stepbystep3000第三册unit5答案及原文

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step_by_step3000第三册unit2答案及原文

Unit 2Earth and EnvironmentPart 1Warming upA1. ...impact of climate change … damage to crops … worse ...2. ...2000 delegates …northern Brazil … third United NationsConference on Desertification.3. ...A huge oil spill … Mexico, ...4. Wildfires … Florida … contained … a week ...5. ... Greenland is melting around the edges … 50 cubic kilometers …raise global sea level ...B1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the“Boulder County Green Pages”.Tapescripts:1.Australia is the world’s driest continent. Ther e’s general agreementthat the country has to use water more efficiently. In many part supplies are in crisis.At a meeting in Canberra, the Council of Australian Governments has approved national water plan. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community. The amount of water taken from rivers for commercial use is to be cut and farmers will be compensated.2.The disappearance and deformity of amphibians such as frogs andsalamanders from rain forests and mountain lakes worldwide has attracted wide-spread scientific attention over the last decade.Now a new study says reptile species including turtles, snakes, and alligators are in even greater trouble. Twice as many reptiles as amphibians, or some 100 species, are currently listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union. The study says habitat loss and degradation, pollution, disease, climate change, and over-collection for food, pets and drugs are the major threat to reptiles.3.Four regional governors from Columbia, on a visit to Washington,have sharply criticized an American-backed aerial offensive to eradicate thousands of hectares of illegal coke and poppy plantations.At a news conference the governors called for a different approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade, saying that the herbicides currently being used were harmful to public health and the environment.4.Much attention has been devoted to the threatened animal species. Butwhat about plants which are the fundamental bases of life? One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction. Since all food chains begin in the sphere of plant life, this is bad news for the animals too, including humans who depend on plants not only for food but also for medicines, building materials, and other vital purposes. 5.A new local directory for the environmentally-aware is now available,called the “Boulder County Green Pages.” The Rotary Clubs in Boulder County got together with local recycling and environmental specialists to put together this firstever directory. It includes quick reference to green products and services for recycling, xeriscaping, energy conservation, and more. The $5 cost helps raise funds for the sponsoring groups.Part II News ReportsA...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthTapescript:An annual study by the Worldwatch Institute here in Washington says with the boom in the information economy, Americans have lost sight ofthe deteriorating health of the planet.State of the World 2000 says the fast growing information economy is affecting every aspect of life, from communication, commerce and work, to education and entertainment.Lead author and Worldwatch President Lester Brown says while Americans generally feel a sense of optimism about the economy, the planet’s health is suffering. He says it is a mistake “to confuse the vibrancy of the virtual world with the increasingly troubled state of the real world.”“We give the earth an annual ph ysical, and this book is the result of that annual physical. We check its vital signs. And almost all those vital signs, whether it’s the number of species, whether it’s the stability of climate, whether it’s the number of species, whether it’s the stabili ty of climate, whether it’s the health of coral reefs, all those trends show deterioration.”Lester Brown says other warning signs are rising temperatures, falling water tables, melting glaciers, shrinking forests and collapsing fisheries. He says the major environmental challenges in the 21st century will be to stabilize both climate and world population growth.Worldwatch Institute President Lester Brown also points out initiatives by multinational corporations to seek energy alternatives. For example, Daimler-Chrysler and Shell Oil are working with the government of Iceland to turn that country into the first hydrogen powered economy.BSummary… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions1.1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China,western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5.To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7.50 liters8.500 litersTapescript:The UN water experts are warning that a severe water shortage will have what they call catastrophic consequences in some developing nationsunless global solutions are found soon. One hundred and fifty experts around the world will discuss the water situation at a conference beginning Monday in Geneva.A top official from the World Meteorological Organization Arthur Askew says that by the year 2025, almost 1 billion people could be living in areas suffering from a scarcity of water. He says the number could double by the middle of the next century. Mr Askew says one area with serious water problems is the Middle East. But he says officials in the area are already working on ways to deal with the situation.Experts say water shortage problems also could develop in parts of Africa and western Asia as well as northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, and parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America. Mr Askew says there’s a moral obligation to treat water as a precious resource and a need to realize that large amounts of water are used often wastefully in food production and manufacturing.“All commodities have used water in their production and you must be aware therefore that if you’re importing food from one country to another you are in fact importing part of the water resources of that country.”Mr Askew also says water shortages lead to a conflict between rural and urban demands.“In many regions of the world, the water crisis is not coming because ofhuman consumption directly for potable water, for drinking, or for sanitary purposes, it’s coming for agricultu re. And in general about 80 percent of the water, which is consumed, i. e., is extracted from the rivers or from underground resources and is not returned, is for agriculture. And there’s considerable pressure now on the agricultural sectors to see if they cannot use that water ore efficiently.Mr Askew says it’s estimated that a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person lives comfortably with about 50 liters a day. But he says people in many countries are using 500 liters of water each day. He says ways must be found to reduce such overuse before it’s too late.Part III City recyclingA a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1B1.130,000 / 80%2. Plastic / glass / tin cans / newspapers3. Recycle truck pick it up.4. One of community’s recycling centers5. Each weekday6. Conducts tours of the plant7. 3 / 48. Sod to other companies that make them into different products9. Made into new containers10. One of the top five in the USATapescript:The United States is running out of landfill space, places to put its trash.Because of that, more communities are encouraging their residents to recycle, to set aside certain materials that won’t go to the landfill. One area that’s met the re cycling challenge head-on, is the southeast City of Charlotte, North Carolina. In just a few years, its recycling program has become one of the country’s most successful.Catherine Smith lives in one of the 130,000 eligible recycling households in Charlotte, North Carolina. Nearly 80 percent of the households participate in the program. Each week, Smith goes to her front porch and fills her red plastic bin with recyclables. “You’ve got any plastic containers marked one or two. You’ve got any glass. They also recycle tin cans and newspapers. So all of that can go in the curbside pick-up bin.”“Well, this is the easy part. Then someone, ah, driving a Charlotte Mecklenburg ‘Recycle Now’ truck comes and, usually, at some point—tomorrow or Friday—and they pick it up at curbside. And that’s it.”From there, Smith’s cans, bottles, and newspapers are taken to oneof the community’s recycling centers. The City of Charlotte actually contracts with a private company to process the recyclables.This plant is operated by a company called FCR. The recycling trucks pull into FCR each weekday morning to drop off the used material. Inside, the processing center at FCR is bustling with activity. One of the first things you notice in the 26,000-square-foot facility is a huge mound of materials called the “commingle area.” Basically, it’s a big pile of assorted trash. There are forklifts transporting garbage, and people sorting through it. Paula Hoffman is education coordinator at FCR. She conducts tours of the plant for more than one thousand people a month.“The aluminum cans, the number one and number two plastic containers, the spiral cans, the glass bottles and jars are all mixed together into a huge pile. And…we are receiving about 100 tons a day, which is 200,000 pounds, so you can imagine how many bottles and cans are in that pile.”“Can we walk around a little bit?”“As you can see, the bottles and cans are riding up the conveyor belt, and they’ll end up on a sorting station, where there are twel ve workers that will hand-sort the bottles and cans and other containers. As you can see, from the sorting station, they drop their material down a chute into a large container below. The sorting station is on a raised platform.”Across from the sorters and the commingle area is a mound ofnewspaper. Of the material brought to FCR, three quarters of it is newsprint. It rides a separate conveyor belt, is checked, and is compacted into bales, 11 to 12 hundred pounds each. Back in the quiet of FCR’s auditorium, Paula Hoffman describes what happens to the sorted and processed recyclables the company receives from Catherine Smith and the thousands of other area residents. Hoffman says they’re sold to other companies that then make them into different products.“Your food and beverage glass containers are always made into new food and beverage glass containers. Your aluminum beverage cans are, the biggest percentage of the time, made into new aluminum beverage cans. Twenty five percent of all beverage, Coca-Cola, Pepsi bottles are now made into new Pepsi or Coke bottles. However, a certain percentage is also made into other products such as the fuzz on a tennis ball, carpeting…your number two plastic…a lot of it’s made into plastic wood.”Charlotte, the surrounding county, and FCR are glad to add new recyclables to their program as long as there’s a need for the recycled material. From its high participation rate to the quality end product, Charlotte’s recycling program is considered one of the top five i n the nation.But ultimately, the success of the Charlotte area recycling program can be traced to the curbsides of the many individual citizens who, likeCatherine Smith, are active participants in program.11。

step by step 3000 第四册 Unit 5课件及答案

B2
• 1. elementary school • 2. abstainers / basics of human reproduction /
HIV Aids / sexually transmitted diseases / rape / safe sex / condoms / birth • control / abortion / homosexuality • 3. want schools to teach more • 4. parents / don't talk about sex / want schools to do it • 5. a need for more sex education / more practical approach to dangers and risks of sexual behavior
Unit 5
part I
• A. Chewing gum嚼口香糖 • violation违反；妨碍；违背；侵害 • rape强奸；掠夺； assault攻击；袭击 • B.retrieve恢复；检索；重新得到 disruptive破坏的；
分裂的 unruly不守规矩的；任性的；难驾驭的 sullen愠怒的；不高兴的 foul mouthed说脏话 agoraphobia旷野恐怖 blossom开花；光明 Labrador 拉布拉多 flourish兴旺；茂盛 • C. malnutition营养不良 malnourished营养失调 boost 促进；增加 infrastructure基础设施 scant不足的；减少 bleak阴冷的；荒凉的 eliminate消除；排除
• 7. HIV infection will continue to fester in about 0.5% of the population in the U. S.

