英语六级翻译-1993年6月
2021年6月英语六级翻译真题 第2套-深圳
2021年6月英语六级翻译真题第2套:深圳翻译真题：深圳是中国广东省一座新开发的城市。
在改革开放之前，深圳不过是一个渔村，仅有三万多人。
20世纪80年代，中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。
如今，深圳的人口已超过1,000万，整个城市发生了巨大的变化。
到2021年，深圳的人均（per-capita）GDP已达25,000美元，相当于世界上一些发达国家的水平。
就综合经济实力而言，深圳居于中国顶尖城市之列。
由于其独特的地位，深圳也是国内外企业家创业的理想之地。
参考译文：译文一Shenzhen is a newly-developed city in Guangdong province,China Before the implementation of reform and opening-up policy,it was but a fishing village only with a population of over 30 thousand In the 1980s,Chinese government established Shenzhen Special Economic Zone as the experimental plot for the implementation of socialist market economy.Currently,the population of Shenzhen has exceeded 10 million and the whole city has undergone tremendous changes.By 2021,the per-capita GDP of Shenzhen has reached 25 thousand dollars,equivalent to that of some developed countries in the world.As far as its overall economic power is concerned,Shenzhen is listed among the top cities in China.Due to its unique status,it is also an ideal place for the entrepreneurs at home and abroad to start their businesses.译文二（文都版）Shenzhen , the first special economic zone in China since the reform and opening-up policy, also the window of Chinese reform and opening-up policy, has developed into an international city with great influence, which is also the significant base of high-tech research and development in South China. The long coastline of Shenzhen serves as a bridge between the South China See and the Pacific. And adjacent to Hong Kong, Shenzhen is one of the busiest container ports in the world. Shenzhen Window of the World is a large-scale tourist attraction , in which there are a large number of imitations of world-famous sights, such as the Pyramid in Egypt, Leaning Tower of Pisa in Italy and Niagara Falls in North America.。
2019年6月英语六级翻译答案：高铁【三个版本】
2019年6月英语六级翻译答案：高铁【三个版本】(总4页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除2019年6月英语六级翻译答案：高铁【三个版本】题目：中国当前拥有世界上最快的高速铁路网。
高铁列车的运行速度还将继续提升。
更多的城市将修建高铁站。
高铁大大缩短了人们出行的时间，相对汽车来说，高速列车的突出优势在于准时，因为基本不受天气或交通管制的影响。
高铁极大地改变了中国人的生活方式。
如今，它已经成了很多人商务旅行的首选交通工具。
越来越多的人也在假日乘高铁外出旅游。
还有很多年轻人选择在一个城市工作而在临近城市居住，每天乘高铁上下班。
参考译文有道考神版：精简结构：①中国……有……铁路网。
②……速度……将……提升，……城市将修建高铁站。
③高铁……缩短了……时间。
④相对……来说，……优势在于……，因为……不受……影响。
⑤高铁……改变了……生活方式。
⑥如今，它……成了……交通工具。
⑦……人……乘高铁……旅游。
⑧……年轻人选择在……工作……在……居住，……乘高铁上下班。
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------参考译文：①China currently has the world’s largest and fastest high-speed railway network。
②The speed of high-speed trains will continue to increase， and more cities will build high-speed rail stations。
③High-speed rail greatly shortens people‘s travel time。
④Comparing to air planes， one outstanding advantages of high-speed rail trains is punctuality， because they are basically not affected by weather or traffic regulations。
六级翻译历年真题及参考答案
三套练习1.中国的官方语言普通话( Mandarin)在美国的学校中突然热起来。
由于中国经济在本世纪的领先地位，美国的公立和私立学校纷纷在外语教学中加入汉语这一科目，或将已有的汉语教学项目进行扩展。
据统计，在美国的学校中，有5万名孩子在学习汉语。
推动汉语项目的发展不是没有遇到困难。
由于缺乏受过专业训练、持有证书的教师，一些学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争。
当学校聘用教师时，它们通常直接从中国将他们招来，这种方式为文化冲突埋下了隐患。
Mandarin, China’s official language, suddenly becomes popular in American schools. Due to the leading role of China’s economy in this century, both public and private schools of the U.S. are a dding Chinese to their foreign language teaching or expanding esta blished Chinese teaching subjects. According to statistics, 50 thousa nd children are learning Chinese in American schools. Difficulties d o have emerged in the process of promoting the Chinese teaching projects. Due to the lack of teachers with professional training an d certificates, some schools are less competitive in Chinese teachin g. While hiring teachers, they would recruit some directly from Chi na, leaving potential dangers for cultural conflicts.2.农历正月(the first lunar month)十五是中国的元宵节(LanternFestival)，人们习惯在门外悬挂大红灯笼，孩子们提着彩色的灯笼玩，大人们则上街观赏各式各样的灯笼。
历年英语六级翻译真题汇总
11年6月82. Even though they were already late, they would rather stop to appreciate the beautiful view(宁愿停下来欣赏美丽的景色) than just go on.83. No agreement was reached in the discussion between the two parties, a s either side refuses to abandon their standpoints (任何一方都不肯放弃自己的立场)84. The pills could have cured the cancer patient (本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的), but he didn’t follow the doctor’s advice and take them regularly.85. It is really kind of you to give me so much help(你真好，给了我那么多帮助);I really feel obliged to you.86. The war left the family scattered all over the world, and it was thirty ye ars before they were able to reunite(他们才得以重聚)10/12)There is no denying that you can not be too careful (越仔细越好) in dealing with this matter.Only when I reached my thirties did I realize that reading could not be neglected (我才意识到读书是不能被忽视的).84. Much to the researchers' surprise(使研究人员感到惊讶), the outcome of the experiment was far better than they had expected.85. Oh, my, I can’t find my key; I must have left it somewhere _(我一定是把它忘在哪儿了).86. I would rather join you to do volunteer work (宁愿加入你们去做义工) than go to the beach for a holiday.(10\06)82.___(他们的独生儿子从未想过) to leave them and strike out on his own though he is in his late twenties.83.Before you take any action, please remember to ___ (权衡你的决定会产生的后果).84. He assured his friend that under no circumstances ___ (他会违背还钱的承诺).85. Most educators advise that kids ___ (不要沉溺于电脑游戏).86. Business major as he is, he has ___ (从未考虑过从事推销员工作).(09\12 )82. How long does a jacket like this last me? —It depends on how often you wear it (这要看你多长时间穿一次).83. The theory he advanced has proved to be a challenge to many traditional concepts(对许多传统概念的一种挑战).84. The manager could have attended the meeting in person (by himself) (本可以亲自参加会议), but he was called away for some urgent business abroad.85. Both research and practical experience have shown that a balanced diet is essential to health (均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的).86. Much regretful did I feel (我感到遗憾), I was unable to finish the work on time. (09/06)86. With the oil prices ever rising, she tried to talk over him not to buy a car (说服他不买车).Keeping sense of humor is contributive to (保持幽默有助于) reduce stress and promote creative thinking in today’s competitive society..When confronted with the evidence, he had no choice but to confess his guilt (他不得不坦白自己的罪行).When people say, “I can feel my ears burning,”it means they think some one must are speaking ill of them(一定有人在说他们坏话).She has decided to go on a diet, but finds it difficult to resist the temptation of ice cream (很难抵制冰淇淋的诱惑).（08/12）He designed the first suspension bridge, which combined beauty and function perfectly (把美观与功能完美地结合起来)。
6月英语六级翻译练习题：红楼梦
