计算机专业英语2012

合集下载

计算机专业英语 chapter

计算机专业英语 chapter
效率
数据结构使用令算法更有效率的方法组织数据。例如,考虑一些我们用来 查找数据的组织方式。一种过分简单的方式是将数据放置到数组中,并用 遍历的方法找到需要的元素。然而,这种方法是低效率的,因为在许多情 况下,我们需要遍历所有元素才能完成。使用其他类型的数据结构,如哈希
表和二叉数,我们能够相当快速地搜寻数据。
4.1 An Introduction to Data Structures
Abstraction Data structures provide a more understandable way to look at data; thus, they offer a level of abstraction in solving problems. For example, by storing data in a stack, we can focus on things that we do with stacks, such as pushing and popping elements, rather than the details of how to implement each operation. In other words, data structures let us talk about programs in a less programmatic way.
计算机专业英语 chapter
Key points: useful terms and definitions
of data structure
Difficult points: Stack, queue, tree
Requirements:
1. Three reasons for using data structures are efficiency, abstraction, and reusability. 2. The properties of Stack, Queue, and Tree

计算机专业英语

计算机专业英语

计算机基础知识computer n.电脑,电子计算机arithmetic logic unit算术逻辑部件manipulate vt.操纵,操作keyboard n.键盘information n.消息,知识printer n.打印机hand-hold a.使携,手拿的skitter n.磁盘calculator n.计算器statistical a统计的system n.系统,体系joystick n.游戏棒,操纵杆scientific a.科学的,系统的software n.软件electronic a.电子的category n.种类machinery a.机器,机关,simulate n.模拟,模仿equipment n.装备,设备handle vt.控制dull a.单调的,呆滞的interpret vt.解释network n.网络feedback n.反馈circuit n.电路,一圈,巡回instrument n.工具switch n.开关,电闸manufacture vt.制造level n.水平,标准CAD计算机辅助设计status n.状态engineer n.工程师binary a.二进位的draft n.草稿store vt.储存,储藏graphics n.图形process n.程序,过程video n.影像character n.字符robotic a./n机器人学sound n.声音automation n.自动化image n.影像,图像word processing字处理programme n.程序,计划text n.文衣logic inference逻辑推理communication n.通讯aid vt.帮助,援助electronic-mail电子邮件instruction n.指令teleconferencing电话会议convert vt.转变telccommunicating远程通讯originality n.创造力database n.数据库operate vt.操作,运转CAI计算机辅助教学ENIAC电子数值积分计算机transistor n.晶体管vacuum真空DOS磁盘操作系统resistor n.电阻器RAM随机存取存储器capacitor n.电容器mouse n.鼠标interference n.干预intense妙n.强烈,紧张technology n.技术floppy a.松软的internal a.内部的fix a.牢固的symbolic n.代号write-protect写保护language n.语言drive n.驱动器span vt.跨越mechanics n.机械学reliable a.可靠的access vt.访问efficient a一有效率的byte n.比特magnetic a.一有磁性的、mega n.兆Auxiliary a./n.附加的,辅助物decimal n.十进制media n.媒体octal n.八进制storage n.存储器headecimal n.十六进制punched card tape n.磁带weight n.权memory n.记忆,存储code n.代码silicon n.硅,硅元素ASCII美国信息交换标准代chip n.芯片extended a.扩充的,长期的terminal n.终端机,终点,总站voltage n.伏特,device n.设备integer n.整数innovation n.改革,创新negative a.负的external a.外部的absence a.缺席feature n.特征convenience n.便利component n.元件,组件waveform n.波形combination n.联合,合并zone n.区microprocessor n.微处理器vendor n.厂商,自动售货机packed a.包装的implement n.工具,器具package n.包裹,套装软件quantity n.数量digital a.数字的rigid n.硬的analog a.模拟的fragile a.易脆的hybrid a.混合的susceptible a.易受影响的discrete a.离散的medium n.媒体Vital a.重要的,关键的shutter n.快门monitor n.显示器general-purpose通用overwhelm v.制服theory proving定理证明application n.应用information retrieval 信息检索wire n.电线,电报persona computer个人计算机model n.模型time-consuming a.费时的Versatility n.多种变化,变通routine task日常工作lump vt.使成块logical decision逻辑判断hardware n.硬件programmable a.可编程的stream n.流rewire vt.重新接线resource n.资源generation n.代desktop n.桌面unreliable a.不可靠的cabinet n.文件柜auxiliary storge 辅助存储器supercomputer n.超级计算机minicomputer n.小型计算机I/0 device输入/输出设备system unit系统部件cell n.单元floppy disk软盘consecutively a.连续的,连贯的fix disk硬盘CPU中央处理器transmission n.传送,传输程序设计Program Design程序设计creep vi.爬,潜行writing program编写程序standardize vt.使标准化coding the program编程simplify vt.单一化,简单化programming程序revision n.校订,修正programmer n.程序员occupy vt.占领,住进logic n.逻辑,逻辑学BASIC初学者通用符号指令代码machine code机器代码teaching language教学语言debug n.DOS命令,调试simplicity n.单纯,简朴compactness a.紧凑的,紧密的timesharing system分时系统description n.描述,说明interactive language交互式语言break n.中断manufacturer n.制造业者structure chart结构图dialect n.方言,语调the program flow程序流expense n.费用,代价manager module管理模块uniformity n.同样,划一worder module工作模块archaic a.己废的,古老的mainmodule主模块sufficient a.充分的,足够的submodule子模块data processing数据处理modify v.修正,修改business application商业应用outline n.轮廓,概要scientific application科学应用compose分解lexical a.字典的,词汇的code 代码non-programmer n.非编程人员node vt改为密码notation n.记号法,表示法,注释pseudocode n.伪代码verbosity n.唠叨,冗长commas n.逗点逗号record n.记录documentation文档subrecord n.子记录flowchart/flow程表/流程data division数据部visual a.视觉的procedure division过程部represent vt.表现,表示,代表comprise vt.包含构成structured techniques结构化技术operator n.运算符,算子straightforward a.笔直的,率直的commercial package商业软件包subroutine n.子程序generator n.产生器,生产者driver module驱动模块mathematician n.专家line by line逐行operator n.作符translate vt.翻译,解释forerunner n.先驱modular摸块化ancestor n.祖宗cumbersome a.讨厌的,麻烦的teaching programming编程教学lengthy a.冗长的,漫长的alter vi./vt.改变flaw n.缺点裂纹devclop vt.发达separate a.各别的recompile v.编译assist n.帮助cycle n.循环technician n.技师remove vt.移动,除去straight line直线category n.种类,类项rectangle n.长方形,矩形P-code p代码virtrally ad.事实上symology n.象征学象征的使用register n.寄存器to summaries总之,总而言之by convention按照惯例cyptic n.含义模糊的,隐藏的diamond-shaped a,菱形的bracket n.括号decision n判断obviate除去,排除terminal n. a终端机,终端的keyword n.关键字card reader阅读器underline vt.下划线translator program译程序monadic a. monad(单位)的Programming程序设计dec/binary n.二进制source language源语shift变化,转移,移位machine language机器overflow n.溢出machine instruction机器指令arithmetic n.算术,算法computer language计算机语composite symbol复合型符号.assembly language汇编语assignment n.赋值floating point number浮点数proliferation n.增服high-level language高级语pointer n.指针natural language自然语言array n.数组矩阵,source text源文本subscript n.下标intermediate language中间语言type conversion类型转换software development软件开发address arithmetic地址运算map vt.映射,计划denote vt.指示,表示maintenance cost维护费用subprogram n.子程序legibility n.易读性,易识别separate compilation分离式编泽amend vt.修正,改善alphabetic a.照字母次序的consumer n.消费者digit n.数字位数enormous a.巨大的,庞大的numeric expression数值表达式reliability n.可信赖性,可信度tap n.轻打,轻敲,选择safety n.安全,安全设备print zone打印区property n.财产,所有权column n.列correctness n.正确,functionality n.机能semicolon n.分号portable a.叮携带的,可搬运的survey n.概观.altoggle n.肘节开关task n.作,任务declaration n.宣告说明source program源程序mufti-dimension array多维数组object program目标程序数据库transaction n.交易,办理,执行query n.查询license n.执照,许可证,特许subschemas n.子模式criminal a.犯了罪的,有罪的individual n.个体,个人conviction n.定罪,信服,坚信employee n.职员,受雇人员bureaus n.局,办公处integrity n.完整,正直insurance n.保险,保险业,保险费duplicate a.复制的,二重的retrieval n.取回,恢复,修补interactive n.交谈式security n.安全,安全性audit n.查帐,稽核integrity n.完整,正直,廉正trail n.痕迹,踪迹consume Vt.消耗multiuse n.多用户manually ad.用手full-fledged a.喂养tedious a.沉闷的,冗长乏味的compound document复合文件DBMS数据库管理系统recognizant a.认识的,意识的consensus n一致,交感user manual用户手册semantics n.语义学bug n.缺陷,错误impediment n.妨碍,阻碍,阻止encrypt v.加密,译成密码intuitively a直觉的malicious a.环恶意的,恶毒的module n.模块,组件bottleneck n,瓶颈schema n.轮廓,概要,图解mainstream n主流proposal n建议spatial a.空间的,空间性的tailor Vi.定制,制作,缝制relevant a.有关联的,中肯的plausible a.似真实的,似合理的urgency n.紧急,催促virtually ad.事实上optimization n.最佳化impracticably ad.不能实validation n.确认flaw n.缺点,裂纹,瑕疵typically a.典型的,象征性的assumption n.假定,视为当然之事index n.索引Yi.做索引duration n.持续时间,为期component n.组件,成分intolerably ad.难耐的程度temporal n.当时的,现世的abort vi.流产,失败semantics n.语义学rigorous a.严厉的,严酷的,苛刻的interval n.时间间隔criterion n.标准,准据,轨范catalogue n.目录V.编入目录consistency n.一致性,坚固性,浓度cabinet n.橱柜,内阁adopt Vt.采用,收养illustration n.例证,插图serialization n.连载长篇efficient a有效率的,能干的log n.日志,记录clerical a.事务上的,抄写员的focus n.焦点,焦距access n.进入.进入twin n.双胞胎中人warehouse n.大商店.仓库protocol n.协议wholesale n.批发conflict n神突,矛盾chore n.零工,家务negotiate vi.商议,谈判,谈妥mode n.模式,模态drag vi.拖拉,拖累long-duration长期architects n.建筑师short-duration短期partition n.分割,隔离物ascend V.上升,追溯,登高.inherent a.固有的,与生俱来的descend vi.下降,传下necessitate Vt.迫使,使成为必需dimensional a.空间的versa a.反physical organization物理组织operator n.操作员硬件基础microelectronics n.微电子学adaptively a.适合的,适应的actuator n.主动器compensate偿还,补偿integrated a.集成的parasitic a.寄生的arithmetic n.算术,算法wobble n.摆动,不稳定crossroads n.交又路focal a.焦点的,在焦点上的ROM n.只读存储器eliminate Vt.排除,除去RAM n.随机存取存储器cornstalk n.串音permanently ad.永久的,不变的affinity n.密切关系,强烈的吸引Volatile a.可变的,不稳定的stem n.柄,堵塞物notepad n.记事本introspection n.内省,反省microprocessor n.微处理器mechanism n.机械,机理gateway n.门,通路portability n.一携带,轻便coprocessor n.协处理器configuration n.配置floating-point浮点flexibility n.适应性,弹性upgrade V.使升级algorithms n.运算法则optional a.选择的,随意的channel n.通道,频道bi-directional a.双向性keystroke n.键击simultaneous a.同时发生的typematic a.重复击键的cache n.高速缓冲存储器comprise Vi.包含,构成percentage n.百分比,部分precommendation n.预补偿controller n.控制器track n.磁轨intercept n.截取,妨碍boot v.启动significantly ad.重要地,有效地benchmark n.基准,评效migration n.移往,移动merit n.优点,价值compact a.紧凑的,紧密的restriction n.限制,限定,约束digitally n.数位intrinsic a.本质的,原有的dip n.双排直插封装Boolean n.布尔逻辑,布尔值distortion n.扭曲,变形imperative a.命令式的playback n.重现,录音再生nontrivial a.不平常的robustness a.健康的,强健的circumvent v.绕行,陷害reliability n.可靠性,可信赖性decentralize vt.使分散,排除集中resolvability n.可移动性intelligent a.智能的,聪明的counterpart n.副本,配对物automatically a.自动地,机械地archival a.关于档案的innovation n.改革,创新magneto n.磁发电机synonym n.同义字cylinder n.柱面prototype n.原型photodetector n.光感测器paradigm n.范例,模范predefined n.预先确定microchip n.微处理器split a.分散的core n.争论的核心tradeoff n.交换,协定extended memory扩充内存bootdevice引导设备picture processing图像处理reside vi.住,居留,属于sensor n.传感器optical disk光盘WS1晶片规模集成laser n.激光VLSI超大规模集成storage densities存储密度hiss n.嘶嘶声modulate vi.调整,调制unveil vt.揭开,揭幕multiassociative processing多关联处理技术workload n.工作负荷操作系统与DOS指令storage space存储空间Timer n.计时器subdirectory n.子目录Available a.可用的structure n.结构characteristic n.特征,特性hierarchical a.分层的Sophistication n.复杂性issue vt.发行,放出Standard n.标准backslash n.反斜杠Online n.联机the root directory根目录Job Management 作业管理perform vt.执行Sequence n.次序conjunction n.联合Assess vt.评估procedure n.过程Resource Management资源管理tree n.目录树Oversee vt.监督term n.术语Control of I/0 Operation I/0 操作控制startup vi.启动Allocation n. 分配TSRs内存驻留程序Undergo vt.经历,经受locate vt.定位Error Recovery错误恢复sector n.扇区Memory Management存储器管理partition n.分区interface n.界面booting n.自举streamlined a.流线型的cluster n.簇unleash vt.释放CMOS互补金属氧化物体unhamperer vt.解脱emergency disk应急磁盘spreadsheet n.电子表格partition table分区表Accessory n.附件FAT文件分配表Notepad n.记事薄GUI图形用户接口Macro Recorder n.宏记录器command line命令行Write n.书写器icon n.图标Paint-brush n.画笔manual n.手册modem n.调制解调器dialog boxes对话框Solitaire n.接龙mechanism n.机构,机械,结丰Reverse n.挖地雷clipboard n.剪贴板module n.模块DDE动态数据交换acronym n.缩写字clumsy a.笨拙的version n.版本hot linked映射的update vt.洲一级,更新real-mode n.实模式internal command 内部命令standard mode标准模式external command外部命令directory n.目录Pentium n.俗称586,奔腾芯片sign-on a.提示framework n.框架,结构extension name扩展名precedence n.优先document n.文档uppercase letter大写字母workspace n.工作lowercase letter小写字母File Manager文件管理volume label卷标menu n.菜单prompt n.提示符Program Manager程序管理器default n.缺省值,默认值folder n.卷宗symbol n.符号divider n.分配者cursor n.光标subdivide n.子分配者built-in a.内置的tutorial n.教程。

