法律体系英文介绍【精品
法律常用英语
法律常用英语As an AI language model, I can provide you with a sample of 1000 words in English commonly used in the field of law:1. Legal System: The legal system refers to the framework of laws, rules, and institutions through which justice is administered.2. Legislation: Legislation is the process of making laws or the laws themselves created by a legislative body.3. Statute: A statute is a law created by a legislative body, also known as an act.4. Constitution: The constitution is the fundamental law of a country that establishes the framework of government and guarantees certain rights and freedoms.5. Case Law: Case law refers to the law established by previous court decisions, which can be used as a precedent in similar cases.6. Court: A court is a governmental body that has the authority to make legal decisions, administer justice, and enforce the law.7. Judge: A judge is an official who presides over a court of law and makes decisions based on the law and evidence presented in a case.8. Attorney/Lawyer: An attorney or lawyer is a person qualified to practice law and represents clients in legal matters.9. Defendant: The defendant is the person or party being accused or sued in a criminal or civil case.10. Plaintiff: The plaintiff is the person or party who brings a case against another party in a civil lawsuit.11. Trial: A trial is a formal examination of evidence and arguments in court to determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant or the outcome of a civil dispute.12. Bail: Bail is the temporary release of an accused person from custody, usually with a financial guarantee, until their trial.13. Criminal Law: Criminal law is the branch of law that deals with crimes and the punishment of individuals who commit them.14. Civil Law: Civil law is the branch of law that deals with disputes between individuals or organizations, excluding criminal matters.15. Legal Rights: Legal rights are the entitlements and protections granted to individuals by the law.16. Tort: A tort is a civil wrong or injury caused by one person to another, resulting in legal liability.17. Contract: A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties, outlining the rights and obligations of each party.18. Copyright: Copyright refers to the exclusive right given to the creator of a literary, artistic, or intellectual work to reproduce, distribute, and profit from that work.19. Patent: A patent is a government grant that gives inventors the exclusive right to make, use, and sell their invention for a specified period.20. Trademark: A trademark is a distinctive sign, word, or symbol used by a business to distinguish its products or services from others.21. Intellectual Property: Intellectual property refers to creations of the mind, such as inventions, literary and artistic works, and symbols, that are protected by laws.22. Legal Advice: Legal advice is professional guidance provided by a lawyer or attorney to clients on legal matters.23. Power of Attorney: Power of attorney is a legal document that grants authority to a person to act on behalf of another person in legal or financial matters.24. Affidavit: An affidavit is a written statement made under oath and signed by a witness, used as evidence in court.25. Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction refers to the authority of a court to hear and decide a specific case.26. Habeas Corpus: Habeas corpus is a legal term that refers to theright of a person to challenge their detention before a court and be released if the detention is found to be unlawful.27. Legal Aid: Legal aid is a system that provides free or subsidized legal services to individuals who cannot afford legal representation.28. Mediation: Mediation is a process in which a neutral third party helps parties in a dispute reach a mutually acceptable resolution without going to court.29. Arbitration: Arbitration is a process in which a neutral arbitrator or panel reviews evidence and makes a legally binding decision to resolve a dispute.30. Due Process: Due process is the principle that ensures fair treatment and protection of rights in legal proceedings.These are just a few examples of common legal terms and concepts used in the English language. The field of law is vast and complex, with numerous specialized terms and phrases specific to different areas of law.。
