When Good People Do Evil
激励人的英语谚语
激励人的英语谚语导读：1、马瘦腿不软，人穷志不短。
Horses are not weak in legs, and people are not short in ambition.2、希望，只有和勤奋作伴，才能如虎添翼。
Hope, only with diligent companionship, can we add wings like a tiger.3、任凭风浪起，稳坐钓鱼台。
Let the wind and waves rise, sit on the fishing platform steadily.4、有所成就是人生唯一的真正乐趣。
Achievement is the only real pleasure in life.5、最困难之时，就是我们离成功不远之日。
The most difficult time is when we are not far from success.6、善学者，假人之长以补其短。
A good scholar is a dummy to make up for his shortcomings.7、失之毫厘，差之千里。
The difference is thousands of miles.8、竹贵有节，人贵有志。
Bamboo is precious, people are precious and ambitious.9、不读书的人，思想就会停止。
Those who do not read will stop thinking.10、躺在被窝里的人，并不感到太阳的温暖。
People lying in bed do not feel the warmth of the sun.11、有很多人是用青春的幸福作了成功的代价。
Many people pay the price of success with the happiness of youth.12、千锤成利器，百炼成纯钢。
英语的小故事(必备16篇)
英语的小故事（必备16篇）英语的小故事第1篇Once upon a time很久以前there was a single banana tree in the在这片森林里面有一棵唯一的香蕉树。
Two bunches of bananas were on the banana香蕉树上有两串香蕉。
There were three children from a有三个来自山村的孩子。
They were watching the bananas他们正在观察香蕉的成长。
There were four monkeys from the有四只来自这片森林的猴子。
They were watching the bananas他们正在观察香蕉的成长。
The children looked at the bananas at five o’clock in the afternoon孩子们在每一天下午六点钟看香蕉。
The monkeys looked at the bananas at six o’clock in the morning 猴子们在每一天早上六点钟看香蕉。
The three children and the four monkeys were very Soon the bananas would be ready to这三个孩子和这四只猴子非常兴奋。
很快香蕉就快能吃了。
All seven of them wanted to eat the他们全部七个人都想吃香蕉。
One evening the children ran to the banana一天傍晚孩子们跑到香蕉树。
There were eight colorful butterflies sitting on the 八只色彩鲜艳的蝴蝶正落在香蕉上。
The bananas were almost香蕉差不多成黄颜色了。
“Let’s eat the bananas ”“现在让我们吃香蕉。
善良与邪恶的英语作文加例子
善良与邪恶的英语作文加例子英文回答：Good and evil are two fundamental concepts that have been debated and discussed throughout history. They are often seen as opposites, with good representing virtue, morality, and kindness, while evil represents vice, immorality, and cruelty. However, the line between good and evil is not always clear-cut, and there are many shades of gray in between.One of the most common ways to define good and evil is through the concept of utilitarianism. Utilitarianism holds that the best action is the one that produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people. Thisdefinition of good is based on the idea that the purpose of morality is to promote happiness and well-being.Another way to define good and evil is through the concept of deontology. Deontology holds that the rightnessor wrongness of an action is determined by its intrinsic qualities, regardless of its consequences. This definition of good is based on the idea that there are certain moral principles that are universally binding, and that these principles should be followed regardless of the outcome.There are many different theories about the nature of good and evil. Some people believe that good and evil are objective realities, while others believe that they are subjective concepts that vary from person to person. There is also debate about whether or not good and evil are inherent qualities of human nature, or whether they are learned through experience.Ultimately, the question of what is good and what is evil is a complex one that has no easy answers. However, by understanding the different ways in which these concepts have been defined and debated, we can gain a better understanding of the moral choices we make and the values that guide our lives.中文回答：善与恶是贯穿历史始终被争论和讨论的两个基本概念。
2024年英语专八练习阅读测试题及答案
[D] it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil
[D] 好人应该远离邪恶
2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,_____________.
[B]小城镇的人坚守老的纪律和标准
[C] today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty
[C]现代社会缺少对于困境中的人的同情
[D] people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities
[C] 罪犯本人应该为此负责
[D] the standards of living should be improved
[D] 生活水平应该提高
3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have________.
