中国农业大学考博英语试题
考博英语模拟试卷12(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷12(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Cloze 4. Reading Comprehension 5. English-Chinese Translation 6. Chinese-English Translation 7. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics, somehow encourages ______ patriotism.A．obsoleteB．aggressiveC．harmoniousD．amiable正确答案：B解析：aggressive侵犯的，挑衅的；obsolete陈旧的，过时的；harmonious 和谐的；amiable和蔼可亲的。
2．One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and ______ to expressed thoughts.A．dilemmasB．countenancesC．concessionsD．junctions正确答案：B解析：countenance面容，脸色；dilemma进退两难的局面，困难的选择；concession让步；junction连接、汇合处。
3．People innately ______ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A．striveB．ascertainC．justifyD．adhere正确答案：A解析：strive for something奋斗，争取；ascertain whether/what/how/that确定，探知；justify(doing)something证明……是正当的；adhere to something坚持。
考博英语翻译练习题及答案
考博英语翻译练习题及答案考博英语翻译练习题及答案在学习、工作中，我们总免不了要接触或使用练习题，通过这些形形色色的习题，使得我们得以有机会认识事物的方方面面，认识概括化图式多样化的具体变式，从而使我们对原理和规律的认识更加的深入。
什么样的习题才是好习题呢？以下是小编精心整理的考博英语翻译练习题及答案，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
考博英语翻译练习题及答案1考博英语翻译练习：三峡考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多均有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整顿了某些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。
三峡，是万里长江一段风景壮丽的大峡谷，为中国十大风景名胜之一。
它西起四川省奉节县的白帝城，向东延伸至湖北省宜昌市的`南津关，由瞿塘峡、巫峡、西陵峡构成，全长192公里。
长江三峡，无限风光。
瞿塘峡的雄伟，巫峡的秀丽，西陵峡的险峻，尚有三段峡谷的大宁河、香溪、神农溪的古朴，并伴伴随许多漂亮的神话和感人的传说，令人心驰神往。
译文参照：The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges is a great valley with the mostsplendid landscape on the Yangtze (Changjiang) River and also one of the ten most famous scenic sites of China.It extends from White King Town in Fengjie County,Sichuan Province,to Nanjin Pass in Yichang,Hubei Province, and consists of Qutang Gorge,Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge,with a full length of 192 kilometers.The Yangtze River’s Three Gorges presents a scene of boundless varieties with the magnificence of Qutang Gorge,the elegance of Wu Gorge,the perilousness of Xiling Gorgeas well as the primitive simplicity of Daning,Xiang and Shennong Rivers.And what’s more,each scene is related to a wonderful fairy tale or a moving legend which attract people.点拨：三峡 the Yangtze Rive r’s Three Gorges壮丽 splendid延伸 extend白帝城 White King Town由…构成 consist of瞿塘峡 Qutang Gorge巫峡 Wu Gorge西陵峡 Xiling Gorge险峻 perilousness 古朴 primitive simplicity神话 fairy tale感人的 moving考博英语翻译练习题及答案2考博英语翻译练习：思乡情考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多均有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整顿了某些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。
考博英语-538_真题-无答案
考博英语-538(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Part Ⅰ Listening ComprehensionPart ADirections: You are going to hear five short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what you've heard. Listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you hear.(略)Part BDirections: Listen to the tape and choose the right answers to the questions you hear.(略)Part Ⅱ V ocabularyDirections: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one **pletes best the sentence.1. Agriculture must, therefore, ______ workers and savings to the new industrialized, urbanized sectors if a modern economy is to be achieved.A. yieldB. succumbC. subjectD. resort2. They ______ themselves ______ the politician because they hoped he would become president one day. At last he did.A. connected... withB. combined ... withC. linked... upD. attached... to3. Small children can not ______ the difference between right and wrong. It is our duty to teach them.A. appreciateB. enjoyC. acknowledgeD. confess4. To ______ the structural imbalances in the budget, and also in the economy the Administration has given its support to a constitutional amendment.A. relinquishB. remedyC. compensateD. redress5. It didn't seem to have ______ to her that once she was addicted to drug smoking, she could hardly give it up. But it did happen.A. happenedB. took placeC. occurredD. came about6. There is a direct flight at 3:00 or a flight at 7:30 in the morning that ______ in Los Angeles.A. stops byB. stops inC. stops overD. stops up7. They are looking for a ______ experienced secretary who is capable of organizing a busy sales office.A. charteredB. matureC. graduatedD. polished8. Although tile media have paid a great deal of attention to **muting, in most cases it is the employee's situations, not the availability of technology, that ______ a **muting arrangement.A. precipitatesB. reciprocatesC. anticipatesD. apprehends9. The middle aged woman has been ______ with a serious illness for half a year; she is dying now.A. laid downB. laid offC. laid upD. laid in10. Millions of people in the United States suffer from ______ back pain **es from sitting too long at a desk.A. chronicB. casualC. catastrophicD. elastic11. Paul is an ______ worker, and rarely does well in examinations. However he often refuses our help.A. errantB. erroneousC. erraticD. exotic12. Different cultures are more prone to ______ certain illnesses because of the food that is characteristic in these cultures.A. contractB. conductC. confineD. conquer13. In recent years there has been a ______ increase in the cost of living, many families have to depend on the federal aids.A. ponderousB. powerfulC. significantD. violent14. Women have significant advantages over men in space because they need less food and less oxygen and they ______ radiation better.A. stand up toB. stand in forC. stand up forD. stand in with15. A scientific law is liable at anytime to need ______, that is an eternal truth.A. modifyingB. changingC. revisingD. adjusting16. The students take a ______ test in March, and tile main exam is July.A. previousB. preliminaryC. precededD. elementary17. The ______ question in this case is whether the accused had a motive for this crime or not.A. crucialB. forcibleC. supremeD. valuable18. Simon's letter was in such a casual scrawl, and in such pale ink, that it was ______.A. vagueB. ambiguousC. illegibleD. obscure19. The ______ meanings of the individual words do not help define all expression like "Drop in any time."A. literaryB. literatureC. literalD. literate20. This village which is surrounded by mountain is only ______ by river, it is obviously that the transportation is inconvenient.A. accessibleB. attainableC. availableD. achievable21. When American astronaut Glen returned to the earth and a hearty welcome ______ him, he was considered to be a national hero.A. waited forB. anticipatedC. expectedD. awaited22. The fund is for ______ distress among the flood victims in the southern city.A. releasingB. detractingC. relievingD. devolve23. Usually he managed to find plenty of work to ______ him over hard times, I think it is a good ideA. A. chewB. blowC. flipD. tide 24. If you plant two apple trees in one square yard of land, and the trees' productivity ______ decline.A. is bound toB. is determined toC. is unlikely toD. is related to25. **muting——substituting **puter for the trip to the job-has been ______ a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.A. hailed asB. drawn outC. born outD. lodged in26. Although most universities in the United States are on a semester system which offers classes in the fall and spring, some schools ______ a quarter **prised of fall, winter, and summer quarters.A. manipulateB. stipulateC. regulateD. observe27. Digging the garden with a spade is a very ______ task. I am exhausted after such two-hour's work.A. industriousB. manualC. conscientiousD. laborious28. The teacher's behavior and the student's response ______ what many people have said about language learning.A. confineB. conformC. consentD. confirm29. Building this road will ______ the construction of ten bridges, then the total cost reaches 1 million US Dollars.A. evolveB. involveC. revolveD. devolve30. Woody arrived at a most ______ moment; I was just getting into the bath.A. inopportuneB. importunateC. incongruousD. unfitting31. It is not enough to observe behaviors and ______ them with physiological events that occur at the same time.A. correlateB. complyC. correspondD. pertain32. President Clinton ______ power when the US economy was slow.A. presumedB. consumedC. resumedD. assumed33. Baroque has been the term used by art historian for almost a century to ______ the dominant style of the period 1600 ～1750.A. determineB. designateC. deviseD. depict34. Some people ______ in part the defeat of the revolution in France and Germany to the English diplomacy, do you agree?A. contributedB. attributedC. distributedD. owned35. The reception was attended by various ______ members of the **munity and representatives of regional industries.A. protuberantB. conspicuousC. prominentD. projecting36. To be ______ I couldn't understand what he was getting at. If you wanted to know you'd better ask someone else.A. slyB. humbleC. honestD. cowardly37. After speaking for three hours, the lecturer found he could scarcely talk, as he had become ______.A. dumbB. inarticulateC. hoarseD. speechless38. Diana made a lot of effort to persuade her parents into ______ to