专题一:句子的种类和结构(高考英语语法复习)

专题一:句子的种类和结构(高考英语语法复习)
专题一:句子的种类和结构(高考英语语法复习)

一.句子的种类和结构

种类

1.用途角度

(1).陈述句:陈述一件事情,分为肯定句和否定句

(2).疑问句:提出问题,分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句(what where when why which who how)、选择疑问句(or)、反义疑问句(3)、祈使句:提出命令要求请求

Eg. Set down please.

(4)、感叹句:表达强烈的感情

1)、由"what"引导的感叹句:"what"意为"多么"用作定语,修饰名词(被强调部分),单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词.这类句子的结构形式是:

what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).

Eg.what a clever girl she is!

What an interesting story it is!

What good children they are!

What delicious food it is!

2)、由"how"引导的感叹句:"how"意为"多么",用作状语,修饰形容词或副词(被强调部分).如果修饰形容词,则句中的谓语动词用系动词;如果how修饰副词,则句中的谓语动词用行为动词,这类句子的结构形式是:

How+adj.(adv.)+主语+谓语+(it is).

How cold it is today!

How nice the pictures are!

How well she sings!

3)、在表示同一意义时,英语感叹既可用"what"引导,也可用"how"引导.如:

①What a hot day it is!

How hot the day is !

②What tall buildings they are!

How tall the buildings are!

4)、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时,口语中常常采用省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲.

2.结构

句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。

2.结构角度

简单句

a.主语+谓语eg.He jumps.

b.主语+谓语+宾语eg. I love you.

c.主语+系动词+表语eg. I’m the student.

d.主语+谓语+直宾+间宾(双宾语)eg. Mom bought me a pen.

e.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补eg. He makes his mother happy.

f.There be句型e

g. There are many aapple tree in the garden. Pay attention:只有一个主谓结构的句子叫做简单句,主语可以是一个单独的人和物,也可以是多个人和物的并列,谓语可以是单独的一个动词,也可以是多个动词的并列,并列的主语或谓语在最后两个词之间用“and”并列,其余用“,”隔开。句子可以没有主语,但一定要有谓语

结构

(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,或是动作的执行者。表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。动名词、动词不定式或从句作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。它在句首。如:

(1)Lucy is a beautifulnurse. (作主语)

(2)He reads newspapers every day. (作主语)

(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (作主语)

(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(作主语)(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (作主语)

(6)It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。(形式主语,真正主语是)

(7)It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。(形式主语,真正主语是)

(8)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (形式主语,真正主语是)

(二)谓语

说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。如:His parents are teachers. (和一起作谓语)

We study hard. (作谓语)

We don’t finish reading the book. (和一起作谓语)

He can speak English. (和一起作谓语)

(三)宾语

宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,但人称代词要用宾格。它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。需要说明的是:只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。一般放在谓语之后。

She is doing her homework now.(作宾语)

She says(that)she is ill.(作动词宾语)

We often help him.(作宾语)

He likes to play basketball.(作宾语)

We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(作宾语)Are you afraid of the snake? (作的宾语)

note1:宾语是及物动词vt.涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后。

note2:及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象,直接宾语指物,间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。

不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如:give, show(给……看),bring, pass, buy等。如:

(1)Our teacher tells us a story. (直接宾语是间接宾语是) (2)The sun gives us light. (直接宾语是间接宾语是)

间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。

间接宾语前加“to”的有:

give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise(答应), refuse(拒绝)等。

间接宾语加“for”的有:

make, buy, do, get, play, order(命令), sing, pay等

(1)I give him a book. 改成:

(2)He passes me the book. 改成:

(3)He writes me a letter. 改成:

(4)He will buy me some books. 改成:

(5)She is making me a cake. 改成:

(四)宾语补足语

在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足

语;补充说明主语的叫主语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语

以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。

如:They make her happy.(作宾补)

I see her dance. (作宾补)

We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success. (作宾补)

Please let him in. (作宾补)

Please make yourself at home. (作宾补)

We heard her singing a song. (作宾补)

I’ll have my bike repaired. (作宾补)

主补:对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor. (作主补)

She was found singing in the next room. (作主补)

He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (作主补)