3. 和小城镇相比，大城市的人________。
[C] 对人们的行为应该加以更多控制
[D] more people should accept the value of accountability
[D] 更多人应该接受“责任感”这一价值观
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[A] 学校和家庭中应该保持更严格的纪律
[B] more good examples should be set for people to follow
[B] 应该为人们树立更多学习榜样
善良与邪恶的英语作文论点
善良与邪恶的英语作文论点英文回答：The concepts of good and evil have been debated by philosophers and theologians for centuries, with no definitive consensus reached. However, one common view is that good and evil are inherent qualities within every human being, and that the struggle between the two is an essential part of the human experience.From a psychological perspective, good and evil can be seen as opposite ends of a continuum, with most people falling somewhere in between. The human mind is capable of great acts of compassion, empathy, and love, but it is also capable of great cruelty, selfishness, and hatred. The question of which side of this continuum we choose to embrace is a fundamental one that shapes our lives and the world around us.There is no simple answer to the question of what isgood and what is evil. Different cultures and religionshave different moral codes, and what is considered good in one society may be considered evil in another. However,there are certain universal values that most people would agree are good, such as honesty, compassion, and justice, and certain universal values that most people would agree are evil, such as violence, theft, and murder.Ultimately, the choice between good and evil is a personal one. Each of us must decide for ourselves what we believe is right and wrong, and how we will live our lives accordingly. There is no easy path, but the struggle to do good is one that is worth fighting for.中文回答：善与恶的概念几个世纪以来一直是哲学家和神学家争论的焦点，但尚未达成明确的共识。
慈善的英语名言
慈善的英语名言1、众善奉行，诸恶莫做。
The kind pursues, the evil do.2、慈心为民，善举济世。
With compassion for the people, good and helpful.3、善乃是人格的一种实现。
Good personality is a kind of implementation.4、人类的温暖也可以治病。
The warmth of human can cure.5、急难救人，一善可当百善。
A good save trouble, can be as a charity.6、滴水穿坚石，爱心美天下。
Drop in flint, love the world.7、赠人以玫瑰，手中留余香。
Give a person with a rose, hand stay lingering fragrance.8、善是由外来，名不以虚作。
Good is from outside, not to make.9、只能善行才会给你带来声誉。
Can only will bring you a good reputation.10、慈善是高尚人格的真实标记。
Charity is the noble personality real sign.11、生的人远比死的人更须要慈善。
Born of far more than the dead need to charity.12、慈悲没有敌人，智慧不起烦恼。
Compassion have no enemies; wisdom no vexations.13、亲善产生幸福，文明带来和谐。
Goodwill produce happiness, civilization brings harmony.14、鸟需巢，蛛需网，人需要爱心。
The bird a nest, the spider web, people need love.15、真正的慈善是神灵培植的作物。
勿以善小而不为,勿以恶小而为之的英语
勿以善小而不为,勿以恶小而为之的英语“勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之”可以翻译为"Do not fail to do good even if it's small; do not engage in evil even if it's minor."英语释义：This phrase emphasizes that one should not overlook the opportunity to perform good deeds no matter how insignificant they may seem, and should avoid committing bad deeds no matter how minor they may appear.相关短语：1. perform good deeds 做好事2. engage in evil 作恶3. overlook the opportunity 错过机会相关单词：1. minor 较小的；次要的2. insignificant 微不足道的；无足轻重的3. emphasize 强调；着重用法：1. 这句话常用于劝诫人们要注重道德行为，不论事情的大小。
2. 可以在论述道德、品德相关的文章或演讲中引用。
双语例句：1. "勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之"是我们应该时刻铭记的道德准则。
"Do not fail to do good even if it's small; do not engage in evil even if it's minor." is a moral principle that we should always keep in mind.2. 我们要牢记“勿以善小而不为，勿以恶小而为之”，从点滴做起，培养良好的品德。
托福听力tpo57 全套对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
托福听力tpo57 全套对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文Section 1 (1)Conversation1 (1)原文 (1)题目 (3)答案 (5)译文 (5)Lecture1 (6)原文 (6)题目 (8)答案 (9)译文 (10)Lecture2 (11)原文 (11)题目 (13)答案 (15)译文 (15)Section 2 (17)Conversation2 (17)原文 (17)题目 (19)答案 (20)译文 (20)Lecture3 (22)原文 (22)题目 (24)答案 (26)译文 (26)Section 1Conversation1原文NARRATOR: Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.FEMALE PROFESSOR: Hi Eric, how are things going?MALE STUDENT: Oh, I’m really busy with my workload. Some professors assign so much reading that…It’s like they think we have no other homework.FEMALE PROFESSOR: One of the most important things you’ll learn in college is how to manage your time. How to, you know, prioritize. When to say no to a social engagement if you have a paper due, that sort of thing.MALE STUDENT: I guess so.FEMALE PROFESSOR: So, how are you finding the material we’re covering in class? MALE STUDENT: I’ve actually come to talk to you about it. I have a six-month-old niece, so I find early childhood development really interesting. Piaget—that Swiss psychologist you told us about—his development theory is really cool.FEMALE PROFESSOR: Yes—his theory that cognitive development in children occurs in four stages that you can, ah, actually observe.MALE STUDENT: Yeah, um, so my niece, she’s in the, um, sen-sor-i-motor stage now, right at the part where she thinks things disappear when they’re out of sight. FEMALE PROFESSOR: Very good. She probably won’t understand that objects continue to exist even when they’re out of sight until she’s a month or so older. MALE STUDENT: Yeah. Yesterday, we were knocking a little ball around, and it rolled under the couch. She immediately lost interest and reached for something else. FEMALE