法律英语（持续更新中）
法律英语/Lawsuit 诉讼Jurist 法学家Law Court 法庭Judiciary 司法的Statute 法规条例Legal System 法系--- legal family;legal group; legal traditionCommon Law Tradition 普通法律系，又称英美法系Civil Law Tradition 民法法律系，又称大陆法系Socialist Legal Tradition 社会主义法律传统Code 法典Legislator 立法者Magistrate 地方法官Law-abiding 守法的Attorney 律师Law breaker 犯法者Solicitor 事务律师Illegal 违法的Law-officer 检察长Illegitimate 违法的Trial 审判Case analysis 案例分析Appellate Courts 上诉法院American court system 美国法院Each state has the power to establish its own court system, so no two states have idential court systems.The American federal court system consists of the Unites States District Court, the Unites States Court of Appeal and the United States Supreme Court.美国联邦法院系统有美国地区法院，美国上诉法院和美国最高法院组成.The lowest or trial initiating level is the united states District court. 最低或开始审判的是美国地区法院.The trial process which the courts in the United States use is the adotrsaria/adversary system.美国法院的审判程序采用的是对抗式审判制.The appeals courts may affirm, modify or reverse the judgement. 上诉法院可以维持，修改或撤销原判.Inferior court 下级法院City court 城市法院Police court 警察法院Justice of peace court 治安法院Municipal Or misdemeanor court 城市或轻罪法院Trial court of general jurisdiciton 一般管辖权法院District court 地方法院Circuit court 巡回法院Supreme court 最高法院V erdict 陪审团一致通过的裁决Judgement 法院的判决Plaintiff 原告Defendant 被告Superior court 上级法院Appellant 上诉人Respondant 被上诉人Complaint 起诉状Answer 答辩状Public law: 公法包括Constitutional Law 宪法Adminstrative Law 行政法Criminal Law 刑法Private Law私法包括Civil Law 民法Commercial Law 商法Civil Procedure 民事诉讼程序Labour Law 劳动法Agricultural Law 农业法Social Security 社会保障Adminstrative authorities and Citizens 行政机构和公民Civil Codes 民法典Seperate commercial code 独立的商业法典Literary and artistic property 著作权和艺术产权Maritime Law 海商法Insurance and Industrial Property 保险和工业产权。
介绍英国法院系统的作文英语
The court system in the United Kingdom is a complex and intricate network of tribunals that adjudicate legal disputes and uphold the rule of law. It comprises various levels of courts, each with specific jurisdictions and powers, ensuring a hierarchical and orderly administration of justice.At the apex of the system stands the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, which is the final appellate court for civil cases in England, Wales, and Scotland, as well as criminal cases in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It hears appeals from lower courts and tribunals, ensuring the consistent interpretation and application of the law across the country.Below the Supreme Court lies a tier of appellate courts, including the Court of Appeal in England and Wales, the Court of Session in Scotland, and the Court of Appeal in Criminal Cases in England and Wales. These courts hear appeals from decisions made by lower courts, providing an additional layer of scrutiny and review.The lower courts, which deal with the majority of cases, include the High Court of Justice in England and Wales, the Court of Justice in Scotland, and the Crown Court in England and Wales for criminal cases. These courts have original jurisdiction over a wide range of legal issues, from civil disputes to criminal trials.In addition to these traditional courts, the UK court system also includes tribunals and specialist courts, such as employment tribunals, immigration tribunals, and the Family Court. These tribunals and courts are designed to deal with specific types of cases efficiently and effectively, providing a more tailored and specializedapproach to justice.The UK court system is also renowned for its independence and impartiality. Judges are appointed based on their legal expertise and integrity, and they are expected to uphold the law impartially, without fear or favor. The adversarial nature of the UK court system also ensures that both parties in a dispute have the opportunity to present their case and argue their position.In conclusion, the UK court system is a comprehensive and robust framework that ensures the fair and consistent administration of justice. It provides a range of tribunals and courts to deal with different types of cases, ensuring that justice is served in a timely and effective manner.。
法律英语(Topic_2_Legal_System)
