英语构词法中连字符构词功能分析

英语构词法中连字符构词功能分析
英语构词法中连字符构词功能分析

英语中的构词法详解及记忆大全

英语中的构词法主要有三种,即转化法、合成法和派生法。 转换法 在英语中,一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。 1. 动词转化为名词 Let me have a try. 让我试试。 They are only allowed to sell soft drinks at school. 在学校里只准许他们出售不含酒精的饮料。 2. 名词转化为动词 He shouldered his way through the crowd. 他用肩膀推开人群前进。 The smell from the kitchen made his mouth water. 从厨房传来的气味使他流口水。 3. 形容词转化为动词 We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 They tried to perfect the working conditions. 他们努力改善工作条件。 4. 形容词转化为名词 He didn’t know the difference between right and wrong. 他不辨是非。 The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 5. 形容词转化为副词 How long have you lived there? 你在那儿住多久了? 6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词 Warm clothes are a must in the mountains. 穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。 Life is full of ups and downs. 人生有得意时也有失意时。 His argument contains too many ifs and buts. 他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。

派生法英语构词法归纳

派生法英语构词法归纳 一、英语最常用前缀、后缀 前缀意义单词加前缀派生词加后缀派生词 ad- 向、到 join加入 adjoin邻接 adjoining邻接的, 隔壁的 re- 回 turn转动 return回来 returnless回不来的 再、又 build建造 rebuild重建 rebuilder重建者 con- 共同 firm 坚固 confirm确定 confirmedly坚定地 ob- 向 press压 oppress压迫 oppressive压制性的, 压迫的 in- 里 port港口 import进口;重要 important重要的 否定 correct正确 incorrect不正确 rectitude正直, 公正 trans- 贯通 port港口 transport运输 transportation运输 pre- 前 school学校 preschool学龄前 preschooler学龄前儿童 pro- 前 long长的 prolong延长 prolongate延长, 伸长 per- 完全 form形状 perform完成 performance履行,表演 ex- 外 port港口 export出口 exporter出口商 dis- 分开 part部分 dispart分离 dispartment分离, 分开 否定 agree同意 like喜欢 disagree不同意 dislike厌恶 disagreement争执, 不和 dislikeful令人嫌恶的 sub- 下 way路 subway地铁 exportable可输出的 un 否定 like象 unlike不象... unlikeness不相等, 不象 sur 上 face脸面 surface表面 surfacewise沿着表面(地) 注:-ing,-less(否定),-ed,-ive,-ant,-ful,-able是形容词后缀; -er,-itude,-ation,-ance,-ment,-ness,是名词后缀; -ly,-wise是形容词、副词后缀;-ate是动词、名词、形容词后缀。 读者掌握上述后缀基础上,完全可以“猜出”最后一列派生单词的意义,实现“不背而记”。 二、派生法构词公式:<前缀>+词根(词根变体或单词)+<后缀> 前缀词根单词 fect变体单词 ad-向、到 fect 做 affect影响, 感动 fair affair事务, 事件 re-回;再 refect使精神振作 act retroact反作用 con-共同 confection甜食 pact compact契约 de-下 defect过失, 缺点 fic deficit赤字 in-里 infect传染, 感染 pact impact影响 trans-贯通 transfect转染 act transaction交易 pre-前 prefect各类官员 fig prefigure预示 per-完全 perfect完美的 funct perfunctory草率 ex-外 effect效果, 作用 fic efficient生效的 dis-否定 disaffect 使疏远 fic difficult困难的 前缀单词单词单词单词 ad-向、到 press压力 adpress压于表面 test