计算机专业英语名词翻译

计算机专业英语名词翻译

第一章(计算机系统概论)digital computer 数字计算机decimal digits 十进制数字binary 二进制bit 位ASCII 美国国家信息交换标准代码computer system 计算机系统hardware system 硬件系统software system 软件系统I/O devices 输入输出设备central processing unit(CPU) 中央处理器memory 存储器application software 应用软件video game 计算机游戏system software 系统软件register 寄存器floating point data浮点数据Boolean布尔值character data字符数据EBCDIC扩充的二十一进制交换代码punched cards穿孔卡片magnetic tape磁带main memory主存vacuum tubes电子管magnetic drum磁鼓transistors晶体管solid-state devices固体器件magnetic cores磁芯integrated circuit(IC)集成电路silicon chip硅芯片multiprogramming多道程序设计timessharing分时分时技术minicomputers小型计算机mainframe大型计算机large-scaleintegrated(LSI)大规模集成very-large-scale integrated(VLSI)超大规模集成word processing文字处理eletronic spreedsheets电子表格database management programs数据库管理程序desktop publishing桌面印刷personalcomputer(PC)个人计算机microcomputer微型计算机storage capacities存储容量stand-alone computer独立计算机local area network(LAN)局域网peripheral devices外部设备assembly line流水线supercomputer巨型计算机第二章(计算机系统结构)memmory subsystem存储子系统I/O subsystem输入输出子系统bus总线system bus系统总线chip 芯片address bus地址总线instructions指令memory location存储单元data bus数据总线control bus控制总线local bus 局部总线microprocessor微处理器register set寄存器组arithmetic logic unit(ALU)运算器clock cycle时钟周期control unit控制器computer architecture计算机体系结构introduction format指令格式addressing modes寻址方式introduction set指令集internal memory内存main memory主存Random Access Memory(RAM)随机存取存储器Read Only Memory (ROM)只读存储器secondary storage副主存储器vitual memory虚拟存储器Dynamic RAM(DRAM)动态存储器refresh circuitry刷新电路Static RAM(SRAM)静态RAMcache memory高速缓冲存储器masked ROM掩膜ROMPROM可编程RAMEPROM可擦写PROMultraviolet light紫外线EEPROM or EEPROM电擦写PROMbasic input/output system(BIOS)基本输入输出系统flash EEPROM 快闪存储器memory hierarchy 存储器体系结构auxiliary memory 辅助存储器storage memory 存储容量keyboard 键盘alphanumeric key字母数字键function key 功能键cursor key 光标键numeric keypad 数字键mouse 鼠标touch screen触屏infrared ray红外线monitor 监视器display screen显示屏laser printer激光打印机ink-jet printer喷墨打印机dot-matrix printer点针式打印机modem调制解调器input-output interface(I/O interface)输入输出接口peripheral外部设备,外设interrupt中断program counter程序计数器vectored interrupt向量中断nonvectored interrupt非向量中断interrupt vector中断向量Direct Memory Acess(DMA)直接存储器存取timeout超时第三单元(计算机体系结构)parallel processing 并行操作serial operations 串行操作instructions stream 指令流data dream 数据流SISD 单指令单数据流SIMD 单指令多数据流MISD 多指令单数据流MIMD 多指令多数据流pipeline processing 流水线处理combinational circuit 组合电路multiplier 乘法器adder 加法器clock pulse 时钟脉冲vector processing 向量处理one-dimensional array 一维数组scalar processer 标量处理器vector instructions 向量指令CISC 复杂指令集计算机decoder 译码器RISC 精简指令集计算机backward compatibility 向下兼容第四单元(算法与数据结构)algorithm 算法parallel algotithm 并行算法primitive 原语syntax 语法semantics 语义pseudocode 伪码exhaustive search 穷举搜索divide-and-conquer algorithm 分治算法dynamic programming 动态规划bottom-up 自上而下top-down 自下而上array 数组one-dimensional array 一维数组pointer 指针program counter 程序计数器instruction pointer 指令指针list 列表linked list 链表singly-linked list 单向链表double-linked list 双向链表circularly-linked list 循环链表FIFO 先进先出LIFO 后进先出stack 栈push 压栈pop 出栈stack pointer 栈指针queue 队列tree 树root 根level 层次degree of a node 结点的度depth of a tree树的深度binary tree 二叉树traversal 遍历M-way search tree M向搜索树第五章(编程语言)Program 程序Program language 程序设计语言Software engineering 软件工程Pseudocode 伪码Flowchart 流程图Coding 编码Program testing 程序测试Desk-checking 手工检查Documentation 文档User documentation 用户文档Operator documentation 操作员文档Programmer documentation 程序员文档Machine language 机器语言Assembly languages 汇编语言High-level languages 高级语言RAD(rapid application development) 快速应用开发Natural language 自然语言Artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能Compile 编译Assemble 汇编Source code 源代码Object code 目标代码Linker 连接器Executable file 可执行文件Object-oriented programming 面向对象的程序设计Object 对象Class 类ADT(abstract data type)抽象数据类型Member variable 成员变量Class variable 类变量Member function 成员函数Inheritance 继承Derived class 派生类Overload 超载Message 消息Static binding 静态绑定Dynamic binding 动态绑定Polymorphism 多态性Visual programming 可视化编程Markup language 标记语言HTML(hyper text markup language)超文本标记语言Hyperlink 超链接XML(extensible markup language) 可扩展标记语言Java virtual machine java虚拟机第六章(操作系统)Application software 应用软件System software 系统软件Utility software 实用软件Operating system(OS)操作系统Shell 操作系统的外壳程序Graphical user interface(GUI)图形用户界面Kernel 内核Serial processing 串行处理Job 作业Batch processing 批处理Simple batch systems 简单批处理系统Multiprogrammed batch systems 多道程序批处理系统Monitor 监控程序Scheduler 调度程序Multiprogramming 多道程序Multitasking 多任务Time-sharing systems 分时系统Uniprogramming 单道进程Process 进程Process management 进程管理Process control block 进程控制块Mutual exclusion 互斥Multiprocessing 多处理,多进程Distributed processing 分布式管理Concurrent processes 并发处理Deadlock 死锁Synchronize process同步处理Semaphore 信号量Reusable resource 可复用性资源I/O buffers 输入/输出缓冲区I/O channel 输入/输出通道Deadlock prevention 死锁预防Deadlock detection 死锁检测Deadlock avoidance 死锁避免Virtual memory 虚拟内存Logical reference 逻辑引用Real addresse 实地址Paging 分页Segmentation 分段Virtual address 虚拟地址Physical addresses 物理地址Real-time process 实时处理File management 文件管理Plug and play(PnP) 即插即用第七单元(应用软件)application software 应用软件word processing 字处理软件spreadsheet 电子表格personal finance 个人理财presentation graphic 演示图形database manager 数据库管理软件groupware 群件desktop accessory 桌面辅助工具browsers 浏览区desktop publishing 桌面印刷project management 项目管理CAD 计算机辅助设计CAM 计算机辅助制造multimedia authoring 多媒体发布animation 动画MIDI 乐器数字化接口speech synthesis 语音合成insertion point 插入点scroll bar 滚动条window 窗口menu bar 菜单栏pull-down menu 下拉式菜单Button 按钮toolbar 工具条dialog box 对话框default value 缺省值(默认值)macro 宏OLE 对象链接和嵌入clipboard 剪切板column 列row 行cell 单元格cell address 单元格地址cell pointer 单元格指针formula 公式function 函数bar chart 柱形图line chart 线图pie chart 圆饼图workflow software 工作流软件PIM 个人信息管理软件Web browser 浏览器World Wide Web 万维网home page 主页第八单元(数据库)DBMS 数据库管理系统instance 实例schema 模式physical schema 物理模式存储模式内模式logical schema 逻辑模式概念模式模式subschema 子模式外模式data independence 数据独立性physical data independence 物理数据独立性logical data independence 逻辑数据独立性data model 数据模型entity-relationship model 实体联系模型object-oriented model 面向对象模型semantic data model 语义数据类型functional data model 功能数据模型entity 实体entity set 实体集mapping cardinality 映射基数abstract data type 抽象数据类型attribute 属性relation 关系tuple 元组primary key 主键super key 超健candidate key 候选键foreign key 外键DDL 数据定义语言data dictionary 数据字典DML 数据操纵语言procedure DML 过程化DML nonprocedure DML 非过程化DMLSQL 结构化查询语言view 视图the relational algebra 关系代数the tuple relational calculus 元组关系演算atomicity 原子性consistency 一致性duration 持久性transaction 事物DBA 数据库管理员。