英语听力入门stepbystep3000第一册标准答案及原文

Unit 1 Part I A1. Oxford / commitment / academic record2. oldest/ largest / reputation / research / science3. first / Australia / 150 years / excels4. excellence / 17.000 / location5. largest / 1883 / situated / 26,0006. 1636 / enrollment / 18,500/ schools7. awards / degrees / 20,000 8. located / 135 / thirdB1.2,700 languages / 7,000 dialects / regional / pronunciation2.official / language3.One billion / 20 percent4.Four hundred million / first / 600 million / second / foreign5.500,000 words / Eighty percent / other6.Eighty percent / computers7.African country / same8.1,000 / Africa9.spaceship / 1977 / 55 / message / the United StatesC 1 – (a) 2 – ( c) 3 – ( d) 4 – (b )All right, class. Today we’re going to be looking at different language learning styles. You may be surprised to find that there are different ways of going about learning languages, none of which is necessarily better than the others. Researchers have identified four basic learner “types”–the communicative learner, the analytical learner, the authority-oriented learner and the concrete learner. Communicative learners like to learn by watching and listening to native speakers. At home, they like to learn by watching TV and videos. They like to learn new words by hearing them. In class, they like to learn by having conversations. Now, concrete learners like to lean by playing games, by looking at pictures and videos in class, talking in pairs, and by listening to cassettes at home and school. Now, authority-oriented learners, on the other hand, like the teacher to explain everything. They like to write everything down in their notebook, and they like to have a textbook. They like to learn new words by seeing them. And finally, we have analytical learners. These learners like to learn by studying grammar. At home, they like to learn by studying English books, and they like to study by themselves. They like to find their own mistakes. Now, of course, it’s unusual for a person to be exclusively one “type” rather than another. Most of us are mixtures of styles. What type of learner do you think you are?Part II A3GCSE examinations students / higher educationstudent/ second year / high school / college general exam / School Certificatesitting University Entrance Examination bachelor’s degree: 3/ 4 yearsmaster’s degree: another year or two doctorate: a further 3-7 yearsWell, in Britain, from the ages of five to about eleven you start off at a primary school, and then from eleven to sixteen you go on to a secondary school or a comprehensive school and at sixteen you take GCSE examinations. After this, some children take vocational courses or even start work. Others stay on at school for another two years to take A levels. And at the age of eighteen, after A levels, they might finish their education or go on to a course of higher education at a college or university, and that’s usually for three years.Well, it depends on what state you’re in but most kids in the United States start school at about six when they go to elementary school and that goes from the first grade up to the sixth grade. Somekids go to a kindergarten the year before that. Then they go on to junior high school, that’s about eleven, and that’s the seventh, eighth and ninth grades. And then they go on to senior high school around age fourteen starting in the tenth grade and finishing in the twelfth grade usually. Some students will leave school at sixteen and they’ll start work, but most of them stay on to graduate from high school at age eighteen. In the first year at high school or college students are called “freshmen”, in the second they’re called “sophomores”, in the third year we call them “juniors”and in the fourth year they’re called “seniors”. Now a lot of high school graduates then go to college or university and they do a four-year first degree course. Some of them might go to junior college which is a two-year course.Well, in Australia, well most states anyway, children start their primary education at five after perhaps a brief time in kindergarten. They will stay at primary school until they’re about eleven, then they’ll either stay there or go to an intermediate school for a couple of years. Then they start high school usually twelve or thirteen, which you start in the third form. Now, after three years at high school you sit a general exam, some states call it School Certificate and that is a sort of general qualification and that if a sort of general qualification. After that you can leave school at sixteen or you can go on and sit your University Entrance Examination, which then gives you entrée into a university or it’s another useful qualification, and from then on you go to various sorts of higher education.Education in Canada is a provincial responsibility, but schools are administered by local school boards.Kindergarten is for children who are four or five years old. Children begin formal full-day schooling in Grade 1, when they are about six years old. They must stay in school at least until they are sixteen. However, most students continue to finish high school. Some go to college or university. Each year of schooling represents one grade. (The school year extends from the beginning of September to the end of June.) Elementary school includes kindergarten to about Grade 8. Secondary school (or high school) may start in Grade 8, 9, or 10 and it usually continues until Grade 12.In Canada, students may go to university or to a community college. If they want to learn skills for specific job, they attend college for one or four years to get a diploma or certificate. For example, lab technicians, child-care workers, and hotel managers go to college. Universities offer degree programs as well as training professions, such as law, medicine, and teaching.Universities offer three main levels of degrees. Students earn a bachelor’s degree after three or four years of study. A master’s degree can take another year or two. A doctorate may take a further three to seven years to complete.B1 Idioms / vocabulary / French / spelling / pronunciationB2 1. F 2. T 3. FI – Interviewer P – ProfessorI: And now we have an interview with Professor J. T. Lingo, Professor of Linguistics at Chimo University, who is here to talk to us about the growing business of teaching English. Good morning, professor Lingo.P: Good morning.I: I understand that teaching English is becoming “big business” all around the world.P: It seems that language schools are springing up everywhere.I: Why is that?P: With the move toward a global economy, English has become the most widely used language in the world. It is the language of business, aviation, science and international affairs and people find that they must learn English to compete in those fields.I: And do people find English an easy language to learn?P: Well, every language has something about it that other people find difficult to learn. English is such a hodgepodge of different languages – it’s essentially Germanic but a lot of its vocabulary comes from French, and technical words stem from Latin and Greek. This feature makes English fairly adaptable – which is a good thing for a world language – but it causes irregularity in spelling and pronunciation.I: English spelling baffles me, too.P: English also has the largest vocabulary. Often there are words for the same thing, one is Anglo-Saxon and one from the French – like “buy” which is Anglo-Saxon and “purchase” which is from the French. The French word often has more prestige.I: Anglo-Saxon?P: That’s the word for Old English. The Norman Conquest in 1066 brought the French language to Britain and helped English evolve into the English it is today.I: Is there anything else particularly difficult about English?P: Well, the idioms in informal English pose a problem for some students.I: Informal English?P: As with any language, there are different varieties: slang, colloquial. Formal, written, as well as the different dialects – British, American and Canadian English.I: And how is Canadian English different from American and British?P: Canadian English is closer to American in pronunciation and idiom. Some of our words and our spellings do reflect British usage, however. We wouldn’t use the British term “lorry” for truck, but we have kept the “o-u-r” spellings in words such as “honour” and “colour”.I: This has been very interesting. I’m afraid we’re out of time. It has been a pleasure talking to you.Part III University Life A1 I. Age / Foreign student population II. 15 hrs (+2 or 3 for lab) / Discussion group: 15-20 / much smaller / informal, friendly / 2-3 hrs: 1 hrToday I’d like to give you some idea about how life at an American university or college might be different from the way it is in your country. To be sure, the student body on a U. S. campus is a pretty diverse group of people. First of all, you will find students of all ages. Although most students start college at around the age of 18, you will see students in their 30s and 40s and even occasionally in their 60s and 70s. Students on a U.S. campus come from a wide variety of socioeconomic backgrounds. Many students work at least part-time, some of them work full-time. Many students live in dormitories on campus, some have their own apartments usually with other students, and others live at home. Some colleges and universities have a very diverse student population with many racial and ethnic minorities. Some schools have a fairly large foreign student population. So you can see that one meets all kinds of people on a U.S. college or university campus. Now that you have some general idea of differences in the student population, I’d like to talk a few minutes about what I think an average student is and then discuss with you what a typical class might be like.Let’s begin my talking about an average student entering his or her freshman year. Of course, such a person never really exists, but still it’s convenient to talk about an “average”student for ourpurposes. Foreign students are often surprised at how poorly prepared American students are when they enter a university. Actually, at very select schools the students are usually very well prepared, but at less selective schools, they may not be as well prepared as students in your country are. Schools in the States simply admit a lot more students than is usual in most other countries. Also, most young American university students have not traveled in other countries and are not very well-versed in international matters and do not know a lot about people from other countries. Foreign students usually find them friendly but not very well-informed about their countries or cultures.What kind of academic experiences will this so-called “average”student have? The average undergraduate student takes five classes a semester and is in class for 15 hours a week. If her or she takes a class that has a laboratory, this will require tow or three more hours. Many introductory undergraduate classes are given in large lectures of 100 or more students. However, many of these classes will have small discussion groups of 15 to 20 students that meet once a week. In these smaller groups, a teaching assistant will lead a discussion to help classify points in the lectures. Other kinds of classes – for example, language classes – will be much smaller so that students can practice language. In general, American professors are informal and friendly with their students, and, as much as possible, they expect and invite participation in the form of discussion. A large amount of reading and other work is often assigned to be done outside class, and students are expected to take full responsibility for completing these assignments and asking questions in class about those areas they don’t understand. As a rule of thumb, students spend two to three hours preparing for each hour they spend in class. American professors often encourage their students to visit them during office hours, especially if the students are having problems in the class.A2 II. Examinations / quizzesIII. Graduate school / Seminars / some area of interest / a research paperLet’s move on now to discuss student obligations in a typical American class. These obligations are usually set down in the course syllabus. A syllabus is generally handed out to students on the first or second class meeting. A good syllabus will give students a course outline that mentions all the topics to be covered in class. It will also contain all the assignments and the dates they should be completed by. An average university course of one semester might have three examinations or two examinations and a paper. The dates of the examinations and what the examinations will cover should be on the syllabus. If a paper id required, the date it is due should also be in the syllabus. The professor may also decide that he or she will be giving quizzes during the semester, either announced or unannounced. For students coming from a system where there is one examination in each subject at the end of the year, all this testing can be a little surprising at first. By the by, maybe this would be a good place for me to mention the issue of attendance. Another real difference in our system is out attendance policies. Perhaps you come from a system where attendance is optional. Generally speaking, American professors expect regular attendance and may even grade you down if you are absent a lot. All this information should be on your syllabus, along with the professor’s office number and office hours.I have only a couple of hours left, and I’d like to use them to talk about how graduate school is somewhat different from undergraduate school. Of course, it’s much more difficult to enter graduate school, and most students are highly qualified and high motivated. Students in graduate school are expected to do much more independent work than those in undergraduate schools, withregularly scheduled exams, etc. some classes will be conducted as seminars. In a seminar class, there may be no exams, but students are expected to read rather widely on topics and be prepared for thorough discussion of them in class. Another possibility in graduate classes is that in addition to readings done by all students, each student may also be expected to work independently in some area of interest and later make a presentation that summarizes what her or she has learned. Usually each student then goes on to write a paper on what he or she has researched to turn in to the professor for a grade.I hope that today’s lecture has given you some idea about student life on an American campus and that you have noticed some difference between our system and yours.B2 to make mistakes / every new thing / the language/ Working outside the classroomPassive / the teach / stick his neck out / more likely to be right than himselfHow would you describe a good student or a bad student, sort of things they do or don’t do in the classroom?He’s eager to experiment with every new thing that he learns, whether it be a structure of a function or a new word, he immediately starts trying to use it.He’s interested in the mistakes he makes, he’s not afraid to make them.He’s not simply interested in having it corrected and moving on?He plays with language.I’ve done this chapter I know this, without trying to experiment at all, without really testing himself.He’s usually passive, he won’t speak up much in the classroom. He’ll rarely ask you why this …Just sort of accepts what you give him and doesn’t do anything more with it.