her going to the United States to study business administration in MIT.A. contendingB. contestingC. contentingD. consenting39. She ______ for a while and was unable to make a decision, so she asked for my help.A. flickeredB. glitteredC. falteredD. blinked40. The school authority ______ against students' smoking both in the classrooms and at home.A. resolvedB. determinedC. bannedD. prohibitedPart Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through tile center.Passage OneIf you are a fan of science fiction, you've no doubt encountered the term nanotechnology, Yet over the past year also, a series of breakthroughs have transformed nanotech from sci-fi fantasy into a real-world. Applied science, and in the process, inspired huge investments by business, academia, and government. In industries as diverse as health care, computers, chemicals, and aerospace, nanotech is overhauling production techniques, resulting in new and improved products, some of which may already be in your home or workplace.The inspiration for nanotech goes back to a 1959 speech by the late physicist Richard Feynman, then a professor at the California Institute of Technology, titled "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom." Four decades later, Chad Mirkin, a Chemistry professor at Northwestern University's ＄34 million nanotech center, used a nanoscale device to etch most of Feynman's speech onto a surface the size of about 10 tobacco smoke particles.What accounts for the sudden acceleration of nanotechnology? A key breakthrough came in 1990, when researchers at IBM's Almaden Research Center succeeded in rearranging individual atoms at will. Using a device known as a scanning probe microscope, the team slowly moved 35 atoms to spell the three-letter IBM logo, thus proving Feynman fight. The entire Logo was less than three nanometers.Soon, scientists were not only manipulating individual atoms but "spray painting" with them as well. Using a tool known as a molecular beam epitaxy, scientists have learned to create ultra fine films of specialized crystals, built up one molecular layer at a time. This is the technology used today to build read-**ponents **puter hard drives.The next stage in the development of nanotechnology borrows a page from nature. Building a **puter no bigger than a speck of dust might seem an impossible task, until one realizes that evolution solved such problems more than a billion years ago. Living ceils contain all sorts of nanoscale motors made of proteins that perform myriad mechanical and chemical functions, from muscle contraction to photosynthesis. In some instances, such motors may be re-engineered, or imitated, to produce products and processes useful to humans.How are these biologically inspired machines constructed? Often, they construct themselves, manifesting a phenomenon of nature known as self assembly. The macromolecules of such biological machines have exactly the right shape and chemical binding preferences to ensure that when **bine they will snap together in predesigned ways. For example, the two strands that make up DNA's double helix match each other exactly, which means that if they are separated in a complex chemical mixture, they are still able to find each other easily.41. Which of the following is the function that nanoscale motors perform?A. rearranging individual atomsB. manipulating individual atomsC. producing products and processD. photosynthesis and muscle concentration42. Who proved that Feyman's concept, "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom" was right?A. Chad Mirkin at Northwestern UniversityB. Researchers at Almaden Research CenterC. Scientists manipulating atoms and "spray painting"D. A professor at the California Institute of Technology43. According to the passage, all of the following statements are true EXCEPT ______.A. The two strands making up DNA's double helix can find each other easily in a complex chemical mixtureB. Evolution has solved the problem of building a computer smaller than a speck of dust a long time beforeC. DNA not only programs cells to replicate themselves but also instructs them how to assemble individual molecules into new materialsD. The read-**ponents **puter hard drives are constructed by means of the technology known asa molecular beam epitaxy44. It can be inferred that Richard Feynman has been ______ now.A. deadB. decentC. prominentD. popular45. Scientists created ultra fine films of specialized crystals by means of ______.A. a scanning probe microscopeB. a nanoscale deviceC. a molecular beam epitaxyD. a **puterPassage TwoWith the US economy slowing down, layoffs are everywhere. No industry is spared. If you end up having to start over, in addition to starting your job search, there are several things you should take care of to make your transition a smooth one.First and foremost, clear up any misunderstanding about how and why you left your last jobwith your ex-boss. Whether you left voluntarily, were fired or were laid off due to budget cutbacks, make sure you both have the same explanation. Agree on job titles accordingly. Also ask for a reference if you think your ex-boss will offer one and you trust that he or she will speak honestly about your performance.You should have a source of emergency cash that you can use in the interim. Don't panic and liquidate your stocks and bonds just yet, be optimistic in your prospects while also be more frugal than usual. You should save money on not having to dry clean work clothes so often and eating less take-out lunches. Save money by not eating out at restaurants and watch videos rather than going to the movies every weekend. Make a note of your job hunting expenses, such as career counselors' consulting fees and resume printing costs, and save the receipts. By next year's tax-filing time, you could get deductions on your job-search expense (unless you left a job willingly or was a college graduate looking for your first job).**panies terminate your medical insurance coverage as soon as you stop working for them. But it doesn't mean you have to forgo medical coverage altogether. There is something called Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA) in the United States that legally protects an ex-employee's right to stay in **pany's health care plan. However, **pany will stop paying your premiums, and you will have to pay out of your pocket the expenses. This is still a good **pared to no health insurance at all.Another important thing to take care of when you change jobs is your 401 (k) account. A 401 (k) is the retirement fund that **panies offer. It's named after section 401 (k) in the Internal Revenue Service's policy documents. You put aside a percentage of your paycheck each pay period, and the money accumulated will be managed by the 401 (k) fund manager your employer has hired and is invested in the stock market. You cannot withdraw money from this account until you reach this age, or you will incur penalties. When you leave a job, the money can sometimes be kept with your ex-employer for a while. It's always a good idea to compare your new employer's 401 (k) plan with your old one. **pany offers different types of investment options, from overseas stocks to high-tech stocks and everything in between. If you do want to transfer the account to your new employer, you need to go to the human resources department and ask for forms that help you make the transition.Don't forget to ask for job leads from your ex-coworkers. Even if you are leaving for a job in another industry, you never know what people they happen to know that can help with your job search. Keep in touch with the friends you have made at your old job. Remember to anchor yourself to people, not institutions, and you will find that any transition is made easier.46. The word "interim" most probably means ______.A. intervalB. hard timeC. transitional periodD. emergency47. What's the point of saving the receipts of job-searching expense?A. To get reductions at tax-filling timeB. To keep a record of one's job hunting experienceC. To be aware of one's expenditure and be frugalD. Because one's ex-boss will reimburse the job-searching expense48. According to paragraph 1, in the United States, ______.A. most industries stay unaffected by global economic recessionB. each and **pany spares no effort to survive the **petitionC. "compulsory redundancy" is going on in every industryD. employees are laid off because they are not qualified for their jobs49. COBRA ensures an ex-employee stay in the health care plan ______.A. as long as the ex-employer continues to pay the premiumB. as long as the ex-employee continues to pay the premiumC. as long as the ex-employee finds a new jobD. as soon as the ex-employee is called back to **pany50. Which statement is true according to this passage?A. 401 (k) account can be terminated by the employers anytime they want.B. 401 (k) account can be withdrawn by the unemployed staff before their retirement.C. 401 (k) fund is invested in international stock market only.D. 401 (k) account can be transferred from one's ex-employer to one's new employer.Passage ThreeOur culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one's side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked, them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that "Gift" means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at 1east 3 feet or an arm's length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen ate rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives——usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation's diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.51. In countries other than their own most Americans ______.A. are isolated by the local peopleB. are not well informed due to the language barrierC. tend to get along well with the nativesD. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants52. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ______.A. cultural self-centerednessB. indifference towards foreign visitorsC. casual mannersD. arrogance towards other cultures53. American people ignore cultural differences in other countries because ______.A. they can afford it with powerful economy and great wealthB. they are aggressive by nature and proud of their own cultureC. people in other cultures respect the American cultureD. people in other cultures are particularly tolerant54. According to the author. Americans' cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ______.A. affect their image in the new eraB. Cut themselves off from the outside worldC. limit their role in world affairsD. weaken the position of the US dollar55. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably ______.A. stand stillB. step forwardC. jump asideD. draw backPart Ⅳ TranslationA) Translate the following into English1. 我们也不应该忘记，广告给我们的钱袋做出了积极的贡献。
中国农业大学人文与发展学院考博真题-主要导师-内部资料
中国农业大学人文与发展学院考博真题-主要导师-内部资料一、专业的设置中国农业大学人文与发展学院每年招收博士生14人，下设区域经济学、农村发展与管理、社会保障三个专业。
其中区域经济学专业下设四个方向，分别为高启杰的经济发展与创新管理；靳乐山的区域经济发展与环境自然资源管理；区域协调发展有靳乐山、刘晓昀两位导师；刘晓昀的农村区域发展。
农村发展与管理专业下设五个方向，分别为中国与国际发展有李小云、叶敬忠、齐顾波、王伊欢、武晋、罗泮、徐秀丽七位导师；发展干预与社区变迁有叶敬忠、孙庆忠、汪力斌、吴惠芳四位导师；可持续发展与资源管理有左停、任大鹏、齐顾波、罗泮、武晋五位导师；乡村社会管理与社会发展有李小云、孙庆忠、左停、吴惠芳四位导师；发展伦理权利与法制有任大鹏、李建军两位导师。
社会保障专业下设四个方向，分别为社会保障与贫困有李小云、左停两位导师；李小云的社会保障理论与国际比较；左停的农村社会保障政策与实践；李红艳的农民工社会保障问题。
一共有17位博导，13个研究方向，可以说分类非常的全面和齐全。
招生人数不含硕博连读生。
复试中还将进行面试及专业能力考核。
联系人：何靖，联系电话：62732445；联系人：王艳丽，联系电话：62733392。
二、考试的科目区域经济学复试科目：①专业英语②专业综合；农村发展与管理复试科目；①专业英语；听力、口语②发展理论；国际贸易学复试科目：①专业英语：听力、口语②社会保障综合③公共管理学。
三、导师介绍高启杰，职称：教授，博导兼硕导，单位：中国农业大学人文与发展学院。
靳乐山，职称：教授，博导兼硕导，单位：中国农业大学人文与发展学院。
刘晓昀，职称：教授，博导兼硕导，单位：中国农业大学人文与发展学院。
李小云，职称：教授，博导兼硕导，单位：中国农业大学人文与发展学院。
叶敬忠，职称：教授，博导兼硕导，单位：中国农业大学人文与发展学院，职务：副院长。
孙庆忠，职称：教授，博导兼硕导，单位：中国农业大学人文与发展学院。
考博英语(词汇)模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to its national______.A．personalityB．temperamentC．interestD．destiny正确答案：B解析：本题的四个名词意思不同。
A项意为“(各人的)个性”，B项意为“性格，性情”，C项意为“兴趣，利益”，D项意为“命运”。
根据本句的意思，B 项为最佳选择。
知识模块：词汇2．Our journey was slow because the train stopped______at different villages.A．graduallyB．continuouslyC．constantlyD．continually正确答案：D解析：本题的四个副词中，尽管有三个以con一开头，但意思都不相同。
A 项意为“逐渐地”，B项意为“连续不断地，接连地”，C项意为“不断地”，D 项意为“一再，老是”。
A项明显不符合题意。
B、C、D三项意思似乎很相近，但B项有“持续不停”的意思，用来描述下雨或咳嗽较适合，用来描述句中的火车停站不适合。
C项则有“频率很高、始终如一”的意思，也不适合。
只有D 项最适合。
知识模块：词汇3．Many people are______to insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital.A．insensitiveB．allergicC．sensibleD．infected正确答案：B解析：本题考查词语搭配。
be insensitive to表示“对……不敏感的，不受……影响的，不易感受……的”；be allergic to表示“对……过敏的；对……反感的”，如：He is allergic topenicillin．(他对青霉素过敏。
考博英语模拟试题及答案解析
考博英语模拟试题Part I Cloze (0. 5 x 20 = 10%)Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.The most famous painter in Victoria's history is Emily Carr. When she was a child，she discovered that walking in the woods 1 more to her than playing with other children, and that she was more interested in 2 the streets of old Victoria than playing at home with 3 and spending her time making up.Emily was a cute little girl who spent 4 of her childhood in Beacon Hill Park 5 was very close to her home. Drawing 6 her, and she also liked to play with the pets. She had ducks and chickens, and even 7 a monkey. She was 8 interested in the First Nations people and the Chinese people she saw in Victoria's Chinatown. Their culture and way of dressing seemed so 9 from her own.As she became a young, strong and 10 woman, Emily began to go on long trips into the forests to11 and draw what she saw. She loved the free and simple 12 of the First Nations people. In the summer of 1895 she went on 13 with two other women to 14 the wilderness along the Cowichan River that runs through Duncan, 15 north of Victoria.She knew more about their lifestyle and the forests of B. C. than 16 other European woman.When you look at her paintings you can sense the 17 of these dark mysterious forests. Her paintings are now very famous and, 18 the dark colors may not be attractive to some people, they19 the beauty and mystery of the deep woods and the skill of a great artist. Emily was a very brave and independent woman. She walked through the woods alone, even though she knew that bears and wolves might be her only 201. A. attracted B. appealed C. allured D. induced2. A. dashing B. strolling C. jogging D. roaming3. A. friends B. mates C. dolls D. parents4. A. much B. lots C. more D. many5. A. where B. which C. since D. it6. A. fascinated B. bewildered C. captured D. indulged7. A. fed B. domesticated C. trained D. confined8. A.particularly B.almost C. constantly D. intrinsically9. A. diverse B.various C. distinct D.outstanding10. A. special B. independent C. lonely D. unaided11. A. paint B. record C. describe D. take12. A. society B. work C. lifestyle D. pace13. A. an adventure B. an exploitation C. a tour D. an expedition14. A. check B. explore C. examine D. search15. A. only B. just C. much D. in16. A. any B. some C. certain D. none17. A. mood B. tone C. taste D. atmosphereI8. A. if B. otherwise C. though D. but19. A. evoke B. arouse C. remind D. raise20. A.enemies B. foods C. companions D. friendsⅡ. Reading comprehension (20 x 2 = 40% )Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions, you are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage OneFast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a plateau in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say. Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonald's to attract customers with a 55 cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. O'Pepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant division that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC."It's becoming harder and harder for these firms to grow," said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. "I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation (饱和) point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets."Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 percent in 1996 according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is for cry from (大不相同于) the levels of the 1970s and 1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 percent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 percent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997."Consumers have never been more demanding than they are today," said Michael Sansolo, senior vice president of the Supermarket Trade Group. "They are pressed for time. Money is still an issue.-, but their tastes are increasingly diverse -- whether it's gourmet foods, ethnic foods or organic offerings."Meanwhile, the aging of the baby-boom population -- and the growth in the number of so-called "empty nesters" with grown children -- has meant a surge in the number of people willing to spend more for upscale items. This generation "will have the luxury of being more discriminating" as their children leave home, notes Harry Balzer, vice president of the Chicago-based NPD consulting group. Balzer said some 18 million baby boomers will become empty-nesters in the next 10 years, leaving them with more disposable income to spend on dining out. "Fast and cheap will still be driving factors.., but our definitions of fast and cheap may be changing."Various reports suggest industry leader McDonald's is struggling, losing market share, with lower same-store sales while cutting back the number of new outlets in the United States, partly due to pressure from franchisers who don't want to be squeezed. The company replaced the head of its 12,000 US restaurant chain last October amid a slump in US market share.21. What does the passage mainly tell about?A. Fast food disappoints consumers.B. People prefer less expensive food.C. McDonald's dominates the market of fast food.D. Fast food is losing its attraction.22. What can we learn from the passage?A. O'Pepsico goes bankrupt.B. The number of supermarkets doubles.C. Jim Brown takes a negative attitude towards the development of fast food.D. McDonald's survives from the competition with retail food stores.23. What is NOT true about baby-boom generation?A. They seek a variety of food.B. They have come of age.C. They will spend more money on food.D. They tend to have luxurious food.24. Which of the following is not mentioned as an influence on people's choices of food?A. Speed and price of the food.B. Diversity of the food.C. Tastes of the consumers.D. Age of the consumers.25. What brings trouble to fast food industry?A. Customers' demand and competition with retailers.B. The aging baby-boomer and diversity of food.C. Competition with retailers and diversity of food.D. Customers' demand and the aging of baby-boomer.Passage TwoParents of wailing (哀号) babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents' legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents' attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. "It may point researchers in the right direction to find the cause of excessive crying," said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista. Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes. Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements. Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment. The babies of monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies' distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms."Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries," said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago. "But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses."Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. "Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop," Bard said. "I've never seen anychimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable."Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. "All primate infants cry." Maestripieri said. "It'sa very conserved behavior. It's not something humans have evolved on their own."26. What can be the most probable title of this passage?A. Parents Bothered by Babies' CryB. Infants Crying for Parents' AttentionC. Clues from Animals on Why Babies CryD. False Cry27. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A. Scientists discovered why animal infants cry.B. The difference in the amount of children's cry is somewhat due to genes.C. Babies have a violent reaction to the mother's ignorance.D. Chimpanzees' annoyance can hardly be alleviated.28. What is implied in Paragraph 4?A. Children with truthful cry may eventually draw their mothers' attention.B. Noisy infants are preferred by their mothers for their health and strength.C. Mothers would rather nurse the obedient babies.D. Mothers tend to ignore the deceitful cry.29. How do the parents respond to babies' cry?A. They come to doubt it.B. They take it seriously.C. They are indifferent to it.D. They are weary of it.30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as the reason for babies' cry?A. Discomfort.B. Hungry.C. Consolation.D. Thirsty.Passage ThreeWhenever I hear a weather report declaring it's the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I can't take it too seriously, because "ever" really means "as long as the records go back", which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, though -- not for individual dates, but they can ten the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks incorals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. That's a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperatures -- a frequent assertion of the global -- warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (he's the creator of the "hockey stick" graph A1 Gore used in "An Inconvenient Truth" to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand years -- that led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 was -- so resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that today's temperatures ale unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if there's any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists comparedthem with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from "it isn't happening" to "it's happening, but it's natural", to "it's mostly natural" --\and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed. Rep. Sherwood Boehert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming science -- a controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive. Whether President Bush will finally take serious action to deal with the warming, however,is a much less settled question.31. What does this passage mainly deal with?A. The tendency of earth's becoming hotter.B. The assessment of earth's temperature.C. The menace of global warming.D.The measurement of tackling global warming.32. What is "proxy measurement" in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?A. Studying the characteristics of glaciers.B. Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.C. Taking advantage of previous pictures.D. Using clues left from the past.33. What does the report from NRC indicate?A. The earth will become warmer.B. It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Mann's assertion.C. The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.D. The proxy measurements are reliable.34. Which statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?A. The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Mann's claim.B. Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.C. Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.D. The argument ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.35. What is the author's attitude towards global warming theory?A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Favorable.D. Neutral.Passage FourA proposed Russian ban on European Union meat exports could jeopardize Russia's aspirations to join the World Trade Organization next year, the EU trade commissioner, Peter Mandelson, warned Friday. He warned that several of the 25 EU member states were growing weary of Russia's trade tactics and could move to block its WTO bid.He emphasized that the European Union supported Russia's WTO accession in principle and that he did not want to link the Russian meat ban to Russia's WTO prospects ,though EU states could do so. in order to join the organization,Russia must reach agreement with each of the 149 WTO members."Issues like this will affect the attitude of member states toward signing off on accession," Mandelson said. "This is not the only trade irritant between us and Russia -- there are at least half a dozen -- and this latest ban is bound to affect the attitude of member states," toward Russia's aim of joining the WTO. "We can't have so many of these trade irritants hanging over us."Mandelson said he would work to get Russia to back off from its current plans to ban all EUanimal products as of Jan. 1, which would affect C = $ 1.7 billion, or $ 2. 2 billion, in exports to RussiaMoscow has justified the ban on the grounds that Bulgaria and Romania, which will join the European Union on that day, do not have adequate food safety measures. But Mandelson warned that if Moscow refused to back down, it could sour overall trade relations with the European Union, which is already concerned about fair access to Moscow's energy resources. "Russia is acting in a disproportionate way," he said.President Vladimir Putin has made WTO membership one of his key economic objectives. He is keen to improve access to world markets for Russian exports and to provide a lift to the country's neglected aghculrural sector. European resistance would add to reservations by trade negotiators in Washington who want Russia to make more progress on reducing tariffs on U. S. meat imports and protecting intellectual property before joining the world trade body.Trade disputes cast a shadow over the summit meeting, which was supposed to mark the start of talks on a partnership agreement between the European Union and Russia covering energy, trade and human rights. But Poland -- in a separate dispute with Moscow over a Russian ban on Polish farm exports -- used its veto to stop the talks on Friday.Putin defended the Russian ban after earlier complaining that the European Commission had failed to consult him before agreeing to admit Bulgaria and Romania, whose food safety practices he called into question.EU officials said privately that Putin's stance suggested he was suffering from a Cold War hangover because the former Soviet satellites will soon become EU members.36. What is the theme of this passage?A. Russia conflicts with EU members in meat trade.B. Russia may risk WTO entry with EU meat ban.C. Russia prepares to enter WTO.D. Russia complains about food security of Bulgaria and Romania.37. Which statement is NOT true about EU?A. EU has not signed partnership agreement with Russia.B. EU is disappointed with at Russia's trade strategy.C. EU wants Russia to cut down on tariffs on its meat imports.D. EU may connect the trade conflict with Russia's entry into WTO.38. Which word has the similar meaning to "imtant" in Paragraph 3?A. disagreementB. misunderstandingC. annoyanceD.interference39. What can be implied from the last paragraph?A. Russia will soon suffer from isolation.B. Russia will soon lose its satellites.C. Former Soviet satellites resist Russia's entering WTO.D. Some EU officials understand Russia's position.40. What is the author's attitude towards Russia?A. Suggestive.B. Prejudicial.C. Sympathetic.D. Objective.Part UI Translation (30%)Section A : From Chinese into English (15%)每个人心中都该有个志向，否则他的经历就会被浪费掉。
