从属连词及状语从句

从属连词及状语从句
从属连词及状语从句

从属连词及状语从句

状语从句概念:用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。引导状语从句的连接词是从属连词,状语从句可以在句首,也可以在句尾。

中考主要考查状语从句的类型有:

时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句及比较状语从句等。

1. 时间状语从句

时间状语从句在主句中表示时间,常用连接词有:when(当…时),while(当…时),as(当…时),before(在…之前),after(在…之后),since(自从),not…until(直到……才),as soon as(一…就),once(一旦…就)等。

I didn’t go to bed until I finished my homework. 我直到做完作业才去睡觉。

I can listen to the radio while I work. 我可以边听收音机边工作。

(1) 时间状语从句中,一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。

I will telephone you when he comes. 他来时,我会给你打电话。

(2) when引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生,从句的谓语可以是延续性动词,也可以是瞬间动词。

He was working when I went in. 我进去时他正在工作。

When she heard the news, she began to cry. 她听到这个消息,她哭了起来。

(3) while引导的状语从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的动词,意为“在…期间”。while还表示两者间的对比关系。They rushed in while we were singing. 我们唱歌时,他们冲进来。

I like playing football, while Tom likes listening to music.我喜欢踢足球,而汤姆喜欢听音乐。

(4) as引导状语从句,强调同时发生,不分先后。可以译成“随着”或“一边……一边”。

John sings as he walks home. 约翰一边往家走一边唱歌。

(5) since引导状语从句,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。

We have been friends since we met in Beijing.自从我们在北京遇到就一直是朋友。

It has been six years since she left school.自从她毕业已经有六年了。

6) until/ till引导时间状语从句,当主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词时,主句常用否定形式,not…until直到…才

He didn’t go to bed until he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。

2.地点状语从句

地点状语从句在主句中表示地点。其连接词有where(哪里),wherever(无论哪里)等。

Put it where you find it. 把它放在原来的地方。

You can sit wherever you like. 你喜欢坐在哪里就坐在哪里。

3. 原因状语从句

原因状语从句在主句中表示原因或者理由。其连接词有:because(因为),as (因为),since(既然)等。

I often eat carrots because they are good for my health.我经常吃胡萝卜是因为对我的身体有好处。

As I don’t know the way, I had to ask the policeman.由于我不知道路,所以我不得不问警察。

(1) because表示因果关系语气最强,常用来回答why提出的问题。

I didn’t tell them because they were too young.我没有告诉他们,因为他们太小。

(2) because和so不能同在一个句子里。Because the book was expensive, I didn’t bu y it. (I 前不用so)

4.结果状语从句

结果状语从句在主句中表示结果。其连接词有:so…that…(如此…以至于…),such…that…(如此…以至于…)等。It’s such a good chance that you can’t miss it. 这次机会如此好,你不能失去它。

注意:so…that 和such …that 都可以引导结果状语从句,注意so和such后面所接的词不同。

(1) such... that

such+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句

such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+that从句

He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常诚实,因而受到了老师的表扬。

They are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.这些小说非常有趣,我想再读一遍。

(2)但是如果名词前由many、much、few、little(少)等词修饰,则用so。

He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.他摔了很多跤,以至于全身上下青一块,紫一块的。

(3) so ... that

so+形容词/副词.+that从句

so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+that从句

He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非常快,没人能追上他。

Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him.他是一位好医生,大家都尊敬并爱戴他。

=He is so good a doctor that everybody loves and respects him.

=He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.

