(完整word版)初中定语从句知识点详解

初中定语从句知识点详解

定语从句考点：①关系代词的用法

②关系副词的用法

③关系副词=介词+关系代词的用法

●定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。

Eg：He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a

good-for-nothing. 不懂装懂，一事无成。

It is the first step that costs. 千里之行，始于足下。

He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼。

●先行词：被定语从句修饰的成分。先行词可以为一个词、短语甚至整个句子。

●关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。

关系词引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于连词的作用；

关系词必在从句中充当某个句子成分，可为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。

一、各个关系代词和关系副词的区别及具体用法：

(一)、1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：

The person who broke the window must pay for it. 打碎玻璃的人必须赔偿。

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 穿黑夹克的那个小男孩很聪明。

2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略，若前面有介词，则不可省略，也不能用that，例如：

Do you know the young man (whom/who) we met at the gate？

你认识我们在门口碰见的那个人吗？

Mr Lee (whom/who) you want to see has come. 你想要见面的李先生到了。

The man to whom our teacher is speaking is from Canada.

=The man who our teacher is speaking to is from Canada.

我们老师正在谈话的那个男人来自加拿大。

3. whose 指人，也可指物（拟人化的物），意思是“谁的”，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. (The girl’s mother is ill.)

那个女生的母亲生病了，她今天仍然呆在家。

I know the boy whose father is a professor. (The boy’s father is a professor.)

我认识那个男孩，他的父亲是一名教授。

I live in a house whose windows face the south. (The house’s windows face the south.)

我居住在一个窗户朝南的房子里面。

4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。例如：

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.

字典就是一本可以给出单词释义的书。

Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 这就是昨天老师提到的那本书。

5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时可以省略。例如：I’ve read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.

我读了那份刊载着重要消息的报纸。

Who is the boy that/whom I saw this morning? 我早上见到的那个男孩是谁？

6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

I’ll never for get the time when we worked on the farm.

我永远不会忘记我们一起在农场工作的时候。

He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 他在我离开北京的那天到的北京。

7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：

This is the house where we lived last year. 这就是我们去年居住的那个房子。

=This is the house which we lived in last year. =This is the house in which we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.

他父亲工作的那个工厂在这个城市的东边。

=The factory which his father works in is in the east of the city.

=The factory in which his father works is in the east of the city.

8. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语：

I don’t know the reason why he looks sad today. 我不知道他今天看起来难过的原因。Could you please explain the reason why you were late? 你可以解释下迟到的原因吗？

（二）关系代词和冠词副词引导的从句有什么区别？

关键点：1、关系副词在从句中是做状语，只做状语，不能做其他的成分。

2、关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换。

why=for which

where=in/on/at /to···which(介词同先行词搭配）

when=during/on/in/over···which（介词从同先行词搭配）

注意：①介词后面的关系代词不能省略②介词后面不能用that。

eg：The reason why he refused the invitation is clear. 他拒绝邀请的理由显而易见。

=The reason for which he refused the invitation is clear.

Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born.

我出生的地方发生了巨大的变化。

=Great changes have taken place in the city in which I was born.

The time when we got together finally came. 我们团聚的时刻最终到来了。

=The time in/during which we got together finally came.

[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that 引导。

Eg: By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.

到你来伦敦的时候，我们已经在那里待了两天了。

I liked the sea city the first time I went there. 我第一次来到那个海滨城市就爱上了它。

例题一：

1、He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.

A. when

B. where

C. that

D. which

解题思路：此题中，从句是he arrived，它已经是一个完整的句子，因此，这里要填一个在从句中充当状语的成分，C选项和D选项都不能做在从句中作状语，因此排除掉，the day 指的是时间，因此，要填上表示时间的关系副词when。