workforce-centered, directed mainly at the orga nization’s employees; such as finding and training them, arranging for them to be paid, explaining management’s expectations, justifying management’s action s etc. Nevertheless, HRM is resource–centered, directed mainly at management, in terms of devolving theresponsibility of HRM to line management and administrative development etc.2) Although indisputably an administrative function, PM has never totally identified with management interests, as it becomes ineffective when not able to understand and articulate the aspirations and views of the workforce, just as sales representatives have to understand and articulate the aspirations of the customers.3) PM is basically an operational function, concerned primarily with carrying out the day-to-day people management activities. HRM is strategic in nature, which is, being concerned with directly assisting an organization to gain sustained competitive advantages.4) HRM is more proactive than PM. PM is about the maintenance of personnel and administrative systems; HRM is about the forecasting of organizational needs, the continual monitoring and adjustment of personnel systems to meet current and future requirements, and administration changes.Four stages of HRM developmentSocial Justice●The origins of personnel management lie in nineteenth century, deriving from thework of social reformers such as Lord Shaftesbury and Robert Owen.●Their criticism of the free enterprise system and the leadership created by theexploitation of workers by factory owners enabled the first personnel managers to be appointed and provided the first frame of reference in which they worked: to ameliorate the lot of workers●Such concerns are not obsolete. There are still regular reports of employees beingexploited by employers flouting the law, and the problem of organizational distance between decision makers and those putting decisions into practice remains a source of alienation from work.●In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries some of the larger employers witha paternalist outlook began to appoint welfare officers to manage a series of newinitiatives designed to make less harsh of their employees.●Prominent examples were the progressive schemes of unemployment benefit, sickpay and subsidized housing provided by the Quaker family firms of Cadbury and Rowntree, and Lever Brothers’ soap business.●While the motives were ostensibly charitable, there was and remains a business aswell as an ethical case for paying serious attention to the welfare of employees.●This is based on the contention that it improves commitment on the part of staffand leads potential employees to compare the organization favorably competitors.●The result is higher productivity, a longer-serving workforce and a bigger pool ofapplicants for each job. It has also been argued that a commitment to welfare reduces the scope for the development of adversarial industrial relations.●The more conspicuous welfare initiatives promoted by employers today includeemployee assistance schemes, childcare facilities and health-screening programs.Human Bureaucracy●This phase marked the beginnings of a move away from a sole focus on welfaretowards the meeting of various other organizational objectives. Personnel managers began to gain responsibilities in the areas of staffing, training and organization design.●Influenced by social scientists such as F.W. Taylor and Henri Fayol personnelspecialists started to look at how organizational structures could be designed and labor deployed so as to maximize efficiency.●The human bureaucracy stage in the development of personnel thinking was alsoinfluenced by the Human Relations School, which sough to ameliorate the potential for industrial conflict and dehumanization present in too rigid an application of these scientific management approaches.●Following the ideas of thinkers such as Elton Mayo, the fostering of socialrelationships in the workforce and employee morale thus became equally important objectives for personnel professionals to raise productivity levels. Consent by negotiation●Personnel managers next added expertise in bargaining to their repertoire ofskills.●In the period of full employment following the Second World War labor became ascarce resource. This led to a growth in trade union membership and to what Alian Flanders, the leading industrial relations analyst of the 1960s, called “the challenge from below”.●Personnel specialists managed the new collective institutions such as jointconsultation committees, joint production committees and suggestion schemes set up in order to accommodate the new realities. In the industries that were nationalized in the 1940s, employers were placed under a statutory duty to negotiate with unions representing employees.●To help achieve this, the government encouraged the appointment of personnelofficers and set up the first specialist courses for them in the universities.● A personnel management advisory service was also set up at the Ministry ofLabor, which still survives as the first A in ACAS.Organization and Integration●The late 1960s saw a switch in focus among personnel specialists, away fromdealing principally with the rank-and-file employee on behalf of management, towards dealing with management itself and the integration of managerial activity.●This phase was characterized by the development of career paths and ofopportunities within organizations for personal growth.●This too remains a concern of personal specialists today, with a significantportion of time and resources being devoted to the recruitment, development and retention of an elite core of people with specialist expertise on whom the business depends for its future.