… and in a test he’s the one person who’s likely to suddenly realize that he wasn’t too sure about that after all.And peep over at his neighbor’s paper.An alternative learning strategy.He invariably decides that the other person is more likely to be right than himself. That’s the result of this sort of unwillingness to make mistakes and stick his neck out.That characterizes the good or bad learner?He’ll do more off his own bat as well, he won’t rely entirely on the teacher.He’ll work outside the classroom as well as in it.Students who make most progress are first of all those who experiment and secondly those who read books.Part IV University Campus A2. the History Department3. the Psychology Department4. the Library5. the Education Department6. the Philosophy Department7. the Geography Department8. the Sports Ground9. the Foreign Languages Department 10. the Chinese Department 11. the Physics Department 12. the Mathematics Department 13. the Chemistry Department 14. the Clinic 15. the Auditorium 16. the Administration BuildingLook at the map. At the bottom of the page, fine the gate (1). Now locate 16. It is between the river and the lake, close to the Main Road. The building behind the Administration is 15. Where is 4? It’s on the right-hand side of the Main Road, close to the river. Across the Main road from the Library, the building by the river is 5. The first building on the left-hand side of the Main Road is 7. 6 is between the Education and the Geography. The building at the end of the Main Road is 12.on its left is 11 and on its right, near the lake, is 13. Another building behind the like is 14. 10 is facing the lake, across the Main Road. The building between the Chinese Department and the river is 9. 2 is the first building on the right of the Main Road. Next to the History Department is 3. And last, 8 is behind the Education, Philosophy and Geography Departments.B Robert Martin / biology / next fall / six years in a public school in the hometown; two years in a military school, high school in the hometown / science (biology in particular), sportsSo I had to earn a little money to help pay my way.It sounds as if you’re a pretty responsible fellow. I see that you attended two grade schools.I don’t find a transcript among your papers.But it’s hard to keep up with both sports and studies.I’ll hold your application until we get the transcript.What did your guidance counselor tell you?He told me I had a real knack for scientific things. I have been fascinated with science since I was a child. An interest of that kind really signifies something.Unit 2 Colorful lands, colorful people16,998,000 / 64,186,300/ 840,000 / 1,000,000 / 3,320,000 / 143,244 / 32,483 / 2,966,000 / 5,105,700 / 29,028 / -1,312 / 5,315 / 36,198 / 4,145 /The biggest continent in the world is Asia. It covers 16,998,000 square miles.The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean with 64,186,300 square miles.Which is the biggest island? It’s Greenland. It occupies an area of 840,000 square miles.The Arabia Peninsula is the largest peninsula and has an area of 1, 000,000 square miles.Do you know which is the largest desert? Yes, it’s the Sahara Desert in North Africa. It covers 3,320,000 square miles.The biggest saltwater lake is the Caspian Sea, which is 143,244 square miles large.Lake Superior is the biggest fresh water lake and it covers a total area of 32,483 square miles. The smallest continent is Oceania, with an area of 2,966,000 square miles, and the smallest ocean is the Arctic Ocean with 5,105,700 square miles.You all know the world’s highest peak, don’t you? Mt. Qomolangma (or Mt. Everest) is 29,028 feet above sea level. In contrast, the lowest altitude in the world is the Dead Sea, 1,312 feet below sea level, or you can say -1,312 feet.The deepest lake is Baykal in Russia. The depth is 5,315 feet.Mariana Trench near the Philippines is the deepest oceanic trench, with a depth of 36, 198 feet. The longest river in the world is the Nile in Africa. It is 4, 145 miles long.B1,243,738,000 / 955,220,000 / 267,901,000 / 199,867,000 / 159,884,000 / 147,105,000 / 138,150,000 / 125,638,000 / 122,013,000 / 118,369,000 / 96,400,000 / 82,071,0001.The country with the largest population in the world is China. According to the 1997 census,the total population was 1,243,738,000.2.The second largest in population is India. It listed a population of 955,220,000 in 1997.3.And the third largest is the United States, with its estimated population of 267,901,000 in1997.4.Which country is the fourth largest in population? It’s Indonesia. About 199,867,000 peoplelive there.5.Brazil ranks the fifth in its population. There the population was 159,884,000.6.Next comes the Russian Federation, with a population of 147,105,000.7.The seventh in line is Pakistan, with an estimated population of 138,150,000.8.Japan is the country with the eighth largest population. Its population estimated in 1997reached 125,638,000.9.The next larges country in population is Bangladesh. The estimated population was122,013,000 in 1997.10.Nigeria in Africa ranks the tenth in its population. There are about 118,369,000 people livingthere.11.The eleventh? Mexico. According to statistics, its population was 96, 400, 000 in 1997.12.And last, the twelfth larges is Germany. Its 1997 census showed it had a population of82,071,000.CChinese 1,300 million / Spanish 332 million /English 322 million / 189 million / 182 million / 170 million / Russian 170 million / Japanese 125 million / German 98 million / 75.5 million / Korean 75 million / French 72 million / Vietnamese 67 million / 66 million / 64 million / 63 million / Turkish 59 million / 58 million / 44 million / Polish 44 million / Arabic 42.5 million / 41 millionDo you know which languages are spoken by more than 40 million people?Chinese has the largest number of speakers, more than 1,300 million. Next, Spanish is spoken by 332 million people. The next on the line is English, which has more than 322 million speakers. Number 4, Bengali is spoken by 189 million people. Next comes Hindi, the language spoken chiefly in India, which has 182 million speakers. Portuguese and Russian are next on the line and they are both spoken by 170 million people. Number 8, Japanese is spoken by 125 million. Next, German has 98 million speakers, while Javanese has 75.5 million. We have Korean on the list with 75 million, and it is followed by French, which is spoken by 72 million. Number 13, Vietnamese is spoken by 67 million and Telugu is spoken by 66 million. Next, we have Marathi on the list and it has 64 million speakers. Marathi is followed by Tamil, with 63 million speakers. Next comes Turkish, the language spoken in Turkey, and it has 59 million speakers. Number 18, Urdu is spoken by 58 million people. Gujarati has 44 million speakers, and Polish is also spoken by 44 million people. Number 21, which 42.5 million people speak, is Arabic and last, the number of people who speak Ukrainian is 41 million.Part II1. A baby boy2.social/ ecological/ populations3.longer/ healthierA baby boy born in Bosnia-Herzegovina overnight has officially been named the world’s six billionth inhabitant.Although several other babies are likely to have been born at the same time elsewhere in the world, the United Nations had declared that the first child to be delivered at the Kosovo Hospital in Sarajevo today would symbolize the passing of the mark.The U Secretary General is visiting the mother and her son as a UN attempt to draw attention to the social and ecological problems of rapidly expanding populationsThe boy who came into the world a short time ago in Bosnia to such international acclaim willbe sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year another eighty million will be joining him on the planet. The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years. The population growth has plenty of momentum. But birth control programs are beginning to have an impact. Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century the global count will level off at something under ten billion. The UN population agency has presented today’s achievement as a success for humanity, pointing out that people are living longer and healthier lives than any generation in the history.B b c aThe boy will be sharing a birthday with a few hundred thousand people and in the next year, another eighty million will be joining him on the planet.The earth’s population has doubled since 1960 and with more than a billion young people just entering their productive years.Demographers predict that by the middle of the new century, the global count will level off at something under ten billion.Part III Awater/ 70% red or brown/ plant cover snow/ continents islands arms of the ocean connecting a channel valleys plainsB 12 million / 2/ 10 million/ 10/ 3/ 6/ 4/16 million/ 18 million1. Mexico City2. Sao Paulo3. Rio de Janeiro4. Bombay5. Delhi6. Shanghia7. SeoulI-Interview E-ExpertI: In Britain we are often told that people are leaving the big cities to live in the countryside but is this the case worldwide?E: Not at all. If you look at the biggest cities in 1950, seven out of the top ten were in the developed countries but by the year 2000, the developing countries will have eight out of the top ten. New York, which in 1950 was number one with a population of around 12 million, will only be the sixth largest city in the world but with an extra 2 million.I: And London?E: London, which was number two, won’t even be in the top ten. Its population in 1950, by the way, was about 10 million.I: And why is this happening? Why are people moving to the big cities from the country in the developing countries?E: The reasons are complex but many are moving to look for work. And the problems this creates are enormous. It’s estimated that 26 million people will be living in Mexico City by the year 2000, with Sao Paulo in Brazil not far behind.I: I t’s difficult to believe.E: I know. Rio de Janeiro will have a population of a mere 13 million. Well, just imagine the kinds of difficulties this is going to cause in terms of health, transport and education.I: Yes. What about the cities of Asia? Will they be experiencing a similar sort of growth?E: In some cases, yes. Calcutta in India which was No. 10 in the league in 1950 is expected to be the fourth biggest city in the world with a population of 16 million- quadrupling its size in just 50 years. Bombay and Delhi too are expected to be in the top ten.I: What about Japan?E: Ah! Well, Tokyo was number three in 1950 and that’s where it’ll be at the beginning of the nextcentury, although its population will have trebled to about 18 million. Looking at the other major cities in Asia, Shanghai and Seoul will be in the top ten as well but, perhaps surprisingly, not Beijing or Hong Kong.I: Now, if we could turn our attention to home, what about the trend of people moving out of the cities…Part IV skills /the main idea/what/recognize/central / important/direction/ purpose/inform/compare/answer/stated/a topic sentence/ first/ details/ difficult/ persuade/ end/ implied/ hinted at/a wholeUnit 3 Traveling from Place to Place PartⅠABA912/11:20/17 BA877/11:20/14 BA292/11:25/19 TW695/11:30/16 4 EA831/11:35/24 BA838/9 IB290/11:35/15 LH039/11:40/9 BA666/11:40/18 AI141/6 BA560/22 Last call for British airways flight BA912 for Tokyo. BA912 for Tokyo due to depart at 11:20 boarding at gate 17.British airways flight BA877 to Boston. British airways flight BA877 to Boston duo to depart at 11:20 boarding now at gate 14.British airways flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi. Flight BA292 for Frankfurt, Athens and Karachi duo to depart at 11:25 now board at gate 19.TWA flight, TW695to New York. TWA flight TW695 to New York departing at 11:30 boarding at gate 16.B Tea, soft drinks, coffee, Egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and chips, roast chicken, cheeseburgersTape script:Chief Steward: may I have your attention please, ladies and gentlemen? This is the chief steward speaking. We would like to inform all passengers that the buffet car is now open. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. On sale are tea, coffee and soft drinks, a selection of fresh and toasted sandwiches including egg and tomato, ham and tomato, egg and cress, roast chicken and toasted cheese; cheeseburgers, beef burgers and sausages and a licensed bar. The buffet car is situated towards the middle of the train. Thank you.PartⅡ9:15/10:30 10:30/13:30Quick/beautiful view /frequent service (hourly)/modern/comfortable/lovely view from dining car Have to get Gatwick airport/ expensive quite crowded/quite expensiveA-Annabel C-Charles D-DouglasD: Ah! That’s much better!C: Ah! That’s yours, I think…er…Doug.D: Thank you very much, Charles.C: Right. You have a good journey then, Douglas?D: Yes I did, I did. I must say the plane was marvelous, marvelous.C: Very quick, then?D: Er…the plane journey was terrifically quick…er…I mean, you…er…what…you met me about 9…er…what…er…10…10:45.C: About 10:30.。