计算机专业英语-电子教程

计算机专业英语-电子教程

Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
1.1.1 The ENIAC
The ENIAC was a major advancement for its time. It was the first general-purpose, electronic computing machine and was capable of performing thousands of operations per second. It was controlled, however, by switches and plugs that had to be manually set. Thus, although it was a general-purpose electronic device, it did not have a stored program. Therefore, it did not have all the characteristics of a computer .
4. 了解科技英语的特点,掌握科技英语翻译要点
计算机专业英语
1-3
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers
1.1 The Invention of the Computer
New Words & Expressions:
computerlike a. 计算机似的 electromechanical a. 机电的, 电机的
1-9
Chapter 1 The History and Future of Computers

计算机专业英语(Computer English)

计算机专业英语(Computer English)

8.1 The Internet: Technology Background分组交换。

分组交换是传输数据的一种方法,“分组”的数据信息包;当路径可用时,经过不同的通信路径发送;当到达目的地后,-switching techniques were expensive and wasted available communications capacity—the然而,这些“专用的”线路——不论是否有数据输送都需要维持线路。

由于字间的停顿和组装时的延70%的时间内没有得到充分利用,而这两种因素都增加寻找和连接线路所需的时间第一本关于分组交换的著作是由Leonard Kleinrock于1964年所著,由于使用分组交换技术,网络的通信能力提15里提1500 里——而汽车没有太大的改变!在分组交换的网络中,信息首先被分解为许多信息包。

每个信(开始点)和目的地地址、以及顺序信息和错误控制信息。

在分组网络中,信息包,而是在计算机与计算机之间旅行直到它们到达目的地。

这些计算机叫做路由器。

路由器它将组成因特网的成千上万个不同计算机网络互相联接起来,并在信息包旅行时将它们的分组交换不需要一个专用线路,但是可以利用几百条线路中任何可用的空闲能力。

分组交换几乎充。

尽管分组交换是通信能力的一个巨大进步,但对于将数字信息分解为信息包、将它们传, 然后重新组装为原来的信息,还没有一种公认的方法。

这就像有了一个生产邮票的系统,而没有邮政)一样。

回答了在因特网上用信息包做什么和如何处理信息包的问题。

TCP指传输控制协议,IP表示网际协议。

次序化、压缩和检查错误的规则。

它也可以限定传输速度和网上设备显示它们已停止接收信息的方法。

协议既可以通过硬件也可通过软件来实现。

TCP/IP(传输控制协议/网际协议)通过被称为(在下文描述)。

TCP(传输控制协议)是用来在网上传输数据的公认协议。

TCP(传输控制,处理信息包在传输点的组装和在接收端的重新组装。

计算机专业英语大全

计算机专业英语大全

absence 缺席access 访问存取通路进入achieve 实现完成acquire 获得adjacency list method 邻接表表示法adjacency matrix method 邻接矩阵表示法algorithm 算法allocate 留下分配[h2][/h2]analog 推论append 添加archive 档案归档array 数组assign 分配assume 假设assurance 确信信任A TM(asynchronous transfer mode) 异步传输模式b.. real programs kernels 实程序核心程序b.. toy benchmark synthetic benchmark 简单基准程序复合基准程序balance 平衡bandwidth 带宽batch 一批一组benchmark 基准测试程序best-fit algorithm 最佳适应算法BFS(breadth first search) 广度优先搜索法binary 二进制binary relation 二元关系binary tree 二叉树bit series 比特序列black-box white-box 黑盒白盒block miss 块失效blocked 阻塞(等待状态也称阻塞或封锁状态)boundary 界线分界bridge 网桥bubble sort 冒泡排序calculation 计算candidate key 候选键(辅键)capability 能力才能capacity 容量cartesian product 笛卡尔积CASE(com.. aided sof.. engineering) 计算机辅助软件工程CCP(communication control processor) 通信控制处理机cell 信元characteristic 特征特性circuit switching 线路交换circular wait 循环等待CISC(complex instruction set computer) 复杂指令集计算机class 类Client/Server 客户机/服务器clock cycle clock rate 时钟周期时钟频率coaxial cable 同轴电缆cohesion coupling 内聚耦合coincidental logical procedural functional 偶然内聚逻辑内聚过程内聚功能内聚combination 联合配合common 公用的共同的communication 通信complement number 补码component 成分concept 概念观念condition 情况状况conform 符合consist 组成存在constrain 约束contain 包含correspond (corresponding) 相符合(相应的一致的)CPETT 计算机性能评价工具与技术CPI 每条指令需要的周期数CSMA/CD 带冲突检测的载波监听多路访问cursor 游标cyclic redundency check 循环冗余检校database: integrity consistency restory 完整性一致性可恢复性database: security efficiency 数据库设计的目标: 安全性效率deadlock: mutual exclusion 死锁条件: 互斥deadlock: circular wait no preemption 死锁条件: 循环等待无优先权decimal 十进位的decision 决定判断decomposition 双重的混合的decrease 减少definition 定义definition phase 定义阶段demonstrate 证明design phase 设计阶段determine 限定development phase 开发阶段DFS(depth first search) 深度优先搜索法diagram 图表Difference Manchester 差分曼彻斯特directed graph undirected graph 有向图无向图distinguish 辩认区别distributed system 分布式系统divide division 分开除除法divide union intersection difference 除并交差document 文件文档DQDB(distributed queue dual bus) 分布队列双总线draw 绘制dual 二元的双的dynamic design process 动态定义过程element 元素要素elevator (scan) algorithm 电梯算法又称扫描算法encapsulation inheritance 封装(压缩) 继承(遗传) encode 译成密码entity 实体entity integrity rule 实体完整性规则equal 相等的equation 方程式等式estimate 估计判断Ethernet 以太网evolution 发展演化exceed 超过exchange sort 交换排序exclusive locks 排它锁(简记为X 锁)execute 实现执行exhibit 表现展示陈列existence 存在发生expertise 专门技术external(internal) fragmentation 外(内)碎片fault page fault 中断过错页中断FDDI(fiber distributed data interface) 光纤分布式数据接口FDM(frequency division multiplexing 频分多路复用fiber optic cable 光缆FIFO replacement policy 先进先出替换算法figure 数字图形final 最后的最终的first normal form 第一范式floppy 活动盘片(软盘)foreign key domain tuple 外来键值域元组form 形状形式formula 公式表达式foundation 基础根据基金frame page frame 帧结构页结构frequency 频率FTP 文件传送服务function 函数functionally dependent 函数依赖gateway 网间连接器gather 聚集采集推测general-purose registers 通用寄存器generate 产生grade 等级标准graph (graphic) 图Gropher 将用户的请求自动转换成FTPguarantee 保证确定hash table hash function collision 哈希表哈希函数(散列函数) 碰撞HDLC 面向比特型数据链路层协议hit rate 命中率host 主计算机host language statement 主语言语句hypertext 超级文本illustrate 举例说明independent 独立的index 索引indirect 间接的influence 有影响的initially 最初开头insertion sort 插入排序instruction format 指令格式instruction set 指令集interface 接口分界面连接体internal 内部的内在的interrupt 中断IPC 工业过程控制ISAM VSAM 索引顺序存取方法虚拟存储存取方法join natural join semijoin 连接自然连接半连接judgment 判断kernel executive supervisor user 核心执行管理用户kernels 核心程序key comparison 键(码)值比较LAN(local area network) 局域网load 负载载入logical functional 逻辑内聚功能内聚longitudinal 水平的loop 圈环状maintain 维护保养供给maintanence phase 维护(保养)阶段MAN(metropclitan area network) 城域网Manchester 曼彻斯特map 地图映射图matrix 矩阵点阵memory reference 存储器参量message switching 报文交换method 方法技巧MFLOP(million floating point operate p s 每秒百万次浮点运算minimum 最小的MIPS(millions of instructions per second 每秒百万条指令module 单位基准monitor (model benchmark physcal) method 监视(模型基准物理)法multilevel data flow chart 分层数据流图multiple 复合的多样的multiple-term formula 多项式multiplexing 多路复用技术multiplication 乘法mutual exclusion 互相排斥non-key attributes 非码属性null 零空Nyquist 奈奎斯特object oriented 对象趋向的使适应的object oriented analysis 面向对象的分析object oriented databases 面向对象数据库object oriented design 面向对象的设计object oriented implementation 面向对象的实现obtain 获得occupy 占有居住于occurrence 事件odd 奇数的one-dimensional array 一维数组OODB(object oriented data base) 面向对象数据库OOM(object oriented method) 面向对象的方法oom: information object message class 信息对象消息类oom: instance method message passing 实例方法消息传递open system 开放系统operand 操作数optimized 尽量充分利用optional 任选的非强制的organize 组织overflow 溢出overlapping register windows 重叠寄存器窗口packet switching 报文分组交换page fault 页面失效page replacement algorithm 页替换算法paged segments 段页式管理PCB(process control block) 进程控制块peer entites 对等实体perform 表演执行period 时期周期permit 许可准许phase 阶段局面状态physical data link network layer 物理层数据链路层网络层pipeline 管道platter track cluster 面磁道簇predicate 谓语preemption 有优先权的prefix (Polish form) 前缀(波兰表达式)preorder inorder postorder 前序中序后序presentation application layer 表示层应用层primary key attributes 主码属性principle 原则方法procedural coincidental 过程内聚偶然内聚process 过程加工处理proficient 精通program debugging 程序排错projection selection join 投影选择连接proposition 主张建议陈述protocal 协议prototype 原型样板prototyping method (model) 原型化周期(模型)pseudo-code 伪码(又称程序设计语言PDL) punctuation 标点purpose 目的意图quality 质量品质queue 队列ready blocked running 就绪阻塞(等待) 运行real page number 实页数real programs 实程序redirected 重定向redundency 冗余reference integrity rule 引用完整性规则referred to as 把.....当作regarde 关于register(registry) 寄存器登记注册挂号regularly 定期的常规的relation 关系relay 中继reliability 可信赖的repeater 中继器replacement 替换represent 代表象征request indication response confirm 请求指示响应确认resource 资源respon 回答响应RISC(reduced instruction set computer) 精简指令集计算机robustness 健壮性router 路由器scheme 计划图表sector head cylinder 扇区磁头柱面selection sort 选择排序semaphores 信号sequence 序列顺序Shanon 香农share locks 共享锁(简记为S 锁)short path critical path 最短路径关键路径signal 信号signal-to-noise ratio 信噪比B/Nsimilar 相似的SISD SIMD MISD MIMD * 指令流* 数据流SMDS 交换多兆位数据服务software development phase 软件开发阶段software engineering 软件工程software portability 软件可移植性software requirements specification 软件需求说明书solve 解决sort 种类方式分类排序spanning tree 跨越树(生成树)specify 指定说明speedup 加速比SSTF(shortest-seek-time-first) 最短寻道时间优先(磁盘调度算法) stack strategy non-stack strategy 堆栈型非堆栈型starvation 饥饿匮乏statement 陈述storage 贮藏库store procdures 存储过程strategy 战略兵法计划strict 严密的styles 文体风格subgroup 循环的subset 子集子设备superclass subclass abstract class 超类子类抽象类suppose 假定symbolic 象征的符号的synthetic benchmark 复合基准程序system testing 系统测试Systolic 脉动阵列table 表表格桌子TDM(time division multiplexing) 时分多路复用technology 工艺技术terminal 终端testing phase 测试阶段theta select project theta join θ选择投影θ连接time complexity 时间复杂度timestamping 时标技术Token Bus 令牌总线Token Ring 令牌环toy benchmark 简单基准程序transaction 事务记录transmite 传送transport layer session layer 传输层会话层traversal method 遍历方法triggers store procedures 触发器存储过程(ORACLE 系统)underflow 下溢unique 唯一的unit system acceptance testing 单元测试系统测试确认测试universe 宇宙全世界update 更新value [数]值variable 变量vertical 垂直的vertice edge 顶点(结点) 边via 经过virtual memory system 虚拟存储系统WAN(wide area network) 广域网waterfall model 瀑布模型white noise 白噪声write-back(copy-back) 写回法write-through(store-through) 写直达法WWW(world wide web) 万维网。

