二.冠词

二．冠词 在英语中，有一类词是汉语中没有的，那就是冠词。冠词常位于名词之前，用来修饰名词并帮助说明名词的含义。冠词是一种虚词，不能单独使用，必须与名词连用，置于名词之前。冠词分为不定冠词（a, an）与冠词（the）两种。 而定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词之前，表示特定的人或事物，相当于“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。 （一）、不定冠词 不定冠词主用于单数可数名词前，表示“一个”或“一类。” 1、a用于以辅音“音素”开头的单数可数名词前。 2、在月份、星期及morning, afternoon, evening, night, day等名词前有修饰词时，一律用a。 Smith arrived in Beijing on a rainy day. 史密斯在一个下雨天到达了北京。 He died in a cold February. 他死于寒冷的二月。 3、不定冠词an常用于元音发音开头的词前。 如：an apple, an hour, an honest boy, an English car. 注意： a useful dictionary （二）定冠词 定冠词用于特定的单数或复数名词之前，表示特定的人或事物，相当于“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”。 定冠词的常见用法有： 1、用来指独一无二的物体： The sun rose at six o'clock. 太阳在六点升起。 2、用于再次提及的名词前。 There is a cow under the tree. The cow is yellow.树下有一头牛，牛是黄色的。 3、用来指说话者双方心目中都知道的特定的人或事物。 This is the book you wanted. 这就是你要的那本书。 4、用于单数可数名词前，泛指一类。 The horse is an animal.马是动物。 5、用于序数词前、表示方位的名词和形容词最高级前。 如：the first, the best , in the south等 6、在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。 如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer. 布朗一家人今年夏天将要去上海渡假。 7用在某些形容词前，表示—类人或物。 the rich（富人）,the poor（穷人）,the deaf（聋人）,the blind（盲人）,the dead（死者）,the wounded（伤员） 8 用在乐器前。 eg.play the piano／guitar／violin／drums. 9 用于逢“十”的复数数词前，指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。 eg. In the 1970s,a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown. I think he is in the thirties. （三）不用冠词的情况 ： 1抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。 eg.Does she like music？ 2.在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。 eg.play basketball／soccer／chess 3.在三餐前不用冠词。 eg.have breakfast／lunch／supper／dinner 4.在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。 eg.My favorite is English. 5.在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。 eg.at noon, at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till night,at night,gO tO school,go to bed,at last 6.在有些词组中，用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。 in hospital（在住院）；in the hospital（在医院） in prison（在坐牢）；in the prison（在监狱里） at table（吃饭,用餐）；at the table（在桌旁） in front of（在某个范围之外的前面）；in the front of（在某个范围之外的前面） go to college（上大学）；go to the college（去那所大学） take place（发生）；take the place（代替） 二、用适当的冠词填空（不填处用“×”表示） ⒈ by train. ⒉ Huanghe River ⒊ for while ⒋ go out for walk ⒌ at foot of ⒍ half hour ⒎ Mr. Smith came here just now ⒏ There is old man in the village. Old man is seventy. ⒐ earth turns round sun. ⒑ We often have lunch at home. ⒒ I wish you happy life. ( ) 1 Han Meimei is ___ Chinese girl. Lucy is ____ English girl. A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a ( ) 4 There are sixty minutes in____hour. A. an B. the C. a D. / ( ) 5 This is ____ interesting book and it is also ____ useful one. A. an; an B. an; the C. ah; a D. a; a ( ) 1 We have never seen ____ interesting film. A. such B. such an C. so D. such a ( ) 3 He is___boy. A. a seven-years-old B. an eight-year-old C. the seven-year-old D. an eight-year-older 3 ( ) 1. Which bigger ___ elephant or ___ horse? A. a; the B. an; a C. the; an D. an; the ( ) 4 -Have you learned German? -Yes. It's ___ language I've ever learned. A. a quite difficult B: quite a difficult C. difficult quite D. difficult a quite ( ) 5 Some animals, like ____ cat, ____ dog or ____ wolf, do not need to hibernate (冬眠). A. /; /; the B. the; the; the C. a; /; the , D. the; /; / 4 ( ) 1 Yesterday we held____ talk with them in the hall. A. the B. this C. a D. an ( ) 2 My mother had___ fever, so I had to look after her. A a B. the C, / D. this ( ) 3 Looking at, he took___deep breath. A. / B. a C. that D. its 5 ( ) 3 It is____ pleasure to work with these workers. A. an B. / C. a D. this ( ) 4 After ____ quick breakfast I hurried to ____ school. A. /; / -rB. a; / C. the; the - D. the; / 6 ( ) 1 This is____egg. ____egg is big. A. a; A B. an; An C. a; The D. an; The ( ) 3 Here is basket. ___ basket is mine. A. a; The B. the; An. C. a; A D. the; A ( ) 4 There is____ bridge over there. ____ bridge is made of wood. A. the; The B. a; A C. the; A D. a; The 7 ( ) 1 She saw____ English film last Sunday. But she can not remember name of ___ film. A. an; a; a B. a; the; a C. an; the; a D. an; the; the ( ) 4 We shall visit your country in____ coming year. A. a B. the C. one D. that 8 ( ) 2 I'm busy____. A. at the moment B. at that moment C. in a moment D. just a moment ( ) 5 ___ girl in ___ Grade Three is ___ tallest in our school. A. The; the; the B. A; a; a C. The; /; the D. A; /; a 9 ( ) 4 China is one of ___ oldest countries in ___ world. A. the; the B. the; / C. a; a D. an; the ( ) 5 Mary is ____ only girl who has been to American. A. a B. the c. an D. / 10 ( ) I We can see___sun and___moon in___ picture. A.a; the; the B. the; a; the C. a; the; a D. the; the; the ( ) 3 Paris is ___ capital of France. A. a B. / C. one D. the 11 ( ) 1 ____ Browns arrived there yesterday evening. A. / B. A C. The D. An ( ) 3 ____ Browns are sitting at____ breakfast table. A. /; a B. The; / C. The; the D. /} the 13 ( ) I He likes playing___ piano, he doesn't like playing____ football. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; the D. /; / ( ) 2 Tom enjoys playing ____ football while I enjoy playing ____ piano very much. A. the; the B. a; a C. /; the D. the; / 15 ( ) 1 We should look after___ old. A. these B. those C. the D. an ( ) 3 ____ poor in those days had a hard time. A. A B. This C. The D. Those