英语考博试题及答案
英语考博试题及答案一、词汇与语法选择题（共20分，每题1分）1. The professor's lecture was so ______ that the students couldn't follow him.A. complexB. complicatedC. intricateD. sophisticated答案：B2. Despite the heavy rain, the marathon was held as ______.A. planB. scheduledC. programD. arranged答案：B3. The company has ______ a new marketing strategy to increase sales.A. implementedB. enactedC. executedD. performed答案：A4. The ______ of the old bridge was a major concern for the city council.A. stabilityB. steadinessC. constancyD. consistency答案：A5. The ______ between the two cultures is quite evident.A. differenceB. distinctionC. divergenceD. variance答案：B（以下题目略）二、阅读理解题（共30分，每篇10分）阅读以下短文，回答后面的问题。
Passage 1In recent years, the use of renewable energy has become increasingly popular. Governments around the world have been investing in solar, wind, and hydroelectric power to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels. This shift is not only beneficial for the environment but also creates new job opportunities in the energy sector.6. What is the main reason for the increased use of renewable energy?A. To save moneyB. To reduce reliance on fossil fuelsC. To create new jobsD. To protect the environment答案：B7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a renewable energy source in the passage?A. Solar powerB. Wind powerC. Fossil fuelsD. Hydroelectric power答案：C8. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Renewable energy is expensive.B. Renewable energy is not popular.C. Renewable energy is beneficial for the environment.D. Renewable energy cannot create jobs.答案：C（以下题目略）三、翻译题（共20分，每题5分）9. 请将以下句子从英文翻译成中文。
考博英语模拟试卷50(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷50(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Reading Comprehension 2. Sentence Transformation 3. Cloze 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English Translation 6. WritingReading ComprehensionFor farmers hoping for a healthy harvest, the best place to turn for help these days is the Monsanto Corp. One of the world’s leading biotechnology companies and lately a pioneer in genetically engineered seeds--Monsanto has been incorporating flashy traits like herbicide and pest resistance into everything from canola to corn. But such super crops don’t come cheap. Farmers pay a premium for Monsanto seeds, and to make sure they keep paying, the company requires them to sign an agreement promising not to plant seeds their crops produce. If farmers want the same bountiful harvest next year, they must return to the company for a new load of seeds. While this arrangement makes sense for Monsanto, it works only if farmers honor it--something that’s difficult to police in the U. S. and almost impossible in the developing world. Now, however, Monsanto hopes to enforce biologically what it cannot enforce contractually. With the help of clever genes currently in development, future Monsanto crops may be designed with a new feature in mind: sterility (不育). No sooner will the company’s plants mature than the seeds they carry, will lose the ability to reproduce. From Monsanto’s point of view, the set of new genes--which others have nicknamed Terminator--is a perfectly legitimate way to protect their intellectual-property rights. Not everybody agrees. Let the new science take hold, opponents ware darkly, and farmers could find themselves coming to Monsanto, seed cup in hand, paying whatever the company demands before they can plant that season’s crop. Worse still, some doomsday stories suggest, pollen (花粉)from Terminator plants could drift with the wind like a toxic cloud, cross with ordinary crops or wild plants, and spread from species to species until flora all around the world had been suddenly and irreversibly sterilized. No serious scientist thinks anything so disastrous will come to pass. For Monsanto, however, with a technology in its pocket and a fight on its hands, the situation is about as grim as it can get- at least in terms of public relations. “From a marketing perspective, it’s pathological (病态的). This is a question of who controls the seeds of life.”1．Before Terminator, farmers ______.A．are required to buy new load of seeds every yearB．axe often caught by the police replanting the seedsC．can replant the seeds under the permission from MonsantoD．obey the agreements signed with Monsanto正确答案：B解析：在Monsanto发明新品种Terminator之前，第二段提到it works only if farmers honor it—something that’s difficult to police in the U.S.，表明农民们并未按照协议重新购买种子，而是留原来植物的种子，这使得美国警察很苦恼。
2023年考博英语真题及答案
2023考博英语真题及答案PART 1 TRANSLATION (Chinese to English )1.为了减缓交通，提高空气质量，北京公布了新的交通规章。
To relieve the traffic and improve the air quality, new traffic regulations have been issued in Beijing.考点一：减缓交通(relieve the traffic)考点二：公布(issue)2.有牢靠的证据说明，日光暴晒与皮肤癌之间有联系。
(evidence) There is convincing evidence of a link between exposure to sunlight and skin cancer.考点一：日光曝晒(exposure to sunlight)考点二：“皮肤癌”一词的翻译3.虽然他深知吸烟有害安康，但他对我们要他戒烟的忠告却置若罔闻。
(aware)Tough he is aware that smoking is harmful to health, he is always turning a deaf ear to our advice that he give up smoking.考点一：be aware of 的用法考点二：be harmful to 的用法考点三：对置若罔闻(turn a deaf ear to)4.科学家们不负众望，胜利放射了一枚人造卫星。
(live)The scientists successfully launched a man-made satellite, living up to peoples expectation.考点一：不负众望(live up to peoples expectation)考点二：放射卫星(launch a satellite)5.那场大雾直到11点钟才散去，延误了好几十个航班。
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(96)_真题-无答案
博士研究生考试考博英语模拟题2020年(96)(总分150,考试时间150分钟)Structure and V ocabulary1. 1.The music aroused an______feeling of homesickness in him.A. intentionalB. intermittentC. intenseD. intrinsic2. 2.The medicine______his pain but did not cure his illness.A. activatedB. alleviatedC. mediatedD. deteriorated3. 3.In no______should you do this without help and advice from your doctor—restricting the diet of small children can be very dangerous.A. perspectivesB. restrictionsC. circumstancesD. consequences4. 4.The idea was just beginning to______in America and we knew that it was going to become the way that **panies were run.A. show upB. catch onC. open outD. get by5. 5.Without Bob's testimony, evidence of bribery is lacking and______in the case will be impossible.A. verdictB. sentenceC. convictionD. acquittal6. 6.Pupils often want to sit next to their particular friend and many classroom activities involve moving about, but even relatively small alterations can make______to the **fort of pupils with sight defects.A. a differenceB. an interferenceC. a modificationD. an impact7. 7.Most of them had visited the invalid often during the past few months, marveling at his______spirit and his unfailing good temper.A. variantB. gallantC. pertinentD. solitary8. 8.Individuals may at various points in their lives experience discrimination in the allocation of resources either______of being too old or too young.A. at the riskB. to the pointC. in the caseD. on the ground9. 9.When a system is unjust to the______, abolition, not reform, is what respect for justice demands.A. endB. excessC. coreD. bottom10. 10.The custom is______in the belief that a new pregnancy—through its detrimental effect on breastfeeding—would endanger the mother's health.A. celebratedB. observedC. viewedD. presented11. 11.But, in our enthusiasm to discover our heritage, we are mining the very scenery we go to enjoy, damaging natural habitats, ______ down footpaths, disturbing wildlife, polluting the air and dropping litter.A. wearingB. treadingC. fallingD. cutting12. 12.Any person who is in______while awaiting trial is considered innocent until he has been declared guilty.A. jeopardyB. custodyC. suspicionD. probation13. 13.Now, don't tell anyone else what I've just told you. Remember, it's______.A. controversialB. secretiveC. confidentialD. sacred14. 14.The Freedom of Information Act gives private citizen______government files.A. release fromB. excess ofC. redress ofD. access to15. 15.The oil price rise reactivated the boom in commodity prices and______inflation, which reached an annual rate of 15 percent in the spring of 1974.A. boostedB. harnessedC. staggeredD. embarked16. 16.Did he really expect her to smile now and______with his plans, treat all this deception as no more than an unusual diversion?A. fall inB. put offC. agree toD. stand up17. 17.The Commission found instances where police officers had lied under oath, ______evidence, neglected black prisoners and wrongly imprisoned Aborigines.A. entailedB. fabricatedC. cleansedD. precluded18. 18.She______the words, not knowing what to say, how to put into plain speech her decision to finish their love.A. passed ontoB. stumbled overC. burst outD. dropped down19. 19.The ink has faded with time and so parts of the letter were______.A. illegibleB. indelibleC. illegitimateD. inscrutable20. 