定语从句用法总结计划.doc

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定语从句用法总结

一 .定义：定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。

eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 其中划线部分为定语从句。

二 .分类：分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。

eg: 1.This is the school (that/which)we visited last year. （限制性定语从句）

2.The weather turned out to be very good,which was more than we could expect.（非限制性定语从句）

3.The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. （间隔性定语从句）

注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用；而非限制性定语从句有逗号

隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。

三. 构成：定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。先

行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。

引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。

eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other.

此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses,

引导词为： that，定语从句为：that are built close to each other

四．基本原则

定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词

Eg.This is the book that I like it best .(it与book指同一物，所以要去掉。)

五．定语从句中常见考点：

考点一 .关系代词和关系副词的辨别

1. 关系代词that（人、物）， which（物）、 who(m) （人）、whose（某人的，某物的）、 as

2.关系副词 when（表时间）、 where（表地点）、 why（表原因）

注：关系副词可变为“介词 +关系代词”结构（即：关系副词=介词 +关系代词）。

eg:This is the mountain village where(=in which)I stayed last month.

3.怎样选择正确的关系代词或关系副词

方法一：找出先行词和定语从句中动词，看定从中动词与先行词能否构成习惯搭配。能，

用关系代词；不能，用关系副词 .

Eg.I will never forget the day that I spent with my parents.( 定从中动词spent 与先行词the day 构成 spent the day ,所以用关系代词that 或 which 或省略 )

方法二：找出先行词和定语从句，看定语从句是否缺少主语、宾语或表语，如缺少，用关

系代词。如不缺少，定语从句所表达意思相对完整，用关系副词。

eg:① .This is the factory ____ made cars . ( 缺少主语，所以用关系代词that 或 which，作主语不能省略)

②.This is the reason _______ he was late for school.( 定语从句 he was late for school 表

达意思相对完整，所以用关系副词why 或介词 +关系代词for which)

注意：当先行词为case、position、point、situation、society、activity 等抽象意义的名词时，常用关系副词where 引导定语从句.

eg:He got himself into a dangerous situation where he may lose control of the plane .

考点二 . 定从中 that 与 which 的区别

1.关系代词只用 that 的情况。

（1）当先行词为不定代词（ all、much、little 、 few、some、any、none、one、something、anything、everything 等）或先行词被不定形容词（all、many 、some、few、little 等）修饰时。

eg:Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？

（2）当先行词既有人又有物时。

eg:Do you know the things and persons that you are talking about.

（3）当先行词含有序数词或最高级时。

eg: ①This bus is the first that will go to Beijing.

②This is the best movie that I have ever seen.

（4）当先行词被 only、 very、 next、 last 等修饰时。

eg:This is the very book that I ’m looking for.

（5）在 who 或 which 引的特殊疑句中。

eg:Which is the bike that you lost?

（6）当关系代在定从句中作表。

eg:Zhengzhou is no longer the city that it used to be.

2.关系代只用which 的情况。

（ 1）引非限制性定从句。

eg:He turned to be a very successful man,which was more than we expected.

（ 2）在“介 +关系代” 构中，关系代只用which。

eg:This is the question about which they have so much discussion in the past few weeks. （ 3）当关系代后有插入成分。

eg: Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.

3.指人，关系代只用who(m) 的情况。

（ 1）引非限制性定从句。

eg:She has a daughter,who is a doctor in the famous hospital.

（ 2）当“介 +关系代 (格形式 )” 构引定从句。

eg: The gentleman about whom you told me proved to be a thief.

（ 3）当关系代后有插入成分。

eg:This is my friend who,I think,is the best in our class..

（4）在 There be 句型构中，先行指人。

eg:There is a young lady who asks for you.

考点三： as 的用法及as 与 which 的区

1.as 引的定从句

（1） as 常用于固定搭配中： the same. . . as， such⋯as， as/so⋯ as

eg:①.Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city as everyone likes to visit.

比较： Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city that everyone likes to visit it.