Most fields of private law still consist primarily of case law and the extensive and steadily growing statutory continues to be subject to binding interpretation through case law. 私法的大多数领域主要包括判例法， 以及广泛的不断增加的成文法，这些 成文法继续通过判例法受制于有约束 力的法律解释。
2014-11-3
法律英语
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When hundreds and thousands of documents strihundred years, we have a right to say that is the keynote. 当一百多年来成百上千的文件敲击出始 终如一的音调时，我们可以说这就是基 调。
2014-11-3 法律英语 22
Knowledge Technique central importance for an understanding of American law and legal methodology
2014-11-3 法律英语 23
The common law is historically the common general law —— with supremacy over local law —— which was decreed by the itinerant judges of the English royal court. 普通法在历史上是普通综合法，由英国 皇家法院的巡回法官颁布的普通综合法 地位高于地方法。
法律英语词汇、法
• Distinction： • 1) libel, slandering 都是诽谤行为, 但前者主要 指书面诽谤，后者则为口头诽谤，其统称为 defamation。 • 2) affray, nuisance同为滋扰罪，前者主要指 聚众打架斗殴之类的滋扰；后者则尤指作些公 众普遍讨厌的事情，如在夜间大声喧哗扰众之 类的行为。
• Distinction: abettor & instigator 虽然两者概 念上同属教唆犯，但abettor的原形abet，作为 动词，在程度上与后者（instigate）似乎还有 一定的差异：前者可指协助、帮助某人做某事 （尤其是坏事）,但一般都指干犯较轻的违法 行为；但后者可以是教唆、唆使某人干犯较严 重的罪行，如煽动兵变(mutiny)之类严重罪行 • 已经定罪的（the convicted） • 疑犯（suspect） • 疑犯或犯法者（offender） • 犯罪分子（criminal element）
• 律师的英文名很多：lawyer、 solicitor、barrister、 advocate、attorney、counsel、counselor、 counselor-at-law、legal practitioner、legal representative、legal agent、legal advisor • lawyer 和attorney 是从事律师行业人士的统称。 lawyer作为律师，可以担当公司顾问、组织者以及谈 判者等泛律师（paralegal）事务的职责；但attorney 似乎跟代表客户出庭的职责有更紧密的联系，不过该 词在美国更常使用；counsel与advisor指代的对象比 较具体，虽然也可指代出庭律师，但一般来讲，主要 指代为公司提供顾问或咨询性质服务的律师。而 advocate 与英国制的barrister 职能一样：都是指出 庭辩护律师（代讼人）。
法律英语词汇大全(完美打印版)76199---精品模板
法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law；precedent普通法common law特别法special law固有法native law；indigenous law继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法解释judicial interpretation习惯法customary law公序良俗public order and moral自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo—American law 大陆法系civil law system普通法common law大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system衡平法equity；law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为ac不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权利权利能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion请求权right of claim物上请求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter—argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter—argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right 非专属权non—exclusive right人身权利personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health 姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活秘密权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right 亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权利的保护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权利本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self—help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi—interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住所domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place 户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person特别合伙special partnership普通合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership；dormant partnership 私营企业private enterprise；proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state—owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino—foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业Sino—foreign contractual enterprise 社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act法律翻译公司诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act 从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent；legal agent委托代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权委托书power of attorney代理行为act of agency委托代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel；apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer普通代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理委托书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house 信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time；termination of prescription 期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law；governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibilityof default有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence；negligent liability 过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim's fault第三人过错third party's fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice故意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形损失tangible