20.The bishop preached a farewell sermon to a______that filled the church to overflowing.A. processionB. reunionC. rallyD. congregationClozeAssuming that a constant travel-time budget, geographic constraints and short-term infrastructure constraints persist as fundamental features of global mobility, what long-term results can one expect? In high-income regions, 【C1】______North America, our picture suggests that the share of traffic【C2】______supplied by buses and automobiles will decline as high-speedtransport rises sharply. In developing countries, we【C3】______the strongest increase to be in the shares first for buses and later for automobiles. Globally, these【C4】______in bus and automobile transport are partially offsetting. In all regions, the share of low-speed mil transport will probably continue its strongly【C5】______decline.We expect that throughout the period 1990—2050, the【C6】______North American will continue to devote most of his or her 1. 1-hour travel-time【C7】______to automobile travel. The very large demand【C8】______air travel(or high-speed mil travel)that will be manifest in 2050【C9】______to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel【C10】______in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist【C11】______the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades.【C12】______important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and【C13】______low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions.【C14】______of the super-rich **mute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the【C15】______.21. 21.【C1】A. franklyB. exceptionallyC. unfortunatelyD. notably22. 22.【C2】A. volumeB. bodyC. measureD. funds23. 23.【C3】A. admireB. assureC. assertD. anticipate24. 24.【C4】A. outcomesB. trendsC. declinesD. impacts25. 25.【C5】A. inherentB. evidentC. large-scaleD. hidden26. 26.【C6】A. generalB. commonC. localD. average27. 27.【C7】A. profitB. costC. budgetD. facility28. 28.【C8】A. inB. ofC. atD. for29. 29.【C9】A. works outB. leaves outC. runs outD. puts out30. 30.【C10】A. timeB. desireC. agencyD. means31. 31.【C11】A. toB. asC. withD. over32. 32.【C12】A. Despite the factB. Whatever it isC. No matter howD. Whether or not33. 33.【C13】A. plusB. includingC. evenD. as well as34. 34.【C14】A. FewB. AllC. NoneD. Some35. 35.【C15】A. mountainB. groundC. skyD. landReading ComprehensionCan animals have a sense of humor? Sally Blanchard, publisher of a newsletter called the Pet Bird Report, thinks a pet parrot may have pulled her leg. That's one explanation for the time herAfrican gray parrot, named Bongo Marie, seemed to feign distress at the possible death of an Amazon parrot named Paco.It happened one day when Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner. As Blanchard lifted her knife, the African gray threw back its head and said, "Oh, no! Paco!" Trying not to laugh, Blanchard said, "That's not Paco," and showed Bongo Marie that the Amazon was alive and well. Mimicking a disappointed tone, Bongo Marie said, "Oh, no," and launched into a hoarse laugh.Was the parrot joking when it seemed to believe the other bird was a goner? Did Bongo **prehend Blanchard's response? Studies of African grays have shown that they can understand the meaning of words—for example, that red refers to a color, not just a particular red object. Parrots also enjoy getting a reaction out of humans, and so, whether or not Bongo Marie's crocodile tears were intentional, the episode was thoroughly satisfying from the parrot's point of view.36. 36.When Blanchard was making Cornish game hen for dinner, Bongo Marie acted as if Paco was______.A. gone and couldn't eat the mealB. dead and being cut for the mealC. deadly ill and discarded by the hostessD. away and should be back to join them37. 37.Why did Sally Blanchard believe Bongo Marie made a joke that day?A. It showed sadness and deceived her.B. It shed crocodile tears intentionally.C. It pretended to understand her words.D. It burst into laughter after a distressed tone.38. 38.In the last sentence, the clause "the episode was...point of view" suggests that Bongo Marie was______.A. quite content with its own performanceB. believed to have a sense of humorC. trying to win its host's favorD. successful in getting a human responseDon't call him just a college professor. Internet entrepreneur, TV personality, advisor to presidents, and friend to the rich and powerful would be more accurate.Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. is better known for his activities outside the academy. This week he sold Africana. com, a website he created with a fellow Harvard University professor, to Time Warner. Terms of the deal weren't revealed, though the Wall Street Journal pegged the price at more than $ 10 million, with Gates reaping up to $ 1 million. Time Warner will incorporate the site, a portal with news and information about people of African descent, into America Online when the two merge as expected. The sense is that Gates got a very good deal. The site is a rich source of scholarship but hardly a rich source of revenue.As recently as the late 1980s Gates, who turns 50 this week, was an obscure professor, penning books on literary theory only a graduate student could love. Now he can't be avoided: He hosted a series about Africa on public television, writes occasional articles for the New Yorker, and even advises the Gore presidential campaign. He counts director Steven Spielberg, Microsoft's Bill Gates and President Clinton as friends. "They're not intimate friends," he insists.Indeed, Gates has evolved into a kind of expert on everything African-American. "Heremains the go-to person on the state of African-American affairs," said Perry Steinberg, head of American Program Bureau, a lecture agency. The 30 or so speeches Gates delivers each year are another source of income for the professor.With **es controversy. Several other black intellectuals have taken him to task for not being confrontational enough. Gates has heard it before. "Me? Critics? Oh, what a shock. " But he considers himself more a descendent of historian and educator W. E. B. Du Bois than of Malcolm X. His ultimate goal is to build the field of Afro-American studies. "Fifty years from now I want there to be at least 10 great centers of Afro-American studies," he says.If working as a consultant on Spielberg's historical film Amistad or giving Al Gore advice helps, so be it.39. 39.What can we learn about Africana. com?A. It may be financially mediocre to Time Warner.B. It is maintained by Gates for Time Warner.C. It becomes a sister website of America Online.D. It is meant for the U. S. general public.40. 40.What is true about Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. ?A. He is barely qualified to teach in Harvard.B. He is an American of African descent.C. History and education are his minors.D. President Gore is among his friends.41. 41.In Paragraph 5, the phrase "have taken him to task for..." most probably means______.A. have blamed him for a certain faultB. have made him pay for his mistakeC. have had him do an assignmentD. have trusted him with a certain job42. 42.From Gates's mention of W. E.B.Du Bois and Malcolm X we can infer that______.A. Gates is reluctant to take the latter as his ancestorB. Gates regards the former as more successful than the latterC. Gates remains a follower of the former instead of the latterD. Gates claims to have a similar career to that of the former43. 43.According to Henry Louis "Skip" Gates Jr. himself, giving advice to Al Gore is______.A. out of some academic concernB. for some financial purposesC. in the interest of Afro-AmericansD. of some political consequence44. 44.In this passage the author expresses a tone of______.A. admirationB. sarcasmC. objectivityD. disapprovalForget football. At many high schools, the **petition is between Coke and Pepsi over exclusive "pouring rights" to sell on campus. But last week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, called a timeout: Coke's machines will now also stock water, juice, and other healthful options—even rival brands and their facades will feature school scenes and other "noncommercialgraphics" instead of Coke's vivid red logo. "The pendulum needs to swing back" on school-based marketing, said Dunn.Coke's about-face—particularly the call to end the exclusive deals that bottlers make with school **es amid rising concern over kids' health. American children are growing ever more obese and developing weight-related diseases usually found in adults. While inactivity and huge helpings factor heavily, a recent study in the Lancet fingered soda pop as a likely culprit. Communities—and legislators—are already on the case. Last year, for instance, parents in Philadelphia detailed a proposed contract with Coca-Cola that would have netted the school system $ 43 million over 10 years. And in a searing report to congress last month, the U. S. Department of Agriculture recommended that all snacks sold in schools meet federal nutrition standards(the requirements are loose enough that Snickers bars qualify).Spare change? Activists hope Coke's capitulation will help **mercialism in schools altogether. From ads on Channel One, which broadcasts current-affairs programs on classroom TV, to middle-school math texts that cite Nike and other brand-name products in their word problems, to company-sponsored scoreboards on football fields, American pupils are bombarded. But Andrew Hagelshaw, executive director of the Oakland, Calif. -based Center for Commercial-Free Public Education, views Coca-Cola's policy shift as a "partial victory". Schools sign contracts with local bottlers; the **pany can only urge them to back off. Moreover, Coke's machines will remain in place, although with healthier options.And don't expect teenagers to suddenly swear off the stuff—or school districts to give up the revenue. At Wheeler High School in Marietta, Ga., where students arrive before 7 a. m. and stay as late as 11 o'clock at night, they rely on the machines. And the $ 50,000 in annual vending revenues have enabled Principal Joe Boland to refinish the gym floor, install a new high-jump pit, and pay $ 7,000 for two buses. "If someone made an offer to me to take the machines out, I'd consider it," says Boland. "But nobody's offering me any money. "45. 