笔记速记符号总归纳
常用速记符号
常用速记符号大于＞小于＜小于或等于≢大于或等于≣等于、意味着 =不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀 ;高兴、荣兴 (错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意 N同意 Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于↔胜利 V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是 =＞将来 ;过去 <上一个台阶 ;下一个台阶＆#8627;越来越强等＆#8648;越来越弱等＆#8650;双向交流＆#8645;促进、发展↗一方面#8226;/另一方面 /#8226;关系 #8226;/#8226;国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突 ><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要 **坚持≡关键！奇观 !有关 @替换为∽但是‖与……比较而言∥空洞○代口译考试之所以难，在于其长度和规定的限时。
估计很多参加过第二阶段口译考试的考生都有这样的经历，听的时候大意可以听懂，但是由于听时未作任何速记，关键词汇，逻辑关系在听后无法正确归纳，导致最后只能译出第一句或最后一句，而中间部分则完全忽略或遗忘。
真是如此，你是不可能通过口译考试的。
因此，自己在平日练习时一定要把速记归入计划之内。
总体上来说，速记符号主要有以下几类:A 。
保留大写字母或第一音节经济： E 教育：Edu 文化：C 政治：P 科技：ST 卫生：H旅游：T 环境：En 工业：I 农业： AB ．简写缩略AFAC ：as far as … is concerned( 就……而言)LFT ：look forward to ( 期待)ASAP ：as soon as possible( 尽快)C ．图象⊕高兴，同意，满意等，如：happy ，pleased ，satisfied ，agree…◎悲伤，生气，不满，不同意等，如：sad ，angry ，irritated ，unsatisfied ，sorrowful ，discomfort ，disagree…⊙会议，如conference ，meeting ，seminar ，symposium…□国家，地区，如：中国：□ C ，俄国：□ RD ．符号﹢高兴，男性，同意，增加等，如happy ，male ，agree ，many ，+2=more ，+3=most ，beneficial ，good ，beautiful ，great ，gorgeous…－悲伤，女性，不同意，减少等，如sad ，female ，disagree ，little ，few ，-2=less ，-3=least ，lack of ，short of…√同意，正确等，如：agree ，correct ，right…×不同意，错误等，如：disagree ，incorrect…↑增长，进步等，如：increase ，soar ，mushroom ，rocket ，make progress…↓下降，退步，恶化等，如decrease ，sink ，slide ，subside ，plump ，plunge ，drop ，degrade ，deteriorate…＞多于，超过，比……低一级等，如：more than ，greater than ，begger than ，better than ，superior to ，surpass ，transcend ，overtake…＜少于，比……低级等，如：less than ，lower than ，smaller than ，inferior to…～大约，如：approximately ，about ，around ，some ，nearly ，almost ，similar to…／否定，清除，如：clear ，settle ，solve ，tackle ，conquer ，eliminate ，extinct…≠与……不同，如：differ from ，different from ，distinct ，unique…$ 金钱，利益，如：interest ，benefit ，money ，fund ，capital…E ．标点? 问题，麻烦，障碍，如：question ，issue ，difficult ，hardship ，barrier ，obstacle…: 主观想法和说辞，如：think ，consider ，speak ，say ，talk ，mark ，announce ，declare ，hope ，例：repeat 或reaffirm 可以用:2 来替代，声明支持可以用+ ：来替代，谴责用- ：。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples: bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
口译笔记速记符号归总
口译笔记速记符号归总缩略词缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：拿掉所有元音保留开头和结尾个发音字母MKT: market WK weekMGR: manager RM roomMSG: message PL peopleSTD: standardRCV: receive保留前几个字母根据发音INFO information R areINS insurance THO thoughEXCH exchange THRU throughI owe you IOU 2U to youIn stead of I/O 4U for you字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ.C 表示政府，统治：government，govern governmental official 可以表示为CZP 表示政治：politics, political 那么politician就可以表示为PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect.G 表示效率：efficient, effective.G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business.C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontationW 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。
WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W（Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee）。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
口译笔译速记符号归总
口译笔译辅导：备考资料之口译速记符号归总字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ。
C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为 CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician 就可以表示为 PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect.E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率：efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀"：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业：business。
C×表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。
W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
口译中笔记法重点符号汇总