英语六级翻译练习题：红楼梦《红楼梦》问世二百年以来,通过汉文原文和各种译文读过此书的人,不知有多少亿!这么多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章,然而再让批评家牵着鼻子走,按图索骥地去读原作呢?我看是绝无仅有的。
一切文学作品,特别是象《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品,内容异常地丰富,涉及到的社会层面异常地多,简直象是一个宝山，一座迷宫。
而读者群就更加复杂，他们来读《红楼梦》，会各就自己的特点，欣赏该书中的某一个方面，受到鼓舞，受到启发，引起了喜爱;也可能受到打击，引起了憎恶。
总之是千差万别。
参考翻译：Ever since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago,hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or itstranslations in various languages. Of these innumerable people, how many haveread the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics’ articles and allowingthemselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel?Next to none. All literary works, especially a monumental one like A Dream ofRed Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-tosuch an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or alabyrinth. And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each otherin family background. They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novelaccording to their own individuality. They may feel inspired and enlightened,and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it. In short, thereactions vary.英语四级作文模板分类记：讨论观点类模版1Different people have different views on_____.Some people think that_____,whereas others aegue that __________.As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that ___________.For one thing,I firmly believe that ___________.For another,_____________.Just think of________,who/which_______.Taking all these factors into consideration,we may safely come to the conclusion that______.Only if_______can we _______,just as the saying goes,________________.模版2In recent years there have been many reports of ________.It turns a new chapter of _________in China,and will have far-reaching effects in the forthcoming years.The biggest benefit,in my eyes,is that_______.In addition,_______.Finally,______________.Apart from the benefits mentioned above,we should also face several unavoidable challenges.In the first place,_____________.In the second place,________.What’s more,_______________.In summary,we should_______________.。
1993年1月大学英语六级真题试卷(CET-6)
1993年1月大学英语六级真题试卷(CET-6)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section A1. A) It was misleading.B) It was enjoyable.C) It was rather boring.D) It was just so-so.2. A) Pop music.B) Folk music.C) Classical music.D) All kinds of music.3. A) He will fly directly to his destination.B) He has to change at Albany.C) He is still not sure how to get there.D) He must change at Jacksonville.4. A) It’s late.B) It’s crowed.C) It’s empty.D) It’s on time.5. A) Unusual.B) Enthusiastic.C) Serious.D) Threatening.6. A) Her name is on the top of the list.B) She will be the last to be interviewed.C) She is expecting a job interview.D) She must fix a date for the job.7. A) The husband is not usually so observant.B) The wife is annoyed at her husband’s complaint.C) The husband hasn’t told the truth.D) The wife is going to the hairdresser’s.8. A) The student miss their professor very much.B) The professor didn’t give the lesson.C) A new course will begin next Monday.D) Some homework was assigned to the students.9. A) She accepted their request.B) She rejected their request.C) She agreed to consider their request.D) She asked them to come with the other.10. A) At work.B) Back at home.C) At the meeting.D) Away from home.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Cheap clothes.B) Expensive clothes.C) Fashionable clothes.D) Informal clothes.12. A) They enjoy loud music.B) They seldom lose their temper.C) They want to have children.D) They enjoy modern dances.13. A) Her twin sister often brings friends home and this annoys the speaker.B) They can’t agree on the color of the room.C) They can’t agree on the kind of furniture.D) The speaker likes to keep things neat while her twin sister doesn’t.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) In the first semester.B) In the second semester.C) In the third semester.D) In the fourth semester.15. A) She is ill.B) She is too old.C) Her husband wants her to.D) Her husband is ill.16. A) His father.B) His mother.C) His girl friend.D) His teacher.17. A) He has decided to continue his studies.B) He has still to make a decision.C) He has decided to give up his job.D) He has still to take a part time job.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) Twenty years.B) A couple of weeks.C) A couple of years.D) Five years.19. A) David had been selling cars.B) David had taught business.C) David had become a salesman.D) David had made a lot of money.20. A) Rich people are not happy.B) Being rich is the best thing in the world.C) Being rich is not always a good thing.D) Rich people are usually with their families.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with the attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car-bomb.The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two objectives: to arouse public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The first need is that everything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trail. The Defence Research Society has taken the practical step of offering a reward of 10,000 pounds for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack. That is why the intellectual (知识分子) community in Britain and elsewhere must act more vigorously in its own defence. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairmen and chairwomen of these organizations to utter placatory (安抚的) statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would not be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.21. The words “these developments” (Para. 2, Line 1) most probably refer to ________.A) the acts of violence against scientistsB) the use of animals in researchC) the techniques of planting bombs in carsD) the establishment of new animal protection organization22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) The police abandoned their efforts to find the criminals.B) The terrorists escaped with the help of their organizations.C) The attempted murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.D) People sympathized murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.23. The author’s purpose in writing his article is to demand that animal-protecting organizations ________.A) declare their objectives clearlyB) give up the use of violenceC) continue the dialogue with the scientific communityD) help to find those responsible for the attempted murder24. In the author’s opinion ________.A) since people can lie, the problem about their rights of scientists can’t be solvedB) animal-protecting organizations about be held responsible for acts of violence against scientistsC) animal protection organizations should be declared illegalD) the scientists should take effective measures to protect themselves25. What does the word “they” (Para. 3, Line 3) refer to?A) The animal-protecting organizations.B) The organizations that will talk with the research community.C) Those who support the use of animals in research.D) Those who support the animal-protection organizations.