PROFESSOR: Because to her, the ball ceased to exist.MALE STUDENT: Yeah. I’ve actually been taking notes on her behavior because I’d like to write my term paper about her, if it’s OK with you.FEMALE PROFESSOR: Your term paper?MALE STUDENT: Yeah, I’d like to do a case study or something. Piaget watched his kids and, like, changed the whole world of psychology.FEMALE PROFESSOR: Wait a minute. Piaget didn’t just observe his own children. Hedid exhaustive research over thirty years to develop and test his theory. And anyway, your assignment isn’t to do a study; it’s to research the literature on a particular psychological topic and write about it. And I gave you a list of suggested topics to choose from.MALE STUDENT: Well, what if I researched something like: Is it possible to speed up, uh, cognitive development? Like, if I reached under the couch to get the ball while she watched me, would she learn earlier that objects don’t disappear? Or can’t six-month-old babies think that way yet?FEMALE PROFESSOR: Uh, umm…I do applaud your initiative, Eric. However, I sincerely doubt you could get any kind of valid or meaningful information from such an experiment.MALE STUDENT: But I already put so much time into watching my niece.FEMALE PROFESSOR: Remember, this is only a freshman psychology class. You aren’t trained in carrying out an original research project. I wish you had come to me earlier, but, you know, there’s still some time before the due date. I suggest that you recheck the list of topics. At least one of them relates to cognitive development. Then come see me again if you have any questions.MALE STUDENT: OK.题目1.Why does the student go to see the professor?A. To request an extension of the due date of his term paperB. To ask about a theory he did not understand in classC. To discuss an idea for his term paper projectD. To get advice on how to prioritize his work2.Why does the student mention a particular stage in early childhood development?A. To show that his niece learns faster than other children in that stageB. To show that his niece displays behavior appropriate for that stageC. To point out that he does not agree with Piaget’s theory about that stageD. To point out that he does not fully understand how that stage can be observed3.Why does the professor discuss Piaget’s research method?A. To suggest that the student use the same methodB. To provide a criticism of Piaget’s theoryC. To supplement information provided in classD. To clarify the student’s assumption about what Piaget did4.Why does the professor reject the student’s proposal to write about his niece?[Click on 2 answers.]A. The proposal does not fulfill the requirements of the assignment.B. The proposal does not take Piaget’s theory into consideration.C. The student’s niece is too young to display the behaviors identified by Piaget.D. The student does not have sufficient training to conduct a worthwhile experiment.5.Why does the professor says this:would she learn earlier that objects don’t disappear? Or can’t six-month-old babies think that way yet?FEMALE PROFESSOR: Uh, umm…I do applaud your initiative, Eric.A. She does not have time to answer the student’s questions.B. She does not want to hurt the student’s feelings.C. She is pleased that the student thought of an original research project.D. She is impressed with the student’s understanding of the class material.答案C BD AD B译文旁白：听学生和教授之间的对话。
善恶之争概括英文作文
善恶之争概括英文作文英文：The debate between good and evil has been a topic of discussion for centuries. People have different opinions on what is considered good and what is considered evil. Some believe that good and evil are subjective and can vary from person to person, while others believe that there are universal standards for good and evil.In my opinion, the concept of good and evil is subjective to some extent. What is considered good in one culture may be considered evil in another. For example, in some cultures, it is seen as good to be outspoken and assertive, while in others, it is seen as rude and disrespectful. Similarly, some people believe that stealing is evil, while others may steal out of necessity and see it as a means of survival.On the other hand, there are certain actions that areuniversally considered evil, such as murder and cruelty. These actions are not dependent on cultural or individual perspectives and are generally condemned by society as a whole.It is also important to consider the intentions behind an action when determining whether it is good or evil. For example, if someone lies to protect a loved one, their intention may be good, even though the action of lying is generally considered to be wrong.Ultimately, the debate between good and evil is complex and multifaceted. It is influenced by cultural, societal, and individual perspectives, as well as the intentions behind actions. While there may not be a definitive answer, it is important to consider the context and motivations behind actions when evaluating whether they are good or evil.中文：善恶之争是一个讨论了几个世纪的话题。
拉美西斯二世的英文名言