5. 目的状语从句

目的状语从句在主句中表示目的。其连接词有:so(以便),so that(为了),in order that(为了)等,从句中多用情态动词can, will, may, should 等。

He got up very early so that he could catch the first train.他起床很早以便于赶第一班火车。

6. 条件状语从句

条件状语从句在主句中表示条件。其连接词有:if(如果),unless (如果不,除非),as long as(只要)等。

If it is fine tomorrow, we will go swimming.如果明天天气好的话我们去游泳。

注意:在条件状语从句中,一般要用一般现在时代替一般将来时,一般过去时代替过去将来时。

Unless it rains, the game will be played.(= If it doesn’t rain, the game will be played.)如果不下雨,比赛就将进行。

As long as you tell truth , I’ll try to help you.只要你说出真相,我就尽力帮助你。

7. 让步状语从句

常由though/although (虽然),even if/ though (即使)等引导,但though/although不能和but同时出现在一个句子里。Though it’s ha rd work, I enjoy it.(= It’s hard work, but I enjoy it.)尽管这是一件艰苦的工作,但我乐意做。

She won’t leave the TV set even though /even if supper’s on the table.即使晚饭已摆在桌上,她也不愿意离开电视机。真题再现

1.—Mrs. Li, will you be angryyour students don’t obey the rules in class?(2014 山西)

— A little. But I will stop them in a friendly way.

A. if

B. unless

C. though

2. jeans were invented over 100 years ago, they're still in fashion today.(2014 江西)

A. Because

B. If

C. Although

D. Since

3. The teacher asked me to read aloud all the students could hear me.(2014 滨州)

A. so that

B. for

C. because

D. in order to

4. — The air pollution is terrible. (2014 扬州)

— It will be worse we take action to protect the environment.

A. if

B. unless

C. until

D. when

5. Lin Feng has to work late, she always wears a smile on her face. (2014 南京)

A. Because

B. If

C. Until

D. Though

6. In summer milk will quickly go bad it is put into a fridge. (2014 杭州)

A. though

B. unless

C. because

D. once

7. I don’t like TV series it’s boring.(2015 青海)

A.but B.and C.because

8. Mr. Smith has a habit of taking a showerhe has breakfast. (2015 温州)

A. though

B. before

C. because

D. since

9.You’d better travel around Nanjing with a local tour guideyou want to know more about

its culture. (2015 南京)

A.unless B.until C.although D.if

10. Pandas are facing danger! The situation won’t changehumans stop killing.(2015 南通)

A.unless B.though C.if D.after

11. — Jenny, will you leave for the USA now? — No. It will be two weeks I leave here.

A. until

B. since

C. before

D. when

12.my cousin is very young, she can help with the housework.(2015 福州)

A. Once; 不填

B.Though; but

C. Although; 不填

引导让步状语从句的从属连词 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要的有?a lthough, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等: Although [Though] he is poor, he is well contented. 他虽穷却能知足常乐。 Though [Even though] it’s hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管是苦活,但我乐意干。 Even if you don’t like wine, try a glass of this. 即使你不喜欢喝酒,也尝尝这杯吧。 While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同,但我们还是朋友。 However you use it, it won’t break. 不管你怎么使用,它都不会破。 Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么,我都相信你。 Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话,都说我出去了。 Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来,我们都欢迎。 However much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少?,他都不发胖。 英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法,群里都是说英语,没有半个中文,而且规则非常严格,是一个超级不错的英语学习环境,群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人,还有鬼佬和外国美眉。其实坦白说,如果自己一个人学习英语太孤独,太寂寞,没有办法坚持,好几次都会半途而废。只要你加入到那个群里以后,自己就会每天都能在群里坚持学,坚持不停地说和练,由于是付费群,群里的成员学习氛围非常强,每天的训练度都非常猛,本来很懒惰的你一下子就被感染了,不由自主地被带动起来参与操练,不好意思偷懒,别人的刻苦学习精神会不知不觉影响你,EYC英语微信群(群主vx 601332975)可以彻底治好你的拖延症,里面学员都非常友好,总是给你不断的帮助和鼓励,让你学英语的路上重新燃起了斗志,因为每天都在运用,你的英语口语就能得到了迅猛的提升,现在可以随便给一个话题,都能用英文滔滔不绝的发表5分钟以上对这个话题的看法和观点,想提高英语口语的可以加入进来,It really works very well.