45."Forget football" in Paragraph 1 suggests that football has been______.A. the **petition at high schoolsB. thought to have ill impact on studentsC. competing **mercials on campusD. brought into disrepute by Coke and Pepsi46. st week Jeffrey Dunn, president of Coca-Cola Americas, made an important decision to______.A. defend its red logo on a still larger scaleB. agree to negotiate with Pepsi over new termsC. modify its sales engineering at high schoolsD. give up its exclusive "pouring rights" on campus47. 47.Coca-Cola is to take new action most probably because______.A. it will sacrifice itself for children's healthB. it will not get involved in some law suitsC. it is unable to beat so many opponentsD. it is reluctant to fall behind **pany48. 48.Supporters of Coca-Cola would say that its new practice will______.A. set a moral example for **mercialism on campusB. stop **mercialism in school in the near futureC. help the business prevail over others in schoolD. gain a wide acclaim from all the students49. 49.The phrase "back off" in boldface in this context probably means______.A. to keep promise of fulfilling the contractsB. to avoid making as many deals as beforeC. to refrain from doing business with schoolsD. to yield in claims while making a contract50. 50.It is hard to move the Coke machine out of school because______.A. it always brings in money more than students' tuitionB. it is likely to cause students to become Coke addictsC. it can never be ignored as it brings funds to schoolD. it serves as the largest portion in school's businessWithin hours of appearing on television to announce the end of conscription, President Jacques Chirac moved quickly to prevent any dissent from within the military establishment. Addressing more than 500 military staff officers at the military academy in Paris yesterday, Mr. Chirac said clearly that he "expected" their loyalty in the work of rebuilding France's national defense.He understood their "legitimate concerns, questions and emotions" at the reforms, but added: "You must understand that there is not and never has been any rigid model for French defense. Military service has **pulsory for less than a century. Realism required that our armed forces should now be professional. "The president's decision to abolish conscription over a period of six years removes a rite of passage for young Frenchmen that has existed since the Revolution, even though obligatory national service only became law in 1905. As recently as 1993, an opinion poll showed that more than 60% of French people said they feared the abolition of conscription could endanger national security. A poll conducted this month, however, showed that 70% of those asked favored ending of practice, and on the streets and in offices yesterday, the response to Mr. Chirac's announcement was generally positive.Among people **pleted their 10-month period of national service in the last few years or were contemplating the prospect, there was almost universal approval, tempered by a sense that something hard to define—mixing with people from other backgrounds, a formative experience, a process that encouraged national or social cohesion—might be lost.Patrick, who spent his year in the French city of Valance assigning and collecting uniforms, and is now a computer manager, said he was in tears for his first week, and hated most of his time. He thought it was "useless" as a form of military training— "I only fired a rifle twice"—but, in retrospect, useful for learning how to get on with people and instilling patriotism.As many as 25% of those liable for military service in France somehow avoid it—the percentage is probably much greater in the more educated and higher social classes.According to Geoffroy, a 26-year-old reporter, who spent his time in the navy with the information office in central Paris, the injustice is a good reason for abolishing it. People with money or connections, he said, can get well-paid assignments abroad. "It's not fair: some do it, some don't. "Several expressed support for the idea of a new socially-oriented voluntary service that would be open to both men and women. But the idea seemed less popular among women. Atpresent, women have the option of voluntary service and a small number choose to take it.51. 51.President Chirac's decision, announced on TV, on ending conscription seemed to______.A. have got no consensus from military officersB. have curbed disagreement among the officersC. be an apology made to the military academyD. be an understanding of all military officers52. 52.In place of military service, president Chirac proposed the establishment of______.A. a new military academyB. a rite of passage for young FrenchmenC. conscription over a period of six yearsD. professional armed forces53. 53.Conscription in France has existed______.A. since 1993B. since the French RevolutionC. nearly fifty yearsD. almost a century54. 54.What worries people who have **pleted their military service about the reform?A. A lack of experience that helps build national morale.B. The injustice arising from voluntary military service.C. A shortage of recruit.D. The weakening of national defense.55. 55.When Patrick considered his time in the army "in retrospect," he______.A. regretted his waste of time serving in the armyB. corrected his previous view on military serviceC. still felt sorrow for those under a forced serviceD. revealed his failure to get on with people56. 56.We learn from the passage that French women______.A. are greeting the reform with enthusiasmB. are not eligible to serve in the armyC. do not **pulsory military serviceD. hate to be exempted from military service57. 57.Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?A. Fairness in Conscription Is DesirableB. Chirac's Administration Meets ObjectionsC. Soul of France Is to Be Kept with ArmsD. Few French Regret the Farewell to ArmsMost people who develop Lyme disease, a tick-born infection that's endemic in parts of the Northeast and Midwest, are easily cured by taking an antibiotic like doxycycline for a couple of weeks. But for years a debate has raged over what to do about patients whose symptoms(fatigue, mental confusion, joint pain)never seem to clear up. One small but vocal group of doctors and patient advocates believes that Lyme's corkscrew-shaped spirochetes have tunneled deep into their victims' bodies and can be eradicated only with intensive antibiotic treatment over many months. Another group believes, just as adamantly, that the bacteria are long gone, making further treatment with powerful antibiotics—which can lead to potentially fatal infections or bloodclots—positively dangerous.**es word of two studies in the New England Journal of Medicine that show that long-term antibiotic treatment is no better than a placebo for folks with chronic Lyme disease. Originally scheduled for publication in July, the research is part of a group of findings made public last week—just in time for the peak Lyme months of June and July. If confirmed by another major study that's looking at chronic Lyme and antibiotics from a slightly different perspective, the results would seem to settle the question once and for all.Researchers from Boston, New Haven, Conn., and V alhalla, N. Y., followed 129 patients who had previously been treated for well-documented cases of Lyme disease. Sixty-four were given antibiotics directly into their veins for a month, followed by two months of oral antibiotics. The others received dummy medications. A third of the chronic Lyme patients got better while taking the antibiotics. But so did a third of those on the placebo. Indeed, the results were so similar that a monitoring board decided to cut the trials short rather than add more subjects to the test groups.Unfortunately, the debate over chronic Lyme has become so heated that no one expects the controversy to go away. But both sides may **fort in the other findings that were released by the New England Journal last week. After studying 482 subjects bitten by deer ticks in a part of New York with a lot of Lyme disease, researchers concluded that a singly 200-mg dose of doxycycline dramatically cut the risk of contracting the disease. That good news is tempered somewhat by the fact that 80% of patients who develop the infection don't remember ever being bitten by a tick.