高考英语词汇复习之构词法学案

高考英语词汇复习之构词法学案 语法要点:1.各类词性的正确使用及转化 2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义 3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量 考情分析: 1. We drank together and talked _____ (merry) till far into the night.( 07 高考) 2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature) course.( 08 高考) 3.But Jane knew from past experience that her __ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.( 09高考) 4.His teacher took a deep drink, smiled _______(warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.(10高考) 考点精讲: Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change. Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 英语构词法主要有三种方法: 1.合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg. house( 房子)+ wife( 妻子)----housewife(家庭主妇) 2.转化(Conversion):由一个词类转化为另一个词类: eg. water ( n.)水--- water ( v.)浇水 3.派生(Derivation): 通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词: eg. happy---- unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的,只改变其。 happy---- happiness 加后缀改变了原词的 一、合成法: …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away thing s from the shop without paying for them. … What does the word “shoplifter” mean? A.商店里的小偷 B. 商店里的推销员 C.商店里的老客户 D.商店里的搬运工 注意:___________________________________________________________ 请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。

英语构词法大全

英语常见构词法 一、常见的前缀 前缀一般会改变词义,但不改变词性;后缀一般不改变词义,而不改变词性。1.表示否定意义的前缀 1)纯否定前缀 a-, an-, asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的) dis- dishonest, dislike I类:in-, ig-, il, im, ir, Incapable(不能的,无能力的,不能胜任的), inability(无能力,无才能), Ignoble(不光彩的,卑鄙的,卑贱的), impossible, immoral(不道德的), illegal(不合法的), irregular(不规则的) ne-, n-, none, neither(either两者中一个), never non-, nonsense(胡说,废话;荒谬的)sense(感觉,观念,道理)neg-, neglect(疏忽,忽视) un- unable, unemployment(失业) 2)表示错误的意义 male-, mal-, malfunction(发生故障,不起作用;故障), maladjustment(失调) mis-, mistake, mislead(误导,带错) pseudo-, pseudonym(假名), pseudoscience 注:pseudo(伪君子,假冒的) 3)表示反动作的意思 de-, defend(辩护,防护), demodulation(解调) dis-, disarm(裁军,解除武装), disconnect(拆开,使分离,断开) discover = uncover发现

re-,reverse反面的,反转,倒车 un-, unload(卸载,卸,卸货), uncover(发现,揭开) with-, withdraw(stop sth or stop making sth撤退,撤消,取款), withstand(抵挡,反抗,经得起,。。。站立不倒be strong enough not to be harm) withhold(阻止,。。。抓住不放to refuse to give sth to someone) 4)表示相反,相互对立意思 anti-, ant- antiknock( 防震), antiforeign,(排外的) contra-, contre-, contro-, contradiction(矛盾,否认,反驳), contro-flow(逆流) counter-, counterreaction(抵抗,发对的行动,中和), counterbalance(使平衡,自动抵消) O类(可以不记忆) ob-, oc-, of-, op-, object(物体;反对,拒绝), oppose, occupy 2. 表示空间位置,方向关系的前缀 1)a- 表示“在……之上”,“向……”(与空间类名次搭配) aboard, aside, 2)by- 表示“附近,邻近,边侧” bypath(侧道,小路), bypass(弯路) 3)circum-, circu-, 表示“周围,环绕,回转” circumstance(环境,情况), circuit(电路,回路) 4)de-, 表示“在下,向下” descend(下降;沿。。。向下), degrade(使降级,贬低;降级;grade 年级,成绩,级别) 5)en-, 表示“在内,进入”(不记忆) encage(关在笼中,禁闭), enbed(上床) 6)ex-, ec-, es-, 表示“外部,外”