damage/loss无形损失intangible damage/loss财产损失property damage/loss人身损失personal damage/loss精神损失spiritual damage/loss 民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除妨碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle消除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property恢复原状restitution；restitution of original state赔偿损失compensate for a loss；indemnify for a loss支付违约金payment of liquidated damage消除影响eliminate ill effects恢复名誉rehabilitate one’s reputation赔礼道歉extend a formal apology物权jus ad rem；right in rem；real right物权制度real right system；right in rem system一物一权原则the principal of One thing, One Right物权法定主义principal of legality of right in rem物权公示原则principal of public summons of right in rem物权法jus rerem物property生产资料raw material for production生活资料means of livelihood; means of subsistence流通物res in commercium; a thing in commerce限制流通物limited merchantable thing禁止流通物res extra commercium; a thing out of commerce资产asset固定资产fixed asset流动资产current asset；floating asset动产movables；chattel不动产immovable; real estate特定物res certae；a certain thing种类物genus; indefinite thing可分物res divisibiles；divisible things不可分物res indivisibiles; indivisible things主物res capitalis； a principal thing从物res accessoria; an accessory thing原物original thing孳息fruits天然孳息natural fruits法定孳息legal fruits无主物bona vacatia；vacant goods；ownerless goods遗失物lost property漂流物drifting object埋藏物fortuna; hidden property货币currency证券securities债券bond物权分类classification of right in rem/real right自物权jus in re propria; right of full ownership 所有权dominium；ownership; title所有权凭证document of title; title of ownership占有权dominium utile；equitable ownership使用权right of use；right to use of收益权right to earnings；right to yields处分权right of disposing; jus dispodendi善意占有possession in good faith恶意占有malicious possession按份共有several possession共同共有joint possession他物权jus in re aliena用益物权real right for usufruct使用权right to use；right of use土地使用权right to the use of land林权forest ownership采矿权mining ownership经营权managerial authority; power of management承包经营权right to contracted management相邻权neighboring right; relatedright地上权superficies永佃权jus emphyteuticum; right to landed estate granted in perpetuity through a contract地役权servitude; easement人役权servitus personarum; personal servitude担保物权real right for security物的担保security for thing物的瑕疵担保warranty against defect of a thing抵押权hypotheca; hypothecation; right to mortgage抵押权的设定creation of right to mortgage抵押人mortgagor抵押权人mortgagee抵押标的物collateral；estate under mortgage抵押权的效力deffect of right to mortgage抵押权的次序sequence of right to mortgage抵押权的抛弃abandonment of right to mortgage抵押权的让与alienation of right to mortgage抵押权的实现materialization of right to mortgage抵押权的消灭extinction of right tomortgageregistration of estate under mortgage抵押物登记registration of estate under mortgage抵押优先权priority of mortgage留置权lien一般留置权general lien特别留置权special lien质权hypotheque; pledge; right of pledge佃权tenant right债权jus in personam; right to give or procure；claim; creditor’s right债权人creditor 债务人debtor相对人counterpart; offeree给付give；pay债务debt；liability；obligation债务的偿还payment of debt债务的偿清discharge of debt债务的担保guarantee of debt债务的合并consolidation of debt债务的给付日期debt maturity债务的免除exemption of debt债的分类obligatio；obligation法定之债legal obligation任意之债voluntary obligation简单之债simple obligation选择之债alternative obligation主债prime/principal obligation从债accessory obligation单一之债single obligation按份之债several obligation连带之债joint obligation特定之债certain obligation种类之债indefinite obligation合同之债contractual obligation侵权行为之债tort obligation损害赔偿之债obligation of compensation for injury；obligation of damages人身损害damage to person精神损害moral/mental/spiritual damage 医药费hospital treatment expense医疗费medical charge抚恤金pension慰问金consolation money产品瑕疵defect of product不当得利unjust enrichment无因管理voluntary service债的担保guarantee of obligation财产担保property guarantee信用担保credit guarantee让与担保alienation guarantee保证guaranty明示保证express guaranty默示保证implied guaranty保证人guarantor保证合同contract of guaranty/suretyship 保证金guaranty bond; security deposit 押金deposit；foregift预付款advanced payment定金earnest money；deposit违约金liquidated damages法定违约金liquidated damages by law 约定违约金liquidated damages by agreement债的履行performance of obligation实际履行原则doctrine of specific performance情事变更原则doctrine of change of