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The earlier type of suburb, which was most dependent on the railroad, had a special advantage that could be fully appreciated only after it had disappeared. These suburbs, spread out along a railroad line, were discontinuous and properly spaced; and without the aid of legislation (法规) they were limited in population as well as area; for the biggest rarely held as many as ten thousand people, and under five thousand was more usual. In 1950, for example, Bronxville, New York, a typical upper-class suburb, had 6,778 people, while Riverside, Illinois, founded as early as 1869, had only 9.153.The size and scale of the suburb, that of neighborhood unit, was not entirely the result of its open planning, which favored low densities. Being served by a railroad line, with station stops from three to five miles apart, there was a natural limit to the spread of any particular community. House had to be sited “within easy walking distance of the railroad station,” as some old residents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country.Through its spaced station stops, the railroad suburb was at first kept from spreading or excessively increasing in numbers, for a natural greenbelt, often still under cultivation as park, gardens, remained between the suburbs and increased the available recreation area. Occasionally, in a few happy areas like Westchester, between 1915 and 1935 a parkway, like the Bronx River parkway, accompanied by continuous stripof park for pedestrian (散步的人) use, not yet overrun by a constant stream of urban traffic, added to the perfection of the whole suburban pattern. Whatever one might say of the social disadvantages this was in many waysa perfect physical environment. But it lasted less than a generation.26. What was the special advantage of the old type of suburb?A) Its nearness to the railroad.B) The vastness of its open space.C) Its small size in area and population.D) The high social status of its residents.27. The size of the old suburb was limited because ________.A) people wanted to live near a railroad stationB) it was originally planned by railroad companiesC) there was a law governing the size of the suburbD) local inhabitants didn’t like to out in the country28. “Happy areas” (Para. 3, Line 3) were areas where ________.A) life was enjoyed by everyoneB) more roads were built to bypass the heavy trafficC) a greenbelt was available solely for recreationD) people could have lots of fun29. It is evident that the writer ________.A) finds urban life uncomfortableB) prefers life in the countrysideC) feels disappointed in the changes of suburbsD) advocates the idea of returning to nature30. The topic discussed in the passage is “________”.A) the size and scale of suburban neighborhood unitsB) the advantage of old-type suburbsC) the location of railroad stationsD) the concept of the suburban patternQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem. Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. Themild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.31. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A) It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.B) Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.C) Research can never be emphasized too much.D) The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.32. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because ________.A) research improves the quality of teachingB) students who want to be challenged appreciate research professorsC) it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectivelyD) professor with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough33. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?A) Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.B) The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.C) It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.D) The rapid developments of modern science make it impossible to combine teaching with research.34. The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do ________.A) teachingB) field workC) scientific researchD) investigation35. The phrase “the problem” (Para. 5, Line 3) refers to ________.A) raising the status of teachingB) the combination of teaching with researchC) the separations of teaching from researchD) improving the status of researchQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happened to be that put upon member of society-a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I’m convinced that things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a new motto (座右铭) for the so-called ‘service’ organization-Staff Before Service. How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there aren’t enough staff on duty at all the service counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to increase counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that bringing all their cash registers into operation at any time would increase expenses. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service counters to be occupied ‘at times when demand is low’.It’s the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is diminished. As for us guests (and how the meaning of that word has been cut away little by little), we just have to put up with it. There’s also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been gradually with drawn from service in the interests of ‘efficiency’ (i.e. profits) and replaced by coin-eating machines which supply everything from beer to medicine, not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making set in your room: a kettle with teabags, milk bags sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag?I don’t, especially when I am paying for ‘service’.Our only hope is to hammer our irritation whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, restore that other, older saying-Take Our Custom (买卖) Elsewhere.36. The author feels that nowadays customers are ________.A) not worthy of special treatmentB) not provided with proper serviceC) considered to be inferior members of societyD) regarded as privileged37. In the author’s opinion, the quality of service is changing because ________.A) the staff are