计算机专业英语单词


Abbreviations
LIFO (last-in, first-out) 后进先出
FIFO (first-in, first-out) 先进先出
4.3 Queues
New Words &n.行列, 队列; vi.排队
cafeteria n.自助餐厅
rear n.后面, 背后, 后方
documentation n.文件
debugging n.调试
spreadsheet n.电子制表软件, 电子数据表
Abbreviations
CASE (computer-aided software engineering) 计算机辅助软件工程
GUI (Graphical User Interfaces) 图形用户界面
microkernel n.微核
portability n.可移植性
extensibility n.可延长性, 展开性
stratify vt. 分层,层化
hierarchy n.层次,层级
detract v.转移
devise vt.设计, 发明, 图谋, 作出
not-so-small 并不十分小
real time 实时
2.1 Basic Organization of Computers
New Words & Expressions: instruction cycle 指令周期 bus n. 总线 uppermost adj.最高的;adv.在最上 data bus 数据总线 multibit 多位 unidirectional 单向的 microprocessor n.微处理器 timing n.定时;时序;时间选择 assert vt.主张,发出 trigger vt.引发, 引起, 触发 port n.端口

计算机专业英语

一、英翻汉,汉翻英(20题*1分)data processing system 数据处理系统Integrated Circuit 集成电路Central Processing unit 中央处理器decimal digit 十进制Random Access Memory 随机访问存储器machine language机器语言system clock 系统时钟word size 字长DataBus 数据总线Address Bus 地址总线control circuit 控制电路input and output device 输入和输出设备Universal Serial Bus 通用串行总线assembly language 汇编语言high-level language 高级语言derived classes 派生类late binding 迟绑定virtual function 虚函数real-time operating system 实时操作系统command language 命令语言primary storage 主存储器secondary storage 辅助存储器data structure 数据序data abstraction数据抽象procedural abstracting过程抽象dynamic memory allocation 动态存储分配first come and first served 先来先服务first in and out 先进先出database model 数据库模型physical level 物理层user program 用户层entity-relationship model实体—关系模型one –pass compiler 一遍编译器external call 外部调用parallelizing compiler 并行编译器cross compiler 交叉编译器intermediate code 中间代码一、选择题(10题*2分)1、计算机中最重要的程序OS2、处理器包含寄存器(register)累加器(accumulator)两个功能部件3、在控制输入输出操作计算机有完整的操作指令(operating instructions/ operational command)4、高级语言低级语言判断二、选词填空(10题*2分)课本第二题Uint1(1)The digital computer is a digital system perform various computation (估计,计算)tasks.(2)Integrated circuit did for the third-generation what transistors did for thesecond generation.(3)One of the most significant contributes to the emergence of the fourth generation of computers is the microprocessor.(未处理器)(4)Mainframe computer is a powerful multi-user computer.(5)Supercomputer is an extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second.(6)Desktop computers are modular systems that make it easy to add or replace individual parts to meet each user’s particular requirements.(7)When you need change ,it is easy to open up a desktop case and reconfigure the system.(8)The CPU mounts in a special socket that uses a latching mechanism to hole itin place.Uint2(1)A processor is a function unit that interprets and carries out instructions. (2)Thirty-two-bit chips are often constrained to a maximum of 2GB or 4GB of RAM access.(3)Processing more data in each cycle contributes to increased performance . (性能)(4)The cache ensures that data is immediately available whenever the CPU requests it.(5)One reason why the word needs 64-bit processors is because of their enlarged address spaces.(6)In an SSID (服务集标示符)architecture there is a single instruction cycle. (7)Multiprocessing refers to the organization technique in which a number of processor units are employed in a single computer system.(8)RAM and ROM play important roles of storage devices.(存储装置)Uint3(1)Each I/O device includes I/O interface circuitry.(接口电路)(2)The keyboard is used to type information into the computer or input information.(3)The core computer of CRT monitor(阴极射线管显示器)is cathode ray tube.(4)Compared to the CRT monitor, the monitor’s advantages are obvious.(5)Each I/O device is connected to computer system’s address, data, and control buses.(6)CRT monitor means a cathode ray tube monitor.(7)Each key on a standard keyboard has one or two character.(8)Press the key to get the lower character and hole Shift to get the upper. Uint4(1)Inheritance in object-oriented programming allows a class to inherit properties(性能,道具) from a class of object.(2)The language used 0 and 1 is called machine language.(3)C++ is an often considered to be a superset of C , but this is not strictly true.(4)Most C code can easily be made to compile(编译)correctly in C++. (5)C++ is an enhanced version of the C language.(6)Methods are similar to the functions of procedure-oriented (面向过程)programming.(7)An object is simply an instance(实例)of a class.(8)Polymorphism gives object the ability to represent to messages from routines when the object’s exact type is not known.(9)It is a computer program that translates a series of instructions written in one computer language into a resulting output in another computer language.(三)Unit5(1)The operating system is also responsible for keeping track of the activities in the computer system.(2)Real-time operating system are used to control machinery,(机械,机器)scientific instrument and industrial systems.(3) A multi-user operating system allows many different users to take advantage of one computer’s resources simultaneously.(4)The OS is a large program made up of many smaller programs.(5)The OS control how the CPU communicates with other hardware components.(硬件组件)(6)The OS also makes computer easier to operate by people who don’t understand programming languages.(7)Operating system are constantly being improved or upgraded as technology advance.(8)Windows is custom-made to run with Intel CPU and Intel-compatible CPUs,such as Pentium IV.(9)It is a common term for a computer fault that brings down a software program or operating system .It is also refer to the failure of a hard disk drive.(三)Uint6(1)A data structure is a specialized format (格式,板式)for organizing and storing data.(2)Data structure organize data in ways that make Algorithms (算法)moreefficient.(3)An object-oriented approach to data structures (数据结构)brings together both data abstraction and procedural abstraction.(4)Once problem are Abstracted ,(抽象的)it becomes apparent that seemingly different problems are essentially similar or even equivalent in a deep sense.(5)Abstraction allows Common solutions to seemingly different problems.(6)Integer is amounts to a particular collection of anxious or rules that must be obeyed.(7)When a call is made to Algorithms, (算法)all the variable local to the callingroutine need to be saved by the system , otherwise the new function will overwrite the calling routine’s variables.(8)Computers in which the disk is attached to one machine, known as the file server.(文件服务器)Uint7(1)A database consists of a file or a set of files.(2)Fields are the basic units of data storage .(数据存储)(3)The external level defines the different views of the database as required by the external or user programs.(4)One user program may not require all the data in the database.(5)The conceptual level describe the entire database.(6)Object-based logical models are used for describing data at the conceptual (概念上的)and viewlevels.(7)For relationships involving two entity (实体)sets, there can be relationships like one-to-one,one-to-many, many-to-one,and many-to-many.(8)There are various data types to choose from, such as character,numeric ,data ,or other.Unit8(1)A compiler(编译器)is a computer program that translates a computer programwritten in one computer language into an equivalent program.(2)Translation from a low level language to a high level one is also possible. (3)Compiles also exit which translate to a another.(4)Cross compilers are useful when bringing up a new hardware platform for the first time.(5)Since the intermediate level code (中级水平代码)is machine-like in character,but not in form ,it will normally vary with the machine for which the object code is being generated.(6)Intermediate code can be converted directly into the object language (目标语言)by the code generate.(7)Obviously code generation is highly machine-dependent.(8)When the object machine is altered ,the code generator(编译发生器)must be extensively revised.三、阅读理解(10题*2分)四、完形填空五、翻译(第七章重点考)。