Step_by_step_3000_第二册_U5 Creative Minds答案与原文-推荐下载

Unit 5 Creative MindsPart I-AGasoline automobile, German, engineer, 1885Barometer, Italian, physicist & mathematician, 1643Polaroid camera, America, inventor & industrialist, 1947Pendulum clock, Dutch, mathematician & physicistDiesel engine, German, engineer, 1892Dynamite, Swedish, chemist, 1866Kaleidoscope, British, physicist & natural philosopher, 1817Piano, Italian, harpsichord maker, 1709Sewing machine, American, inventor, 1846Typewriter, American, inventor, 1867Tapescript:1. The gasoline automobile was invented by Gottlieb Daimler, the German engineer, in 1885 His construction of the first high-speed internal-combustion engine led to the development of the automobile industry.2. The barometer, the instrument for measuring atmospheric pressure, was invented by Evangelista Torricelli, the Italian physicist and mathematician, in 1643.3. The polarod camera, which takes and prints photos in one step, was invented in 1947 by the American inventor and industrialist Edwin Herbert Land.4. The pendulum clock was invented by the Dutch mathematician and physicist Christiaan Huygens in 1657.5. The diesel engine, which is heavier and more powerful than the gasoline engine and which burns fuel of oil instead of gasoline, was named after its inventor Rudolph Diesel, the German engineer in 1892.6. Dynamite, the improved explosives with great safety, was invented in 1866 by the Swedish chemist Alfred Bernhard Nobel. He established a fund to provide annual awards called Nobel Prizes, in the sciences, literature, and the promotion of international peace.7. He kaleidoscope was invented in 1817 by Sir David Brewster, the Scottish physicist and natural philosoper.8. The piano, a key-board musical instrument, was invented in 1709 by the Italian harpsichord maker, Bartolomeo Cristofori.9. The sewing machine, which greatly revolutionized clothes-making, was invented by Elias Howe, an American inventor in 1846.10. The typewriter, its first practical commercial model, was invented in 1867 by the American inventor Christopher Sholes and was manufactured by the American gunsmith Philo Reminton 1874.Part I – B1- a 2- d 3- e 4- i 5- f6-j 7-g 8-bTape scriptA. People in England made the first computer. It was built in 1943. It was made to help England understand secret messages during World War II.B. Someone in Australia invented the fax machine. After the fax machine was invented, it first became popular in East Asia.C. Folding fans came from Japan. They were invented in Japan almost 800 years ago.D. The first car came from Germany. It was invented by Karl Benz in 1885. Benz is still famous. His name is on the Mercedes-Benz car.E. A man in Canada invented the chocolate bar. He lived in Nova Scotia- in the eastern part of Canada. He invented the chocolate bar in 1800s.F. The first really accurate calendar was invented in Mexico. This calendar was made about 1,500 years ago. That's when people learned that the year was 365 days long.G. The first mechanical clock was invented in China. It was invented in the year 725-over1,250 years ago.H. People think Africans created the first puppets. Actually, no one is sure, but puppets were probably created to help tell stories.Part I – Cpaper clips -1901post-its -1980celluar phone -1973automatic washing machines -1930sdisposable diapers -1961zippers -1913Band-Aids -1921soft contact lenses -1961Tape script1. The design of paper clips is perfect. There's been little improvement since Norwegian Johan Vaaler got his American patent in 1901. Only about 20% are actually used to clip papers.2. Post-it is one of the top five best-selling office suppliers. To make Post-its, introduced in 1980, 3M had to develop the adhesive, primer, back-side coating and new manufacturing equipment.3. The first cellular phone was developed in 1973 by Martin Cooper at Motorola, anda test of 1,000 such phones followed in Chicago. The Federal Communication Commission authorized cellular service in 1982, and we haven't shut up since. More than a third of all households in the U.S subscribe.4. Among those credited with making electric washing machines was Alva J. Fisher. The machines used wringers to remove water from clothes. Truly automatic machines appeared in the 1930s. An early ad for a GE washer read, "If every father did thefamily washing next Monday, there would be an electric washing machine in every home by Saturday night. "5. Oh, baby, what a convenience1 Procter & Bamble's Pampers, born in 1961, were first used only for special occasions. Now the 95% of American parents who buy disposable diapers will spend up to $2,100 a child to avoid washing diapers.6. Zippers were invented in 1913 by Swedish immigrant Gideon Sundback at Universal Fastener Co. in Pennsylvania. B.F. Goodrich first used the word to refer to a fastener on a pair of its galoshes; it as not used in clothes until 1930s. By 1941 zippers beat the pants off buttons in the Battle of the Fly.7. Johnson&Johnson sold $3,000 worth of handmade Band-Aids in 1921, the year it introduced them. A company cotton buyer, Earle Dickson, had created them at home for his accident-prone wife. He then convinced his boss that the strips had merit.8. Otto Wichterle, a Czech scientist, created the first soft contact lens in 1961. Bausch & Lomb bought the right s to his process for a reported $3 million in 1966. Part II - A1395, type, movable typePoland, astronomy, the sun, its center once1564, telescope, circlingEngland, moves1642, calculus, light and color, gravitation.Part II- B1. Printing / faster / easier2. Earth / center of universe/ no move3. Cut open dead animals and humans4. Blood to body/ arteries; blood to heart / veins5. The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy / in 1687Tape ScriptToday, we tell about the discoveries of ten important scientists of the past 1,000 years.The earliest of these important scientists was Johannes Gutenberg. He lived in Germany from about 1395 until about 1468. Johannes Gutenberg invented the type mould and the first successful system of movable type used in Europe. This made printing books faster and easier. Johannes and others used his invention to produce books in the City of Mainz during the 1400s. The system he invented remained unchanged for 350 years.Nicolaus Copernicus was another important scientist. He is considered the founder of the modern science of astronomy, the study of the planets and stars in the universe. Nicoluas Copernicus was born in Poland in 1473. At that time, most scientists accepted the idea that the earth was at the center of the universe and did not move.The Greek astronomer Ptolemy had developed this idea more than 1,000 years earlier. Ptolemy also said that all the other objects in space moved around the earth. Copernicus believed that every planet, including the earth, moved around the sun. He also believed these theories in 1543. These theories were not accepted in his lifetime. But by the early 1600s, other scientists began to develop the method that would prove Copernicus correct.One of these scientists was Galileo Galilei. He was born in Italy in 1564. Galileo was the first to use the telescope to discover new information about the planet and stars. He decided that the theory hat all planets circled the sun was correct. The Roman Catholic Church condemned Galileo for saying Copernicus was right. For centuries, the Church had taught that the sun, the planets and the stars moved around the earth. Three hundred and fifty passed before the Roman Catholic Church admitted officially that it was wrong and withdrew its condemnation of Galileo.Our fourth scientist of the millennium is William Harvey. He was born in England in 1578. He discovered how blood moves in animals and people. Dr Harvey described this in 1628 in the book An Anatomical Study of the Motion of the Heart and of the Blood in Animals, This work was the start of all modern research on the hart and blood vessels. Dr Harvey based his discoveries on observations and by cutting open dead animals and humans. Dr Harvey's experiments showed that the heart forces blood through the arteries to the body. He showed that the blood returns to the heart through the veins. His idea conflicted with the widely accepted ideas of the time. It has been called one of the most important medical discoveries of the millennium. Isaac Newton was another influential scientists of the past 1,000 year. Many experts say he was the most important scientist of them all. He was born in England in 1642. Isaas Newton invented a new kind of mathematics called calculus. He discovered the secrets of light and color and his theory of gravitation showed how the universe is held together. Isaac Newton published his discoveries on the laws of motion and the theory of gravitation in 1687 in his book The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. It was the first book to describe a unified system of scientific rules explaining what happens on earth and in the universe. It is considered one of the greatest works in the history of science.Part III - A1809, evolutionFrance, a. Pasteurization, b. Germ, c.vaccination, disease1847, a.motion, b. recording, c. electric light, d. Telephone, e. Machine, electricity, f.motorsAustria, a. Dreams, unconscious self, b. Modern psychiatry. C.sexual development 1879, relativity, E=mc2Part III - BT. 1. Charles Darwin thought that all living things developed from simple organisms.F. 2. Darwins's ideas were strongly opposed by many religious people in the past. Butnow people are all in favor of them.T. 3. Louis Pasteur believed that it is tiny organisms that spread more diseasesF. 4. Thomas Edison considered the motion pictures his most important invention. T. 5. Albert Einstein's most famous theory is about time, space, mass, movement and gravity.T. 6. Albert Einstein's most famous theory led to the discovery of atomic energy. Tape scriptCharles Darwin was another important scientist of the past 1,000 years. He was born in England in 1809. In 1859, he published a book called On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. He explained his ideas that all living things developed from simple organisms. He said these organisms changed during millions of years to produce different kinds of plants and animals, including humans. This is known as the theory of evolution. Charles Darwin's studies showed that some animals and plants have natural abilities that help them survive. They pass these abilities to their young when they reproduce. Other plants and animals that are less able to survive and reproduce may disappear. Charles Darwin's theories provided new ideas about the developments of living things. However, they shocked many religious people. Many people today still strongly oppose the theory of evolution because it conflicts with their religious beliefs.Our next important scientist of the past 1,000 years is Louis Pasteur. His discoveries saved many lives. Louis Pasteur was born in 1822 in France. He became a professor of chemistry. He discovered that heat could kill harmful microorganism. Soon this Pasteurization method was used to keep many foods and drinks safe. He also helped us establish the germ theory when he recognized that most diseases are spread by tiny organisms that reproduce in the body. Louis Pasteur also proved that an animal can develop a resistance to a harmful organism if the organism is weekend in a laboratory and injected into the animal's body. He called this method of preventing disease vaccination. He developed vaccines to prevent deadly diseases in animals and people.The inventor Thomas Edison was another influential scientist. He was born in the United States in 1847. His work made possible the progress of technology in the 20th century. Almost everyone has been affected by the inventions of Thomas Edison. These include the motion pictures, sound recording, and electric light. They are only three of the many devices Thomas Edison invented or helped to improve. H e also invented devices to improve the telephone. He improved machines that produced electricity. And he worked on many electric motors, including those for trains. Thomas Edison once said the electric light was the most difficult to develop. He also called it his most important invention.Our next scientist of the millennium is the Austrian doctor Sigmund Freud. He changed scientific ideas about the mind. Dr Freud was born in 1856 in Moravia. He established the idea that dreams help us understand our unconscious self. He said this is the part of the mind containing wishes, desires, or bad experiences too frightening to recognize. Sigmund Freud's work on the causes and treatment of mental sickness helped to form the ideas of modern psychiatry. His ideas about sexual developmentled to the discussion and treatment of sexual problems. Many of Sigmund Freud's ideas are no longer used today, but no one disputes his great influence on the science of mental health.Our final scientist of the past 1,000 years is Albert Einstein. He changed the way we understand the universe. The great scientist was born in Germany in 1879. In 1905, Albert Einstein published one of the most important scientific documents in history. It explained his special theory of relativity. This theory is about the ideas we use to describe natural events. It is about time, space, mass, movement and gravity. Albert Einstein is perhaps best known for his mathematical statement E=MC2 or energy equals mass times the speed of light squared. This statement explained that a great amount of energy could come from a small piece of matter. It explained how the sun could give off heat and light for millions of years. It also led to the discovery of atomic energy. Albert Einstein's theories, like those of the other great scientists of the millennium changed our world.Part IVControl, sort, on the page, working out, a whole section, fail,in a position, repeat,Vocabulary, stop, its context, barrier, miss, lost,Determination, go, rephrase, a half-missed point, the gap, purpose, key words, main points,ahead of, incompleteness。