less considerate than employersB) customers are becoming more demandingC) customers unwilling to pay extra moneyD) more consideration is given to the staff than customers38. According to the author, long queues at counters are caused by ________.A) the diminishing supply of good staffB) lack of cooperation among staffC) inefficient staffD) deliberate understaffing39. The disappearance of old-style hotel porters can be attributed to the fact that ________.A) self-service provides a cheaper alternativeB) the personal touch is less appreciated nowadaysC) machines are more reliable than human beingsD) few people are willing to do this type of work40. The author’s final solution to the problem discussed in the passage is ________.A) to put up with whatever service is providedB) to make strong complaints wherever necessaryC) to fully utilize all kinds of coin-eating machinesD) to go where good service is availablePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. When Mohammed, a friend of mine from the Middle East, first went to the United Kingdom to attend the university, ________ with women in the same class.A) he’s never before studiedB) he couldn’t before studyC) he would never before studyD) he hasn’t before studied42. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ________ before the West was settled.A) hasB) didC) wasD) would43. The cars were ________ because it was impossible to go any further in the fog.A) sacrificedB) transportedC) abandonedD) removed44. The new designs of the Christmas stamps are always waited for with keen ________.A) irritationB) predictionC) receptionD) anticipation45. Buck Helm, a retired salesman, survived ________ alive for 90 hours in his car.A) being buriedB) having buriedC) buryingD) to be buried46. We have had to raise our prices because of the increase in the cost of ________ materials.A) primitiveB) roughC) originalD) raw47. Indeed, almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all the works relevant to his own subject, ________ extensively outside of it.A) much more to readB) much less readingC) much less to readD) still more reading48. It is up to the Government to tackle the air pollution problem and ________ measures in line with the council’s suggestions.A) set aboutB) work outC) fill upD) bring over49. All that day my father was in ________ as he had lost his wallet.A) great anxietyB) ambitionC) ill humourD) hospitality50. We preferred to postpone the meeting ________ it without the presence of our president.A) rather than holdB) than to holdC) rather than heldD) to holding51. Many people, if not most, ________ literary taste as an elegant accomplishment, by acquiring which they will complete themselves, andmake themselves finally fit as members of a correct society.A) look onB) look downC) look inD) look into52. What a good listener is able to do is to process what he hears on the basis of the context ________.A) it occurring inB) occurred in itC) occurring in itD) it occurs in53. The car accident was ________ to the driver’s violation of the traffic regulations.A) assignedB) contributedC) attributedD) transferred54. She is a very ________ student. She’s always talking about travelling to outer space.A) imaginaryB) imaginativeC) imaginableD) imagining55. His lectures on Roman history would do credit ________ a real expert.A) inB) toC) ofD) with56. My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, ________ I keep to this day.A) and thusB) andC) soD) and which57. I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I ________ a rest.A) deserveB) preserveC) conceiveD) receive58. I found myself ________ to the spot where the experiment was being performed whenever I had some time to spare.A) drawsB) drawingC) drawnD) drew59. The construction of a 5-million-ton iron and steel works is now under ________.A) conclusionB) contributionC) continuationD) consideration60.Mary found it difficult to ________ Jim’s father when he disapproved of their marriage.A) stand forB) stand outC) stand byD) stand up to61. President Banda’s background as a doctor has given him ________ into the medical problem that face the country.A) a viewB) a visionC) an insightD) a sight62. I wish ________ to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear it’sa beautiful city.A) I wentB) I had goneC) I have goneD) having gone63. He ________ his job in order to engage in full-time writing.A) upheldB) resigned fromC) undertookD) took over64. The west is traditionally the land of the pioneers and the cowboys, where ________ could be easily made in cattle or land.A) fortunesB) propertyC) opportunitiesD) treasure65. I didn’t sent out my application form last week, but I ________.A) had toB) should haveC) would doD) might have to66. Vostok is close to the coldest spot in the world, where an ________minus 128.6 F was recorded in 1983.A) unreliableB) extraC) incredibleD) impossible67. It is human nature to think back to a Golden Age ________ one’s country was strong and respected.A) whenB) providedC) asD) unless68. I don’t mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when sixteen people arrive ________ for dinner.A) unusuallyB) excessivelyC) consequentlyD) unexpectedly69. Faced with all the difficulties, the girl ________ her mother for comfort.A) turned overB) turned fromC) turned toD) turned up70. David is the ________ holder of the world 5,000-meter world record, but there is no guarantee that he will win in the Olympic Games.A) currentB) predominantC) prevailingD) decisivePart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱. 1. time/times/periodMany of the arguments having╱ used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______a school subject are valid for ∧study of television. 3.______the______When you board a plane, a machine may soon be scanning more than your bags —it may be studying your face. A computer comes onto the market recently which (71) promises to be able to recognize faces at a glance from a video (72) camera.The system, known as PRES, has many possible use in (73) different fields but the most prominent is like to be monitoring (74) crowds at airports for known terrorists. Such a task is far from the capabilities of a conventional image processor, which is too quick to be of practical use. Moreover, it is too easily (75) confused: if image of a face in its memory is only a frontal (76) view. For example, they might not recognize that same face (77) when presenting with a side view of the face. (78) PARES relies in the new technology of neural (神经的) (79) networks. Like the brain, it has many interconnected memory “cells”, which work simultaneously rather than in sequence and thus greatly speed up the computation. And like the brain, the neural network can be trained to concentrate on essentials while ignoring of inessential matters-it can “learn” what’s (80) important and what isn’t. But the training is boring: an operator must patiently correct the computer’s mistakes.