拉美西斯二世的英文名言1.The only true wisdom is in knowing you know nothing.2.To find yourself, think for yourself.3.In a democracy, who is the final judge of what is right and wrong? If not the people themselves?4.I only wish that ordinary people had an unlimited capacity for doing harm; then they might have an unlimited power for doing good.5.Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a harder battle.6.He who is not a good servant will not be a good master.7.I am the wisest man alive, for I know one thing, and that is that I know nothing.8.False words are not only evil in themselves, but they infect the soul with evil.9.When the debate is lost, slander becomes the tool of the loser.10.The unexamined life is not worth living.cation isn't filling a pail, it's lighting a fire.12.The measure of a man is what he does with power.13.To find the pleasure of life, look within yourself.14.A nation can suffer no greater evil than a rupture of national unity.15.The endowment of the soul with reason is God's noblest gift to man.16.The secret to happiness is freedom, and the secret to freedom is courage.17.There is no advantage in a nation being composed of the dying rather than of the living.18.Good people do not need laws to tell them to act responsibly.19.Justice will only exist where those not affected by injustice are filled with the same amount of indignation as those who are.20.The mind is everything. What you think you become.21.It is not what happens to you, but how you react to it that matters.22.The only way to do great work is to love what you do.23.The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.24.Success is not the key to happiness, happiness is the key to success.25.Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.26.The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.27.In the end, it's not the years in your life that count. It's the life in your years.28.The best way to predict your future is to create it.29.Believe you can and you're halfway there.30.The only person you are destined to become is the person you decide to be.31.Success is not in what you have, but who you are.32.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.33.Don't watch the clock; do what it does. Keep going.34.The future belongs to those who prepare for it today.35.It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.36.You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.37.The biggest risk is not taking any risk.38.The secret to getting ahead is getting started.39.Life is really simple, but we insist on making it complicated.40.You miss 100 of the shots you don't take.41.Success is achieved when preparation meets opportunity.42.Great leaders are willing to sacrifice their own comfort for the sake of their people.43.The measure of a man is how he treats someone who can do him absolutely no good.44.The best way to predict the future is to create it.45.True leadership is not about being in charge, it is about taking care of those in your charge.46.Without discipline, there can be no real progress.47.Actions speak louder than words.48.It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both.49.The greatest act of courage is to be yourself in a world that is constantly trying to make you someone else.50.The true test of a leader is not how many followers they have, but how many leaders they create.51.Change is the law of life, those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.52.You may encounter many defeats, but you must not be defeated.53.In the midst of chaos, there is also opportunity.54.Success is not final, failure is not fatal: it is the courage to continue that counts.55.A true leader has the confidence to stand alone, the courage to make tough decisions, and the compassion to listen to the needs of others.56.A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.57.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.58.Believe you can and you're halfway there.59.The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.60.I'm not a product of my circumstances. I am a product of my decisions.61.The best way to know the result is to fall in action and not in doubt.62.I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul.63.The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.64.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.65.In the end, it's not the years in your life that count, it's the life in your years.66.The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.67.Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts.68.I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work.69.The secret of getting ahead is getting started.70.A champion is defined not by their wins, but by how they can recover when they fall.71.It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.72.Every strike brings me closer to the next home run.73.Don't watch the clock; do what it does. Keep going.74.Set your goals high, and don't stop till you get there.75.Start where you are. Use what you have. Do what you can.76.Don't be afraid to give up the good to go for the great.77.The only way to do great work is to love what you do.78.Don't let yesterday take up too much of today.79.The road to success and the road to failure are almost the same.80.Believe you can and you're halfway there.81.Those who know how to wait also know how to win.82.The greatest danger lies in not daring to take risks.83.Leadership is action, not position.84.Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful.85.The measure of intelligence is the ability to change.86.