口译笔记速记符号归总缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表acc = account, accountantacdg = accordingacpt = acceptad = advertisementadm = administrationads = addressadv = adviceagr = agricultureagt = agentalt = altitudea.m. = ante meridiem = before noon AMAP = as much as possibleamb = ambassadoramt = amountanal = analysisanc = ancientanon = anonymousans = answerapp = appendixApr = Aprilapt = apartmentarch = architecturearr = arrive; arrivalASAP = as soon as possibleass = assistant; associationat = atmosphere; atomicatt = attorney; attentionAug = Augustaux = auxiliaryav = averageave = avenuea.w.l. = absent with leave (准假)a.w.o.l. = absent without official leave (无故缺席) B.A. = Bachelor of Artsbal = balanceB.C. = before Christbd = boardbdl = bundlebk = bank; bookbkts = basketsB/L = bill of lading (提单)BLDG = buildingbp = birthplacebr = branch; brotherB.S. = Bachelor of Sciencebu = bureauC = capacity; century; chapter; centigrade; cost; city; center cal = calendar; caliber; caloriescap = capital; captaincat = catalogcc = carbon copy (复印件；抄送)CEO = chief executive officercert = certificateCFM = confirmcncl = cancelcp. = comparecit = citizenciv = civil; civilizationclk = clerkcml = commercialco. = companyc/o = care of(转交)col = college; colorcom = commentary; common; communication; community comm = commissioncomp = complete; computer; competition con = conclusion; againstcond = conditioncont. = continent; continuedcorp = corporationcust = customer; custom; customsDec = Decemberdec = deceased; declarationdef = defender; defensedeg = degreedep = depositDEPT = departmentdisc = discountdist = distance; distinguishdiv = divide; divorceddo. = ditto (同上）dorm = dormitorydpt = departuredz = dozene = east; earth; engineeringecon = economics; economyed. = education; editore.g. = exempli gratia = for example encl. = enclosed; enclosureesp. = especiallyetc. = et cetera = and so onex. = example; exception; extraexp. = exportexpln = explainext = extend; extensionFAX = facsimileFeb. = Februaryfem = female; feminineff. = followingfig = figuresfin = finance; financialfl = fluidFLT = flightFOB = free on board (船上交货；离岸价格) for = foreign; forestryfp = freezing pointfr = frequentFri. = Fridayfrt = freight (货物；货运)ft = foot; feet (脚；英寸)fut = futureFYR = for your reference (仅供参考)g = gold; grain; guide; gender; gravity G.A. = General Assembly (联合国大会) gen. = generallygent = gentleman; gentlemengm = gram; general managergov = governmentgs = general secretary (秘书长)h = harbor; hundred; husband; hydrogen hd = head (头部；首脑)hf = halfHon = honorable; honoraryH.Q. = headquartershr = hourht = heighthypoth = hypothesis; hypotheticali.a. = in absence; absentib. = ibidem = in the same placeID = identity; identity cardi.e. = id est = that isimp = import; imperialIMPS = impossibleIMPT = importantin. = inch; inchesind = industrial; independentindiv = individualinfo = informationins = insuranceinst. = instant; instituteint. = interior; interest (兴趣；利息)I/O = instead ofIOU = I owe you (借据)I.Q. = intelligence quotientIVO = in view of (鉴于，考虑到)is. = islandJ = judge; justicejour = journal; journalistjr. = junior (大学三年级学生; 年少的; 初级的)kg = kilogram (千克；公斤)km = kilometer (公里)lat. = latitudelb. = pounds (磅；英镑)L/C = letter of credit (信用证)leg = legallib = library; librarianliq = liquidlit = literaturelong. = longitudeM.A. = Master of Artsmach = machinerymag = magazineman. = manual; manufactureMar = Marchmath = mathematicsMDL = model (型号；模特)Mdm = Madammed. = medicine; medicalmem = member; memoir (回忆录) memo = memorandum (备忘录)mid = middlemin = minute; minimummkt. = marketmod = moderate; modernMon. = Mondaymph = mile per hour (每小时英里数; 车速) Mr. = MisterMrs. = MistressMS = manuscripts (手稿)msg = messageMt = Mount; mountainmus = music; museumn = north; noon; name; normalnat = national; native; naturaln.d. = no date (无日期)NLT = not later than (不迟于)No. = numberNov. = Novembernr = nearobj = object; objectiveobs = obsolete (过时的); observeobt = obtainOct. = Octoberoff. = office; officialop. = opera; operation; oppositeord = ordinaryorg = organizationorig = originaloz. = ounce (盎司)p. = page; power; pressurepara = paragraphpart = particular; partnerpass = passive; passengerPAT = patentpayt = paymentpc = piece; personal computerpd. = paid (钱款)已付perf = perform; performancePh.D. = Doctor of Philosophypk = park; peak (备注：pk这个符号大家可以根据时髦的用语来灵活拓展其含义) pkg = packagePLS = pleasep.m. = post meridiem = [w]afternoon POB = post-office boxpop = popular; populationpr. = pair; preferredprec = precedingprim = primary; primitiveprin. = principlepro = productProf. = professorpub. = public; publishqr. = quarterqt. = quantityqua = qualityr. = radius; railroad; retiredrcd = receivedrcpt = receiptRd = roadre = about (关于)reg = register; regionrep = representativerev = revise; reverse; revenuerm. = roomrpt = report; repeatSat. = Saturdaysch = schoolsci = sciencesec = second; section; sectorsig. = signal; signaturesitn = situationsp. = species (物种); specimen (标本) sq. = squareSTD = standardSun. = Sundaysurg = surgery; surgeontech = technologytel. = telephonetemp = temporary; temperature Thur. = ThursdayTKS = thankstrans = transaction; translationtrf = trafficTu. = TuesdayT.U. = Trade Union (英)工会ult = ultimateUN = United Nationsuniv = universityup = upperusu. = usuallyvil = villageV.P. = Vice Presidentvs. = versusv.v. = vice versa (反之亦然)wel = welcome; welfareXL = extra large (特大号)二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
汉语速记符号
汉语速记符号使令动词对应状语可整理一下排比句.递增据.反复句中重复的部分，用"~"表示联言(并列复句)：^(句中用||)(选言(选择复句)：V(句中用V)假言之充分(假设复句)：p q(句中用)假言之必要(条件复句)：p q(句中用)(只有…才…，除了…才…，无论…都…)因果：∵主语||谓语宾语(定语)[状语]补语介词短语做状语，其相关4类介词：1)时间、处所、方向：从、自从、自、打、到、往、在、由、向、于、至、趁、当、当着、沿着、顺着。
2)方法、方式、依据、工具、比较：按、按照、遵照、依照、靠、本着、用、通过、根据、拿、比、用、以。
3)原因、目的：因、因为、由于、为、为了、为着。
4)施事、受事：被、给、让、叫、归、由、把、将、管。
5)关涉对象：对、对于、关于、跟、和、替、向、同、除了。
省略：句中，用"："来表示冒号：用"="来替代方针--方十党性--党x|祖国--祖g是非--是\菠菜--菠胜利.失败--胜利\ (以下用的机会少：) (人民--民忐忑--忐天天--天·兔子--兔道路--道)组织性--组x|经得起--经/(组织性--组x办不到--办\比一比--比_讲的讲--讲·兴冲冲--兴冲〃甜丝丝--甜S·团团转--团·Z巧克力--巧-歇斯底里--歇斯-图书馆--图真善美--真3立场、观点、看法--立c3立场3革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化--革h4革h4 吹牛皮--吹牛铁饭碗--铁-干干净净--干净干·净·斤斤计较--斤·较议论纷纷--议纷·宣传宣传--宣传﹀宣传c2可有可无--可有︿同心同德--同心-说干就干--说干∟就事论事--就事-话里有话--话里成语：百花齐放--百h-人定胜天--人定-惯用语：吃大锅饭--吃e饭多字成语、谚语、格言：冒天下之大不韪--冒天下- 歇后语：芝麻开花节节高--芝麻^四音节以上关联词：所有这些--所y些总而言之--总r之)概念之划分：分类、列举必然可能◇助动词能愿动词要：表必要、意愿的能源动词必须OP肯定、否定副词必、必定是.内.所另：啊↔年纪"啊"属于"年纪"{哈尔滨.长春.沈阳}一个集合联言推理：∩并且不但---而且---虽然---但是---既要---又要---相容选言推理：或者---或者---可能---可能---也许---也许---不相容选言推理：要么---要么---不是---就是---或者---或者---二者必居其一≤(横过来)所有使令动词使、叫、请、推荐、命令、请求、迫使、委托比似动词像、似、如、如同、仿佛、好像行止动词开始、进行、继续、发展、消失能愿动词能、能够、会、可以、可能、应、应该、应当、要、得。
汉语速记符号
汉语速记符号使令动词对应状语可整理一下排比句.递增据.反复句中重复的部分，用"~"表示联言(并列复句)：^(句中用||)(选言(选择复句)：V(句中用V)假言之充分(假设复句)：p q(句中用)假言之必要(条件复句)：p q(句中用)(只有…才…，除了…才…，无论…都…)因果：∵主语||谓语宾语(定语)[状语]补语介词短语做状语，其相关4类介词：1)时间、处所、方向：从、自从、自、打、到、往、在、由、向、于、至、趁、当、当着、沿着、顺着。
2)方法、方式、依据、工具、比较：按、按照、遵照、依照、靠、本着、用、通过、根据、拿、比、用、以。
3)原因、目的：因、因为、由于、为、为了、为着。
4)施事、受事：被、给、让、叫、归、由、把、将、管。
5)关涉对象：对、对于、关于、跟、和、替、向、同、除了。
省略：句中，用"："来表示冒号：用"="来替代方针--方十党性--党x|祖国--祖g是非--是\菠菜--菠胜利.失败--胜利\ (以下用的机会少：) (人民--民忐忑--忐天天--天·兔子--兔道路--道)组织性--组x|经得起--经/(组织性--组x办不到--办\比一比--比_讲的讲--讲·兴冲冲--兴冲〃甜丝丝--甜S·团团转--团·Z巧克力--巧-歇斯底里--歇斯-图书馆--图真善美--真3立场、观点、看法--立c3立场3革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化--革h4革h4 吹牛皮--吹牛铁饭碗--铁-干干净净--干净干·净·斤斤计较--斤·较议论纷纷--议纷·宣传宣传--宣传﹀宣传c2可有可无--可有︿同心同德--同心-说干就干--说干∟就事论事--就事-话里有话--话里成语：百花齐放--百h-人定胜天--人定-惯用语：吃大锅饭--吃e饭多字成语、谚语、格言：冒天下之大不韪--冒天下- 歇后语：芝麻开花节节高--芝麻^四音节以上关联词：所有这些--所y些总而言之--总r之)概念之划分：分类、列举必然可能◇助动词能愿动词要：表必要、意愿的能源动词必须OP肯定、否定副词必、必定是.内.所另：啊↔年纪"啊"属于"年纪"{哈尔滨.长春.沈阳}一个集合联言推理：∩并且不但---而且---虽然---但是---既要---又要---相容选言推理：或者---或者---可能---可能---也许---也许---不相容选言推理：要么---要么---不是---就是---或者---或者---二者必居其一≤(横过来)所有使令动词使、叫、请、推荐、命令、请求、迫使、委托比似动词像、似、如、如同、仿佛、好像行止动词开始、进行、继续、发展、消失能愿动词能、能够、会、可以、可能、应、应该、应当、要、得。
口译中简单而常用的57种速记符号
口译中简单而常用的57种速记符号小编摘要：速记是一项特殊的技巧，速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。