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the title: Motorcycles and City Traffic. You should base your composition on the following outline (given in Chinese):1. 近年来中国城市中的摩托车2. 摩托车的优点和缺点3. 你对我国城市中摩托车发展前景的看法You must write your composition in no less than 120 words on Composition Sheet and remember to write it in readable handwriting.1993年1月六级参考答案Part I1. C2. B3. A4. D5. B6. B7. C8. A9. A 10. D11. C 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. A16. C 17. D 18. B 19. D 20. BPart II21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A26. B 27. A 28. C 29. C 30. B31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A 35. C36. B 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. DPart III41. A 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. B 49. C 50. A 51. A 52. A 53. C 54. B 55. B 56. D 57. A 58. D 59. D 60. A 61. D 62. B 63. B 64. A 65. B 66. C 67. A 68. D 69. C 70. A。
1993年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷
1993年1月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A1. A) It was misleading.B) It was enjoyable.C) It was rather boring.D) It was just so-so.2. A) Pop music.B) Folk music.C) Classical music.D) All kinds of music.3. A) He will fly directly to his destination.B) He has to change at Albany.C) He is still not sure how to get there.D) He must change at Jacksonville.4. A) It‟s late.B) It‟s crowed.C) It‟s empty.D) It‟s on time.5. A) Unusual.B) Enthusiastic.C) Serious.D) Threatening.6. A) Her name is on the top of the list.B) She will be the last to be interviewed.C) She is expecting a job interview.D) She must fix a date for the job.7. A) The husband is not usually so observant.B) The wife is annoyed at her husband‟s complaint.C) The husband hasn‟t told the truth.D) The wife is going to the hairdresser‟s.8. A) The student miss their professor very much.B) The professor didn‟t give the lesson.C) A new course will begin next Monday.D) Some homework was assigned to the students.9. A) She accepted their request.B) She rejected their request.C) She agreed to consider their request.D) She asked them to come with the other.10. A) At work.B) Back at home.C) At the meeting.D) Away from home.Section BPassage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Cheap clothes.B) Expensive clothes.C) Fashionable clothes.D) Informal clothes.12. A) They enjoy loud music.B) They seldom lose their temper.C) They want to have children.D) They enjoy modern dances.13. A) Her twin sister often brings friends home and this annoys the speaker.B) They can‟t agree on the color of the room.C) They can‟t agree on the kind of furniture.D) The speaker likes to keep things neat while her twin sister doesn‟t.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) In the first semester.B) In the second semester.C) In the third semester.D) In the fourth semester.15. A) She is ill.B) She is too old.C) Her husband wants her to.D) Her husband is ill.16. A) His father.B) His mother.C) His girl friend.D) His teacher.17. A) He has decided to continue his studies.B) He has still to make a decision.C) He has decided to give up his job.D) He has still to take a part time job.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) Twenty years.B) A couple of weeks.C) A couple of years.D) Five years.19. A) David had been selling cars.B) David had taught business.C) David had become a salesman.D) David had made a lot of money.20. A) Rich people are not happy.B) Being rich is the best thing in the world.C) Being rich is not always a good thing.D) Rich people are usually with their families.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Protests at the use of animals in research have taken a new and fearful character in Britain with the attempted murder of two British scientists by the terrorist technique of the pre-planted car-bomb.The research community will rightly be alarmed at these developments, which have two objectives: to arouse public attention and to frighten people working in research with animals. The first need is thateverything should be done to identify those responsible for the crimes and to put them on trail. The Defence Research Society has taken the practical step of offering a reward of 10,000 pounds for information leading to those responsible, but past experience is not encouraging. People are unlikely to be tempted by such offers. The professional police will similarly be confronted by the usual problem of finding a needle in a haystack.That is why the intellectual (知识分子) community in Britain and elsewhere must act more vigorously in its own defence. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people. And it will not be enough for the chairmen and chairwomen of these organizations to utter placatory (安抚的) statements on behalf of all their members. These people should also undertake that it will be a test of continuing membership in their organizations that members and would be members should declare that they will take no part in acts of violence against human beings. Even such undertakings would not be fully effective: people, after all, can lie. But at least they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voice in the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals in research from the organizations that deserve no say.21. The words “these developments” (Para. 2, Line 1) most probably refer to ________.A) the acts of violence against scientistsB) the use of animals in researchC) the techniques of planting bombs in carsD) the establishment of new animal protection organization22. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) The police abandoned their efforts to find the criminals.B) The terrorists escaped with the help of their organizations.C) The attempted murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.D) People sympathized murder caused grave anxiety among British scientists.23. The author‟s purpose in writing his article is to demand that animal-protecting organizations ________.A) declare their objectives clearlyB) give up the use of violenceC) continue the dialogue with the scientific communityD) help to find those responsible for the attempted murder24. In the author‟s opinion ________.A) since people can lie, the problem about their rights of scientists can‟t be solvedB) animal-protecting organizations about be held responsible for acts of violence against scientistsC) animal protection organizations should be declared illegalD) the scientists should take effective measures to protect themselves25. What does the word “they” (Para. 3, Line 3) refer to?A) The animal-protecting organizations.B) The organizations that will talk with the research community.C) Those who support the use of animals in research.D) Those who support the animal-protection organizations.