计算机专业英语习题+答案

习题+答案2.1Write T or F to each statementT6. An asynchronous device is a clocked device.T7. A latch is an asynchronous device, because it functions at arbitrary times.T8. The repetition of clock pulse can vary from very low rate to very high rate.T9. A synchronous device changes its state only on the arrival of a clock pulse.F10. A clock input may occur at any time.T11. The clock pulses are used to synchronize all operations of the shift register.T13. A unidirectional shift register is capable of shifting in one direction only.F14. In a shift-left register the serial input determines what goes into the leftmost position during the shift register.F15. To provide parallel transfer capability some additional input and output lines should be provided to the shift register.Choose the best answer for each of the following1. How can the output of a logic gate be energized?CA By changing its inputs.B By remaining its inputs unchanged.C By meeting the specific input condition.D By giving a pulse.3. A NAND gate consists of D .A an OR gate followed by an inverterB an AND gate followed by an inverterC an AND gate followed by an OR gateD an inverter followed by an AND gate4. Under what condition is the output of a two-input XOR gate logic-high?BA Its inputs are simultaneously at the same logic level.B Its inputs are simultaneously at opposite logic levels.C Its inputs are logic-low.D its inputs are simultaneously logic-high.2.2Write T or F for each statementT 1. The CPU uses the input and output units to communicate with the outside world.F2. Main memory is sometimes called external memory.F3. After execution the program and the related files of data and files of information will be retained in the main memory for later use.F4. Personal computers have not the features of the larger system..T5. Large systems offer higher processing speeds for user and return more data than PCs. F6. CPUs all size have primary storage, arithmetic logic, and the control section.F7. The output device is the heart of any computer system.T8. The input/output devices and auxiliary storage units of a computer system are called peripherals.F9. The instrument of interpretation and communication between humans and computers system of all sizes is CPU.F10 Special purpose computers can adapted to many situation by giving them an appropriate program.F11 .A minicomputer is the smallest and least expensive type of computer.T12. A special purpose computer performs only one specific task and thus lacks versatility. T13. The larger the system the greater is its processing speed, storage capacity.T14. Mainframe computers are designed to process complex scientific application.T 9. The main memory in a general-purpose computer is made up of RAM integratedcircuit chip.\F 10. When the power is turned on, the program counter is set the first address of thebootstrap loader by the software of the computer.T 11. The read-write heads contact the surface of the floppy disks.T 12. The data on a particular track will be switched automatically onto a spare track by the computer before a catastrophic failure would occur.F 14. The read write heads stay on the same track continuously when the disk drive isWorkingF 16. The possible symbols in the binary numbering system are q to 9.F 17. The decimal value of 16 is represented in 4 bits BCD as 00010101.F 18. Alphanumeric versions of BCD commonly use 6,7or 8 bits to represent characters.F 19. A 6 bit alphanumeric code can represent 128 different characters.F 22. Eight bit codes are limited to representing 128 different characters.T23. An extra check (or parity ) bit is often added to each 6, 7, or 8 bit character represented in storage so that it will be possible to detect coding errors that may occur.T24. If a computer uses an odd parity format to detect errors in character codes, thenevery valid character code will always have an odd number of 1 bits.T25. Processor comes with a unique set of operations called an instruction set.F 26. In an instruction, operands specify the function to be performed.T 27. A processor's job is to retrieve instruction from memory and perform step bystep operations,3.3 True or FalseF1 All operating systems on various computers take the same size.F 2 All operating systems were written in a low level language.T3 The user can't use the computers at all if there is no operating system on the computers.F4 The operating system exists in the lowest layer of a computer.T5 The system calls are provided by the operating system.T 6 A computer's operational software defines the schedule of jobs awaiting execution.F7 Though an operating system can schedule the execution of jobs, it does not manage the availability of I/O devices.T 8 The IOCS component of an operating system controls I/O operations.T9 It is a major problem for the operating system to map the logical file concept onto physical storage devices such as magnetic tape or disk.F10 Files can only be direct access on a disk system.T 11 The logic structure and nomenclature of the different operating systems vary considerable.F12 The form of the system prompt is the same for every kind of operating system 13 You must boot the system, before you use a microcomputer.T14 Spooling is an approach to improving system performance by over aping the input of one job with the output of other jobs.T15 Multiprogramming allows time sharing.T1 6 When they first appeared, the microcomputers were provided with the operating system developed for computers.T17 By using the graphical user interface, what the users need to do is to "point and click" in order to accomplish their tasks.T18 The interface introduced by Windows is the object-oriented user interface.T 19.TMicrosoft failed in betting their future on Windows.Multiple Choice1 A computer's operating system is:Da resource managementb error recoveryc memory managementd all the above2 Which is the generalization of a two-level directory?Da cycle graph directory structureb a tree-structuredc batch systemd all the above3 Which system may have no time constrains?Ca real-time systemb time-share systemc batch systemd all the above4 The more popular micro operating system is:Da MS-DOSb CP/Mc UNIXd all the above5 What languages can be used to develop the operating systems ?Ca A machine language,b An assembly language.c A high level language,d all of the above.6 How does the operating system manage the resources of the computer?a It turns on or off the resources of the computer.b It makes them work together towards some common goals, or objectives.c It controls the way in which these resources are put to work.d It acts directly on the raw hardware.7 The function of an operating system is Da to drive the the raw hardware of the computerb to drive the resources of the computer in accordance with certain objectivesc to provide the higher layers of software with a simplified computerd all of the above11 The graphical user interface provides the users withA a simpler way to interact with their computersB a series of typed commandsC an intuitive sit of graphical icons that allowed the completion of common tasksD an intuitive set of graphical incons for users to "point and click" in order toaccomplish their tasks, so that they didn't have to remember arcane words andcommands anymore12 Windows resemble the Macintosh inA providing a GUI which is introduced by MacintoshB providing a limited means of multitaskingC providing a Windows interface just like the GUID allowing users to load multiple programs and have them run in thebackground while doing other work in a window in the foreground3.4 True or FalseF1 Flowcharting is used primarily for program design and rarely for systems design.T2 When programming in a procedure-oriented language, you should tell the computer'‘what to do' and 'how to do it'.T3 Assembler-level languages use mnemonics to represent instructions.T4 Machine language instructions are composed of a label, an opcode, and an operand.F5 Machine languages must be converted by a compiler to be used by the computer.F6 High-level languages require that programmers work with individual main storage locations.. 5T7 A compiler is translating program that converts high-level languages into machine language.T9 A flowchart loop indicates the repetitive performance of steeps to process data.T10 None of the computers consists of hardware only.F11 Programs written in high-level language can be executed by the computers without the help of a translator program~T13 Each symbolic instruction has one-to-one correspondence with the machine instruction.T14 Writing a program in a high-level language need not take account of the hardwareof the computer.T 15 The opode of an assembly language instruction specifies the operation that is to beperformed by the microprocessor.T 17 The mnemonic for the instruction is the symbolic representation of the actual binary code that the computer directly executes.T 18 A label is on the left of the assembly language statement.T 21 To enable the computer to solve an application problem programmers have to write programs in order to translate the application concepts into computerconcepts.T 22 A class is defined by grouping a user-defined type with all procedures and function that can be applied to it.T 23 The artificial intelligence research community did not agree with the concepts of object-oriented programming when in its early days.F24 Object-oriented programming languages are absolutely different from the LISP programming language.T 25 A program may produce incorrect output even if it runs OK.T 26 An error will occur if a program wants to use a deleted file.F 27 All the errors can be avoided.T 28 A warning will not terminate the program.T 29 Although we could not avoid all the runtime errors, we must take appropriate action when it happens.Match the following terms to the appropriate definition1 program2 programmer3 machine language4 assembler5 source6 object7 interpreter8 compilerA A computer program that translates an instruction into machine language, execute it, and then repeats the process for each instruction in a program until the program is finished.7B The set of statements that make up a computer program.5C A computer program that reads a high-level language instruction.8D A computer-specific set of primitive or elementary instructions that allows people to communicate with a particular computer.3E A set of instruction that tells a computer what to do.1F A program that translates an assembly-level language into machine language4.G Output from a compiler or assembler that is linked with other code to produce executable machine language code.6H A person who creates computer program.23.5True or falseT1 The program specifications are written by the software engineers.F2 Coding a program will consume most of programmer's time and effort.T 3 Programmers should use flowchart and other visual aids when they are designing routines.F4 The goal of the test phase of program development is to "prove" that a particular program has been completely debugged.T 5 More programmers maintain programs rather than code programs.T 6 A structured program is made up of several modules.T 7 "Branching" capability is one the most intriguing properties of a digital computer.。

计算机专业英语单词

计算机专业英语词汇指与计算机硬件、软件、⽹络等多⽅⾯有关的英语词汇,主要包括硬件基础、计算机系统维护、计算机⽹络基础、软件、程序设计语⾔、计算机⽹络技术、IT职场英语等词汇。