连词与状语从句知识梳理 连词与状语从句知识梳理 知识梳理 知识点1: 一、连词含义 连词是一种虚词,不能担任一个句子成分。它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。 二、具体用法 1. 并列连词 1). 并列连词的功能: 连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。即,连接两个平行的 成分或句子。 如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, as well as, both… and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then等等。 2). 并列连词的用法:表示连接两个共同概念 and 和or 1) 并列结构中,or 通常用于否定句,and 用于肯定句。 2) 但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点: There is no air or water in the moon. There is no air and no water on the moon. 在否定中并列结构用or 连接,但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构,因此要用 and 。 both …and 两者都(两者都强调,谓语动词为复数) not only…but (also),不但…而且(强调后者,就近原则)

注意: not only… but also关联两个分句时,一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. neither …nor 意思为" 既不……也不……" (就近原则) Neither you nor he is to blame. as well as也 (强调前者,就远原则) The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much. I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels. 表示选择的并列结构 1) or意思为" 否则" 。 I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam. 2) either…or 意思为" 或者……或者……" 。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。 Either you or I am right. 表示转折或对比 1) but表示转折,while 表示对比。 some people love cats, while others hate them. 2) not…but … 意思为" 不是……而是……" not 和but 后面的用词要遵循一致原则。 They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being. 表示因果关系 1) for for 是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。 2) so, therefore

一、状语从句分类及常用连词: 类别连词 状语从句when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc. 状语从句where,wherever 状语从句because, since, as, for, now that, etc. 状语从句so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc. 状语从句in order that, so that, that, etc. 状语从句if, unless, as(so)long as, etc. 状语从句though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc. 状语从句as…as, so…as, than, etc. 状语从句as, as if, as though, etc. 二、相似连词的用法区别 1.when, while, as, while表时间,从句需用延续性动词,切不可用瞬间动词。 when表时间,从句既可以用延续性动词,又可以用瞬间动词。 as表时间,与when相似,但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。 when, while后可以接分词短语。 2.because, as, since, for 语气位置意义 because最强前或后“原因”;表客观因果关系;回答“”as较强前“由于”;把众人所知的事实当作理由since较弱前“既然”;就对方陈述的事实作为理由for最弱后“理由”;对某一事实进行推断的理由 注:上面所说的“前”,指从句在主句之前;“后”,指从句在主句之后。 3.so that, so…that, such…that so that“以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意:在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。 so…that “如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于: 1.so+形/副+that 2.so+形+a(an)+单数名词+that 3.so+manymuch+复数名词(不可数名词)+that such…that“如此的…以致于”表结果。该结构常见于: 1.such+a(an)+形+名词+that 2.such+形+复数名词/不可数名词+that

连词和状语从句 26.(2015·江苏高考)It is so cold that you can't go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes. A.if B.unless C.once D.when 解析:选B考查状语从句。句意:天太冷,你不能去外面,除非你全裹在厚衣服里。unless相当于if ... not (如果……不),符合句意。if“如果”;once“一旦”;when“当……的时候”,都不符合语意逻辑。________ fully covered in thick clothes为状语从句的省略,补充完整为“unless you are fully covered in thick clothes”。 33.(2015·湖南高考)________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it. A.If only B.After C.Although D.In case 解析:选C考查状语从句。句意:虽然这份工作要花大量的时间,但大多数学生都同意这次经历是值得的。句中的a significant amount of time与worth it之间构成对比,故用although引导让步状语从句。 20.(2015陕西高考)I believe you will have a wonderful time here ________ you get to know everyone else. A.though B.as if C.once D.so that 解析:选C考查状语从句。句意:一旦你认识了这里的其他所有人,我相信你会在这里玩得很愉快的。根据句中的关键信息you will have a wonderful time和you get to know everyone else,可知应用once引导时间状语从句。 31.(2015福建高考)________ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp. A.While B.Unless C.Since D.Until 解析:选A考查状语从句。句意:尽管学生们来自不同的国家,他们在夏令营相处得非常好。根据句意可知,本题前后为转折关系,所以应用while“尽管”来引导状语从句。 34.(2015·安徽高考)________he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going. A.Where B.As C.In case D.Now that 解析:选A考查连词。句意:在他曾经想放弃的地方,现在他有决心前行,并继续走下去。where 在这里是连词,意为“(在)……的地方”,符合语境。 23.(2015·安徽高考)________scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know. A.Once B.Since