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The earlier type of suburb, which was most dependent on the railroad, had a special advantage that could be fully appreciated only after it had disappeared. These suburbs, spread out along a railroad line, were discontinuous and properly spaced; and without the aid of legislation (法规) they were limited in population as well as area; for the biggest rarely held as many as ten thousand people, and under five thousand was more usual. In 1950, for example, Bronxville, New York, a typical upper-class suburb, had 6,778 people, while Riverside, Illinois, founded as early as 1869, had only 9.153.The size and scale of the suburb, that of neighborhood unit, was not entirely the result of its open planning, which favored low densities. Being served by a railroad line, with station stops from three to five miles apart, there was a natural limit to the spread of any particular community. House had to be sited “within easy walking distance of the railroad station,” as some old residents would point out; and only those wealthy enough to afford a horse and a carriage dared to penetrate farther into the open country.Through its spaced station stops, the railroad suburb was at first kept from spreading or excessively increasing in numbers, for a natural greenbelt, often still under cultivation as park, gardens, remained between the suburbs and increased the available recreation area. Occasionally, in a few happy areas like Westchester, between 1915 and 1935 a parkway, like the Bronx River parkway, accompanied by continuous strip of park for pedestrian (散步的人) use, not yet overrun by a constant stream of urban traffic, added to the perfection of the whole suburban pattern. Whatever one might say of the social disadvantages this was in many ways a perfect physical environment. But it lasted less than a generation.26. What was the special advantage of the old type of suburb?A) Its nearness to the railroad.B) The vastness of its open space.C) Its small size in area and population.D) The high social status of its residents.27. The size of the old suburb was limited because ________.A) people wanted to live near a railroad stationB) it was originally planned by railroad companiesC) there was a law governing the size of the suburbD) local inhabitants didn‟t like to out in the country28. “Happy areas” (Para. 3, Line 3) were areas where ________.A) life was enjoyed by everyoneB) more roads were built to bypass the heavy trafficC) a greenbelt was available solely for recreationD) people could have lots of fun29. It is evident that the writer ________.A) finds urban life uncomfortableB) prefers life in the countrysideC) feels disappointed in the changes of suburbsD) advocates the idea of returning to nature30. The topic discussed in the passage is “________”.A) the size and scale of suburban neighborhood unitsB) the advantage of old-type suburbsC) the location of railroad stationsD) the concept of the suburban patternQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged, but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment in the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professor: one is the time needed to keep on with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts col lege. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research, but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess, and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professor unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” or something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.31. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A) It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.B) Teaching and research are contradictory to each other.C) Research can never be emphasized too much.D) The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.32. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because________.A) research improves the quality of teachingB) students who want to be challenged appreciate research professorsC) it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectivelyD) professor with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough33. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?A) Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.B) The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.C) It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientists.D) The rapid developments of modern science make it impossible to combine teaching with research.34. The title of professor should be given only to those who, first and foremost, do ________.A) teachingB) field workC) scientific researchD) investigation35. The phrase “the problem” (Para. 5, Line 3) refers to ________.A) raising the status of teachingB) the combination of teaching with researchC) the separations of teaching from researchD) improving the status of researchQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happened to be that put upon member of society-a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I‟m convinced that things are being run solely to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a new motto (座右铭) for the so-called …service‟organization-Staff Before Service. How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there aren‟t enough staff on duty at all the service counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to increase counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that bringing all their cash registers into operation at any time would increase expenses. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service counters to be occupied …at times when demand is low‟.It‟s the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is diminished. As for us guests (and how the meaning of that word has been cut away little by little), we just have to put up with it. There‟s also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been gradually with drawn from service in the interests of …efficiency‟ (i.e. profits) and replaced by coin-eating machines which supply everything from beer to medicine, not to mention the creeping threat of the tea-making set in your room: a kettle with teabags, milk bags sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I don‟t, especially when I am paying for …service‟.Our only hope is to hammer our irritation whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, restore that other, older saying-Take Our Custom (买卖) Elsewhere.36. The author feels that nowadays customers are ________.A) not worthy of special treatmentB) not provided with proper serviceC) considered to be inferior members of societyD) regarded as privileged37. In the author‟s opinion, the quality of service is changing because ________.A) the staff are less considerate than employersB) customers are becoming more demandingC) customers unwilling to pay extra moneyD) more consideration is given to the staff than customers38. According to the author, long queues at counters are caused by ________.A) the diminishing supply of good staffB) lack of cooperation among staffC) inefficient staffD) deliberate understaffing39. The disappearance of old-style hotel porters can be attributed to the fact that ________.A) self-service provides a cheaper alternativeB) the personal touch is less appreciated nowadaysC) machines are more reliable than human beingsD) few people are willing to do this type of work40. The author‟s final solution to the problem discussed in the passage is ________.A) to put up with whatever service is providedB) to make strong complaints wherever necessaryC) to fully utilize all kinds of coin-eating machinesD) to go where good service is availablePart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)41. When Mohammed, a friend of mine from the Middle East, first went to the United Kingdom to attendthe university, ________ with women in the same class.A) he‟s never before studiedB) he couldn‟t before studyC) he would never before studyD) he hasn‟t before studied42. America will never again have as a nation the spirit of adventure as it ________ before the West wassettled.A) hasB) didC) wasD) would43. The cars were ________ because it was impossible to go any further in the fog.A) sacrificedB) transportedC) abandonedD) removed44. The new designs of the Christmas stamps are always waited for with keen ________.A) irritationB) predictionC) receptionD) anticipation45. Buck Helm, a retired salesman, survived ________ alive for 90 hours in his car.A) being buriedB) having buriedC) buryingD) to be buried46. We have had to raise our prices because of the increase in the cost of ________ materials.A) primitiveB) roughC) originalD) raw47. Indeed, almost every scientist now finds it impossible to read all the works relevant to his own subject,________ extensively outside of it.A) much more to readB) much less readingC) much less to readD) still more reading48. It is up to the Government to tackle the air pollution problem and ________ measures in line with thecouncil‟s suggestions.A) set aboutB) work outC) fill upD) bring over49. All that day my father was in ________ as he had lost his wallet.A) great anxietyB) ambitionC) ill humourD) hospitality50. We preferred to postpone the meeting ________ it without the presence of our president.A) rather than holdB) than to holdC) rather than heldD) to holding51. Many people, if not most, ________ literary taste as an elegant accomplishment, by acquiring whichthey will complete themselves, and make themselves finally fit as members of a correct society.A) look onB) look downC) look inD) look into52. What a good listener is able to do is to process what he hears on the basis of the context ________.A) it occurring inB) occurred in itC) occurring in itD) it occurs in53. The car accident was ________ to the driver‟s violation of the traffic regulations.A) assignedB) contributedC) attributedD) transferred54. She is a very ________ student. She‟s always talking about travelling to outer space.A) imaginaryB) imaginativeC) imaginableD) imagining55. His lectures on Roman history would do credit ________ a real expert.A) inB) toC) of56. My grandpa gave me a watch, which is made of gold, ________ I keep to this day.A) and thusB) andC) soD) and which57. I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I ________ a rest.A) deserveB) preserveC) conceiveD) receive58. I found myself ________ to the spot where the experiment was being performed whenever I had sometime to spare.A) drawsB) drawingC) drawnD) drew59. The construction of a 5-million-ton iron and steel works is now under ________.A) conclusionB) contributionC) continuationD) consideration60. Mary found it difficult to ________ Jim‟s father when he disapproved of their marriage.A) stand forB) stand outC) stand byD) stand up to61. President Banda‟s background as a doctor has given him ________ into the medical problem that facethe country.A) a viewB) a visionC) an insightD) a sight62. I wish ________ to Stockholm when I was in Sweden. I hear it‟s a beautiful city.B) I had goneC) I have goneD) having gone63. He ________ his job in order to engage in full-time writing.A) upheldB) resigned fromC) undertookD) took over64. The west is traditionally the land of the pioneers and the cowboys, where ________ could be easilymade in cattle or land.A) fortunesB) propertyC) opportunitiesD) treasure65. I didn‟t sent out my application form last week, but I ________.A) had toB) should haveC) would doD) might have to66. V ostok is close to the coldest spot in the world, where an ________ minus 128.6 F was recorded in1983.A) unreliableB) extraC) incredibleD) impossible67. It is human nature to think back to a Golden Age ________ one‟s country was strong and respected.A) whenB) providedC) asD) unless68. I don‟t mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when sixteen peoplearrive ________ for dinner.A) unusuallyB) excessivelyC) consequentlyD) unexpectedly69. Faced with all the difficulties, the girl ________ her mother for comfort.A) turned overB) turned fromC) turned toD) turned up70. David is the ________ holder of the world 5,000-meter world record, but there is no guarantee that hewill win in the Olympic Games.A) currentB) predominantC) prevailingD) decisivePart IV Error Correction (15 minutes)Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark outthe mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it outand write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertionmark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word,cross it and put a slash (/) in the blank.Example:╱. 1. time/times/periodTelevision is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods╱used for the study of literature as 2. _______\_______Many of the arguments havinga school subject are valid for ∧study of television. 