下⾯为⼤家带来计算机专业英语单词,快来看看吧。

计算机专业英语单词1-10 第⼀单元 Processor 处理机 Primary storage 主存储器 bit 位 hearsay 传说 CPU 中英处理器 control unit 控制部件 arithmetic and logic unit 算术逻辑部件 integral parts 不可缺的部件 tape and disk磁带和磁盘 DRAM动态随机存储器 SRAM静态随机存储器 Register 寄存器 a state of the art ⽬前⼯艺⽔平 chip 芯⽚ VDT 视频显⽰终端 secondary storage 辅助存储器 at a premium⾮常珍贵 reallocate 重新分配 capacity 容量 coaxial cable 同轴电缆 program and data 程序和数据 instruction 指令 location 单元 RAM随机存取存储器 Hardwired 硬连线 EPROM可擦可编程只读存储器 Cache ⾼速缓存 Throughput 吞吐量 read-mostly 以读为主 EEPROM电可擦编程ROM Nonvolatility ⾮易失性 Updatable 可修改的 in place 在适当的 地⽅ semiconductor 半导体 flash memory 闪存 functionality 功能 byte-level 字节级 be referred to as 称作 virtually 事实上 house 存放 expansion 扩充 peripheral 外围的 slot 插槽 power supply 电源 system board 系统板 storage bay 存储机架 floppy 软盘 第⼆单元 optical laser disk 光盘 laser beam激光束 score 刻痕 microscopic pit 微⼩的`凹点 light-sensitive 光敏感的 deflect 偏转 access arm存取臂 inviting 令⼈⼼动的 fluctuation 波动 emerge 显现 stabilize 稳定 gigabyte 千兆字节 cd 光盘 magneto-optical disk 磁光盘 entrepreneur 企业家 video 视频的 拓展阅读: A (Active-matrix)主动矩阵 (Adapter cards)适配卡 (Advanced application)⾼级应⽤ (Analytical graph)分析图表 (Analyze)分析 (Animations)动画 (Application software) 应⽤软件 (Arithmetic operations)算术运算 (Audio-output device)⾳频输出设备 (Access time)存取时间 (access)存取 (accuracy)准确性 (ad network cookies)⼴告⽹络信息记录软件 (administrator)管理员 (Add-ons)插件 (Address)地址 (Agents)代理 (Analog signals)模拟信号 (Applets)程序 (Asynchronous communications port)异步通信端⼝ (Attachment)附件 AGP(accelerated graphics port)加速图形接⼝ ALU (arithmetic-logic unit)算术逻辑单元 AAT(Average Access Time) 平均存取时间 ACL(Access Control Lists)访问控制表 ACK(acknowledgement character)确认字符 ACPI (Advanced Configuration and Power Interface)⾼级配置和电源接⼝ ADC(Analog to Digital Converter)模数转换器 ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)⾮对称⽤户数字线路 ADT(Abstract Data Type)抽象数据类型 AGP(Accelerated Graphics Port)图形加速端⼝ AI(Artif icial Intelligence)⼈⼯智能 AIFF(Audio Image File Format)声⾳图像⽂件格式 ALU(Arithmetic Logical Unit) 算术逻辑单元 AM(Amplitude Modulation)调幅 ANN(Artificial Neural Network)⼈⼯神经⽹络 ANSI(American National Standard Institute)美国国家标准协会 API(Application Programming Interface)应⽤程序设计接⼝ APPN(Advanced Peer-to-Peer Network)⾼级对等⽹络 ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)地址分辨/ 转换协议 ARPG(Action Role Playing Game)动作⾓⾊扮演游戏 ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)美国信息交换标准代码 ASP(Active Server Page)活动服务器⽹页 ASP(Application Service Provider)应⽤服务提供商 AST(Average Seek Time)平均访问时间 ATM(asynchronous transfer mode)异步传输模式 ATR (Automatic Target Recognition) ⾃动⽬标识别 AVI (Audio Video Interleaved)声⾳视频接⼝ B (Bar code)条形码 (Bar code reader)条形码读卡器 (Basic application)基础程序 (Binary coding schemes)⼆进制编码⽅案 (Binary system)⼆进制系统 (Bit)⽐特 (Browser)浏览器 (Bus line)总线 (Backup tape cartridge units)备份磁带盒单元 (Bandwidth)带宽 (Bluetooth)蓝⽛ (Broadband)宽带 (Bus)总线 B2B(Busines s to Business)商业机构对商业机构的电⼦商务 B2C(Business to Consumer)商业机构对消费者的电⼦商务 BBS(bulletin board system)电⼦公告牌系统 BER(Bit Error Rate)误码率 BFS (Breadth First Search) ⼴度优先搜索 BGP(Border Gateway Protocol)边缘⽹关协议 BIOS(basic input/output system)基本输⼊输出系统 BISDN(Broadband- Integrated Services Digital Network)宽带综合业务数字⽹ BLU(Basic Link Unit)基本链路单元 BOF(Beginning Of File)⽂件开头 BPS(Bits Per Second)每秒⽐特数 BRI(Basic Rate Interface)基本速率接⼝ BSP(Byte Stream Protocol)字节流协议 BSS(Broadband Switching System)宽带交换系统 C (Cables)连线 (Cell)单元箱 (Chain printer)链式打印机 (Character and recognition device)字符标识识别设备 (Chart)图表 (Chassis)⽀架 (Chip)芯⽚ (Clarity)清晰度 (Closed architecture)封闭式体系结构 (Column)列 (Combination key)结合键 (computer competency)计算机能⼒ (connectivity)连接,结点 (Continuous-speech recognition system)连续语⾔识别系统 (Control unit)操纵单元 (Cordless or wireless mouse)⽆线⿏标 (Cable modems)有线调制解调器 (Channel)信道 (Chat group)谈话群组 (Client)客户端 (Coaxial cable)同轴电缆 (cold site)冷⽹站 (Commerce servers)商业服务器 (Communication channel)信道 (Communication systems)信息系统 CD(Compact disc)光盘 (computer abuse amendments act of 19941994)计算机滥⽤法案 (computer crime)计算机犯罪 (computer ethics)计算机道德 (computer fraud and abuse act of 1986)计算机欺诈和滥⽤法案 (computer matching and privacy protection act of 1988)计算机查找和隐私保护法案 (Computer network)计算机⽹络 (computer support specialist)计算机⽀持专家 (computer technician)计算机技术⼈员 (computer trainer)计算机教师 (Connection device)连接设备 (Connectivity)连接 (cookies-cutter programs)信息记录截取程序 (cookies)信息记录程序 (cracker)解密⾼⼿ (Cyber cash)电⼦货币 (Cyberspace)计算机空间 (chart)图表 (closed architecture )封闭式体系结构 C2C(Consumer-to-consumer)个⼈对个⼈ CPU (central processing unit)中央处理器 CISC (complex instruction set computer)复杂指令集计算机 CRT( cathode-ray tube)阴极射线管 AD(Computer Aided Design)计算机辅助设计 CAE(Computer-Aided Engineering)计算机辅助⼯程 CAI(Computer Aided Instruction)计算机辅助教学 CAM(Computer Aided Manufacturing)计算机辅助管理 CASE(Computer Assisted Software Engineering)计算机辅助软件⼯程 CAT(Computer Aided Test)计算机辅助测试 CATV(Community Antenna Television)有线电视 CB(control bus)控制总线 CCP(Communication Control Procrssor)通信控制处理机 CD(Compact Disc)压缩光盘,只读光盘 CD-R(Compact Disc-Recordable)可录光盘,只写⼀次的光盘 CDFS(Compact Disk File System)密集磁盘⽂件系统 CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)码分多路访问 CD-MO(Compact Disc-Magneto Optical)磁光式光盘 CD-ROM(compact disc read-only memory)只读光盘 CD-RW(compact disc rewritable)可读写光盘 CGA(Color Graphics Adapter)彩⾊显⽰器 CGI(common gateway interface)公共⽹关接⼝ CI(Computational Intelligence)计算智能 CISC(Complex Instruction Set Computer) 复杂指令集计算机 CMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)互补⾦属氧化物半导体存储器 COM(Component object model)组件对象模型 CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture)公共对象请求代理结构 CPU(central proces sing unit)中央处理单元 CRC(cyclical redundancy check)循环冗余校验码 CRM(Client Relation Management)客户关系管理 CRT(Cathode-Ray Tube)阴极射线管,显⽰器 CSMA(Carrier Sense Multi -Access)载波侦听多路访问 CSU(Channel Service Unit)信道服务单元 CU(Control Unit)控制单元 D DB(Database)数据库 (database files)数据库⽂件 (Database manager)数据库管理 DBMS(Database manager system)数据库管理系统 (Data bus)数据总线 (Data projector)数码放映机 (Desktop system unit)台式电脑系统单元 (Destination file)⽬标⽂件 (Digital cameras)数码照相机 (Digital notebooks)数字笔记本 (Digital video camera)数码摄影机 (Discrete-speech recognition system)不连续语⾔识别系统 (Document)⽂档 (document files)⽂档⽂件 (Dot-matrix printer)点矩阵式打印机 (Dual-scan monitor)双向扫描显⽰器 (Dumb terminal)⾮智能终端 (data security)数据安全 (Data transmission specifications)数据传输说明 (database administrator)数据库管理员 (Data play)数字播放器 (Demodulation)解调 (denial of service attack)拒绝服务攻击 (Dial-up service)拨号服务 (Digital cash)数字现⾦ (Digital signals)数字信号 (Digital subscriber line)数字⽤户线路 (Digital versatile disc)数字化通⽤磁盘 (Digital video disc)数字化视频光盘 (Direct access)直接存取 (Directory search)⽬录搜索 (disaster recovery plan)灾难恢复计划 (Disk caching)磁盘驱动器⾼速缓存 (Diskette)磁盘 (Disk)磁碟 (Distributed data processing system)分部数据处理系统 (Distributed processing)分布处理 (Domain code)域代码 (Downloading)下载 DVD(Digital Versatile Disc)数字多功能光盘 DVD-R(DVD-Recordable)可写DVD DVD-RAM(DVD- Random Access Memory)DVD随机存取器 DNS(Domain name system)域名服务器 DAC(Digital to Analogue Converter)数模转换器 DAO(Data Access Object)数据访问对象 DAP(Directory Acces s Protocol)⽬录访问协议 DBMS(Database Management System)数据库管理系统 DCE(data communication equipment)数据通信设备 DCE(Distributed Computing Environment)分布式计算环境 DCOM(Distributed COM)分布式组件对象模型 DDB(Distributed DataBase)分布式数据库 DDE(Dynamic Data Exchange)动态数据交换 DDI(Device Driver Interface)设备驱动程序接⼝ DDK(Driver Development Kit)驱动程序开发⼯具包 DDN(Data Digital Network)数据数字⽹ DEC(Digital Equipment Corporation)数字设备公司 DES(Data Encryption Standard)数据加密标准 DFS(Depth First Search) 深度优先搜索 DFS(Distributed File System)分布式⽂件系统 DHCP(Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)动态主机配置协议 DIB(Dual Independent Bus)双独⽴总线 DIC(Digital Image Control)数字图像控制 DLC(Data Link Control)数据链路控制 DLL(Dynamic Link Library)动态链接库 DLT(Data Link Terminal)数据链路终端 DMA(Direct Memory Access)直接内存访问 DMSP(Distributed Mail System Protocol)分布式电⼦邮件系统协议 DNS(Domain Name System)域名系统 DOM(Document Object Mode)⽂档对象模型 DOS(Disk Operation System)磁盘操作系统 DQDB(Distributed Queue Dual Bus)分布式队列双总线 DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory)动态随机存取存储器 DSD(Direct Stream Digital)直接数字信号流 DSL(Digital Subscriber Line)数字⽤户线路 DSM(Distributed Shared Memory)分布式共享内存 DSP(Digital Signal Processing)数字信号处理 DTE(Data Terminal Equipment)数据终端设备 DVD(Digital Versatile Disc)数字多功能盘 DVD-ROM(DVD-Read Only Memory)计算机⽤只读光盘 DVI(Digital Video Interactive)数字视频交互 E (e-book)电⼦阅读器 (Expansion cards)扩展卡 (end user)终端⽤户 (e-cash)电⼦现⾦ (e-commerce)电⼦商务 (electronic cash)电⼦现⾦ (electronic commerce)电⼦商务 (electronic communications privacy act of1986)电⼦通信隐私法案 (encrypting)加密术 (energy star)能源之星 (Enterprise computing)企业计算化 (environment)环境 (Erasable optical disks)可擦除式光盘 (ergonomics)⼈类⼯程学 (ethics)道德规范 (External modem)外置调制解调器 (extranet)企业外部⽹ EC(Embedded Controller)嵌⼊式控制器 EDIF(Electronic Data Interchange Format)电⼦数据交换格式 EEPROM(Erasable and Electrically Programmable ROM)电擦除可编程只读存储器 EGA(Enhanced Graphics Adapter)彩⾊显⽰器,分辨率为 640×350 ,可以显⽰ 16 种颜⾊ EGP(External Gateway Protocol)外部⽹关协议 EISA(Extended Industry Standard Architecture)增强⼯业标准结构 EMS(Expanded Memory Specification)扩充存储器规范 EPH(Electronic payment Handler)电⼦⽀付处理系统 EPROM(Erasable Programmable ROM)可擦除可编程只读存储器 ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)企业资源计划 ETM(ExTended Memory)扩展存储器 F (Fax machine)传真机 (Field)域 (Find)搜索 (FireWire port)⽕线端⼝ (Firmware)固件 (Flash RAM)闪存 (Flatbed scanner)台式扫描器 (Flat-panel monitor)纯平显⽰器 (floppy disk)软盘 (Formatting toolbar)格式化⼯具条 (Formula)公式 (Forum)论坛 (Function)函数 (fair credit reporting act of 1970)公平信⽤报告法案 (Fiber-optic cable)光纤电缆 (File compression)⽂件压缩 (File decompression)⽂件解压缩 (filter)过滤 (firewall)防⽕墙 (firewall)防⽕墙 (Fixed disk)固定硬盘 (Flash memory)闪存 (Flexible disk)可折叠磁盘 (Floppies)磁盘 (Floppy-disk cartridge)磁盘盒 (Formatting)格式化 (freedom of information act of 1970)信息⾃由法案 (frequency)频率 (frustrated)受挫折 (Full-duplex communication)全双通通信 FAT(File Allocation Table)⽂件分配表 FCB(File Control Block)⽂件控制块 FCFS(First Come First Service)先到先服务 FCS(Frame Check Sequence)帧校验序列 FDD(Floppy Disk Device)软盘驱动器 FDDI(Fiber-optic Data Distribution Inter face)光纤数据分布接⼝ FDM(Frequency-Division Multiplexing)频分多路 FDMA(Frequency Division Multiple Address)频分多址 FEC(Forward Error Correction) 前向纠错 FEK(File Encryption Key)⽂件密钥 FEP(Front Ef fect Processor)前端处理机 FET(Field Effect Transistor)场效应晶体管 FIFO(First In First Out)先进先出 FM(Frequency Modulation)频率调制 FPU(Float Point Unit)浮点部件 FRC(Frame Rate Control)帧频控制 FTAM(File Transfer Access and Management)⽂件传输访问和管理 FTP(File Transfer Protocol)⽂件传输协议 G (General-purpose application)通⽤运⽤程序 (Gigahertz)千兆赫 (Graphic tablet)绘图板 (green pc)绿⾊个⼈计算机 (Group by) 排序 GAL(General Array Logic)通⽤逻辑阵列 GCR(Group-Coded Recording)成组编码记录 GDI(Graphics Device Interface)图形设备接⼝ GIF(Graphics Interchange Format)⼀种图⽚⽂件格式,图形转换格式 GIS(Geographic Information System)地理信息系统 GPI(Graphical Programming Interface)图形编程接⼝ GPIB(General Purpose Interface Bus)通⽤接⼝总线 GPS(Global Positioning System)全球定位系统 GSX(Graphics System Extension)图形系统扩展 GUI(Graphical User Interface)图形⽤户接⼝ H (handheld computer)⼿提电脑 (Hard copy)硬拷贝 (hard disk)硬盘 (hardware)硬件 (Help)帮助 (Host computer)主机 (Home page)主页 (Hyperlink)超链接 (hacker)⿊客 (Half-duplex communication)半双通通信 (Hard-disk cartridge)硬盘盒 (Hard-disk pack)硬盘组 (Head crash)磁头碰撞 (header)标题 (help desk specialist)帮助办公专家 (helper applications)帮助软件 (Hierarchical network)层次型⽹络 (history file)历史⽂件 (hits)匹配记录 (horizontal portal)横向⽤户 (hot site)热⽹站 (Hybrid network)混合⽹络 HPSB (high performance serial bus)⾼性能串⾏总线 HDTV(high-definition television)⾼清晰度电视 HDC(Hard Disk Control)硬盘控制器 HDD(Hard Disk Drive)硬盘驱动器 HDLC(High-level Data Link Control)⾼级数据链路控制 HEX(HEXadecimal)⼗六进制 HPFS(High Performance File System)⾼性能⽂件系统 HPSB(High Performance Serial Bus)⾼性能串⾏总线 HTML(Hyper Text Markup Language)超⽂本标记语⾔ HTTP(Hyper Text Transport Protocol)超⽂本传输协议 I (Image capturing device)图像获取设备 IT(information technology)信息技术 (Ink-jet printer)墨⽔喷射印刷机 (Integrated package)综合性组件 (Intelligent termina)l智能终端设备 (Intergrated circuit)集成电路 (implements )实现接⼝ (Interface cards)接⼝卡 (Internal modem)内部调制解调器 (internet telephony)⽹络电话 (internet terminal)互联⽹终端 (Identification)识别 (i-drive)⽹络硬盘驱动器 (illusion of anonymity)匿名幻想 (index search)索引搜索 (information pushers)信息推送器 (initializing )初始化 (instant messaging)计时信息 (internal hard disk)内置硬盘 (Internet hard drive) ⽹络硬盘驱动器 (intranet)企业内部⽹ ISA (industry standard architecture)⼯业标准结构体系 IRC(internet relay chat)互联⽹多线交谈 IAC(Inter-Application Communications)应⽤间通信 IC(Integrated Circuit)集成电路 ICMP(Internet Control Mes sage Protocol)因特⽹控制消息协议 ICP(Internet Content Provider)因特⽹内容服务提供商,是 ISP中提供信息服务的⼀种机构 IDC(International Development Center)国际开发中⼼ IDE(Integrated Development Environment)集成开发环境 IDL(Interface Definition Language)接⼝定义语⾔ IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineering)电⼦电器⼯程师协会 IGP(Interior Gateway Protocol)内部⽹关协议 IIS(Internet Information Service)因特⽹信息服务 IP(Internet Protocol)因特⽹协议 IPC(Inter-Process Communication)进程间通信 