一、重点知识归纳及讲解 (一)从属连词 从属连词是引导状语从句,宾语从句及其他从句的连词。 1.引导状语从句的从属连词有: 1)when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, since等,引导时间状语从句。 2)because, as, since等引导原因状语从句。 3)if, as long as等引导条件状语从句。 4)though, although引导让步状语从句。 5)so…that…, such…that…等引导结果状语从句。 6)so that引导目的状语从句。 7)as?as?;than等引导比较状语从句。 2.常用从属连词的辨析 1)when, as, while when, as, while都表示“当…的时候”,但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生,也可以先后发生,when既可指时间点,也可指一段时间,所以既可引导一短暂动作动词,也可引导持续性动作的动词。 用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生,不指先后,尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如:As I looked, someone came near.(正当我看的时候,有个人走上前来。)as还可说咱两种正发展或变化的情况,意为“随着”。如:As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.(随着春回大地,百花开始绽放。)表示主从句动作同时,as意为“一边…一边…”。如:He hurried home, looking behind as he went.(他匆匆忙忙跑回家,一边走一边回头望。) while只指一段时间,从句中的谓语动词不能用终止性动词,强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生,常对同类的动作进行对比。如:While we were waiting for a bus, it was raining hearily.(我们在等车时,天正下着大雨。) 2)till和until till和until都表示“直到…为止”。主句用延续性动词,主句和从句都用肯定式:意为“直到…才”。主句用终止性动词,从句用肯定式,主句用否定式。until较till正式,until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。 例如: She won't go away till you promise to help her. 直到你允诺要帮助她,她才走开。 Until you told me, I had heard of nothing what happened. 直到你告诉我,我才知道发生了什么事。 3)since since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时,其主句一般使用现在完成时。 例如: Jim has been in the factory for two years since he left school. 从吉姆毕业起,他在这家工厂工作两年了。