(五)表语

表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如:I am a teacher.(作表语)

He is always happy. (作表语)

They are on the playground now. (作表语)

It gets cold. (作表语)

His father is in. (作表语)

The question is whether they will come. (作表语)

系动词

1.Be动词am,is,are, was, were

2.表保持keep, stay, remain

3.表改变get,become,turn

4.感官动词feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来)

如:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)We should all remain careful. (Remain为系动词,careful为表语)

(六)定语

定语是用来修饰名词或代词的, 起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。

单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。

如:The black bike is mine.(形容词)

What’s your name?(代词)

They make paper flowers.(名词)

note1:当定语修饰不定代词:nothing, anything, everything,

something等时,定语在不定代词后面。

如:I tell him something interesting. (形容词interesting 作不定代词something的后置定语)

He has something to do. (to do为不定式作后置定语)

note2:短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。

如:The boys in the room are in Class Four. (in the room是介词短语作the boys的后置定语。)

形容词作定语:

The little boy needs a blue pen。

Tom is a handsome boy.

数词作定语相当于形容词:

Two boys need two pens.

The two boys are students.

There are two boys in the room.

代词或名词所有格作定语:

His boy needs Tom's pen.

His name is Tom.

There are two boys of Toms there.

介词短语作定语:

The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.

The boy in blue is Tom.

There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.

名词作定语:

The boy needs a ball pen.

It is a ball pen.

There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.

副词作定语:

The boy there needs a pen.

The best boy here is Tom.

不定式作定语:

The boy to write this letter needs a pen.

The boy to write this letter is Tom

There is nothing to do today.

分词(短语)作定语:

The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.

The pen bought by her is made in China.

There are five boys left.

定语从句

The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday

The boy you will know is Tom.

There are five boys who will play the game.

(七)状语

状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语来表示。说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

状语在句子中的位置很灵活,状语一般放在句末,但有的可以放在句首、句中。

有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作‘In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.

如:He did it carefully.(副词)We often help him.(副词)Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语)

When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语)He sits there.(副词地点状语)

副词(短语)作状语

The boy needs a pen very much.(程度状语)

The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.(宾语较长则状语前置)

The boy really needs a pen.(程度状语)

The boy needs a pen now.=Now,the boy needs a pen.=The

boy,now,needs a pen.(时间状语)

介词短语作状语:

In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.(地点状语)

Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.条件状语)

On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.(时间状语)

分词(短语)作状语:

He sits there,asking for a pen.(表示伴随状态)

Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.(原因状语)Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.(原因状语)

不定式作状语:

The boy needs a pen to do his homework.(目的状语)

To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.

名词作状语:

Come this way!(方向状语)

状语从句:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句八)同位语:

同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:

We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指

同一批‘学生’)

We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’)(九)独立成分:

有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构。

感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。

肯定词yes 否定词no

称呼语:称呼人的用语。

插入语:一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。

如: The story,I think,has never come to the end.

情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。

并列句

简单句+并列连词+简单句

And but so or nor for while

复合句

名词性从句:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

形容词性从句:定语从句

副词性从句:状语从句

并列复合句

用并列连词连接一个简单句和一个复合句的句子

Eg.look for the expressions they use to keep the conversation

going and underline them.

句子成分练习题

一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词

①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

②There is an old man coming here.

③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词

①I don't like the picture on the wall.

A. don't

B. like

C. picture

D. wall

②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.

A. get

B. longer

C. days

D. summer

③Do you usually go to school by bus?

A. Do

B. usually

C.go

D. bus

④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.

A. will be

B. meeting

C. the library

D. afternoon

⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?

A.Did

B. twins

C. have

D. breakfast

⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.

A. Tom

B. didn't

C. do

D. his homework

⑦What I want to tell you is this.

A. want

B. to tell

C. you

D. is

⑧We had better send for a doctor.

A. We

B. had

C. send

D. doctor

⑨He is interested in music.

A. is

B. interested

C. in

D. music

⑩Whom did you give my book to?

A. give

B.did

C. whom

D. book

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语

①My brother hasn't done his homework.

②People all over the world speak English.

③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

④How many new words did you learn last class?

⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

⑦They made him monitor of the class.

⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.

⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. (四) 挑出下列句中的表语

①The old man was feeling very tired.

②Why is he worried about Jim?

③The leaves have turned yellow.

④Soon They all became interested in the subject.

⑤She was the first to learn about it.

(五) 挑出下列句中的定语

①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name.

②What is your given name?

③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.

④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.

⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.

⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.

②He asked her to take the boy out of school.

③She found it difficult to do the work.

④They call me Lily sometimes.

⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.

⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

(七) 挑出下列句中的状语

①There was a big smile on her face.

②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.

③He began to learn English when he was eleven.

④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.

⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.

⑥She loves the library because she loves books.

⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.

⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①Please tell us a story.

②My father bought a new bike for me last week.

③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.

④Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.

⑤Did he leave any message for me?

答案

(一)①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do

(二)①B②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C⑨A⑩A

(三)①homework. ②English. ③attention ④words ⑤to go swimming ⑥he was ill. ⑦him monitor ⑧bridgemuseum⑨it school. ⑩who"Father Christmas"really is.

(四)①tired. ②worried ③yellow. ④interested ⑤the first

(五)①family ②given③third ④some ⑤downstairs ⑥of the other shoe!

(六)①to read newspapers and books ②to take the boy ③difficult ④Lily ⑤get on the bus ⑥playing football (七)①on her face. ②Every night ③when he was eleven.

④too fast. ⑤With the medicine box under her arm ⑥

because she loves books. ⑦if you’ve lost it⑧to see the other machine.

(八)①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语

②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语

④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语

英语语法 句子成分分析

知识精讲 一、整体把握 成分用法说明位置 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主 体。 陈述句中放在句首或谓语之前;疑问句或倒装句 中放在动词、助动词、情态动词之后;there be结 构中放在be之后;祈使句中常省 谓语对主语加以陈述,说明主语怎 么样或是什么。必须由动词担 任,其人称和数必须和主语一 致。 通常在主语后(疑问句、倒装句除外)。 表语与系动词连用,一起构成复合 谓语,说明主语的性质、特征、 身份、类别、状态等。 常在系动词之后。 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。一般放在及物动词或介词后。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前。直接宾语是人称代词,间接宾语是名词或两个宾语都是人称代词时,间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,并在间接宾语前加to或for。 定语用来修饰名词或代词,说明人 或物的状态、品质、数量及所 属等。 单个词常在被修饰的词前,短语或句子在被修饰 的词之后;副词作定语常放在被修饰的伺候;形 容词修饰不定代词放在被修饰的伺候。 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词,表 示动作发生的时间、地点、目 的、方式等。 位置比较灵活。 补语补充说明宾语或主语的成分。宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后,主语补足语通常置于主语和谓语之后。 同位语对句子中某一成分作进一步解 释、说明,与前面的被修辞成 分在语法上处于同等地位。 常常置于被说明的成分之后。有时可以放在句子 的前面(主语之前),尤其是主语为人称代词时, 为平衡句子的节奏,则把同位语放置于此代词前。 独立成分独立成分是指句子里的一个词 或词组与全局没有语法上的联 系,不属于句子的组成部分; 一般由感叹语、呼语或插入语 等担任。 可放在句首、句中或句末。 二、细讲:主语 表现形式例句

中考英语语法复习:句子的种类

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注意:大凡疑问句也可用表示肯定或否定的词来回答,如certainly(当然),surely(当然),of course(当然),I think so(我想是的),all right(好吧) certainly not(当然不是), notat all(一点也不), never(从不),sorry(很抱歉),not yet(还没有) I’m afraid not(恐怕不是)等。 ②分外疑问句:用来对句子的某一分外部分提问的句子叫分外疑问句。分外疑问句大凡用降调。其结构是:分外疑问词+大凡疑问句(+……)?对它的回答不能用Yes或者No,要根据询问的内容详尽回答。 -Where were you at that time?那时你在哪里?I was at home.我在家。 常用的疑问代词有who(谁),whom(谁),whose(谁的),which(哪一个),what(什么);疑问副词有when(何时),where(何地),why(为什么),how(如何)以及“how+形容词”构成的短语。 Who is your teacher?谁是你的老师?(指人,作主语) Whom did you telephone to just now?你刚才给谁打电话?(指人,作宾 语)Whose coat is this?这是谁的大衣?(作定语) Which child knows the answer?哪个孩子知道答案?(作定语) What class are you in?你在几班?(指物,作定语) When will you arrive?你什么时候到?(提问时间) Where has he gone?他去了哪里?(提问地点) Why are you late again?你为什么又迟到了?(提问原因) How do you often go to school?你经常怎么去上学? (提问方式) How far is it from your house to your school? (how far提问距离) How often does he go to the French club?他多长时间去一次法语俱乐 部?(howoften提问频率)