IPSE(Integrated Project Support Environments)集成⼯程⽀持环境 IPX(Internet Packer Exchitecture)互联⽹报⽂分组交换 ISA(Industry Standard Architecture)⼯业标准结构,是 IBM PC/ XT总线标准 ISDN(Integrated Service Digital Network)综合业务数字⽹ ISO(International Standard Organization)国际标准化组织 ISP(Internet Service Provider)因特⽹服务提供者 ITU(International Telecom Union)国际电信联盟 J (joystick)操纵杆 JDBC(Java Database Connectivity) J ava数据库互联 JPEG(Joint Photographic Experts Group)联合图⽚专家组 JSP(Java Server Page) Java 服务器页⾯技术 JVM(Java Virtual Machine)Java虚拟机 K (keyword search)关键字搜索 KB(Kilobyte)千字节 KBPS(Kilobits Per Second)每秒千⽐特 KMS(Knowledge Management System)知识管理系统 L (laser printer)激光打印机 (Layout files)版式⽂件 (Light pen)光笔 (Locate)定位 (Logical operations)逻辑运算 (Lands)凸⾯ (Line of sight communication)视影通信 (Low bandwidth)低带宽 (lurking)潜伏 LCD (liquid crystal display monitor)液晶显⽰器 LAN(Local Area Network)局域⽹ LBA(Logical Block Addressing)逻辑块寻址 LCD(Liquid Crystal Display)液晶显⽰器 LDT(Logic Design Translator)逻辑设计翻译程序 LED(Light Emitting Diode)发光⼆极管 LIFO(Last In First Out)后进先出 LP(Linear Programming)线性规划 LPC(Local Procedure Call)局部过程调⽤ LSIC(Large Scale Integration Circuit)⼤规模集成电路 M (Main board)主板 (Mark sensing)标志检测 (Mechanical mouse)机械⿏标 (Memory)内存 (Menu)菜单 (Menu bar)菜单栏 (Microprocessor)微处理器 (Microseconds)微秒 (Modem card)调制解调器 (Monitor)显⽰器 (Motherboard)主板 (Mouse) ⿏标 (Multifunctional device)多功能设备 (Magnetic tape reels)磁带卷 (Magnetic tape streamers)磁带条 (mailing list)邮件列表 (Medium band)媒质带宽 (metasearch engine)整合搜索引擎 (Microwave)微波 (Modem)解调器 (Modulation)解调 MAN(Metropolitan area network)城域⽹ MICR(magnetic-ink character recognition)磁墨⽔字符识别器 MAC(Medium Access Control)介质访问控制 MAN(Metropolitan Area Network)城域⽹ MBR(Master Boot Record)主引导记录 MC(Memory Card)存储卡⽚ MCA(Micro Channel Architecture)微通道结构 MDA(Monochrome Display Adapter)单⾊显⽰适配卡 MFM(Modified Frequency Modulation)改进调频制 MIB(Management Information Bass)管理信息库 MIDI(Musical Instrument Digital Interface) 乐器数字接⼝ MIMD(Multiple Instruction Stream,Multiple Data Stream)多指令流,多数据流 MIPS(Million Instructions Per Second)每秒百万条指令 MIS(Management Information System)管理信息系统 MISD(Multiple Instruction Stream,Single Data Stream)多指令流,单数据流 MMDS(Multi-channel Multipoint Distribution Service)多波段多点分发服务器 MMU(Memory Management Unit)内存管理单元 MPC(Multimedia PC)多媒体计算机 MPEG(Moving Picture Expert Group) ⼀种视频和⾳频的国际标准格式 MPLS(Multi-Protocol Label Switching)多协议标记交换 MPS(Micro Processor System)微处理器系列 MTBF(Mean Time Between Failures)平均故障间隔时间 MUD(Multiple User Dimension)多⽤户空间 N (Net PC)⽹络计算机 (Network adapter card)⽹卡 (Network personal computer)⽹络个⼈电脑 (Network terminal)⽹络终端 (Notebook computer)笔记本电脑 (Notebook system unit)笔记本系统单元 (Numeric entry)数字输⼊ (national information infrastructure protection act of1996)国际信息保护法案 (national service provider)全国性服务供应商 (Network architecture)⽹络体系结构 (Network bridge)⽹桥 (Network gateway)⽹关 (network manager)⽹络管理员 (newsgroup)新闻组 (no electronic theft act of1997)⽆电⼦盗窃法 (Node)节点 (Nonvolatile storage)⾮易失性存储 NOS(Network operation system)⽹络操作系统 NAOC(No-Account Over Clock)⽆效超频 NAT(Network Address Translation) ⽹络地址转换 NC(Network Computer)⽹络计算机 NDIS(Network Device Interface Speci fication)⽹络设备接⼝规范 NCM(Neural Cognitive Maps)神经元认知图 NFS(Network File System)⽹络⽂件系统 NIS(Network Information Services)⽹络信息服务 NNTP(Network News Transfer Protocol)⽹络新闻传输协议 NOC(Network Operations Center) ⽹络操作中⼼ NSP(Name Server Protocol)名字服务器协议 NTP(Network Time Protocol)⽹络时间协议 NUI(network user identification)⽹络⽤户标识 O (Object embedding)对象嵌⼊ (Object linking)⽬标链接 (Open architecture)开放式体系结构 OS(Operation System)操作系统 (Optical disk)光盘 (Optical mouse)光电⿏标 (Optical scanner)光电扫描仪 (Outline)⼤纲 (off-line browsers)离线浏览器 (Online storage)联机存储 OLE (object linking and embedding)对象链接⼊ OCR(optical-character recognition)字符识别器 OMR(optical-mark recognition)光标阅读器 OA(Of f ice Automation)办公⾃动化 OCR(Optical Character Recognition)光学字符识别 ODBC(Open Database Connectivity)开放式数据库互联 ODI(Open Data- link Interface)开放式数据链路接⼝ OEM(Original Equipment Manufactures)原始设备制造⼚家 OLE(Object Linking and Embedding)对象链接与嵌⼊ OMG(Object Management Group)对象管理组织 OMR(Optical-Mark Recognition)光标阅读器 OOM(Object Oriented Method)⾯向对象⽅法 OOP(Object Oriented Programming)⾯向对象程序设计 ORB(Object Request Broker)对象请求代理 OS(Operating System)操作系统 OSI(Open System Interconnect Reference Model)开放式系统互联参考模型 OSPF(Open Shortest Path First)开发最短路径优先 P (palmtop computer)掌上电脑 (Parallel ports)并⾏端⼝ (Passive-matrix)被动矩阵 (PC card)个⼈计算机卡 (Personal laser printer)个⼈激光打印机 (Personal video recorder card)个⼈视频记录卡 (Photo printer)照⽚打印机 (Pixel)像素 (Platform scanner)平版式扫描仪 (Plotter)绘图仪 (Plug and play)即插即⽤ (Plug-in boards)插件卡 (Pointer)指⽰器 (Pointing stick)指⽰棍 (Port)端⼝ (Portable scanner)便携式扫描仪 (Presentation files)演⽰⽂稿 (Presentation graphics)电⼦⽂稿程序 (Primary storage)主存 (Procedures)规程 (Processor)处理机 (Programming control language)程序控制语⾔ (Packets)数据包 (Parallel data transmission)平⾏数据传输 (Peer-to-peer network system点)对点⽹络系统 (person-person auction site)个⼈对个⼈拍卖站点 (physical security)物理安全 (Pits)凹⾯ (plug-in)插件程序 (privacy )隐私权 (proactive )主动地 (programmer)程序员 (Protocols)协议 (provider)供应商 (project )项⽬⼯程 (proxy server)代理服务 (pull products)推取程序 (push products)推送程序 PDA(personal digital assistant)个⼈数字助理 PCI(peripheral component interconnect)外部设备互连总线 PCMCIA (Personal Memory Card International Association)个⼈计算机存储卡国际协会 PBX(Private Branch Exchange)⽤户级交换机 PC(Personal Computer)个⼈计算机 PCB(Process Control Block)进程控制块 PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)外部连接互联,是⼀种局部总线 PCM(Pulse Code Modulation)脉冲编码调制 PCS(Personal Communications Service) 个⼈通信业务 PDA(Personal Digital As sistant)个⼈数字助理 PDF(Portable Document Format)便携式⽂档格式 PDN(Public Data Network)公共数据⽹ PHP(Personal Home Page)个⼈⽹页 PIB(Programmable Input Buffer)可编程输⼊缓冲区 PMMU(Paged Memory Management Unit)页⾯存储管理单元 POP(Post Of f ice Protocol)邮局协议 POST(Power-On Self -Test)加电⾃检 PPP(Peer-Peer Protocol)端对端协议 PPP(Point to Point Protocol)点到点协议 PPSN(Public Packed-Switched Network)公⽤分组交换⽹ PR(Performance Rate)性能⽐率 PROM(Programmable ROM)可编程只读存储器 PSN(Processor Serial Number)处理器序列号 Q QC(Quality Control)质量控制 QLP(Query Language Proces sor)查询语⾔处理器 QoS(Quality of Service)服务质量 R (RAM cache)随机⾼速缓冲器 (Range)范围 (Record)记录 (Relational database)关系数据库 (Replace)替换 (Resolution)分辨率 (Row)⾏ (Read-only)只读 (Reformatting)重组 (regional service provider)区域性服务供应商 (reverse directory)反向⽬录 (right to financial privacy act of 1979)财产隐私法案 (Ring network)环形⽹ RAD(Rapid Application Development)快速应⽤开发 RAI(Remote Application Interface)远程应⽤程序界⾯ RAID(Redundant Array Independent Disk) 冗余列阵磁盘机 RARP(Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)反向地址解析协议 RAM(Random Acces s Memory)随机存储器 RAM(Real Address Mode)实地址模式 RAID(Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks)冗余磁盘阵列技术 RAS(Remote Access Service)远程访问服务 RCP(Remote CoPy)远程复制 RDA(Remote Data Access)远程数据访问 RDO (Remote Data Objects) 远程数据对象 RF(Radio Frequency) 射频,⽆线电频率 RIP(Raster Image Protocol)光栅图像处理器 RIP(Routing Information Protocol)路由选择信息协议 RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer)精简指令集计算机 ROM(Read Only Memory)只读存储器 RPC(Remote Procedure Call)远程过程调⽤ RPG(Role Play Games)⾓⾊扮演游戏 RPM(Revolutions Per Minute)转/分 RTS(Request To Send)请求发送 RTSP(Real Time Streaming Protocol) 实时流协议 S (Scanner)扫描器 (Search)查找 (Secondary storage device)辅助存储设备 (Semiconductor)半导体 (Serial ports)串⾏端⼝ (Server)服务器 (Shared laser printer)共享激光打印机 (shakedown test )调试 (Sheet)表格 (Silicon chip)硅⽚ (Slots)插槽 (Smart card)智能卡 (Soft copy)软拷贝 (Software suite)软件协议 (Sorting)排序 (Source file)源⽂件 (Special-purpose application)专⽤⽂件 (Spreadsheet)电⼦数据表 (Standard toolbar)标准⼯具栏 (Supercomputer)巨型机 (System )系统 (System cabinet )系统箱 (System clock)时钟 (System software)系统软件 (Satellite/air connection services)卫星⽆线连接服务 (search engines)搜索引擎 (search providers)搜索供应者 (search services )搜索服务器 (Sectors)扇区 (security)安全 (Sending and receiving devices)发送接收设备 (Sequential access)顺序存取 (Serial data transmission)单向通信 (signature line)签名档 (snoopware)监控软件 (software copyright act of1980)软件版权法案 (software piracy)软件盗版 (Solid-state storage)固态存储器 (specialized search engine)专⽤搜索引擎 (spiders)⽹页爬⾍ (spike)尖峰电压 (Star network)星型⽹ (Strategy)⽅案 (subject)主题 (subscription address)预定地址 (Superdisk)超级磁盘 (surfing)⽹上冲浪 (surgeprotector)浪涌保护器 (systems analyst)系统分析师... SACL(System Access Control List) 系统访问控制列表 SAF(Store And Forward)存储转发 SAP(Service Acces s Point)服务访问点 SCSI(Small Computer System Interface)⼩型计算机系统接⼝ SDLC(Synchronous Data Link Control)同步数据链路控制 SGML(Standard Generalized Markup Language)标准通⽤标记语⾔ SHTTP(Secure Hype Text Transfer Protocol)安全超⽂本传递协议 SMP(Symmetric Multi-Processor)对称式多处理器 SMTP(Simple Mail Transport Protocol)简单邮件传输协议 SNA(System Network Architecture)系统⽹络结构 SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol)简单⽹络管理协议 SNR(Signal Noise Ratio)信噪⽐ SNTP(Simple Network Time Protocol)简单⽹络时间协议 SONC(System On a Chip)系统集成芯⽚ SONET(Synchronous Optic Network)同步光纤⽹ SPC(Stored-Program Control)存储程序控制 SQL(Structured Query Language)结构化查询语⾔ SRAM(Static Random Access Memory)静态随机存储器 SRPG(Strategies Role Play Games) 战略⾓⾊扮演游戏 SSL(Secure Sockets Layer)安全套接层 STDM(Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing)同步时分复⽤ STG(Shoot Game)射击类游戏 STP(Shielded Twisted-Pair)屏蔽双绞线 SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) 超级视频图形阵列 T (Table)⼆维表 (Telephony)电话学 (Television boards)电视扩展卡 (Terminal) 终端 (Template)模板 (Text entry)⽂本输⼊ (Thermal printer )热印刷 (Thin client)瘦客 (Toggle key)触发键 (Toolbar)⼯具栏 (Touch screen)触摸屏 (Trackball)球 (TV tuner card)电视调谐卡 (Two-state system))双状态系统 (technical writer)技术协作者 (technostress)重压技术 (telnet)远程登录 (Time-sharing system)分时系统 (Topology)拓扑结构 (Tracks)磁道 (traditional cookies)传统的信息记录程序 (Twisted pair)双绞 TCB(Transmission Control Block)传输控制块 TCP(Transmis sion Control Protocol)传输控制协议 TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)传输控制协议/ ⽹间协议 TDM(Time Division Multiplexing)时分多路复⽤ TDMA(Time Division Multiplexing Address)时分多址技术 TDR(Time-Domain Reflectometer)时间域反射测试仪 TFT(Thin Film Transistor Monitor)薄膜晶体管显⽰器 TFTP(Trivial File Transfer Protocol)简单⽂件传送协议 TIFF(Tag Image File Format)标记图形⽂件格式 TIG(Task Interaction Graph)任务交互图 TLI(Transport Layer Interface)传输层接⼝ TM(Traffic Management)业务量管理,流量管理 TPS(Transactions Per Second)(系统)每秒可处理的交易数 TSR(Terminate and Stay Resident)终⽌并驻留 TTL(Transistor-Transistor Logic)晶体管—晶体管逻辑电路 TWX(Teletypewriter Exchange)电传电报交换机 U (Unicode)统⼀字符标准 (uploading)上传 (usenet)世界性新闻组⽹络 UART(Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter)通⽤异步收发器 UDF(Universal Disk Format)通⽤磁盘格式 UDP(User Datagram Protocol)⽤户数据报协议 UHF(Ultra High Frequency)超⾼频 UI(User Interface)⽤户界⾯,⽤户接⼝ UIMS(User Interface Management System)⽤户接⼝管理程序 UNI(User Network Interface)⽤户⽹络接⼝ UPA(Ultra Port Architecture)超级端⼝结构 UPS(Uninterruptible Power Supply)不间断电源 URI(Uniform Resource Identi fier)环球资源标识符 URL(Uniform Resource Locator)统⼀资源定位器 USB(Universal Serial Bus)通⽤串⾏总线 UTP(Unshielded Twisted-Pair)⾮屏蔽双绞线 UXGA(Ultra Extended Graphics Array)超强图形阵列 V (Virtual memory)虚拟内存 (Video display screen)视频显⽰屏 (Voice recognition system)声⾳识别系统 (vertical portal)纵向门户 (video privacy protection act of 1988)视频隐私权保护法案 (virus checker)病毒检测程序 (virus)病毒 (Voiceband)⾳频带宽 (Volatile storage)易失性存储 (voltage surge)电涌 VAD(Virtual Addres s Descriptors)虚拟地址描述符 VAGP(Variable Aperature Grille Pitch) 可变间距光栅 VAN(Value Added Network)增值⽹络 VAP(Value-Added Process)增值处理 VAS(Value-Added Server)增值服务 VAX(Virtual Address eXtension)虚拟地址扩充 VBR(Variable Bit Rate)可变⽐特率 VC(Virtual Circuit)虚拟线路 VCPI(Virtual Control Program Interface)虚拟控制程序接⼝ VDD(Virtual Device Driver s)虚拟设备驱动程序 VDR(Video Disc Recorder)光盘录像机 VDT(Video Display Terminals)视频显⽰终端 VDU(Visual Display Unit)视频显⽰单元 VFS(Virtual File System)虚拟⽂件系统 VGA(Video Graphics Adapter)视频图形适配器 VIS(Video Information System)视频信息系统 VLAN(Virtual LAN)虚拟局域⽹ VLIW(Very Long Instruction Word)超长指令字 VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration)超⼤规模集成 VMS(Virtual Memory System)虚拟存储系统 VOD(Video On Demand)视频点播系统 VON(Voice On Net)⽹上通话 VR(Virtual Reality)虚拟现实 VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language)虚拟现实建模语⾔ VRR(Vertical Refresh Rate)垂直刷新率 VTP(Virtual Terminal Protocol)虚拟终端协议 W (Wand reader )条形码读⼊ (Web )⽹络 (Web appliance )环球⽹设备 (Web page)⽹页 (Web site address)⽹络地址 (Web terminal)环球⽹终端 (Webcam)摄像头 (What-if analysis)假定分析 (Wireless revolution)⽆线⾰命 (Word)字长 (Word processing)⽂字处理 (Word wrap)⾃动换⾏ (Worksheet file) ⼯作⽂件 (web auctions)⽹上拍卖 (web broadcasters)⽹络⼴播 (web portals)门户⽹站 (web sites)⽹站 (web storefront creation packages)⽹上商店创建包 (web storefronts)⽹上商店 (web utilities)⽹上应⽤程序 (web-downloading utilities)⽹页下载应⽤程序 (webmaster web)站点管理员 (web)万维⽹ (Wireless modems)⽆线调制解调器 (wireless service provider)⽆线服务供应商 WWW(world wide web)万维⽹ (worm)蠕⾍病毒 (Write-protect notch)写保护⼝ WAN(Wide area network)⼴域⽹ (Web server)Web 服务器 (well-connected )连接良好 (well-known services )公认的服务。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