(The bugs inject an anesthetic into the skin to mask the pain and in their nymph stage are so small—about the size of a poppy seed—that they are easily overlooked.)There's still plenty you can do to protect yourself in a Lyme-infested neighborhood: tuck your pants in your socks, spray DEET on your clothing, check yourself and your kids for ticks. And if you develop a spreading red rash—particularly if it's accompanied by joint pain, chills or confusion—make sure you see a doctor right away. The trick, as always, is to be vigilant without overreacting.58. 58.According to the passage, Lyme disease______.A. is one of the contagious diseasesB. is spread by a kind of tiny bugsC. causes infection all over the bodyD. develops against any painkillers59. 59.With respect to treating chronic Lyme, ______.A. even the patients doubt the antibiotic treatmentB. doxycycline has been regarded as the most effectiveC. doctors disagree as to the effect of strong antibioticsD. moderate antibiotics are better than intensive ones60. 60.The word "adamantly"(in boldface)is closest in meaning to______.A. unprejudicedlyB. undoubtedlyC. understandablyD. unyieldingly61. 61.As the contest shows, a placebo is______.A. a dummy medicationB. a chronic Lyme patientC. one peak Lyme monthD. better than an antibiotic62. 62.How is the experiment with 129 patients related to the argument stated in Paragraph 2?A. It aims to look at the problem from a different perspective.B. The experiment result shows the contrary to the argument.C. The experiment result gives a support to the argument.D. It aims to provide an alternative solution to the problem.63. 63.The good news to both sides of the debate is that______.A. an infected majority didn't sense any tick bitingB. one dose of antibiotics may prevent the infectionC. doxycycline is strong enough to end the infectionD. antibiotics live up to their reputation to cure Lyme64. 64.What useful information can be drawn from the passage by a chronic Lyme patient?A. We are still not out of the woods in curing the disease.B. They should take cautions against being further infection.C. We have both traditional and new ways to treat the disease.D. They should keep alert while traveling in a Lyme-infected area.65. 65.In what kind of style is the passage written?A. Narrative.B. Argumentative.C. Informative.D. Descriptive.English-Chinese TranslationAs Apple prepares to report what(analysts project)may be **pany's first year-over-year quarterly earnings decline in a decade on Tuesday, it is also grappling with jittery investors and a recent share-price plunge that has wiped about $ 280 billion off its market capitalization since its stock reached a high of $ 702. 10 last September.【T1】Much of the investor nervousness is rooted in how Wall Street is treating and valuing the Cupertino, Calif. , company as a traditional hardware maker. One camp of analysts and some investors said there is strong evidence that Apple should be viewed in a different light: as a software-hardware hybrid.The distinction matters. If it continues to be seen as a hardware business, Apple's streak—driven by products like the iPhone and iPad—could run out quickly as smartphones and tablets **moditized and consumer tastes change. 【T2】It is a lesson learned by companies like BlackBerry-maker Research In Motion Ltd. , whose tech hardware was quickly eclipsed by products from Apple itself.If Apple is classified as a software-hardware hybrid, **pany could be valued more like Internet and software makers that have recurring revenue streams and that often trade at higher price-to-earnings ratios than hardware firms."The market views Apple as a consumer **pany tied to product cycles that drive volatile revenue and earnings streams," says Morgan Stanley analyst Katy Huber-ty. 【T3】But that view isn't complete, she says, since "Apple customers buy into a brand that offers ease of use similar to。
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www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校中国农业大学考博英语试题：考博英语词汇自测题1.IwasspeakingtoAnnonthephonewhensuddenlywewere_______.A.hungupB.hungbackC.cutdownD.cutoff参考答案：D解析：正确答案选D。(A)hungup："把……挂起来，挂断电话"。(B)hungback："犹豫；踌躇不前"。(C)cutdown："砍倒"。(D)cutoff："突然中断，切断，打断"。(B)、(C)与原句意思较远，应立即排除。(A)虽可作"挂断电话"解，但是通常指双方通话期间，其中一方把电话挂断。本句的后半句是"weare---"，显然在双方通话期间，没有任何一方把电话挂断，而是外来因素(如：接线员)把"我们的通话突然中断了。"(D)符合句意，应填(D)。2.Shewonderedifshecouldhavetheopportunitytospend_______heresothatshecouldlearnmoreaboutthecity.A.sometimesB.sometimeC.sometimeD.sometimes参考答案：B（PS:ThewaytocontactyumingkaoboTEL:silingling-liuliuba-liujiuqibaQQ:772678537)
解析：正确答案选B。(A)sometimes："有时"。(B)sometime："一些时间"。(C)sometime："以前的，一度的，前任的"。(D)sometimes："在某些场合，不时"。从句意上看，应填(B)。全句的意思是：她不知道她是否有机会在此处花一些时间以便使她更多了解这个城市的情况。3.Ms.Breenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe_______witheveryonewhocomestothestore.A.acceptedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted参考答案：D解析：正确答案选D。四个备选答案中能和with相搭配的只有(D)acquainted，与with连在一起意为"熟悉"。故应选(D)。(A)accepted："接受"，(B)admitted："承认，接受"和(C)admired："羡慕"均不能与with相搭配，故均应排除。4.Hedoesnot_______asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.A.equalB.matchC.qualifyD.fitwww.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校参考答案：C解析：正确答案选C。(A)equal作动词用时意为"等于，比得上"。(B)match："与……相匹敌，使较量"。(C)qualify："有资格"。(D)fit："使合适，使符合"。根据句意，应选(C)qualify。全句的意思是：他当英文教师不够资格，因为他的发音糟透了。5.Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen_______thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.A.pursuingB.chasingC.reachingD.winning参考答案：A解析：正确答案选A。goal只与四个备选答案中的(A)pursuing："追求，寻求"和(C)reaching"达到"相搭配，故(B)chasing："追逐"和(D)winning："赢得"应立即排除。由于(C)reaching(thegoal)指已达到的目标，实际上句中所说的"利用太阳光分裂水分子"的方法仍在摸索中，尚未变成现实，故(C)也应排除。(A)pursuing指正在"寻求"达到上述目标的方法，符合句意，故(A)为正确答案。6.Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat_______thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.A.atlargeB.atintervalsC.ateaseD.atrandom参考答案：B解析：正确答案选B。(A)atlarge："自由行动，消遥自在地"。(B)atintervals："不时，时时"。(C)atease："不紧张，自由自在"。(D)atrandom："随便，随机的，随意的"。根据句意应填(B)。全句的意思是：讲座会开得那么冗长使人精疲力尽，致使发言的人不时停下来喝点饮料。refreshments也可作"点心"解。7.Whentraveling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers'checks,whichprovideasecure_______tocarryingyourmoneyincash.A.substituteB.selectionC.preferenceD.alternative参考答案：D解析：正确答案选D。(A)substitute："代替，代替物"。(B)selection："选择"，指从相当数量中进行选择，强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别。(C)preference："喜欢，偏爱"，强调选择时个人的偏爱。(D)altermative："两者或两者以上挑一；取舍，抉择"。根据题意，外出旅行，带钱时只有少数几种选择：现款；旅行支票或信用卡。四个备选答案中，最接近题意的是(D)alternative："从两个(或两个以上)中挑其中一种选择"。故(D)为正确答案。www.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校8.InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha________character.A.graciousB.suspiciousC.uniqueD.particular参考答案：B解析：正确答案选B。(A)gracious："有礼貌的，宽厚的，优美的"。(B)suspicious："多疑的，可疑的"，常指所怀疑的对象或事情未必是真的，带有"疑神疑鬼"、"神经过敏"的含义。(C)unique："独一无二的，唯一的"。(D)particular："特别的"，带有引人注目的意思。根据句意，应选(B)。全句的意思为：我从不相信他，因为我总认为他是那种多疑的人。判断时请注意，句子前半句是"我从不相信他"，根据逻辑关系，故可以肯定后面描述他的字眼肯定不是什么好字眼，四个备选答案中，唯有(B)是带贬义的词，故可肯定(B)为正确答案。9.Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction参考答案：A解析：正确答案选A。(A)absorption："吸收"。(B)transition："传送，过渡，传递"。(C)consumption："消费，消耗"。(D)interaction："相互作用"。根据句意，应填(A)。四个选项都是以-tion为结尾，但意思却相差甚远。全句的意思是：水从固态变成液态时，吸收它周围所有物质的热量，而这种吸收便在它的周围产生人为的低温状态。10.Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposelymyideastoproveyourpoint.A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting参考答案：C解析：正确答案选C。(A)revising："改编，修改"。(B)contradicting："自相矛盾"。(C)distorting："歪曲，曲解"。(D)distracting："分神，打扰，迷惑"。很明显，备选答案中只有(C)distorting符合句意，故(C)为正确答案。(A)、(B)和(D)填入句中均说不通，或很别扭，故均应排除。11.Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered_______ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.A.indistinctlyB.separatelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently参考答案：Dwww.kaobo100.com中国考博辅导首选学校解析：正确答案选D。(A)indistinctly："不清楚地，分不清地"，强调"看不清、听不清"，以致无法弄清。(B)separately："分离地"，强调可以分开的。(C)irrelevantly："无关地，不相干地"，强调相互没有关系。(D)independently："独立地，单独地"，强调独立性，与别的人、事关系不大。根据题意，只有(D)比较接近原句子的意思，故应选(D)。全句意为：语言、文化和个性可以认为是在意识形态中相互独立的，但事实上它们是无法分开的。12.Watchingmepullingthecalfawkwardlytothebarn,theIrishmilkmaidfoughthardto_______herlaughter.A.holdbackB.holdonC.holdoutD.holdup参考答案：A解析：正确答案选A。(A)holdback："忍住，抑制，踌躇"。(B)holdon："继续，坚持"。(C)holdout："伸出，坚持"。(D)holdup："阻挡，举起，拦截"。四个备选答案中，(A)比较接近句意，故应选(A)。全句意思为：看到我费劲地把小牛拉回牲口棚，那爱尔兰挤奶女工极力忍住没笑出声来。13.Themangergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher________attitudetowardcustomers.A.impartialB.mildC.hostileD.opposing参考答案：C解析：正确答案选C。(A)impartial："公正的"。(B)mild："温和的"。(C)hostile："敌对的"。(D)opposing："面对的，相对的，相反的"。根据句意，(C)与句意最为接近，故应选(C)。全句的意思是：经理向其中一位女售货员投以指责的目光，因为她对顾客持敌对态度。14.I________withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewcolumn.A.exressB.confessC.verifyD.acknowledge参考答案：D解析：正确答案选D。(A)express："表示，表达"，指表达思想或感情。(B)confess："坦白"，指犯了错误或犯了罪之后坦白自己的错误或罪行。(C)verify："证实，相证，核实"，指核对某事是否属实。(D)acknowledge："承认"，主要指承认事实。显然，(D)最接近句子的意思，故应选(D)。全句的意思是：我以感激的心情承认在准备这个新的专栏时我的同事给我的帮助。15.Itisstrictly_______thataccesstoconfidentialdocumetsisdeniedtoallbutafew.A.securedB.forbiddenC.regulated