Stepbystep-3000第二册Unit2原文及答案

Step by step-3000第二册Unit2原文及答案Unit 2 Shaping and reshaping personalityPart I-A1~ h, 2-d, 3-j, 4-k, 5-b, 6-i,7-g, 8-e, 9~1, 10-f, 11-c, 12-&Tape script:1・ Taurus April 21一May12, is represented by a bull. 2・ Virgo is represented by a young woman.3. Capricorn ........... by a goat・4・ Pisces ................ by two fish・3. Aquarius ............. by the water-bearer・6・ Leo ..................... by a lion7.Cancer ................. by a crab8.Aries ..................... by a ram9.Gemini ................. by twins10.Sagitarus .............. by a centaur shooing an arrow 11.Scorpio .................. by a scorption12. Libra .................... by a pair of measuring scales.Part I - BVery, not very, extremely, sort of, veryTape script:W: Hey, Kevin. Help me fill out this personality survey・ It'11 be fun.M: Oh, I don" t know.・.W: Oh, come on.・・ Ok, here's the first one一一what should I put for〃・aggressive rM：Oh, I.... I* d say "very".W: Very? Really?M: Yeah, sure・ Look at the way you drive!W: Well, Ok, so r m a very aggressive driver・・・ But・・ You have to drive like that in thiscity, or you' re gonna be hit, because・・・・M:Uh,・・・ What's the next one?W: "Selfish".M:Oh, not at all.W: Really? Well... Maybe just aare, right? Just a littlebit? You know, I mean, I try to I do just think ofmyself, I guess・M: Ok, Ok, so put "not very."W: OK.M: But you can put "'extremely " "kind"?M: Yes・ Don't you think you are Ok, if you say so. Oh, look t this little・・・ I mean, a lot of people think of other people, but sometimesfor the next one・ W: What? Oh,an extremely kind person? W: I am? next one・W: Yeah.M: Hmm.・・ I don't know. Sometimes you can be really patient, but othertimes you are not patient at all. Like remember that time in line at the supermarket when you got・・・ W: Ok, ok, I get your point・ I'll put "sort of"/.M: Ok, that, s right・W: Next one…"jealous"•… I guess I am sort of jealous・・・M: Sort of? r d put "very". Remember how angry you got when my exgirlfriend called the other day? I remember you are gonna raise the roof・・・W： All right, all right, " Very".Part I- CAmbitious and proudHelpful and honestSelfish and unreliableTape script:GeorgeW: So what are you going to do after you graduates, George?G: r m going to start my own business・W: Oh, really? What type of business?G: Well, I haven't decided yet, but I know V 11 be successful in anything I do. In fact, I am going to be one of the top business people in town in less than five years・ Just wait and see! I have everything it takes ——I am smart, I canorganize people・ And I am full of ideas that can make money.KarenK： Hey! Look at this wallet on the sidewalk・ Wow! There" s lot of money in it.・・ But no identification. Mmm.・・ I wonder how I can find the owner? Iguess I will take it to the police station and see if anyone has reported a lost wallet・PamM: What are you doing tonight, Pam?P： Well, I was supposed to meet Bill after work for a movie, but I don't feel like going・ I think I will go shopping instead・M： Won，t Bill get mad?P: Oh, I am sure he can find something else to do.M:0h?P: Besides, I really need some new clothes・ I haven't bought any for nearly a month! M:Huh!Part IIYoung boys1・ Measure the boys' abilities and how they felt about their own abilities;2. Three groups--those with high self-esteem/middle self- esteem/low self-esteem3. In all situation--at home/ at work/ in school/ with friends1・ Active/able to express ideas/successful in school and in relations with other people/creative/led in discussions/interested in world problems/seldom tired or sick 2・ Like the boys with high self-esteem/express ideas freely/saw the world as a good and happy place/ not sure of their own value3. Sad most time/ afraid to start activities/ felt no love/ couldn, t express ideas/ afraid of anger/no talk in discussiona. closenessb・ good behavior b・ almost anythingc. definite, strict, kind and thoughtful c. no definited・ rewards d・ harsh punishmente・ democratic, respectedf・ importance, taken away f・ didn, t love themTape script:Scientists have learned a great deal about the parts of brain and their functions・ They have also studied the development of the personality, for example, how a baby learns to love・ In recent studies at two universities in the United States, scientists have investigated the development of self-esteem.Self-esteem is the respect a person has for himself, his belief in his ability and in the value of what he does・ The scientists studied self-esteem in young boys・ They gave them many tests・ These test measured the boys' abilities and also how they felt about their own abilities・ After the tests, the boys were divided into three groups一一those with high-esteem, those with middle-esteem and those with love self-esteem. The scientist continued to study the boys in all situations.They studied them at home, at work, in school, and with their friends.From their studies, the scientists made some observations・ Boys with highself-esteem were active・ They were able to express their ideas・ They were successful in school and in their relations with other people・ In discussions, they led・ They didn't just listen. They were interested in world problems・ They were creative and believed that they could finish whatever they started・ They seldom became tired or sick・ In many ways, the boys with middle self-esteem were like the boys with high self-esteem. They too expressed their ideas freely and saw the world as a good and happy place・ However, they were not sure of their own value as people・ They did their best work when they were sure that other people liked them・ The boys with low self-esteem were different from the other two groups・ They were sad most of them time・ They were afraid to start activities・They felt that no one loved them・ They could not express their ideas・ They were afraid of anger・ In a discussion, they listened, but they didn't talk・The scientists asked, "How do some boys develop high self- esteem?，z :"What is different in their lives?" Some of the answers were surprising・ High self-esteem didnot depend upon physical appearance, or money, or size of family. It did not depend upon how much the mother was at home・ The scientists found that there was a closeness between the boys with high self-esteem and their parents・ Their parents showed real interest in them, and spend time with time ・ They listened to their sons and gave them help when the boys asked for it. They knew their sons' friends・ The son knew that they were important to their parents・ These parents demanded good behavior・ They mad definite rules・ They were strict, but not harsh ・ They corrected their sons' behavior by rewards, not by punishment・ They never took away their love・ On the other hand, the parents of boys with low self-esteemlet their sons do almost anything・ If a boy made a mistake, the parents punished him harshly. They boys believed that their parents didn't love them・ There were no definite rules・ The family life of the boys with high self-esteem was democratic・ The parents made rules, but they led in a kind and thoughtful way. They showed respect for their children，s ideas, even when they did not agree with them. They let the boys give their opinions in discussions of family plans・ These boys were productive citizens・ Now these scientists are studying other groups of children. They want to learn how to help children with low self-esteem feel better about themselves・ In this way, these children can become productive citizens too.Part III- ASad, temporary, long, suffer from mental,Anyone, ten , developing,80 percent, drugs, effective, carefullyWithout, activity, minor, walking, 30, four, improve, physical, traditional, hour, talking, doctors, Discussion, ways, problemsEducation, understand・Part III 一BlJoyous, warm, lovingManifest anger vent anger on somebodyDump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger・ T ve quite a long tether when it comes to anger, which doesn't mean, I really don, t believe I'm suppressing any anger atall, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if T m buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won, t get angry with him but r 11 get very sarcastic with him and try to make very very clever remarks ・ And that for me severs its purpose・ I do feel cleansed after a situation like that・ Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if T m taken that far・ But I certainly don t suppress any anger・Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights・ I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine・ r m a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, Tm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that5 s how I work・ And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here・ If T m looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out・ I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying・ I believe in dumping it.Part III - BlPunch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A: Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of theirboss・ And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag・ And they go back to work and they feel great・B： Oh, God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh・ C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it. I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being・Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice・。

stepbystep3000第三册unit4答案及原文

stepbystep3000第三册unit4答案及原文英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 4 World News: Up in SpacePart I Warming upA1. To Mars / March of next year.2. Because of a mechanical problem.3. 5 males and 2 females.4. NASA / At the end of September, 83 days after landing.5. To return home at the Kennedy Space Center after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope.BMir Facts15 yearsthe Soviet Union, now Russia$ 4.2 billion (for building and maintaining)10 years (1986 — 1996)135 tons9,900 cubic feet63 feet wide and 85 feet long104 cosmonauts, astronauts46438 days747 days, threeMar. 23rd,Part II News reportsASummary :… the smallest and most earth-like extra solar planet.Answers to questions:1.About a dozen.2.Five times the mass of the earth.3.A red dwarf.4.Two.5. One is similar to Neptune and the other is 8 times the mass of the earth. BEvent : NASA’s 12-year program of MarsStarting time: 1996Finishing time: 2008First installment:Names of spacecrafts: the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter / the Pathfinder LanderArrival time: 1997Mission: To collect and analyze rocksSecond installment:Names of spacecrafts: the Polar Lander / the Mars Climate Orbiter ? Launch time:DecemberArrival time: Next DecemberMission:a.To inspect for subsurface waterb.To measure the distribution of water vapor, dust and condensates Grand finale:Launch time: 2005Return time: 2008Mission: To return soil and rock samples to Earth.Part III Returning to the MoonSummary:… UK’s possible collaboration with China on the Chang’e program. Answers to the questions:1. Four phases2. a. robotic spacecraftb. to return astronauts to the moonc. to set up a permanent space station3. Building of scientific instruments by UK4. Five days5. Thirteen days。