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.87.Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.88.Efforts and courage are not enough without purpose and direction.89.The time is always right to do what is right.90.If you can dream it, you can achieve it.91.The best way to predict your future is to create it.92.Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.93.The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character - that is the goal of true education.94.The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy.95.Intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus character - that is the goal of true education.96.The time is always right to do what is right.97.Only in the darkness can you see the stars.98.Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter.99.Faith is taking the first step even when you don't see the whole staircase.100.The function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character - that is the goal of true education.101.The happiness of a man in this life does not consist in the absence but in the mastery of his passions.102.Remember that all is fleeting and quickly consumed.103.Do not let the words of others disturb your inner peace.104.Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts.105.The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.106.Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future.107.The purpose of our lives is to be happy.108.In the end, it's not the years in your life that count. It's the life in your years.109.The only impossible journey is the one you never begin.110.Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success. If you love what you are doing, you will be successful.111.Believe you can and you're halfway there.112.The best and most beautiful things in the world cannot be seen or even touched - they must be felt with the heart.113.All limitations are self-imposed.114.The biggest risk is not taking any risk. In a world that's changing really quickly, the only strategy that is guaranteed to fail is not taking risks.115.Happiness is not something ready-made. It comes from your own actions.116.The best way to predict the future is to create it.117.In the midst of movement and chaos, keep stillness inside of you.118.Every strike brings me closer to the next home run.119.I have not failed. I've just found 10,000 ways that won't work.120.You miss 100 of the shots you don't take.121.The past is history, the future is a mystery, and today is a gift. That is why it is called the present.122.Believe in yourself and all that you are. Know that there is something inside you that is greater than any obstacle.123.Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts.124.Do not wait for opportunities to come to you. Create yourown and seize them.125.The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.126.Your present circumstances don't determine where you can go; they merely determine where you start.127.Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life.128.The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.129.The only way to do great work is to love what you do.130.Don't be afraid to give up the good to go for the great.131.You miss 100 of the shots you don't take.132.Don't let yesterday take up too much of today.133.Life is 10 what happens to us and 90 how we react to it.134.The best revenge is massive success.135.The secret of getting ahead is getting started.136.The harder you work for something, the greater you'll feel when you achieve it.137.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts today.138.Don't watch the clock; do what it does. Keep going.139.Believe you can and you're halfway there.140.It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.141.The only mistake is not taking risks.142.A leader is one who knows the way, goes the way, and shows the way.143.Success is not the key to happiness. Happiness is the key to success.144.The only limit to our realization of tomorrow will be our doubts of today.145.If opportunity doesn't knock, build a door.146.Don't watch the clock, do what it does. Keep going.147.The harder the conflict, the greater the triumph.148.A true leader has the confidence to stand alone, the courage to make tough decisions, and the compassion to listen to the needs of others.149.Success is the sum of small efforts repeated day in and day out.150.Believe you can and you're halfway there.151.I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my destination.152.The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.153.A person who never made a mistake never tried anything new.154.The best way to predict the future is to create it.155.Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off the goal.156.Success is not final, failure is not fatal: It is the courage to continue that counts.157.Your time is limited, don't waste it living someone else's life.158.The greatest glory in living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.159.The only way to do great work is to love what you do.160.In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity.。
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When Good People Do Evil
45 years ago, Stanley Milgram's classic experiments showed that, under orders, decent
human beings will do anything.