circumstances不当履行misfeasance清偿discharge；satisfaction提存debtor’s submission of the subject matter of obligation to competent authority抵销setoff知识产权intellectual property知识产权国际保护international protection of intellectual property国民待遇原则doctrine of national treatment优先权原则a right of priority doctrine自动保护原则doctrine of automatic protection特许权使用费royalties智力成果intellectual property著作权copyright版权copyright著作权人copyright owner创作creation作品opus；product；work著作人格权right of personality of copyright发表权right of publication署名权right of authorship; right of paternity修改权right of modification；right of revision完整性保持权right to maintain integrity不可侵犯权inviolability收回权right of recall; right of retrieval自费出版publish a book at the author’s own expense著作财产权property right in work使用收益分享权right to share usufruct利用权right to make use of获得报酬权right to get payment重播权right of rebroadcasting录制权right of fixation机械复制权right of mechanograph；right of mechanical reproduction著作邻接权neighboring right of copyright剽窃plagiary; plagiarism盗版pirate盗版VCD pirated VCD伪造forge工业产权industrial property专利权patent right优先权日priority date申请在先原则prior application rule使用在先priority of use新颖性novelty创造性creativity 实用性practicability发明创造invention and creation实用新型utility model外观设计design；industrial design发明权right of invention发现权right of discovery专利申请patent application专利异议objection to a patent专利公告patent gazette专利续展费renewal fee of patent专利许可协议patent licensing agreement技术诀窍know-how专有技术know-how专利证书certificate of patent专利事务所patent office专利代理patent agency中华人民共和国专利局Patent Office of the People’s Republic of China商标权trademark right商标国际注册international registration of trademark商品商标commodity trademark服务商标service trademark驰名商标reputed trademark广告商标advertisement trademark近似商标similar trademark商标评审委员会trade review and appraisal board商标审查trademark examination商标侵权trademark infringement商标注册registered trademark商标公告trademark gazette注册商标使用许可licensing of registered trademark 注册商标转让assignment of registered trademark商标使用许可协议trademark licensing agreement商标事务所trademark office商标代理trademark agency婚姻、家庭、继承、收养marriage, family，inheritance，adoption婚姻法marital law；marriage law包办婚姻arranged marriage财产分割partition; dismemberment of property重婚bigamy独生子女only child法律婚legal marriage非婚生子女illegitimate child夫妻共同财产community property夫妻关系conjugal relationship夫妻分居divorce a mensa et thoro；divorce from bed and board复婚resumption of marriage感情破裂incompatibility 婚后财产公证notarization of postnuptial properties 婚姻登记marriage registration婚生子女ligitimate child计划生育birth control结婚marry离婚divorce买卖婚姻mercenary marriage拟制血亲blood relations in fiction of law旁系血亲collateral relation blood relation涉外婚姻marriage with foreign elements配偶spouse事实婚de facto marriage诉讼离婚divorce by litigation探视权visitation right同居cohabitation晚婚late marriage无效婚姻void marriage协议离婚divorce by agreement一夫一妻制monogamy早婚early marriage直系血亲lineal descent自然血亲natural blood relation收养法adoption law收养协议adoption agreement收养人adoptive parent送养人person or institution placing out a child for adoption涉外收养adoption with foreign elements继承法inheritance law; law of succession法定继承legal seccession遗嘱继承intestate succession遗赠继承succession by devise自然继承natural succession代位继承representation; succession by subrogation世袭继承hereditary succession间接继承indirect succession转继承subsuccession共同继承joint succession单独继承single succession继承人heir; successor第二顺序继承人successor second in order第一顺序继承人successor first in order继承参与人succession participant遗产inheritance；heritage遗产继承人heir to property; inheritor遗言last will and testament遗书last words遗赠bequest；legacy；devise遗赠抚养协议legacy—support agreement 会计法accounting law税法tax law；taxation law反不正当竞争法anti—unfair competition law消费者权益保护法consumer’s interest protection law产品责任法production liability law消费者权益法consumer rights and interests law公司法company law; corporate law公司company；corporation有限责任公司limited liability company股份有限公司company limited by shares无限公司unlimited company股份两合公司joint stock limited liability partnership两合公司joint liability company控股公司holding company集团公司group company合资公司joint venture company联营公司associated company；affiliated company国营公司state-own company国有公司state—owned company民营公司civilian-run company本国公司national/domestic company外国公司foreign company上市公司listed company母公司parent company子公司subsidiary皮包公司briefcase company；fundless company募集设立incorporation by stock floatation发起人floater; initiator公司名称name of company公司住址domicile of company出资contribution; capital