英语构词法中的派生法

派生法(derivation): 在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀,从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或相反的词。 前缀(prefix): 一般改变意义,不改变词性。 表示否定的: dis-, like---dislike, appear---disappear, agree---disagree, cover---discover, il-, legal---illegal, literate---illiterate; im-, possible---impossible, polite---impolite,mortal-immortal; in-, correct---incorrect, direct---indirect, complete---incomplete; ir-, regular-irregular, relative---irrelative, revocable---irrevocable, of being ; able to be , revoke: (transitive) to take back or ; ; ? to revoke a law2. (intransitive) cards to break a rule of play by to when able to do so; ,renege. (intransitive; often foll by on) to go back (on one's , etc) mis-,“错误,坏” take---mistake, understand---misunderstand, fortune---misfortune, lead---mislead, mischievous;mal-, “坏,恶的”function---malfunction, maladroit笨拙的 (mal+adroit灵巧的) adjective 1. or 2. in thought or , malevolent恶意的(male+vol意志+ent→坏意志) 1. or appearing to wish to others; 2. astrology having an evil influence; non-,“不,非”’ fiction---non-fiction, non-cooperation, non-negotiable, non-stop直达 的,non-profit, non-commercial; un-, “不,非”happy---unhappy, fair---unfair, like---unlike(不像), certain-uncertain,known-unknown,usual-unusual,important-unimportant, accessable---unaccessable, accountable---unaccountable, fold-unfold, 前缀a-,① 加在单词或词根前面,表示”不,无,非”, acentric 无中心的(a+centric中心的) asocial 不好社交的(a+social好社交的) ;amoral 非道德性的(a+moral道德的;注意:immoral apolitical.不关政治的(a+political政治的) anemia 反常的(a+nomal正常 的+ous) ② 加在单词前,表示”在…,…的” ,asleep 睡着的(a+sleep睡觉), aside 在边上(a+side旁边),ahead 在前地(a+head头),alive 活的(a+live活) awash .泛滥的(a+wash冲洗),alike(相似的,一样的);

构词法之派生法

英语构词法 一、构词法之派生法的讲解 英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。 派生 Derivation 前缀

后缀

注意: -ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词,又可以构成形容词。-er 构成的名词,既有表示人的,又有表示物的。

二、课堂巩固练习

Ⅰ.Match the right words from the right column with the words on the left. ( ) 1. enrich A. trying to find jobs ( ) 2. semicircle B. remove, get rid of ice, frost ( ) 3. troublesome C. of, having, using imagination ( ) 4. sharpen D. make or become sharp ( ) 5. job-hunting E. half a circle ( ) 6. limitless F. causing trouble G. make rich, improve in quality, flavour, ( ) 7. imaginative etc. ( ) 8. defrost H. without limit Ⅱ.Use the appropriate form of the words to fill in the blanks. 1. The mother didn’t know why her daughter was crying _______. (noise) 2. He was one of the best _______ in yesterday’s football mat ch. (play) 3. Look! How ______ Kate is laughing! (happy) 4. It snowed _____ last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy) 5. Edison was a great ______. During his life he had many ______. (invent) 6. More and more _____ have come to visit China over these years. (foreign) 7. We want _________ reasons for your failure to help. (satisfy) 8. Please give me some reference work. It will ______ my task. (simple) 9. The boy had the _______ of being half starved. (appear) 10. The police have _______ a plot against the President. (cover) 11. The doctor said that Mary’s mother needed an _______.(operate) 12. She hoped that her son would become a _______. (music) 13. Few ______ words made us excited. (speak) 14. The days on the moon get hotter than ______ water. (boil) 15. Thank you for your _________. (kind) 16. Many college students work while they are studying because they want to make some money for their college _____. (expensive)