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主语系表语主语系表语(介词短语) ▲定语只修饰名词,不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当,形容词放在所修饰的名词之前,而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后,请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 ---英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness is a station -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 形容词介词短语 man is a teacher 介词短语形容词

6.教室里。 形容词介词短语 The teacher is handsome. My book is 表语(介词短语)定语(介词短语) She is 介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语,虽然它们词性相同,但由于词序不同,它们所起到的作用也不同,当在is的后面是表语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。 课堂练习 1 1是

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英语语法句子的种类

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d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesn‘t know her,does he? 他不认识她,对不对? 3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如: Sit down,please。请坐。 Don’t be nervous!别紧张! 4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如: What good news it is!多好的消息啊! (二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类: 1)简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如: She is fond of collecting stamps。她喜欢集邮。 (主)(谓) 2)并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如: The food was good,but he had little appetite。 (主)(谓)(主)(谓) 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。 3)复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如:

小学英语语法----句子的种类

句子的种类 类别例句用法 陈述句肯 定 This is a bag. I like spring. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 陈述句否 定 I can’t see a bag over there. I don't know. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 疑问句一 般 Are you a student? Does she get up early? Do you like swimming? Can you speak English? 用于提出问题特 殊 when什么时间;who谁;whose谁的;where在哪里;which 哪一个;why为什么;what什么;what time什么时间;what colour什么颜色;what about……怎么样;what day星期 几;what date什么日期;what for为何目的;how怎样; how old多大岁数;how many数量多少;how much多少钱; how about……怎么样;how far多远 选 择 Is your friend a boy or a girl? 反 意 It’s a fine day, isn’t it? 祁使句肯 定 Put it here. 表示命令、建议或请求否 定 Don’t look at the noticeboard. 感叹句How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf! How hard he studies! 表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、 厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成,不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择,前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来,后两项之间用or连接,回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成,简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定,后面问句就用否定形式;陈述句部分是否定,简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不,他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的,他喜欢。

初中英语语法 句子的种类

初中英语语法------句子的种类A英语中的句子按其使用目的,句子可分为:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。 Eg: 陈述句:This is a dog. 疑问句:Is this a dog? 祈使句:Open your eyes! 感叹句:What a beautiful building it is! 简单句:I am studying. 并列句:I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years. 复合句:As soon as I get there, I'll call you. 1 陈述句凡是说明一件事情,提出一个看法,或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句,陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”,通常用降调。 Eg:We live in Beijing. We don't live in Beijing. (1) be 动词、一般动词(实义动词)、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. I don't know him. He can't speak English.

be 动词的否定句句型:主语+ be动词+ not + … I wasn't good at English. They weren't at home yesterday. He isn't my cousin. 进行时和被动语态都有be 动词,它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 Eg:They aren't cleaning the room. The child was not looked after by anybody. 将来时(will,shall)、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。 They will not be sent to the front. They will be not sent to the front.× 情态动词的否定句 句型:主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形 Eg:I can't do it myself. You mustn't take the books out. You must not go there alone. 一般动词的否定句. 句型:主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形 Eg: They didn't live in Shanghai. He doesn't do his homework every day.

初中英语语法——句子成分精讲

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初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途,句子可分为四类: 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法,陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示:

肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时,如句中有already,some,something,somebody等词,须分别改成yet,any,anything,anybody 等。 另外,也要注意,too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等。 2. 疑问句

3. 常用的特殊疑问句

4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时,“will you?”意为“请求”,“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句: Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问,用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句: What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时,用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句: I'm working now, aren’t I?