中央广播电视大学2001—2002学年度第一学期“开放专科”期末考试 计算机专业英语(2)试题 2002年1月 Ⅰ.在本题中,你将听到9个简短的对话,在每个对话后还将听到一个有关对话的问题(问题同时写在试卷上)。对话只放一遍。你必须在录音留出的空白时间内从所给的四个选择中找出最佳答案,并把答案写在答题纸上。(9分)

1. Question: What is the relationship between the two speakers? A. Boss and worker. B. Father and daughter. C. Friends to each ofther. D. Strangers to each other 2. Question: Where do you think they are? A. At home. B. At an office. C. At the cinema. D. In a hospital 3. Question: What are they talking about7 A. About travel. B. About shopping. C. About a film. D. About a book. 4. Question: What meal are they talking about A. A meal at their own home. B. A meal at their friend's home C. A meal at a restaurant. D. A meal at their workplace. 5. Question: Who do you think 'the two speakers most probably are? A. Doctors. B. Policemen. C. Secretaries. D. Students. 6. Question: Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In an office. B. In the street. C. In a restaurant. D. In a department store. 7. Question: What is the number? A. 28354 B. 23385 C. 25833 D. 28335 8. Question: How old is the second speaker? A. She is 30. B. She is 28 C. She is 20. D. She is 18 9. Question: How many places did the woman visit? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.

Ⅱ.在本题中,你将听到一段对话(A)和一段短文(B)。每段各放两遍。针对每段内容,试卷上分别提出了三个问题。从所给的选择中找出问题的最佳答案,并将答案写在答题纸上。先听A段并做相应的三个题,然后再听B段并做相应的三个题。(6分)

A 10. The man was taken to tourist spot (s) in Xi'an A. every B. a few C. several D. five 11. The man arrived in Xi'an on . A. Sunday B. Saturday C. Monday D. Friday 12. The man was taken to a hotel . A. in Banpo Village B. near the Bell Tower C. in the centre of Xi'an D. outside Xi'an B 13. The man stopped in Teneriffe on his way . A. to Africa B. to Britain C. to Asia D. to America 14. How many hours did it take for them to find the dog? A. One hour. B. Two hours. C. Three hours. D. It doesn't mention. 15. The ship was to sail again . A. early that evening B. late that evening C. early the next morning D. late the next morning

Ⅲ.从每题的A、B、C和D中选择一个最佳答案。把答案写在答题纸上。(10分) 16. I think I have to you of what you did to us last time. You can't do it again. A. inform B. remind C. repeat D. report 17. She is the woman he dislikes and most. A. scares B. frightens C. fears D. is afraid 18. I everywhere in the room, but it wasn't there. A. looked at B. found C. searched D. saw 19. It is no use to about what has happened. A. bother B. trouble C. interrupt D. interest 20. The company is going to an agency in this city next month. A. set up B. set off C. get up D. get off 21. Sally Jones always that her teacher is a brilliant thinker. A. keeps B. protects C. repairs D. maintains 22. Zhang Ming to take a group of us to the Great Wall. A. gave B. provided C. afforded D. offered 23. He is very on ancient Chinese history. A. good B. keen C. fond D. concerned 24. At the interview, I was told that my would be 3500 dollars every month for the first year if I took the job.

A. income B. money C. earning D. salary 25. You can easily get a guide to take you round the of London. A. scenery B. spots C. sights D. view Ⅳ.仔细阅读下列各句。找出每句的错误项并将其相应的字母写到答题纸上。每题只有一处错。(10分)

26. Do you know where Jim is ? I looked for him for two hours! A B C D 27. They said they enjoyed to see the film very much and they wanted to see it again. A B C D 28. There was few furniture in the room, only a chair and a bed. A B C D 29. They worked such hard that the boss gave them an extra pay for that day. A B C D 30. My opinion is whether we should start our work without any delay. A B C D 31. I heard the door opened, but no one was there when I went and had a look. A B C D 32. People generally agree that printing introduced into Europe from China. A B C D 33. Why didn't you have a look at it, it says the dress must wash in cold A B C water only. D 34. It is a honour for me to be invited to attend the meeting. A B C D 35. That's how I told you last time when you failed to come on time. Now A B C you are late again! D

Ⅴ.仔细阅读下列短文,并根据短文内容回答问题。把相应的题号写在答题纸上。(30分) Passage 1 Yesterday morning Paul said to himself, "I 'ye got to write that economics paper (经济学论文) today, if I don't do anything else, I've got to write that paper."

He sat down at his desk and put a sheet of paper into his typewriter. He looked out of the window, ate a piece of candy (糖块) , got up to get a drink of water, brushed his teeth, and sat down at his desk again.

"I haven't written to my family since Thanksgiving (感恩节) , "he said to himself. "I’ll write them a letter first."

相关文档
最新文档