subscription现金出资investment in cash实物出资investment in kind工业产权出资investment in industrial property right非专有技术出资investment in non—patent technology劳务出资investment in labor高新技术成果出资investment in hi—tech achievements注册资本registered capital实缴资本paid—in capital验资报告capital verification report会计师事务所certified public accountants注册会计师certified public accountant资本三原则three doctrine of capital资本确定原则doctrine of capital determination资本维持原则doctrine of capital maintenance资本不变原则doctrine of unchanging capital最低资本额制度minimum capital system公司章程articles of association；articles of incorporation; bylaw公司登记incorporation; corporate registration公司存续existence of company公司合并分立merger and split of company公司并购corporate merger and acquisition公司管理corporate governance; company management公司法律顾问corporate counsel公司整顿company rectification公司歇业closure of business公司和解company composition公司解散company dissolution公司清算company liquidation公司清理company winding—up竞业禁止non—commpete; competition prohibition招股章程prospectus股本stock capital股东shareholder股东大会shareholders’meeting股东大会决议resolution of shareholders’meeting股东大会议事规则rule of procedure of shareholders’meeting表决权voting right; right to vote董事director董事长president/chairman of the board首席执行官chief executive officer（CEO)首席运营官chief operation officer(COO）执行董事executive director常务董事managing director董事会board of directors董事会领导下的经理负责制responsibility system of the chief executive officer under the leadership of the board of directors经理独立负责制manager independent responsibility system监事supervisor监事会board of supervisors股share；stock普通股common stock特别股special stock资格股qualification stock优先股preferred stock劣后股inferior stock表决权股stock with voting power溢价股premium stock折价股converting stock国家股state—owned share集体股collective share法人股corporate share企业股enterprise share个人股individual share股息dividend红股bonus stock；dividend stock 法定公积金legal accumulation fund资本公积金capital accumulation fund盈余公积金surplus accumulation fund任意公积金optional accumulation fund公司犯罪corporate crime证券法securities law证券发行issuance of securities证券上市list securities; float an issue证券交易所stock exchange证券商securities dealer证券公司securities company证券承销商consortium of underwriters证券承销合同underwriting contract证券经纪人securities broker披露制度disclosing system交割日closing date风险投资基金venture capital fund上海证券交易所Shanghai Stock Exchange深圳证券交易所Shenzhen Stock Exchange证券监督委员会securities supervision committee 票据法law of negotiable instrument票据notes；bills; commercial instruments商业票据bill; commercial instrument远期票据time bill;；long-dated bill到期票据matured bill即期票据sight bill记名票据bill payable to order；note to order 不记名票据bearer instrument本票promissory note支票cheque汇票bill of exchange发票日ticket day出票日date of draft/issue发票地place of draft/issue票据到期日bill to mature票据金额sum of bill票面价额face value票据出票人drawer票据持票人bill holder票据承兑人bill acceptor票据行为act on commercial paper承兑票据honor a bill票据议付negotiation拒付票据protest a bill票据付款人drawee票据支付人payer on commercial instrument 票据收款人bill collector票据背书人endorser/indorser of a bill被背书人endorsee 票据保证人bill guarantor票据被保证人bill pledgee/warrantee再追索人renewed recourser前手remote holder后手subsequent endorser票据权利right of bill票据期限term of bill；tenor票据债务人debtor of commercial instrument追索权right of recourse票据抗辩exception to bill票据丧失loss of bill票据时效prescription of exchanges票据贴现discount of bill再贴现rediscount of bill恩惠期间term of benevolence票据代理agency for notes/bills/commercial instruments海商法maritime law船舶国籍证书certificate of registry；certificate of ship's nationality船棋国flag country船舶所有权证书certificate of ship ownership船舶检验register of ship船舶保险insurance on hull船舶保险单hull insurance policy船舶登记证书certificate of registry船舶丈量tonnage measurement of ships船舶进港费groundage船舶抵押ship mortgage船舶租赁ship chartering船舶转租ship subchartering船舶所有人责任限制limitation of liabilities of ship owners船舶碰撞ship collision船舶遇难maritime distress海上灾难perils of the sea海上拖航marine towage船舶扣押detention of ship船舶债权ship's credit船级社classification society船级证书certificate of class海上留置权maritime lien船舶留置权maritime lien船舶抵押权maritime mortgage海上优先请求权priority claim to seagoing ships救助优先权priority claim to salvage共同海损优先权priority claim to general average服务优先权priority claim to service货物损害优先权priority claim to cargo damage传播抵押借款和货物抵押借款优先权priority claim to ship credit and goods credit 海运合同shipping contract提单bill of lading（B/L）空舱费dead freight租船费charterage租船合同charter—party contract of affreightment期租船合同time charter-party；time CP航次租船合同voyage