在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。
常用速记符号大于＞小于＜小于或等于≢大于或等于≣等于、意味着=不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N 同意Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于↔胜利V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是=＞促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要**坚持≡关键！奇观!有关@替换为∽但是‖与……比较而言∥空洞○代表△口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。
因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。
一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(and so on), esp(especially), ie(that is), max(maximum), min(minimum), ref(reference), std(standard), usu(usually),等。
口译笔记速记符号
口译笔记速记符号归总目录[1].Note-taking symbols and abbreviations[2].关于缩略词[3].关于字母和图像[4].用箭头、数字符号、标点符号来表示1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is tointroduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first sy llable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation. assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word. ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever theterm, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CASthereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples: assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbrev iate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can besubstituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets ofsymbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
常用速记符号(很有专业气质的口译自我训练资料)
常用速记符号大于＞小于＜小于或等于≢大于或等于≣等于、意味着=不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N同意Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好＋更强、更好＋＋弱、差－更弱、更差――因为∵优秀★属于↔胜利V问题、疑问？和、与＆结论是=＞促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突><波折＜＜会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要** 坚持≡关键！有关@替换为∽但是‖与……比较而言∥空洞○代表△口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义，短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆，长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时，人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子，或者一组十位数的数字。
因此，对于口译工作者来说，完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的，记笔记便显得十分重要。
一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点，切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充，不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系（如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等），笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精，但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语，也可使用目标语，也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性，不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如，“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语，例如：cf(compare), Co(company), eg(for example), etc(andsoon),esp(especially),ie(thatis),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(stan dard),usu(usually),等。
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1 笔记速记符号总归纳 [1] Note-taking symbols and abbreviations [2] 关于缩略词 [3] 关于字母和图像 [4] 用箭头、数学符号、标点符号来表示 一、 缩略词 英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。 缩略词的写法一般为四种方式： F拿掉所有元音 MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive F保留前几个字母 INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchange I owe you IOU In stead of I/O F保留开头和结尾个发音字母 WK week RM room PL people F根据发音 R are THO though THRU through
高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表 缩略词 原词 APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT Accept AD Advertisement ADS Address ADV Advice AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount APV Approve ASAP As soon as possible BAL Balance BLDG Building CERT Certificate CFM Conform CNCL Cancel CNF Conference CMI Commission CMP Complete CMPE Compete/competitive CMU Communication CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN Explain EXT Extent FLT Flight FNT Final FRT Freight FYR For your reference GD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MGR Manger 2