【专题四】介词、连词与状语从句 【考情分析】 介词 1.常见介词的用法及辨析。 2.介词与其他词性所构成的一些短语。 3.在定语从句中,介词的使用情况。 连词 1. 考查并列连词、从属连词的用法 2.重点考查主从复合句和并列句的连接词的选用。 状语从句 1.状语从句的分类 1.可分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型。 2.状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较;状语从句与定语从句引导词的辨析。 3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词的用法差异。 【知识归纳】 介词: 1.“名词+介词”型 the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to; wish/desire/prize/respect…for; pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on 2.“介词+名词”型 (1) in +名词 in advance 在前头,事先,预先in case 如果,万一in charge 主管,掌管,看管 in common 共有,共同,公有in demand 有需要的in doubt 感到疑惑的,难以确定的 (2)①on+名词 on guard 在值勤on leave 在休假on holiday在度假on strike罢工on sale出售on loan 借贷 ②on+the+名词on the move 在移动,搬迁;离开on the march 在行军on the flow 在涨潮 (3) beyond +名词 beyond one's power 是某人力所不及的beyond one's reach 够不着 beyond description 难以形容beyond words 无法用语言形容beyond doubt 无疑 (4) under +名词 under development 在发展中under observation 在观察中under test 在测试中 under construction 在建设中under examination 在检查(调查)中under consideration 在考虑中 (5) at +名词 at length 详细地,长时间at sea 茫然at will 任意地at work 在上班at lunch 在吃午饭 at rest在休息at table 在吃饭at school 上学at church 做礼拜at peace 处于和平状态 (6) out of +名词 out of breath 上气不接下气out of balance 失去平衡out of date 过时out of patience 不耐烦 3.“动词+介词”搭配 ①rob sb. of sth. ; supply us with food ;make a desk of wood ; make bread from flour ②介词+the +部位与动词的关系(=动词+sb.’s +部位,可换用) strike him on the head(“击,拍,碰,摸”意义与on连用) catch him by the arm(“抓,拉,拿,扯”意义与by连用) 注意:同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异的情况。 reply to the letter回信,sing(dance)to the music和音乐唱(跳),amount to 达到,加起来有……,devote to把……贡献给,drink to为……干杯,object to反对,look forward to 渴望,come to苏醒,belong to属于,search for搜……,ask...for...寻找,use...for用作,leave for前往,take...for 误以为, 4.“形容词+介词”型 at前的adj.:angry, good, bad, surprised, excited, puzzled等。 of前的adj.:afraid, sure, certain, full, tired, fond, proud, worthy等。worthy of值得的;proud of(take pride in)自豪;sure of / about确信;fond of喜欢;full of充满 with前的adj.: angry, strict, busy, careful, popular, patient等。satisfied with (by)满意;busy with sth.(in doing sth.)忙着干某事;wrong with不对 in前的adj.:strict, weak, interested, successful, rich等。 to前的adj.:polite, kind, cruel, rude, close, available等。similar to相似for前的adj.:sorry, famous, fit, unfit, eager, anxious,(be) hungry/thirsty 等。grateful for sth. to sb.为某事感激某人;fit for适合;ready for准备from前的adj.:far, different, free, safe等。free from没有……(免除……);far from离……远 about前的adj.:worried, anxious, careful,curious等。glad about sth. for sb.为某人某事高兴 5.复杂介词型 (1) 表示原因(通常在句中作状语), 意为“由于,因为”。 because of:表示实际原因(表达一种较强的因果关系);on account of:常用来引述逻辑、理性和事实因素。 (2) 表示“除……之外”。 with the exception of=except, except for“除……之外”; apart from (=美式英语中的aside from)是个复合介词,既可表示“除……之外”,相当于except (for), 又可以表示“除……之外,(还,也)”,相当于besides;in addition to“除……之外(还,也)”,相当于besides。(3) 表示“有关,关于”。 concerning=regarding“关于,就……而论,在……方面”;with respect to“关于,就……而言”; as for和as to用于句首时表示“至于”。 (4) 表示“在……之前”。 ahead of=in advance of,可表示“(在空间或时间上比某人或某事物)更前,更早”,还可表示“领先,优于”; in front of 多指空间的前后关系,“在……前方”。 (5) 表示“支持,赞成”。 in support of 维护,支持,支援;in favor of 可指某人“支持,赞成”,也可指事物“有利于……”。 (6) 表示“鉴于,由于;根据,按照”。 in the light of 按照,考虑到in terms of 就……而言,谈到according to 根据;按照 in view of 鉴于,因为 (7) 表示“尽管”。 in spite of 尽管,不管 连词 连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语,谓语与谓语,句子与句子,分词与分词的词,它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用;而从属连词一般连接主句与从句,从句形式有名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句等。 1.并列连词 并列连词可用来连接词与词,词组与词组,分句与分句。常用的并列连词有:and(和),as well as(既……又),both... and(不但……而且),not only... but also(不但……而且),not ...but(不是……而是),neither...nor(既不……也不),either... or(不是……就是),or(或者),but (但是),yet(然而),for(因为),so(所以),while(而),when(这时)等。如:Both my brother and my sister are teachers./ His room is bright but mine is gloomy(暗沉沉的)./ He can not only repair radios but also fix them./ It is a glorious(光荣的)yet difficult task./ Strike while iron is hot. 2.从属连词 从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有:(1)引导时间状语从句的:after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as (2)引导原因状语从句的:because, since, as (3)引导让步状语从句的:although, though, no matter(无论), even if (though) (4)引导条件状语从句的:if, unless, once, so (as) long as (5)引导结果状语从句的:so... that..., such...that... (6)引导目的状语从句的:so that..., in order that... (7)引导比较状语从句的:as...as..., not so (as)... as...,... than... (8)引导方式状语从句的:as if... (9)引导主语,宾语或表语从句的连词主要有:that, whether, if三个。其中that 和whether间或还可以引起同位从句和状语从句。 3.几组容易混淆的并列连词: (1)and, or和but I must work hard, or I'll fail in the contest. Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance. —Would you like to come to dinner tonight? —I'd like to, but I'm too busy. (2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且 She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. (3)neither...nor “既不……也不……”;both...and...“两者都”;either...or...“不是……就是……” Neither you nor he is to blame. Either you or I am right. (4)not...but... 不是……而是…… They were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a human being. (5)for 因为 He is absent today, for he is ill. 注意:for是并列连词,不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首,只能将其放在两个分句中间。 (6)so, therefore因此 He hurt his leg, so he couldn't play in the game. 状语从句: (一)时间状语从句 时间状语从句 1.when, while, as的区别 这三个词都可以用作连接词,表示时间关系,但有所区别。 (1)when表示时间关系时,意思常常是“当(在)……的时候”。主句和从句中的动作或事情可以同时发生,也可以先后发生。例如: When we were at school, we went to the library every day. 我们在求学的时候,每天都到图书馆去。 (2)while 用作连接词表示时间关系时,意思也是“当(在)……的时候”,主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生。它有时可与when通用,但它只能指一段时间(a period of time),而不能指一点时间的(a point of time)。如上面第一个例句中的when,可以用while代替;而第二个例句中的when,就不能用while代替。例如: Please don’t talk so aloud while others are working. 别人在工作的时候,请勿大声讲话。 (3)as用作连接词表示时间关系时,意思也是“当(在)……时候”,往往可与when或while通用,但它着重指主句和从句中的动作或事情相并发生。例如: I saw him as he was getting off the bus.当他下公共汽车的时候,我看见了他。 2.一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句 the minute, the moment, the instant, every time, the last time, every time。如:

状语从句 状语从句是每年高考单项填空部分必考的题目之一,也是理解长难句的关键之一;考察的重点仍然是考生容易混淆的近似连词的用法;试题的结构越来越复杂,设问的角度越来越多样化。只要掌握了九种常见状语从句知识及其常用连接词的语意和语用特征,一般情况下就不成问题了。 考点:连接词,时态(时间、条件状语从句),倒装(让步,结果状语从句),省略(条件句虚拟语气省略倒装,非谓语),结果状语从句与定语从句(such/so…as/that)区别,(随着)状语从句与介词(as/with)区别, 让步状语从句与名词性从句(no matter what/whatever)区别 一、时间状语从句: 1) 一、、、就、、、 as soon as, the moment / minute /second/ instant (that) …, ……, immediately / instantly / directly… , No sooner … than … / Hardly / Scarcely … when … , 注意:介词“on”也表示“一、、、就、、、”,非时间状语从句,而是时间状语。 on (doing) sth : On his arrival / On arriving at the airport, he was arrested by the police. 2) 自从since 句型:It is / has been + 段时间+ since 从句. 3)直到、、、才until / not …until 句型:倒装句,Not until I got home did I realize I had been away so long. 句型:强调句,It was not until I got home that I realized I had been away so long. 4)each / every / any / next / last / this / that time …, …… the first / second …… / last / whole time … , …… by the time … , …“在、、、以前,、、、、、、” the day / week / mo nth / year … , …… 5)after 6)before “在、、、之前” “还没、、、就、、、”,强调时间短 “过了、、、才、、、”,强调时间长 句型:It will(not) be long before…… 7)when / while / as 二、让步状语从句: 1)although “尽管、、、,虽然、、、,虽则、、、” Although (he is) quite old, he( still) jogs every day. Although it was snowing, (yet) it was not very old. I was late for the last train although I hurried. 2)as “虽然、、、但是,纵使、、、”(需将形容词、副词、名词、动词等放在句首,