By Philip Zimbardo PhD Yale University Alumni Publication January/February 2007 Philip Zimbardo '59PhD, professor emeritus of psychology at Stanford, created the well-known "Stanford Prison Experiments" on the psychology of incarceration. This essay is adapted from his forthcoming book, The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil (Random House, March 2007)
Imagine that you have responded to an advertisement in the New Haven newspaper seeking subjects for a study of memory. A researcher whose serious demeanor and laboratory coat convey scientific importance greets you and another applicant at your arrival at a Yale laboratory in Linsly-Chittenden Hall. You are here to help science find ways to improve people's learning and memory through the use of punishment. The researcher tells you why this work may have important consequences. The task is straightforward: one of you will be the "teacher" who gives the "learner" a set of word pairings to memorize. During the test, the teacher will give each key word, and the learner must respond with the correct association. When the learner is right, the teacher gives a verbal reward, such as "Good" or "That's right." When the learner is wrong, the teacher is to press a lever on an impressive-looking apparatus that delivers an immediate shock to punish the error.
The shock generator has 30 switches, starting from a low level of 15 volts and increasing by 15 volts to each higher level. The experimenter tells you that every time the learner makes a mistake, you have to press the next switch. The control panel shows both the voltage of each switch and a description. The tenth level (150 volts) is "Strong Shock"; the 17th level (255 volts) is "Intense Shock"; the 25th level (375 volts) is "Danger, Severe Shock." At the 29th and 30th levels (435 and 450 volts) the control panel is marked simply with an ominous XXX: the pornography of ultimate pain and power.
You and another volunteer draw straws to see who will play each role; you are to be the teacher, and the other volunteer will be the learner. He is a mild-mannered, middle-aged man whom you help escort to the next chamber. "Okay, now we are going to set up the learner so he can get some punishment," the experimenter tells you both. The learner's arms are strapped down and an electrode is attached to his right wrist. The generator in the next room will deliver the shocks. The two of you communicate over an intercom, with the experimenter standing next to you. You get a sample shock of 45 volts -- the third level, a slight tingly pain -- so you have a sense of what the shock levels mean. The researcher then signals you to start.
As the shock levels increase in intensity, so do the learner's screams. Initially, your pupil does well, but soon he begins making errors, and you start pressing the shock switches. He complains that the shocks are starting to hurt. You look at the experimenter, who nods to continue. As the shock levels increase in intensity, so do the learner's screams, saying he does not think he wants to continue. You hesitate and question whether you should go on. But the experimenter insists that you have no choice.
In 1949, seated next to me in senior class at James Monroe High School in the Bronx, New York, was my classmate, Stanley Milgram. We were both skinny kids, full of ambition and a desire to make something of ourselves, so that we might escape life in the confines of our ghetto experience. Stanley was the little smart one who we went to for authoritative answers. I was the tall popular one, the smiling guy other kids would go to for social advice.
I had just returned to Monroe High from a horrible year at North Hollywood High School, where I had been shunned and friendless (because, as I later learned, there was a rumor circulating that I was from a New York Sicilian Mafia family). Back at Monroe, I would be chosen "Jimmy Monroe" -- most popular boy in Monroe High School's senior class. Stanley and I once discussed how that transformation could happen. We agreed that I had not changed; the situation was what mattered.
Situational psychology is the study of the human response to features of our social environment, the external behavioral context, above all to the other people around us. Stanley Milgram and I, budding situationists in 1949, both went on to become academic social psychologists. We met again at Yale in 1960 as beginning assistant professors -- him starting out at Yale, me at NYU. Some of Milgram's new research was conducted in a modified laboratory that I had fabricated a few years earlier as a graduate student -- in the basement of Linsly-Chittenden, the building where we taught Introductory Psychology courses. That is where Milgram was to conduct his classic and controversial experiments on blind obedience to authority.