Stepbystep-3000第二册Unit2原文及答案

step-by-step unit 3第三册教学内容

HK$ 2,670
London gold:
US $ 289
Tapescripts: 5. Consumer electronics maker Philips Electronics reported a lower than expected profit for last year. The company made about $2.4 billion, more than $300 million below estimates. Oil company Royal Dutch Shell posted its earnings. It made roughly a $3.6 billion profit for its fourth quarter. That was essentially in line with Street expectations. Electronic Data Systems also reported its fourth quarter numbers last night. It posted a 70-cent profit per share, two cents better than expectations.
income tax rates? The United States House of Representatives.
Tapescripts:
4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its 85,000-strong work force by 5,000.

stepbystep3000第二册-unit3-答案

Unit 2 All can succeedPart I-A1.in your imaginationthink into the future, possibilities, a positive way, the starting point2.expect to win fulfill the vision3.opportunityrecognize, grab, a risk takerPart I - Banizational skills2.results oriented3.open-minded4.in the decision process5.parental and citizen6.innovation and excellence7.the develpment8.Cooperation9.students needs10.ideas and plans11.high quality performance12.directly and clearly13.continuous professional development14.their background or position15.a consensus builder16.leardship skills17.your bond, trustworthy18.the position19.personal integrity20.work well with othersPart I- CEscaped poverty, master's degree, worst slums, overwhelming odds, English universityProspectus leaflet, discarded, set his heart, violent, crime-ridden, 13, principal breadwinner, drugs, beaten, attacked, came close, overdose, gaining a place, a visa, had doubts, genuine student, be rewardedPart II - AA1 mum, physical her back bringing up 3 childrendisabilities, physical difficulty of arthritis, holda headmistressenergy, self-publicistTape script:Speaker 1I think my mum's very successful because she's managed to bring up three children - excellently - in such a horrible society that welive in today. She's taught us to be kind and loving, she taught us toshare, she taught us to love our family - be very family-oriented- and I think that's really important.Speaker 2The person that I can think of within my life, well, I probably can think of several but the one that instantly came to mind when youpopped this question to me was somebody who lives in Harpenden and who has overcome physical difficulty of arthritis remarkably well, and not allowed it to hold her back any more than is obviously necessary because of her physical disabilities. So I think she's made a very good - a great success of overcoming a difficulty.Speaker 3I think, Mable Davies, here who's very successful. She's a deaf lady who's now the headmistress and I think that must have been hard, so I've got a lot of respect for her, because my parents are also deaf so I know how difficult it is to work your way up having a handicap, so I've got quite a lot admiration to her.Speaker 4I think in professional terms Kenneth Branagh, the actor, has been very successful and I think the reason for this more than anything else is that he's a very good self-publicist. Heis undoubtedly a very good actor. I've not seen him on stage, I've seen him on film and he's got an enormous amount of energy and as I say, he's a very good self-publicist.A2Statements:1. According to the first speaker, the most important thing that mumtaught her children is to love the family.2. When the second speaker was interviewed, the successful person that immediately came to her mind was the one with arthritis.3. The third speaker has a lot of respect for Mable Davies because she herself is a deaf.4. The fourth speaker thinks that the actor has got an enormous amount of energy as he saw him on stage and on film.an actor A2F T F Fsubordinate positions, serious responsibility, sweeping out, salutary branch, future partner, tryhis hand, sweepersobtain employment, aim high, rest content, thoughts, concerns, at the top prime condition, energy, thought, captital, on that line, the most scattered their captial, brains, all wrong, watch that basket, take notice, fail, breaks, on his head, apt to tumble, lack ofconcentrationPart II B2Part III - B1Joyous, warm, lovingvent anger on somebody Dump angerTape scriptSpeaker 1I actually very rarely get anger. I've quite a long tether whenit comesto anger, which doesn't mean, I really don't believe I'm suppressing any anger at all, but it manifest itself in a very sarcastic way with me. Like if for example, if I'm buying a railway ticket or something and the guy behind the counter is very surly and you now refuses to treat me like a human being, I won't get angry with him but I'll get very sarcastic with him and try to makevery very clever remarks. And that for me severs its purpose. I do feel cleansed after a situation like that. Of course I do sometimes, if it's absolutely necessary I do get very angry, if I'm taken that far. But I certainly don't suppress any anger.Speaker 2Well, my anger is tied up with my sleepless nights. I mean, if I don not sleep well, I wake up in the morning, I am angry. I use any excuse to vent my anger on anybody. If I sleep well, then everything is fine. I'm a joyous, warm, loving person. Sleepless nights, I'm full of anger and my anger does not ebb away unless I use a thing or somebody to vent it upon. As weak as that may sound, that's how I work. And it's terrible sort of admission to make to everybody here. If I'm looking for excuses for having woken up in a particularly bad way, in a way, anger is something that I have to get out. I do not carry it around by weeping, and like crying. I believe in dumping it.threshold, broom, Manifest angerPunch bags with pictures of their bossLaughing at it.Tape script:A:Apparently, I don't know if this is true, but in Japan, if factory workers get a bit uptight or angry, they can go out into the gym or something which is usually attached to the factory and there are punch bags with pictures of their boss. And they can go and they can spend twenty minutes punching hell out of this punch bag. And they go back to work and they feel great.B:Oh,God yes, well, that brings us on to laughing then. That made me laugh.C:Well that's one way of dealing with anger as well, I suppose, if you can actually remove yourself from the situation and just laugh at it.I think laughter is one of the most wonderful releases, and I think that it's actually been proved that you know that chemical that is released when you laugh is life-enhancing and life elongating too, you know. It promotes a healthy, a healthier being.Part IVClassifying and organizing ideasAbility, the facts or ideas, are related to one anotherRoman, Arabic, letters, standard form, decreasing importance, capital letters, small letters,To the left, to the right, equal, the same distance, easy to see, the ideas before and after it.No punctuationOutlining, practice.。