专题九连词和状语从句 1.【2015·湖南】24.Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands. A. to leave B. leaving C. leave D. left 【答案】D 【考点定位】考查状语从句中的省略问题。 【名师点睛】一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由 when ,while ,as ,before, after , till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语从句;由 though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;由 as ,than 等引导的比较状语从句;由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句在省略时,并非任何成分都可以省略而是遵循下面原则:(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时且从句中含有be动词的某种形式时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be 。(2)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,但从句主语是 it,从句中又含有系动词be 的某种形式时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此题的形式属于:连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as ) + 过去分词。完整的句子就是:Video games can be a poor influence if they are left in the wrong hands. 2.【2015·北京】25.He is a shy man,___he is not afraid of anything or anyone. A.so B. but C.or D. as 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析:句意:他是一个害羞的人,但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。A. so因此;B. but 但是;C. or或者;D. as作为。根据句意,前后句表示转折,因此选择but。 【考点定位】考查连词辨析 【名师点睛】本题考查连词中在句子中的应用,做题时要分析前后句中所用的连词表示的是什么关系,看语境中前后句子的关系是转折还是并列,所以做好此类题先了解连词的意思,

并列连词和从属连词 连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如:and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then 等等。 1. 并列连词并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词;短语或句子。并列连词包括:基本并列连词如and, or , but , 关联连词如either...or , neither...nor , not only...but also ,both ...and, whether...or 等;介于并列连词与从属连词之间的连词;介于并列连词与从属连词或介词之间的结构如as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等;此外还有些'半连接词',一些语法学家把它们称为连接副词,如nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等,它们在句中做连接性状语。这类连词主要是从逻辑上,而不是从形式上连接句子,其关系比较松散。 1) 表示意义转折和对比的并列连词 常见的有:but , while, whereas, still, yet , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only , conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime 等词语。 2) 表示选择的并列连词 常见的有:or, whether...or, either...or, otherwise 等。例如: Either ...or 和whether...or 表示选择,其意义比单用or 要强,但由whetrher...or 构成的并列结构一般只能担任句子的从属成分。上例中最后一句,whether...or 结构在句中担任句子的从属成分。Either ...or 和or 一样,可以连接两个并列的独立分句,而whether...or 则不可以。or 用于表示否定的条件意义时,有时可与连用。 Or 连接主语时,如主语都是单数,动词则取单数形式;如主语都是复数,动词则取复数形式,如果主语有的是复数,动词则取复数形式,如果主语有的是单数,有的是复数,动词的数则与它靠近的主语的数相一致。 连接两个主语时,动词的数也应与靠近他的主语的数相一致。例如: Neither he nor I am a good student. 3) 表示因果意义的并列并列连词 常见的有:for ,so ,therfore ,hence ,thus, accordingly, consepuently, on that account, in that case 等。例如:The fuel must have beeenfinished, for the engine stopped. It rained , therefore the game was called off. 表示原因的并列连词只有for ,它所引导的分句只是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for 引导的分句只能置于句末,而且必须用逗号与前一分句隔开。上面所提到的so,therefore 等词,有的语法学家把它们做为连接性状语。 4) 表示联合关系的并列连词 常见的有:and, both...and, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。 当neither...nor, not only ...but also 连接主语时,动词的数则与靠近它的主语的数相一致。Both ...and 不能连接两个以上的并列成分,也不能连接分句。例如:误:Both Mary swept the floor and Nancy mopped it. 5) 其它并列连词 常见的有:as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等. (1) as well as 表示'同' 和'也' 的意义 as well as 用作并列连词时它意义相当于not only...but also, 但侧重点在后一并列成分上而as well as 侧重点却在前一并列成分上,A as well as B=not only B but also A. (2) more than 表示而不是之意. 例如: (3) rather than 表示'而不是' 之意. (4) no less than 表示' 同... 一样' 之意. 当as well as ,more than, rather than, no less than 连接两个成分作主语时谓语动词应于第一个成分的数相一致. 在使用并列连词时我们应该注意:

并列连词when 和引导时间状语从句的从属连词when 是不同的。这主要表现在以下几个方面: 1. 位置:when 引导时间状语从句时,该从句可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后;而并列连词when 只能位于两个分句之间,而且前面常常有逗号。例如: Come when you please. 你高兴来就来吧。(when 为从属连词) When I saw him,he was writing to a friend of his. 我看见他时,他在给一个朋友写信。(when 为从属连词) I was taking a walk,when I came across him. 我正在散步,突然碰见了他。 2. 意义:when 作从属连词用时,它所引导的从句表示主句中谓语动词动作发生的时间,即作“当……时”解;而并列连词when 连接的两个分句中,第一个分句表示的是背景,第二个分句表示的是一种突然的、意想不到的情况或过早发生的事情。when 通常含“这时突然”之义。例如: I was thinking of this,when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事,突然听到有人叫我的名字。 I had just fallen asleep,when the boor-bell rang. 我刚入睡,门铃突然响了起来。 这种意义在孤立的句子中可以理解到,在文章中更能体会得到。如在“I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop ”一句中,“在街头漫步”只是“看见有家缝纫店”的时间,其后作者怎样走进缝纫店,想要什么样的衣服,怎样受到伙计的奚落,又怎样受到老板的奉承等情景均与“漫步街头”没有直接的因果关系。 3. 时态:when 引导的时间状语从句中可以根据句意的需要用一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、分别说明现在,过去,甚至将来的行为;并列连词when 后面的分句中通常用非延续性动词的一般过去时,其前表时间的分句中可用: (1 )过去进行时表示过去某时间正在进行的动作。例如: I was cooking when I heard her knocking at the door. 我正在做饭,突然听到她敲门的声音。 He was thinking about the problem,when an apple fell to the ground. 他正在思考这个问题,突然有一只苹果掉到了地上。 (2 )was /were going to,was / were about to,was / were on the point of 表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作。例如: I was just going when he came in. 我正要走,这时他就进来了。 We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要动身天就开始下起雨来了。 He was on the point of leaving,when someone knocked at the door. 他刚要走就有人敲门。( 3 )过去完成时表示过早发生的事情。请看下述两种场合:(a )过去完成时和含否定意义的hardly,scarcely,nearly 连用,和just,little 连用,或者与否定词not 连用时,表示“刚……,就……”的意思。例如: I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚一开门他就打了我一下。 I had nearly reached the town,when the young man suddenly said very slowly,“Do you speak English?”我快要进城了,年轻人突然慢慢地说:“你会讲英语吗?”

状语从句与连词转练 1.Roses need special care ______ they can live through winter. (2004·全国) A. because B. so that C. even if D. as 2.______ you call me to say you’re not coming. I’ll see you at the theatre. (2004·全国) A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless 3.Several weeks had gone by ______ I realized the paining was missing. (2004·全国) A. as B. before C. since D. when 4.We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started. (2004春·北京) A. when B. while C. until D. before 5.The shop doesn’t open until 11 a.m., ______ it loses a lot of business. (2004春·北京) A. for B. or C. but D. so (2004春·北京) 6.______ I can see, there is only one possible way to keep away from the danger. (2004春·北京) A. As long as B. As far as C. just as D. Even if 7.______ I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. (2004·江苏) A. while B. Since C. Before D. Unless 8.Scientists say it may be five or six years ______ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.(2004·福建) A. since B. after C. before D. when 9.I do every single bit of housework ______ my husband bob just does the dishes now and then. (2004·陕西) A. since B. while C. when D. as 10.—I think George doesn’t really care for TV plays. —Right, ______ he still watches the program. (2004·陕西) A. and B. but C. or D. so 11.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ______ I disagree. (2004·全国) A. why B. where C. what D. how 12.______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (1999 全国) A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As though as 13.You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them. (1999 全国) A. when B. where C. then D. there 14.______ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. (1999 上海) A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check 15.______ everybody knows about it, I don’t want to talk any more. (1999 上海) A. For B. Even C. Since D. However 16.One more week, ______ we will accomplish the task. (1999 上海) A. or B. so that C. and D. if 17.The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, ______ they will save us money in the long run. (2000 北京) A. or B. since C. for D. but 18.John may phone again. I don’t want to go out ______ the phones. (2000 北京) A. as long as B. in order that C. in case D. so that 19.I shall stay in the hotel all day ______ there is news of the missing child. (2000 上海春季) A. in case B. no matter C. in any case D. ever since

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