MIN Minimum MKT Market MSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS Observe OBT Obtain ORD Ordinary PAT Patent PC Piece PKG Packing PL People PLS Please POSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV Receive REF Reference REGL Regular REP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC Section SITN Situation STD Standard TEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Thanks TRD Trade TRF Traffic TTL Total U You UR Your WK Week WL Will WT Weight XL Extra large
二、 字母、图像 Z 表示“人”people/person，因为“Z”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。例如：日本人：JZ。 C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official 可以表示为 CZ P 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为 PZ E 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。 G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G为效率符号。 Q 表示“通货膨胀”：inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。 A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到，所以用首字母代替。 B 表示商业：business。 C× 表示冲突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation “C×”中的“×”表示反对，字母“C”将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和 confrontation。 W 表示工作，职业: work, employ 等。它是work的第一个字母。所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。 i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。 U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议（treaty, agreement）一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。如果在U内填入2××××，就可以表示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。如果在U上加一个“/”××××表示谈判破裂。 O 表示“国家”、“民族”、“领土”等：country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口，Og表示出口 这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主办：chair, host, preside over。那么在此符号上加Z表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc. T 表示“领导人”：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT ⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌，中间一点表示一盆花，这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等：meeting，conference，negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium k 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以表示“捕鱼业”等合fishery 有关的词汇。 O 圆圈代表地球，横线表示赤道，所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc. J 表示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc. L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc. EO 表示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc. O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don’t care much, etc. 3
三、 箭头 g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc. 表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc. 表示屈服：submit to f 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc. 表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate h 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc. 表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc. 表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc 表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.
四、 数学符号 + 表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc. ++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级：more +3 表示“多”的最高级：most － 表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. × 表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc. > 表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc. 表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc. < 表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc. 表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc. = 表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc. 表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( ) 表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc. ≠ 表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc. 表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc. ～ 表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc. / 表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.