charter-party定期租船合同time charter-party光船租船合同bareboat charter-party; bareboat CP包租运输合同shipping charter—party海上旅客运输合同contract for carriage of passengers by sea远洋拖带合同contract of ocean towage港内拖带合同contract of port towage海难救助合同salvage contract海事报告master’s protest;; sea protest海事声明书sea protest海事争议maritime dispute海事法院maritime court;; admiralty court海事诉讼程序maritime proceedings船舶碰撞案件的民事管辖权civil jurisdiction of sea collision船舶碰撞案件的刑事管辖权criminal jurisdiction of sea collision海事争议的审理hearing/trial of maritime disputes海事诉讼保全措施measures for maritime attachment海事优先请求权preferential right top maritime claim海事请求保全申请书application/petition for maritime attachment海事诉讼法律文书送达service of legal instruments in maritime action/proceedings涉外海事诉讼管辖权jurisdiction of maritime action involving for elements强制变卖被扣押船舶compulsory realization of the distrained ship海事仲裁程序规则rules of maritime arbitration procedure保险法insurance law自愿保险voluntary insurance强制保险compulsory insurance商业保险commercial insurance财产保险property insurance人身保险personal insurance人寿保险life insurance健康保险health insurance意外保险accident insurance社会保险social insurance养老保险endowment insurance医疗保险medical insurance失业保险unemployment insurance信用保险credit insurance保证保险guaranty insurance 保险合同insurance contract保险人insurer; underwriter被保险人the insured受益人benificiary投保人applicant for insurance;; policy holder 保险单insurance policy保险标的insurance object保险费premium保险期限time limit of insurance保险利益insurable interest保险金额insurance；insurance compensation 保险事故insurance accident保险赔偿insurance indemnity保险代理人insurance agent保险经纪人insurance broker索赔claim代位索赔claim by subrogation理赔settlement of claim代位求偿权right of subrogation委付abandonment退保cancellation/discharging of insurance。
中国自主法学知识体系的英文
中国自主法学知识体系的英文Title: The English Framework of China's Independent Legal Knowledge SystemAs the world's most populous nation with a rich tapestry of history and culture, China has developed a unique legal knowledge system that reflects its own values, traditions, and societal needs. The English framework of China's independent legal knowledge system encompasses a set of principles, concepts, laws, and institutions that are distinct from Western jurisprudence, yet increasingly integrated into the global legal discourse.At the heart of this system lies a respect for harmony, balance, and order—values deeply rooted in Chinese philosophy and social organization. Unlike the adversarial approach often seen in common law systems, Chinese law emphasizes mediation and consensus-building as primary means to resolve disputes. This is reflected in the widespread use of mediation committees at the community level and the emphasis on maintaining social stability through preventive measures rather than punitive actions.The English framework of China's legal system is also characterized by its emphasis on the collective over the individual. This is evident in the concept of "relational rights," which considers the relationships between parties rather than the rights of individuals in isolation. Laws are designed to protect not just individual interests but also the harmony of the group and the society at large.Furthermore, the Chinese legal system places a strong emphasis on the role of the state in guiding economic and social development. Laws are often used as tools for governance, reflecting the state's commitment to achieving specific policy objectives such as poverty alleviation, technological advancement, or environmental protection.In recent years, China has made significant strides in modernizing its legal system, adopting elements of Western jurisprudence while retaining its unique features. For example, the adoption of the Civil Code in 2020 marked a milestone in the codification of private law, integrating both traditional Chinese concepts and international legal norms.In the realm of criminal justice, the English framework of China's legal system is gradually moving towards moretransparency and procedural fairness, although challenges remain in areas such as the independence of the judiciary and the protection of human rights.The rise of China as a global economic power has also necessitated the development of an English framework for its legal knowledge system to facilitate international trade and investment. This includes the creation of bilingual laws, regulations, and contracts, as well as the training of legal professionals who are fluent in both Chinese and English law.In conclusion, the English framework of China's independent legal knowledge system is a dynamic and evolving entity. It is a reflection of China's deep cultural roots, its pragmatic approach to governance, and its growing engagement with the international community. As China continues to play a more prominent role on the global stage, understanding its unique legal system will become increasingly important for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers alike.。