词根词缀构词法汇总

词汇进阶-----词根词缀构词法汇总1.常见的词根(转自无优雅思) 常见的词根 1) aer, ar, 含义是“空气,大气” aer oplane, aerial, 2) ag, act, ig, 含义是“做,动作” a ctive, agent, reaction, 3) alt, 含义是“高”,altitude, 4) alter, altern, altr, 含义是“其它,变更” alternate, 5) bio, bi, bion, 含义是“生物,生命” biology, bionics(仿生学) 6) brev, bri, brief, 含义是“短” brie f, abbreviation, abridge(节略) 7) cap, capt, cept, cip, 含义是“取,获” capture, except, concept, capacity 8) ced, ceed, cess, 含义是“行,让 步” proceed, succeed, excess(过度) 9) centr, centr, 含义是“中心” conc entrate, eccentric(偏心的) 10) clain, clam, 含义是“呼喊” claim, proclaim, exclaim 11) clos, clud, 含义是“闭合” conclud e, enclose, include 12) col, cult, 含义是“耕耘” colony, c ultivate, agriculture 13) cor, cord, 含义是“心” cordial, re cord, accord 14) curr, cur, cour, 含义是“跑,动作”current, occur, concurrence(同时发生) 15) dic, dict, 含义是“说,示” dictate, edit, indicate, predict 16) doc, doct, 含义是“教” doctor, do cument. 17) duc, duct含义是“引导,传导” int roduce, produce, conduct, deduct( 推论) 18) fact, fac, fect, dic, dit, 含义是“做,创造” factory, effect, profit, fac ulty, perfect 19) fend, fens, 含义是“打,击” defen ce, offence 20) fer, 含义是“搬运,移转” ferry, tr ansfer, defer(迟延) 21) fin, finit, 含义是“终,极” final, f inish, confine 22) firm, 含义是“坚固” firm, confirm, affirm(断定) 23) fix, 含义是“固定” prefix, affix (附加) 24) flect, flex, 含义是“弯曲” flexible, reflex 25) flor, flour, flower, 含义是“花” fl ower, flourish 26) form, 含义是“形” uniform, formu la, transform, reform, deform 27) forc, fort, 含义是“力,强度” forc e, enforce, effort 28) gen, genit, 含义是“生产,发生” g enerate, generation 29) gram, graph, 含义是“书写,记录”telegram, diagram, photograph 30) grad, gress, gred, gree, 含义是“步,阶段” gradually, degree, progres s 31) hab, habit, hibit, 含义是“保持,住” inhabit, exhibit, prohibit 32) her, hes, 含义是“粘附” adhere, c ohesion 33) ject, jet, 含义是“抛射” project, i nject 34) jour, 含义是“日,一天” journal(日记), journey, adjourn(延期) 35) jug, junct, 含义是“结合,连合” c onjunction, junction(连合) 36) labour, labor, 含义是“劳动,工作”labourer, elaborate, collaborate 37) lect, leg, lig, 含义是“挑选,采集”collect, select, lecture 38) lif, liv, 含义是“生活,生存” life, alive, live 39) loc, 含义是“场所,位置” location, dislocate(脱位)

英语:高中英语构词法讲解

高中英语构词法讲解与练习 一.类别 英语构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法。 二.定义与精讲 1.转化法 英语中,有的名词可作动词,有的形容词可作副词或动词,这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词 ①很多动词可以转化为名词,大多数情况下,意思没有多大的变化,如: Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。 ②有时意思有一定变化,如: He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 ③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语,表示一个动作,如: Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 2)名词转化为动词 ①很多表示物件,如 Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗? ②身体部位,如: Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。 ③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作,如: She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫,使他恢复了健康。 ④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如: We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如: We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如: Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 5)形容词转化为名词

词汇学教程张维友版课后习题答案

《英语词汇学教程》(2004年版)练习答案 【Chapter1】 7.tart:loose woman bloke:fellow gat:pistol swell:great chicken:coward blue:fight smoky:police full:drunk dame:woman beaver:girl 8.haply=perhaps albeit=although methinks=it seems to me eke=also sooth=truth morn=morning troth=pledge ere=before quoth=said hallowed=holy billow=wave/the sea bade=bid 12. Denizens Aliens Translation loans Semantic loans kettle die wall skirt husband confrere pro patria Wunderkind mikado parvenu chopstick typhoon black humour long time no see dream 【Chapter2】Ex.1

The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in the world.It is made up of most of the languages of Europe,the Near East and India.English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary.A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2.Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic Roumanian Hindi Breton Spanish Greek English Lithuanian Persian Scottish French Swedish Prussian Irish Italian German Polish Portuguese Norweigian Slavenian Icelandic Russian Danish Bulgarian Dutch 6.

初中英语构词法大全

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