●Personnel specialists developed techniques of manpower or workforce planning.This is basically a quantitative activity, boosted by the advent of information technology, which involves forecasting the likely need for employees with different skills in the future.Key functions of HRM1)Human resource planning or employment planning is the process by which anorganization attempts to ensure that it as the right number of qualified people in the right jobs at the right time2)Job analysis defines a job in terms of specific tasks and responsibilities andindentifies the abilities, sills and qualifications needed to perform it successfully.3)Employee recruitment is the process of seeking and attracting a pool ofapplicants from which qualified candidates for job vacancies within an organization can be selected.4)Employee selectio n involves choosing from the available candidates theindividual predicted to be most likely to perform successfully in the job.5)Performance appraisal is concerned with determining how well employees aredoing their jobs, communicating that information to employees and establishing a plan for performance improvement.6)Training and development activities help employees learn how to perform theirjobs, improve their performance and prepare themselves for more senior positions.7)Career planning and development activities benefit both employees and theorganizations.8)Employee motivation is vital to the success of any organization. Highlymotivated employees tend to be more productive and have rates of absenteeism and turnover.Reference1.Armstrong, Michael (2006). A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice(10th ed.). London: Kogan Page. ISBN 0-7494-4631-5. OCLC 622822482. Towers, David. "Human Resource Management essays".http://www.towers.fr/essays/hrm.html. Retrieved 2007-10-17.3. By Susan M. Heathfield, Guide/od/glossaryh/f/hr_management.htm4. Pfeffer, J. (1994) Competitive advantage through people, Harvard Business School 4 /od/glossaryh/f/hr_management.htm5.‘Personnel management’. The Columbia Encyclopedia (Sixth ed.). Columbia University Press. 2005. /65/x-/X-personne.html. Retrieved 2007-10-17. "Personnel management - see industrial management".。
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Consultation Paper for Crown Catering Services Case study Report for ICT Assessment Task 1
Module Name: Information and Communication Technology in Business Module Code: F84W 35 Assessment: Task 1 Name: Liu Litao Class: GTB 1 SCN: 157052020 Date: 11/18
Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ......................................................................................... 3 2.1 Decision making at strategic, tactical and operational ................... 3 2.2 Three types of information system .................................................... 4 2.3 Legislation governing management and handing of information .. 5 2.4 Three data communication systems .................................................. 6 2.5 Benefits for Crown Catering Services ............................................... 7 2.6 Treats and security procedures .......................................................... 7 2.7 Innovations .......................................................................................... 9 3.0 Conclusion ......................................................................................... 11 4.0 Reference ........................................................................................... 11 1.0 Introduction This report is to solve the problems the Crown Catering Services must face about Information and Communication Technology in Business(ICT) at the new age. The main problems are that the company was established in 2001. And they have some trouble because of out of date. So this report described the following points. The nature of the information required for decision making at strategic ,tactical and operational and its types of system is the first one. Then, legal aspects cannot be avoided. The original key point is the data communication systems. As for security, must focus on the threats and the security procedures. Finally, the problem previously mentioned about out of date, is rely on innovation to solve.
2.1 Decision making at strategic, tactical and operational There is a diagram as follow:
The strategic level obtain the internal information about profitability and the external about market trends to make decision. Their decision can affect the whole organization. In the case study, the Crown Catering Services’ strategic level obtain that the company’s work is inefficient, particularly in regard to its ICT systems. And they ask a consult to the company to provide him with clear recommendations on the action. The tactical level obtain the internal information about variance analysis and the external about customers feedback. They decided the tactics to use. In the case, Conner Webster is in this level as its managing director. One major project that Conner is currently planning is a marketing survey project that will involve him working with a number of key personal in the Marketing Department. The operational level must know the information on hour by hour information update. In the internal way, they can get the information by their work process. And they can get the information by public data in the external way. In the case, the branches team leaders should carry out the plan of the project. Due to the need to complete this survey project in the most effective manner to allow results to be obtained quickly.
2.2 Three types of information system Management information systems employ information technology to collect and communicate all the information a company or institution uses to operate. Each department or function of an organization produces its own operational and financial data and as a result has its own information system to keep track of it all. There are as many types of management information systems as there are departments or functions in an organization, but there are a few specific systems that almost every organization or institution needs for the whole to operate smoothly. A management reporting system is a database designed to report on the finances and operations of all levels of management in an organization. A company's management reporting system is commonly used by middle managers to generate regular reports comparing current and past financial performance to determine financial growth and to track how the middle managers themselves are performing. Upper management