法律英语综述作文
法律英语综述作文Introduction。
Legal English is the language used by legalprofessionals in the legal field. It is a specialized language that is used to communicate legal concepts and ideas. Legal English is used in various legal contexts, including contracts, court proceedings, and legal documents. In this essay, we will discuss the importance of legal English, its characteristics, and how it is used in thelegal field.Importance of Legal English。
Legal English is important because it is the language used in the legal field. Legal professionals, including lawyers, judges, and paralegals, must be proficient inlegal English to communicate effectively with clients, colleagues, and the court. Legal English is also important because it is used in international legal contexts, such asinternational trade and arbitration.Characteristics of Legal English。
介绍法律翻译英语作文
介绍法律翻译英语作文Law translation is a challenging yet rewarding field. It requires not only a deep understanding of legal terminology and concepts, but also a high level of linguistic proficiency in both the source and target languages. The goal of legal translation is to accurately convey the meaning and intent of the original legal text, while taking into account the cultural and legal differences between the two legal systems.Legal translation is not simply about replacing words in one language with their equivalents in another. It involves careful consideration of the legal systems and cultural contexts involved, as well as the specific legal terminology and conventions used in each language. A good legal translator must be able to navigate these complexities while maintaining the clarity and precision required in legal documents.One of the key challenges in legal translation is thelack of direct equivalence between legal terms and concepts in different legal systems. This often requires the translator to use their judgment and expertise to find the most appropriate way to express the meaning of the original text in the target language, taking into account the specific legal framework and terminology of that language.In addition to linguistic and legal expertise, legal translators must also be aware of the ethical and professional responsibilities that come with the job. They are often entrusted with sensitive and confidential information, and must adhere to strict standards of accuracy and confidentiality in their work.Despite the challenges, legal translation can be a highly fulfilling career for those with a passion for language and the law. It offers the opportunity to work at the intersection of two complex and fascinating fields, and to play a crucial role in ensuring that individuals and organizations can access and understand the law in a multilingual world.。
第一课 Legal system 法律英语课件
The intricate network of relationships between States and Nation 各州与联邦之间错综复杂关系的记载
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法律英语
12
The reports of the United State s Supreme Court fill 350 volume s
法国和德国为代表，还有 瑞士、意大利、奥地利、 比利时、卢森堡、荷兰、 西班牙、葡萄牙、日本等
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法律英语
18
Most fields of private law still consist primarily of case law an d the extensive and steadily growing statutory continues to be subject to binding interpretation through case law.
当一百多年来成百上千的文件敲击出始 终如一的音调时，我们可以说这就是基 调。
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法律英语
16
Part Two
The American legal system, like the English, is methodologicall y mainly a case law system.
想要探索美国法律历史的人面对的 是5000多巨册的法律案例。
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法律英语
14
No one document, no handful of documents, can properly be sai d to reveal the character of a people or of their government.