最新Step-by-step-3000-第二册-U4-Getting-Ready-for-the-Future-Career答案与原文

Unit 4 Getting ready for the future career Part I-A1. cook,Experience, work on weekends,Call 23597392. English and math teachersA bachelor’s degreeTeaching certificate3. Marking Communication SupervisorBusiness AdministrationPC and presentation354, 164934. Area Sales ManagerCareers and extensiveHardworking and initiated quick learnerChallengingMobile, travel extensivelyExpected salary, recent photo, 385, NY158355. BuyerA competitive salary and a benefits packageCareer developmentBusiness or engineering2-3 years’Good command of EnglishCommunication and interpersonalWork in teamsContact phone number and a copy of diploma to 962 West Avenue, Syracuse, NY 186406. AccountantAccounting or auditingStrong computer skills3 years’, trading companiesEducation certificate, ID card copy and photo to 404, South 7th Street, NYC Tapescript:1.Cook need immediately in a busy downtown restaurant! You must be good anddependable. Experience is preferred and work on weekend is required. If you are interested, please call 2359739.2.A small private school needs English and math teachers. Applicants must have abachelor’s degree and teaching certificate. Interested people please send yourresume to Wales Charter School, 19 Snow Road, NYC.3.As the world leader in imaging business from photographic to commercial toelectronic imaging, we invite application from qualified persons for the position of Marketing Communication Supervisor. Candidates must have bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and good PC and presentation skill. Please apply by sending your resume to MTP, P.O. Box 354, Syracuse, NY 16493.4.If you are a dynamic, hardworking and initiated quick learner interested in workingin a challenging environment, if you are mobile and able to travel extensively, please join our Truck Tire and Passenger Car Tire Teams and be the Area Sales Manager. Professional careers and extensive training are provided to you. Are you the right one for us? Send your detailed resume with your expected salary and recent photo to: Martin’s Apparel, 385 Rockledge Street, Syracuse, NY15835.5.We are among the top 50 industrial companies worldwide with an annual turnoverin excess of US$40 billion. We provide for our employees not only a competitive salary and a benefits package, but also excellent career development opportunities.We are now seeking qualified people to fill the position of Buyer. Candidates’qualifications include: a bachelor’s degree in business or engineering, 2-3 years’relevant working experience, good command of English, good communication and interpersonal skills and the ability to work in teams. Those who are interested please send your resume, a recent photo, contact phone number and a copy of your diploma to 962 West Avenue, Syracuse, NY186406.we, one of the world’s largest food manufacturers, have the position of Accountantavailable. Applicants must have a university degree in accounting or auditing, strong computer skills and a minimum of 3 years’experience with trading companies. If you believe that you have the experience and talent to develop and grow with one of the world’s leading food companies, please send your resume, education certificate, ID card copy and photo to 404, South 7th Street, NYC.Part I – BWeb designer, the hottest jobs, six1. Tissue engineersSkin, on the market, growing organs in test tubes2. Genetic programmersDefects, smart, certain cancers3. farmersCrops and livestock, proteins, vaccine-carrying , cows, sheep and goats.4. food monitorsfast-growing fish and freeze-resistant fruits5. Hot-line handymanReprogramming, power up, giving abuse, home electronics, video phone6. Narrow castersPersonalized, media and advertisers, tastes and smells.Part I – CAndrew Sue934kgLansing, Michiganthe National Bicycle Leaguethe American Bicycle Association’sBMXWorld125donating, Special OlympicsTape script…tell you about a 9-year-old boy. He is a bicycle motocross racer, and his name is Andrew Sue. He rides under Number One on the track, and he lives in Lansing, Michigan. He’s also Number One in other ways. He weighs about 34 kilograms. The boy is a two-time BMX, that’s Bicycle Motor Cross, national champion, and he’s also a two-time world champion. He’s right Number One for his age in the National Bicycle League and Number One in the American Bicycle Association’s Michigan II District. And he’s been a bicycle motocross racer since he was five years old. Andrew has collected more than 126 trophies for his feats on the track. His awesome display of hardware has not set around collecting dust, however. He donated many of the trophies, the hardware, to the Michigan Special Olympics. I don’t know if you are familiar with that. Now Special Olympics on television and he decided that he had so many trophies that he ought to give them some. And he talked it over with his parents that he ought to give them some. And he talked it over with his parents and they too thought it was a good idea. His father Tom Sue says that they were sort of running out of room in the house. After seeing the crippled children on television, they knew they had found a worthwhile purpose for the trophies. And Andrew’s unselfish gesture has brought praise from Michigan State Representative and Speaker of the House, Bobby Crimm. He wrote a letter and said, “ Your Mom and Dad must be very proud of you, Andy. You are truly an extraordinary young man.”And Andrew’s parents are obviously quite proud of what their son has done both on the track as a bicycle motocross Number One winner and also by giving the trophies to handicaps, participants in the Special Olympics. He knows that those trophies will bring other people great joy too.Part II- Bb, a, b, aPart II- CF T F F F T FPart II- D1.hiring painters2.doing advertising3.providing equipment4.taking care of payroll5.writing contract6.doing final inspection with customerTape scriptNineteen-year old Mark Laratonda is a local college student. He is getting useful business experience this summer at home in Pennsylvania. Mark and other students are spending their summer working for a company called Student Painters. Student Painters is based in Toronto. It operates in 28 states in the United States and in 5 Canadian provinces.All of the mangers and painters at Student Painters are full-time college students. They are earning money for tuition and expenses for the next school year.Student Painters was founded in 1980. Its goal is give students a chance to experience the real business world. I aratonda is a manager for Student Painters. He is also a business marketing major at Indiana University. He says, "Working at Student Painters is a great experience for me. I am learning a lot about how business operate."Laratonda heard about Student Painters last year at his university. "I filled out an application and they called me for an interview. After the interview, they called me again and offered me a job", Laratonda said. He eagerly accepted the opportunity. He said, "It's a great chance to get experience in the business world. I get to work in many different places and I get to work outside. There a lot of responsibilities. But there are a lot of rewards. It looks good on your resume, too."In order to become a manager, Laratonda was trained by company instructors. As a manager, he must do many things. For example, he is responsible for hiring the painters. He also does the advertising. Mar must provide equipment such as ladders, paint, and brushes for the painters. He takes care of the payroll ad writes the contracts. It is also his responsibility to do the final inspection of each project with the customer. Laratonda supervises two groups of painters. Each group has three painters. The painters usually work eight hours a day. "The people I hired are very responsible. They work hard and get the job done. " Laratonda says.His painters have completed 15 projects since May. They have about $40,000 worth of painting jobs to do this this summer.Statements:1.Student Painters is based in New York.2.Student Painters was founded in 1980.3.Student Painters operates in 50 states in the United States and in 5 Canadian provinces.4.Mark Laratonda supervises three groups of painters.ratonda's painters have completed 15 jobs since July.pany instructors trained Laratonda to become a manager.7.Mark Laratonda is an engineering major at Indian University.Part III-AQuestion 1: 15 to 20 yearsQuestion 2: my abilities and aptitudes, as well as my interests and aimsQuestion 3: find success and satisfactionQuestion 4: the immediate advantages, the long-term prospectsQuestion 5: my guidance counsellor, my parents, my teachers and my headmaster. Question 6: Have I made a real study of jobs?Question 7: regard, a means of getting money, my future happiness and contentment, combination.Part III-B1.Affect/ future course of life/ determine/ friends/ husband or wife/ where you live/ recreational activities/ other aspects2.Weak points/ strong ones/ what kind/ you want to be3.What/ other people / important and challenging/ talk to people/ watch/ at work4.Satisfaction/ not just start/ years to come/ importance of education / promotion/ preference/ educated persons5.Experience/ benefit/ help/ think about/ stimulate/ really want to do / offer suggestions/ take advantage of/ qualities and qualifications6.Read about/study/ over and over again7.---------------------Tape scriptIn order to give you as much help as possible. I have drawn up a lit of questions that you ought to ask yourself."Have I given thought to what I would like to be doing 15 to 20 years from now?" Bear in mind that the career you choose will affect the future course of your life. It will partially determine your range of friends, your choice of husband or wife, where you live, your recreational activities, and other important aspects of your life."Have I a clear knowledge of my abilities and aptitudes, as well as my interests and aims?" Be honest about your weak points as well as your strong ones. Take a really good look at yourself and give real thought to the kind of person you are, what you are good at , and what kind of person you want to be."Do I know the kind of occupations in which people like myself tend to find successand satisfaction?" Once you have examined and found out about yourself, your next question is what you really do with yourself. You can gain some idea of what other people, with similar abilities and interests, consider to be important and challenging in the careers that they choose, by talking to people already in the careers that interest you. Watch these people at work."Have I weighted carefully the immediate advantages against the long-term prospects offered by the jobs I am considering?" Will the occupation you select give you satisfaction, not just when you start, but in the years to come? Realize now the importance of education in all fields, technical and professional. Remember that when promotion occurs, preference is usually given to educated persons--other things being equal."Have I talked about my job preferences with my guidance counsellor, my parents, my teachers and my headmaster?" Remember they have tremendous fund of experience from which you should benefit. They can help you think about the jobs in which you will find satisfaction and challenge. They can stimulate you to give careful thought to what you really what to do, and offer useful suggestions as to how you might take full advantage of your personal qualities and qualifications."Have I made a real study of jobs? It takes a very long time to find the work that suits you the best. Reading about and studying a number of occupations is something you should do over and over again."How do I regard my job? Is it just a means of getting money to do the things that I want to do ? Is the work important to me and my future happiness and contentment? Is it a combination of both these things?"The above questions and their answers should give you some better ideas about how you should start planning your career. Your life-long job can not be approached in any kind of haphazard fashion. It must be considered carefully, examined from every angel, talked over with those who know you and those who can help you in any way. Part IVFilling up formsGeneral views:1.2.Personal life, habits, little or nothing, the matter in hand3.4.Hesitate, intimate friends, goes blank5.The worst6.7.No reliefSupporting detailsA.Driving license/ evening course/ holiday abroadApplying for job/ stamps/ measles/ father tobacconist/ in Foreland/ died at 82B. Date of birth/ nationality/ serious illness/ tonsils/ delicate/ lazy/ personal defects/ contact lenses/ upper teeth not own/ character/ gambling/ difficult to get upC. Education/ previous experience/ posts held/ dates/ struggle to remember/ exams/ how long/ what firms/ if blank/ in prison/ dubious occupationD. Summons/ explain discrepanciesTape script:Of all things in th world, I most dislike filing up forms. In fact, I have a positive horror of it. Applying for a driving license, registering for an evening course, booking a holiday abroad- everything nowadays seems to involve giving information about one's personal life and habits that has little or nothing to do with the matter in hand. When applying for a job, it may be of some obscure interest to a prospective employer to learn that I collect stamps or bad measles as child. But why should he conceivably want to know that my father was a tobacconist to live in Foreland and died when he was 82. The authorities who require one to fill up forms frequently demand answers to questions that one would hesitate to put to one's intimate friends. The worst of it is that, when confronted with such questions, my mind goes blank and I can hardly remember my own date of birth, let alone my nationality. Have I ever suffered from a serious illness? Have I ? What do they mean by "serious"? I had my tonsils out in hospital when I was eight, and my mother always assured me I was delicate, but father contended I was born lazy. Do I suffer from my personal defects? Well, I wear contact lenses and my upper teeth are not my own. But perhaps the word "defect" applies to my character. Am I supposed to admit that I like gambling and find it difficult to get up in the morning, both of which are true? Of all, I think job applications are the worst- education, pervious experience, posts held, give dates. Terrified by the awful warning about giving false declarations, which appears at the bottom of the form, I struggle to remember what exams I passed and how long I worked for what firms. However hard I try, there always seems to be a year or tow for which I can not satisfactorily account and which, I am certain, if left blank, will give the impression that I was i prison or engaged in some occupations too dubious to mention. Even when the form is safely posted, there is no relief as I hourly await the summons from some furious official to explain the discrepancies on my form.。