英语中句子的种类

英语中句子的种类 Prepared on 22 November 2020

(三)句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位,表示一个完整的思想。 按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句; 从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分: 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句) Are you a doctor How often do you have an English party Which would you like better, tea or coffee She is too young to go to school, is she 三、感叹句 (一)What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!==(二)How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语! What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语! What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语! How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 四、祈使句(祈使句主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原型。) Be quiet! Don’t be late!

小学英语语法句子的种类

句子的种类 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成,不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择,前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来,后两项之间用or连接,回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成,简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定,后面问句就用否定形式;陈述句部分是否定,简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不,他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的,他喜欢。 即回答应该按实际情况来回答,实际情况是肯定的,就用yes。否定的就用no.

小学英语一般疑问句,否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导 改为一般疑问句: 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would,放在最前面, 如没有则判断是否为过去式,是则动词改为原形,句前加Did,其余照抄; 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数,是则动词改为原形,句前加Does,其余照抄 以上都不是,则句前加Do,其余照抄。 改为否定句: 方法和上面一样, 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would,再后加not,其余照抄 如没有则判断是否为过去式,是则动词改为原形,人后加didn’t,其余照抄; 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数,是则动词改为原形,人后加doesn’t,其余照抄 以上都不是,则人后加don’t,其余照抄 对划线部分提问: ①用适当的疑问词代替划线部分,②将剩余部分改为一般疑问句 (注:如划线部分为主语,则用who代替,其余照抄;如划线部分为动词或动词短语,则用do代替,句前加what,再改为一般疑问句)例如: He is running now.----- He isn’t ru nning now. ---Is he running now? ---Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. They are making a puppet.---- They aren’t making a puppet.---Are they making a puppet? ---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. I often watch TV in the evening.------ I don’t often watch TV in the evening.---- Do you often watch TV in the evening?-----Yes, I do. No, I don’t. He plays football after school. ---- He doesn’t play football after school. Does he play football after school?----Yes, he does. No,he doesn’t. We began class at 8 o’clock yesterday.------ We didn’t begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday. Did you begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday? ---Yes,we do. No, we don’t. 练一练: 1、填入适当的疑问词。 1) _____wallet is it? It’s mine.2) ____is the Christmas Day? It’s on t he 25th of Decem ber. 3)________is the diary? It’s under the chair. 4) ______is the boy in blue? He’s Mik e.

英语语法基本知识——句子成分

句子成分 不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫句子,一个句子由各种功能不同的部分组成,这些部分叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有7种,主语,谓语,表语,宾语,定语,状语,补语。它的构成方法与中文很象,中文分:主,谓,宾,定,状,补,六类,再加上表语就形成了英文的形式。 下面主要是从词类的角度来分析句子成分: 一.主语 句子所要说明的人或者事物,是句子的主体,通常放与句首,一般不省略,可以担当主语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词和主语从句。下面依次举例: Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 二.谓语动词 说明主语动作或者状态的句子成分,一般又实义动词或者系动词担任,助动词和情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也可以构成谓语动词 Actions speak louder than words The chance may never come again. Tom was very sick at heart. Mary has been working at the dress store since 1994. 注意:英语中最基本的原则就是:一句话,只能有一个谓语动词 三.表语(现代某些语法书直接把表语归类到了补语当中) 是用来说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它的位置在系动词之后。可作表语的有名词,代词,形容词与分词,数词,动词不定式与动名词,介词短语,副词以及表语从句。下面依次举例:My father is a professor. Who’ that? It’s me. Everything here is dear to her. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others. Three times five is fifteen. His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hid your feelings. 四.宾语 宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾

最新英语中句子的种类

(三)句子的种类 句子是一个独立的语言单位,表示一个完整的思想。按使用目的可分为陈述句、感叹句、疑问句和祈使句;从结构上又可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 按使用目的分: 一、陈述句 That boy always helps others. Tom was not at home yesterday. He is too late to catch the bus. 二、疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句) Are you a doctor? How often do you have an English party? Which would you like better, tea or coffee? She is too young to go to school, is she? 三、感叹句 (一)What +a /an+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语!==(二)How+形容词+a/an +可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语! What a beautiful girl she is! == How beautiful a girl she is! (三) What+形容词+可数名词的复数+主语+谓语! What beautiful girls they are! (四)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! What fine weather it is! (五)How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语! How interesting the dog is! (六)How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 四、祈使句(祈使句主语通常被省略,谓语动词用原型。) Be quiet! Don’t be late! 从结构上分: 一、简单句(句子只包含一个主谓结构。) He is never late for school. 二、并列句(句子包含两个或多个主谓结构,通常有并列连词连结。) She made a promise, but she didn’t keep it. Tom is tall and he is from America. He is later for school because his bike is broken. He not only works hard but also is always ready to help others. 三、复合句(句子包含有两个或更多的主谓结构,但是其中一个或多个主谓结构充当句子的 成分,就是复合句。所有从句都是复合句。) This is the book that I borrowed yesterday. He told us that light travels faster than sound.

英语语法中句子的种类

一.句子按其结构可以分为以下三类: 1)简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,而且句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语表示的。例如: I study English。 She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。 (主)(谓) 2)并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如: The food was good, but he had little appetite. (主)(谓)(主)(谓) 食物很精美,但他却没什么胃口。 3)复合句(Complex Sentences):包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导,例如: The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 主句从句 我们到达电影院的时候,电影已经开演了。 二.按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。(说明事实) The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。 (说明看法) 2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种: a.一般疑问句(General Questions): Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗? b.特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions): Where do you live?你住那儿? How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事? c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions): Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡? d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对? 3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如: Sit down, please.请坐。 Don't be nervous!别紧张!

英语语法基本句子结构

英语语法基本句子结构 课程名称:大学英语语法 学院:电子信息与电气工程学院 学生姓名:王磊 学号:201102010054 专业班级:自动化2011级(1)班 指导教师:李国云 2013年 6 月8 日

英语语法基本句子结构 语法是对现成语言中规则的归纳和总结,以便学习者更快模仿掌握一门外语。所以语法知识很重要,你不能用汉语的语法规则来造英语的句子,那样懂英语的人读不懂,同样不懂英语的语法规则也绝对读不懂英语短文。 不同词类的单词,按照一定的语法规则组合在一起,能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫句子,一个句子由各种功能不同的部分组成,这些部分叫做句子成分。 一个句子一般由两部分组成:主语部分和谓语部分。根据各个句子成分在句子中所起得作用,可分为主语、谓语或谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、补语、状语等。 主语 全句述说的对象,常由名词、代词、名词性短语或分句充当,一般置于句首。下面依次举例: Walls have ears. Football is my favorite. Three plus four equals seven. 谓语或谓语动词 说明主语的动作或状态,主要一般又实义动词或者系动词担任,助动词和情态动词加其他动词的适当形式充当,一般置于主语之后。 They should have finished their work. The chance may never come again.

注意:英语中最基本的原则就是:一句话,只能有一个谓语动词 宾语 宾语表示动作的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾语。可作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动名词等,不定时式也可做及物动词的宾语。下面依次举例:She refused to read that terrible book. We haven’t seen her for a long time. He needs a new dictionary. 表语 表述主语的身份、状态、特征,常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语或分句充当。置于联系动词之后。联系动词一般有be,become,turn,get,grow,seem.,appear,look,sound,smell,feel 等。 My father is a professor. The milk has turned sour. Everything here is dear to her. 定语 是修饰名词或代词的词,短语或从句。作定语的有名词,形容词,数词,分词机器短语,不定式及其短语,介词短语以及定语从句等。下面依次举例:

七年级英语:英语语法大全之句子的种类

七年级英语:英语语法大全之句子的种类 句子的种类 (一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快。(说明事实) The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。(说明看法) 2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种: a. 一般疑问句(General Questions): Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗? b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions): Where do you live? 你住那儿? How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事? c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions):

Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡? d. 反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesn’t know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对? 3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如: Sit down, please. 请坐。 Don’t be nervous!别紧张! 4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如: What good news it is! 多好的消息啊! (二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类: 1)简单句(Simple Sentences):只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句,例如: She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮。 (主) (谓) 2)并列句(Compound Sentences):包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接,例如: The food was good, but he had little appetite. (主) (谓) (主)(谓)

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