3. ______the______When you board a plane, a machine may soon be scanning more than your bags—it may be studying your face. A computer comes onto the market recently which (71) promises to be able to recognize faces at a glance from a video (72) camera.The system, known as PRES, has many possible use in (73) different fields but the most prominent is like to be monitoring (74) crowds at airports for known terrorists. Such a task is far from the capabilities of a conventional image processor, which is too quick to be of practical use. Moreover, it is too easily (75) confused: if image of a face in its memory is only a frontal (76) view. For example, they might not recognize that same face (77) when presenting with a side view of the face. (78)PARES relies in the new technology of neural(神经的) (79) networks. Like the brain, it has many interconnected memory “cells”, which work simultaneously rather than in sequence and thus greatly speed up the computation. And like the brain, the neural network can be trained to concentrate on essentials while ignoring of inessential matters-it can “learn” what‟s (80) important and what isn‟t. But the training is boring: an operator must patiently correct the computer‟s mistakes.Part IPart IIPart III。
2019年6月英语六级翻译真题及答案：汉语
【导语】2019年6⽉英语六级考试已结束，®⽆忧考⽹四六级频道在考后特别整理了2019年6⽉英语六级翻译真题及答案：汉语，仅供⼤家参考，祝⼤家顺利通过六级考试！ 汉语现在是世界上⽤作本族语⼈数最多的语⾔。
汉语与西⽅语⾔的⼀个重要区别在于它是以⽅块字(character)⽽不是以字母构成的。
⽬前仍在使⽤的书写系统中，汉语是最古⽼的。
在中国，来⾃不同地区的⼈可能听不懂对⽅的⽅⾔，但由于汉字有统⼀的书写形式，他们交流起来⼏乎没有任何困难。
汉语历对团结中华民族发挥了重要作⽤。
今天，随着中国经济的快速增长和全球影响⼒的增强，越来越多其他国家的⼈也开始学习汉语。
Chinese is now the language with the largest number of native speakers in the world. A significant difference between Chinese and Western languages is that Chinese consists of characters rather than letters. At present, Chinese is the most ancient in the writing system which is still in use. In China, people from different areas may not understand each other’s dialects, but they can barely have difficulty in communicating due to the unified writing forms of Chinese characters. In history, Chinese played an important role in uniting the Chinese nation. Nowadays, with the rapid increase of Chinese economy and the enhancement of global influence, an increasing number of people in other countries have begun to learn Chinese.温馨提⽰：考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统⼀，请依据试题进⾏核对。
大学英语六级历年翻译真题及答案.6
大学英语六级历年翻译真题及答案.6大学英语六级历年翻译真题及答案（2016.6）引导语：以下是店铺整理的2016年6月大学英语六级翻译真题及答案，希望能提高大家的英语翻译水平，欢迎阅读!创新：中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。
为了在科学技术上尽快赶超世界发达国家，中国近年来大幅度增加了研究开发资金。
中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究。
这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学、从新能源到机器人等高科技领域。
它们还与各地的科技园合作，是创新成果商业化。
与此同时，无论在产品还是商业模式上，中国企业家也在努力争做创新的先锋，以适应国内外消费市场不断变化和增长的需求。
参考答案：China's innovation is flourishing faster than ever before. In order to surpass developed countries on science and technology as soon as possible, China has sharply increased research and development fund. Chinese universities and institutes are actively doing innovative researches, covering various fields of high technology, from big data to biochemistry, and from new energy to robots. They are also cooperating with science and technology parks in different places, so as to commercialize their fruits of innovation. In the meantime, to adapt to the changing foreign and domestic market, and to satisfy the growing demand, Chinese entrepreneurs are also making pioneering efforts to innovate their products and business models.旗袍：旗袍(qipao)是一种雅致的中国服饰，源于中国的满族(Manzu Nationality)。
(完整word版)英语六级阅读理解逐句翻译
2006年12月一、In a purely biological sense, fear begins with the body’s system for reacting to things that can harm us -- the so—called fight—or—flight response. ”从纯生物角度来说，恐惧始于人体系统对会伤害我们的事情的反应—---即所谓的“战斗或逃脱"反应。
An animal that can't detect danger can't stay alive，” says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals，humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for about potential threats.“不能觉察到危险的动物无法生存”Jeseph LeDoux.像动物一样,人类进化过程中形成了一个精巧的机制,以处理潜在威胁的信息.At its core is a cluster of neurons （神经元) deep in the brain known as the amygdala (扁桃核)。
该机制的核心是大脑内部的一束被称为扁桃核的神经元。
LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives.Ledoux研究了动物和人类对危险的反应方式，以理解我们对于生活中重要事件是如何形成记忆的。
The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain， including regions responsible for retrieving memories。
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1993年6月
阅读一：
“有一个毫无意义的观念，当孩子长大后，他们会在18岁离开家，真理远
远不是这样的”美国威斯康辛大学的社会学家Larry Bumpass说。今天，意想不
到数量的年轻成年人与父母同住，“这在中场阶级有一个主要的转变”西北大学
的社会学家Allan Schnaiberg声明说，他的儿子19岁了，在离开八个月后回归
了。
分析家举出各种回巢的原因。结婚年龄的上升，使家庭及其家庭的愉快对年
轻人特别有吸引力。离婚率增高和再婚率将具有经济压力和遭受情感伤害的幸存
者送回到父母的庇护下。对于一些人来说，原理家庭的大学教育费用已经变得过
于巨大，所以很多学生现在加入当地的学校。即使毕业后，年轻人发现他们的翅
膀因为住房费用的暴涨而被折断。
一个学校的老师Knighton说住在家里，继续在安全和道义上给她支持。她
母亲同意了，“让孩子支付所有的资金是荒谬的，这使他们留在家里变得有道理。”
但是共享家庭的所有需要。这里有关于浴室、电话和隐私方面的困扰。但是一些
家庭巧妙的处理这些平衡关系，但是对于另外一些人太难了。米歇尔〃德尔图尔
科，24岁，已经在家待过三次并离开了三次。“我认为的一种普通饮品，我父亲
去认为是酗酒问题”，她说，“他从来不喜欢任何我约会的人，所以我要么躲起来，
要么在朋友的房子里和他们见面”。
在离开之前，成年子女应该与父母同住多长时间呢？大多数心理学家认为长
时间回家是一个错误。孩子，努力建立独立的身份，伴随着“不足感和失败感”
而结束。应该享受一些经济和个人自由的年迈的父母，发现自己被责任所束缚。
很多人都同意简单而有益的访问。
阅读二：
conservation这个词有节俭的含义。节约就是保存和保护，留下我们所享
受的这么好的条件让别人也可以享受享受。我们的祖先没有想到，人口增长将会
比原材料供应的增长更快，直到最近，其中大部分人又这个愚蠢的想法，财富是
“取之不尽用之不竭”的。前几代的公民很少知道或者根本不知道整个自然系统
之间复杂和微妙的关系，这意味着对于一个活体，一部分不健康的状况迟早会对
其他所有的部分带来伤害。
五十年前自然研究是学校工作的一部分，林业科学是一个新想法，木材依然
很便宜，因为能从遥远的林地获得任何数量的木材，土壤的破坏和河流洪水并不
是民族问题，没有人研究长期气候周期与适当的土地利用之间的关系，甚至
“conservation”这个单词的意思今天对于我们来说没有任何意义。
为了我们自己和那些我们的后来人，现在我们必须着手修复我们祖先所犯额
错误。因此，保护应该是每个人日常生活的一部分。知道地面上的水位就像知道
一个基本的算术公式一样重要。我们需要知道为什么上游源头森林地带集水区需
要保护植物的生命，为什么流动的溪流和河流必须让土壤充分受益后才流向大
海。我们需要被教导植树的义务就像砍伐它们一样。我们需要知道大的、成熟的
树木的重要性，因为生活空间对于生活在这个星球上的大多数人来说，不仅是表
面面积也是立体空间的大小。简而言之，尽我们的能力恢复自然原始之美应该是
我们的目标。
阅读三：
从最近的调查来看，大多数睡眠行为方面的专家同意嗜睡是一种全国的流行
病。“我想不出一个单一的研究没有发现美国人可以获得比他们应该得到的更少
的睡眠”，大卫博士说。甚至有人认为充足的睡眠他们可能会得到更好的休息。
我们睡眠不足的危机可以追溯到一个世纪前发明灯泡时。从18和19世纪的
日记和其他个人账户中，睡眠科学家已经达成结论，平均每个人一天晚上需要睡
9.5个小时。“最好的睡眠习惯曾经强迫我们，当我们从农场下来后晚上没有任
何事情做，而且天已经黑了。”在二十世纪50和60年代，睡眠时间已经大大降
低，在7.5到8小时之间，而且大多数人不得不被闹钟唤醒。“人们在睡眠上欺
骗自己，他们甚至没有意识到”，大为说，“他们认为他们很好因为他们能够得到
6.5小时的睡眠，但他们需要得到7.5、8小时或者更多时间睡眠的时候才感到
精力旺盛的时候。”
研究人员说，也许睡眠的最无情的强盗是一天的复杂程度。当有来自工作、
家庭、朋友和社交关系的压力时，很多人认为睡觉是他的计划中最便宜的项目。
“在我们的社会，如果你说你只需要5.5个小时的睡眠你会被认为是有活力的，
如果你得到了8.5小时的睡眠，人们会认为你缺少动力和野心”。
要确定睡眠不足的后果，研究人员让受试者进行了一系列的心理和性能测
试，例如，添加数列或者回忆一段只有几分钟前读给他们的话。“我们已经发现
如果你在睡眠不足的时候，性能会受到影响”，大卫博士说，“作为有做出决定和
集中精力的能力的短期记忆会被削弱。”
阅读四：
个人选择与健康行为的关系是一个重要的概念。估计90%的疾病是可以预防
的，如果个人能够根据目前的医学知识做出积极的选择。我们都喜欢选择的自由，
当在社会法律和到的界限内时不喜欢它被限制。美国的社会结构使我们能够几乎
允许我们做出所有的个人决定，可能会关乎我们的健康。如果我们愿意的话，可
以吸烟、酗酒、拒绝佩戴安全带、吃任何我们想吃的食物、不作任何运动的久坐
的生活方式。自由使这些个人决定成为我们社会的一个基本方面，虽然可以质疑
这些决策的智慧。相对健康的个人选择常常引起困难。作为一个李子，一个十几
岁的人可能知道吸烟与健康相关的事实，但是可能会受到朋友的压力来相信这是
社会公认的事情。
包括遗传和环境的多种因素影响健康相关行为的发展，讨论所有可能影响任
何特定个人的因素已经超出了本文的范围。然而，决定采取一种特定的健康相关
行为通常是个人的选择之一，有健康的选择也有不健康的选择。在讨论个人选择
的道德时，Fries和Crapo做了一个比较。他们认为故意做超过自己能力的一个
行为，是与自杀行为类似的来缩短寿命。因此，对于那些有兴趣维护双方生活质
量和数量的人，个人健康选择应该反映这些与增加活力和长寿概率统计相关的行
为。