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英语专业学生经典的听力材料Part IA11. A successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.2.The discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.3.The possibility of a new way to treat glaucoma.4. A new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinicallymeaningful outcomes.A new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronicillness improve their health.5.The theory and function of acupuncture.A21. A week ago / Parkinson’s disease.2. A natural defense mechanism3.The death of brain cells4.Meeting patients’ psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5.Side effects / cut back on medication.1.The world’s leading transplant surgeon, Dr Christopher Bernard, has carriedout one of the most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has succeeded in transplanting tissues into the human brain in what is thought to be the first operation of its kind. The surgery was performeda week ago on a patient sufferi ng from Parkinson’s disease. A portion of thepatient’s adrenal gland was implanted into a part of the patient’s brain, an operation which has previously been performed only on rats and monkeys.2.Approximately a third of all people develop cancer at one point in their lives.Chemotherapy has its limitations, but it is one of the major treatment options.Some American scientists have discovered they can increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells.3.Glaucoma is responsible for blindness in an estimated 67 million peoplearound the world. Until now, treatments have focused exclusively on the eyes.But that may change in the next few year, following the discovery that glaucoma involves the death of brain cells.4.New research shows that the simple act of writing down thoughts about astressful event can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health.This is the first study to show that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes for chronically-ill patients. The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literature suggesting that meeting patient’s psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5.Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated with thebalance of Qi. Qi can be hindered or helped by yang and yin. According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi bykeeping yin and yang in balance ---- and this is done by inserting needles at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body.One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it has few, if any, side-effects;and that when used with standard drug treatment --- in anesthesia, for example --- it allows physicians to cut back on medication, delivering the same level of benefit with fewer negative effects/B1.Instructions / characteristic / DNA / another / organism / genetically modifiedorganism / genetic engineering2.Artificial fertilizers / pest control / food / farming / artificial fertilizers / half3.Genetic material / unrelated / another species / animal /plant / going across4.Animals / cows, goats and pigs / genetically changed / pharmaceutical drugs /farming5.Novel / 1797-1851/ scientist / subhuman / destroying / creation that ends updestroying the creator.、Part II（答案见听力原文中的红色部分）In North Beach in San Francisco, where some pretty super food gets served every night.“Absolutely very super food!” “and I really like the taste of it”But we’re not just talking about taste. Research now s hows that some foods, including tomatoes, onions, garlic, and olive oil ---- are among the super foods. Super foods are packed with powerful chemicals that may offer your body great protection against chronic disease“Including cancer, obesity, heart dise ase. Vibrantly colored red, yellow, orange and green all giving you different types of phytochemicals.”Natalie Ledsma is a registered dietician at U. C. S. F. she says compounds found in super foods --- called phytochemicals ---- can reduce the risk of cancer, boost the immune system, and protect the heart. She showed us what everyone should try to eat each week for optimal health.One her shoppinglist? Herbs!“Dark green ones (herbs), like rosemary and thyme, and any intensly colored spice, like turmeric or red pepper.”“Both of those have anti-inflammatory properties.”Turmeric many reduce the risk of leukemia, skin, and liver cancers. Hot peppers may reduce the risk of colon, stomach, and rectal cancers. Also on the list: green veggies. But not just nay green veggy.“Brussels sprouts are part of the cruciferous vegetable family that has significant anti-cancer properties, and that family also has a very favorable effect on hormone metabolism.”Other cruciferous veggies include cabbage, broccoli, and cauliflower. And don’t forget the tomato.“it is probably the best source of lycopene, which is one of the phytochemicals that has shown significant anticancer properties, especially with prostate andpotentially lung and breast cancer as well.”As for fruit, citrus contains Vitamins C, limonoids, and phenols, which inactivate cancer cells and strengthen the immune system. Cantaloupes,mangos and carrots contain cancer-fighting carotenoids. And berries are bursting with flavonoids and ellagic acid ---- antioxidants that protect against cancer, ulcers, and viruses. Natalie recommends organic.“Organic fruits and vegetables have shown not only to have lower pesticide toxicities and lower pesticide levels, but also now have been shown to have higher phytochemical content.”Don’t forget the fatty fish or flaxseed---- both are excellent source of Omega 3 fatty acids that inhibit the growth of cancer cells and boost the immune system, olive oil, which may reduce breast, prostate, or colon cancer, and soy.“soy has protective effects for heart disease as well as osteoporosis, potentially.”And finally onions, garlic, and shallots. They may protect the heart fight cancer, and help with asthma.BI.Harvard Medical SchoolII.Borderline high blood pressureIII.10 /7IV.Cardiovascular / by a quarterChances of dying from cardiovascular disease falling by 5/1V.A: no more than 3 gramsB: fast foodC: labelsD: fresh fruit and vegetables听力原文：Salt is crucial to our health, but too much of it can put human at risk from high blood pressure, heart disease and stroke. Many reports, researchers at Harvard Medical School say the significant reduction in salt intake can cut the chances of heart disease and strokes by a quarter. Here is our health correspondent, Adam Brimelow.It’s long been known that cutting salt can reduce blood pressure. But there has been much less evidence of what it means for cardiovascular disease, including heart attacks and strokes. The Harvard team followed up people with borderline high blood pressure, who had taken in part in two salt reduction studies, typically cutting intake from 10 to 7 gram s a day. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease over the next decade or so was cut by a quarter compared with those who did not reduce their salt intake. And their chances of dying from cardiovascular disease fell by 5/1. In developed countries such as the United States and the UK, the average adult daily salt intake is about 10 grams. Much of this is already in the food that people buy, including processed foods and bread. Many experts say no one should have more than 3 grams. They say the best way to cut salt, is to get away from fast food, check labels and have plenty of fresh fruit and vegetable. Adam Brimelow reporting.Part III Medical emergency 911A( 3 ) a. How SYSCOM operates( 4 ) b. Purpose of SYSCOM( 2 ) c. Treatment by ambulance workers( 1 ) d. Response to shooting accidentB.1. What happens in Maryland when there is a serious accident?2. What response is made to the accident reported to 9117 What does Lieutenant Mike Fahey do?3. What do the ambulance paramedics do for this patient?4. What is SYSCOM? What does it do?5. What is the purpose of this system?C1. How does this system help if you have a serious accident?a. Know where and when an accident happensb. Immediate action / life-saving care2. How is this system activated?By dialing 9113. Where is your call forwarded?To fire department's emergency rescue service / then tonearest help / depending on information given4. In this report, what kind of accident has happened?Shooting accident5. Who responds first? How long docs it take to respond?Paramedic supervisor / 9 min.6. How docs Lt. Fahey act? What effect docs he have on thepatient?Deliberately / calmly / calm patient down7. What condition is the patient in when he is put in the ambulance?In shock8. What has everyone agreed to do for this man? Why?Send him to the regional shock trauma center / center is 6 min. away by land / available / equipped for his injury9. What is SYSCOM?Statewide System communication Center10. What important function docs SYSCOM serve?Dispatch point for helicopters11. What can SYSCOM do for paramedics?Connect them by radio to hospitals and emergency specialists12. According to Dr R. Adams Cowley, what needs to be done in order to save a person's life?Stop bleeding and restore blood pressure within an hour of accidentC:1. a: know where and when an accident happensb. immediate action / life-saving care2. by dialing 9113. to fire department’s emergency rescue service / then to nearest help / depending on information given4.shooting accident5. paramedic supervisor /9 min6. deliberately / calmly / calm patient down7. in shock8. send him to the regional shock trauma center / center is 6 min. away by land / available / equipped for his injury9. the Statewide System Communication Center.10.Dispatch point for helicopters11. connect them by radio with hospitals and emergency specialists12. stop bleeding and restore blood pressure within an hour of accident. Tapescript 听力原文：Maryland may be a small state, but it's a major player in developing emergency medical services. There are 49 hospitals that have 24-hour emergency departments. Nine of those hospitals are specially designated shock trauma centers, and there's a sophisticated communication center that links the state's ambulances, helicopters, and the hospitals."A serious accident happens. Pre-hospital staff --paramedics, emergency medical technicians--through a sophisticated communication system know where and when the accident happened, and they are summoned immediately to provide the initial, quick, life-saving care."That's Dr Philip Militello. He's head of trauma surgery for the state system. If you have a serious injury anywhere in Maryland, this system will get you the right treatment with the least delay. What kind of help do you need? Where's the closest hospital? Should you go by ambulance or by helicopter? The answers to these questions come through sophisticated communications. The system springs into action with a telephone call to 911, your local emergency number anywhere in the state. "Fire and rescue.”'If you're injured, your call is forwarded to the fire department's emergency rescue service. Based on the information you give them, they send a radio call for the nearest available help."He has been shot. Hold on while I dispatch an ambulance."A man has shot himself. The nearest available shock trauma ambulance is twenty minutes away. But a paramedic supervisor with some emergency medical equipment in his car responds to the radio call and arrives on the scene within nine minutes. The supervisor, Lieutenant Mike Fahey, is a nationally certified paramedic. He quietly talks to the patient while he bandages the bullet hole. Finding the patient's blood pressure alarmingly low, he immediately starts intravenous blood plasma. Hismovements are deliberate and his voice is calm."Come in. Take control of the situation. Remain calm. Chaos is contagious, and so is the calm that you have. When the patient looks up at you and you're calm, then you're reassuring. Then they calm down."The paramedic ambulance with advanced life support equipment arrives twelve minutes later, and Fahey's patient is loaded on a stretcher, ready to go. But the patient is in shock. If he stays in shock, he has a poor chance of survival. Inside the ambulance, they start another line of plasma and apply medical anti-shock trousers. Those are rubberized trousers to squeeze the blood from the legs back to the brain and other vital organs. Through radio communication everyone has agreed to send him by ambulance to the regional shock trauma center. It's only six minutes by land; it's available; and the regional center is equipped for his particular injury."They're putting on the trousers now. As soon as they get that, they'll be able to start going down the highway. '"If we can get the patient to the trauma center within twenty minutes, we go by land. If it's going to be longer than twenty minutes, we try to go by air."Captain Linda Sterling. She's Mike Fahey's boss at the local emergency medical service. When one of her paramedics needs a medevac helicopter, the request goes quickly to the SYSCOM, the statewide System Communication Center.Three large screens dominate the darkened room at SYSCOM. The right screen shows which hospital can take what kind of injury. The center screen shows the location of all medevac helicopters. And the one on the left shows the helicopter landing pad at the main shock trauma center. SYSCOM operations chief Andy Polavski tells us what's happening."Part of the operation here is the SYSCOM operation: system communications. They serve as the coordinators of the medevac activity in the stat e. This is the dispatch point for the State Police helicopters and the U.S. Park Police helicopters." SYSCOM can also connect by radio any paramedic in the state with any hospital or any emergency specialist. In shock trauma injuries, minutes can mean life or death. Maryland's communication system saves precious time by connecting citizens, ambulances, helicopters, and hospitals. Dr R. Adams Cowley, founder of the system, said, "If I can get you and stop your bleeding and restore your blood pressure within an hour of your accident, then I can probably save your life. 'Part IV Keeping the country healthyPart IV1.NHS’(英国国民健康保险制度) greater focus on prevention 1. agimmick2.a: increased screening 2. propertimetablee.g. heart disease, stroke, cancer 3.treatmentb: the most vulnerable 4.private healthcarec: more widely available听力原文：It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services, Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, ahs also announced he is planning to make some changes in our heath service.The crux of Mr. Brown’s proposals are related to giving the NHS（National Health Service）a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example breast cancer. In Britain there are 200,000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about.Initially, the diagnostic tests will be available fro those who are most vulnerable, or most likely to have the disease, but later on the Prime Minister claims that they will be more widely available. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery, a condition which kills 3,000 men a year.The opposition have criticized Mr Brown’s proposals, saying that they are just a gimmick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for the changes. They also say that Mr. Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them.The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pa more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare.Many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care, often because it can be quicker, although the doctors and hospitals are often the same!! NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so people can jump the queue by paying for their operation.生词：Brain tissueNatural defense mechanismPsychological needsSide effectMedicationArtificial fertilizers / pest controlMaterial species物种迷迭香百里香（麝香）姜黄类结肠、直肠球芽甘蓝柑橘属科石碳酸（苯酚）类黄酮鞣花酸亚麻子青葱类。