经济学原理对应练习 24
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Chapter 24
Measuring the Cost of Living
Multiple Choice
1. Babe Ruth, the famous baseball player, earned $80,000 in 1931. Today, the best baseball players can earn
more than 300 times as much as Babe Ruth earned in 1931. However, prices also have risen since 1931. We can conclude that
a. the best baseball players today are about 300 times better off than Babe Ruth was in 1931.
b. because prices have risen also, the standard of living of baseball stars hasn't changed since 1931.
c. one cannot make judgments about changes in the standard of living based on changes in prices and
changes in incomes.
d. one cannot determine whether baseball stars today enjoy a higher standard of living than Babe Ruth did
in 1931 without additional information regarding increases in prices since 1931.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-0
TOP: Prices | Standard of living MSC: Interpretive
2. When the consumer price index rises, the typical family
a. has to spend more dollars to maintain the same standard of living.
b. can spend fewer dollars to maintain the same standard of living.
c. finds that its standard of living is not affecte
d.
d. can offset the effects of rising prices by saving mor
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-0
TOP: Consumer price index | Standard of living MSC: Interpretive
3. The consumer price index is used to
a. track changes in the level of wholesale prices in the economy.
b. monitor changes in the cost of living.
c. monitor changes in the level of real GDP.
d. track changes in the stock market.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-0
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
4. The consumer price index is used to
a. differentiate gross national product from net national product.
b. turn dollar figures into meaningful measures of purchasing power.
c. characterize the types of goods and services that consumers purchase.
d. measure the quantity of goods and services that the economy produces.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-0
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
5. The term inflation is used to describe a situation in which
a. the overall level of prices in the economy is increasing.
b. incomes in the economy are increasing.
c. stock-market prices are rising.
d. the economy is growing rapidly.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-0
TOP: Inflation MSC: Definitional
Word资料.
1014 ? Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living
6. Economists use the term inflation to describe a situation in which
a. some prices are rising faster than others.
b. the economy's overall price level is rising.
c. the economy's overall price level is high, but not necessarily rising.
d. the economy's overall output of goods and services is rising faster than the economy's overall price level. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-0
TOP: Inflation MSC: Definitional
7. When the overall level of prices in the economy is increasing, we say that the economy is experiencing
a. economic growth.
b. stagflation.
c. inflation.
d. deflation.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-0
TOP: Inflation MSC: Definitional
8. The inflation rate is defined as the
a. price level.
b. change in the price level from one period to the next.
c. percentage change in the price level from the previous perio
d.
d. price level minus the price level from the previous period.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-0
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Definitional
9. The economy's inflation rate is the
a. price level in the current period.
b. change in the price level from the previous period.
c. change in the gross domestic product from the previous perio
d.
d. percentage change in the price level from the previous period.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-0
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Definitional
10. The CPI is a measure of the overall cost of
a. inputs purchased by a typical producer.
b. goods and services bought by a typical consumer.
c. goods and services produced in the economy.
d. stocks on the New York Stock Exchang
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
11. Which of the following agencies calculates the CPI?
a. the National Price Board
b. the Department Of Weight and Measurements
c. the Bureau of Labor Statistics
d. the Congressional Budget Office
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index | Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living ? 1015
12. Which entity within the U.S. government is responsible for computing and reporting the consumer price
index?
a. the Department of Commerce
b. the Department of Labor
c. the General Accounting Office
d. the Council of Economic Advisers
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
13. The CPI is calculated
a. weekly.
b. monthly.
c. quarterly.
d. yearly.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
14. The CPI is calculated
a. monthly by the Department of Commerce.
b. monthly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
c. quarterly by the Department of Commerce.
d. quarterly by the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index | Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Definitional
15. What basket of goods is used to construct the CPI?
a. a random sample of all goods and services produced in the economy
b. the goods and services that are typically bought by consumers as determined by government surveys
c. only food, clothing, transportation, entertainment, and education
d. the least expensive and the most expensive goods and services in each major category of consumer
expenditures
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
16. In the calculation of the CPI, coffee is given greater weight than tea if
a. consumers buy more coffee than tea.
b. the price of coffee is higher than the price of tea.
c. it costs more to produce coffee than it costs to produce tea.
d. coffee is more readily available than is tea to the typical consumer.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
17. In the CPI, goods and services are weighted according to
a. how long a market has existed for each good or service.
b. the extent to which each good or service is regarded by the government as a necessity.
c. how much consumers buy of each good or service.
d. the number of firms that produce and sell each good or servic
e.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
1016 ? Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living
18. The steps involved in calculating the consumer price index, in order, are as follows:
a. Choose a base year, fix the basket, compute the inflation rate, compute the basket's cost, and compute
the index.
b. Choose a base year, find the prices, fix the basket, compute the basket's cost, and compute the index.
c. Fix the basket, find the prices, compute the basket's cost, choose a base year and compute the index.
d. Fix the basket, find the prices, compute the inflation rate, choose a base year and compute the index. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
19. Refer to Table 24-1. Suppose the typical consumer basket consists of 10 bushels of peaches and 15 bushels
of pecans. Using 2005 as the base year, the CPI for 2006 is
a. 100.
b. 120.
c. 200.
d. 240.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Applicative
20. Refer to Table 24-1. Suppose the typical consumer basket consists of 10 bushels of peaches and 15 bushels
of pecans. Using 2005 as the base year, what was the inflation rate in 2006?
a. 20 percent
b. 16.7 percent
c. 10 percent
d. 8 percent
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
21. Refer to Table 24-2. Suppose the basket of goods in the CPI consisted of 3 units of pork and 4 units of corn.
What is the consumer price index for 2006 if the base year is 2005?
a. 73.47
b. 109.22
c. 136.11
d. 150.00
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Applicative
Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living ? 1017
22. Refer to Table 24-2. Suppose the basket of goods in the CPI consisted of 3 units of pork and 4 units of corn.
What is the inflation rate for 2006 if the base year is 2005?
a. 21.33 percent
b. 25.00 percent
c. 28.89 percent
d. 36.11 percent
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
23. The market basket used to calculate the CPI in Aquilonia is 4 loaves of bread, 6 gallons of milk, 2 shirts and 2
pants. In 2005, bread cost $1.00 per loaf, milk cost $1.50 per gallon, shirts cost $6.00 each and pants cost $10.00 per pair. In 2006, bread cost $1.50 per loaf, milk cost $2.00 per gallon, shirts cost $7.00 each and pants cost $12.00 per pair. Using 2005 as the base year, what was Aquilonia’s inflation rate in 2006?
a. 30 percent
b. 24.4 percent
c. 21.6 percent
d. It is impossible to determine without knowing the base year.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
In the country of Shem, the CPI is calculated using a market basket consisting of 5 apples, 4 loaves of bread, 3 robes and 2 gallons of gasoline. The per-unit prices of these goods have been as follows:
24. Refer to Table 24-3. Using 2002 as the base year, what was the inflation rate between 2002 and 2003?
a. -8.89 percent
b. -7.14 percent
c. 3.75 percent
d. 11.25 percent
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
25. Refer to Table 24-3. Using 2002 as the base year, what was the inflation rate between 2003 and 2004?
a. 28.5 percent
b. 34.2 percent
c. 47 percent
d. It is impossible to determine without knowing the base year.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
1018 ? Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living
26. Refer to Table 24-3. Using 2002 as the base year, what was the inflation rate between 2004 and 2005?
a. 40.00 percent
b. 40.25 percent
c. 46.46 percent
d. 48.56 percent
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
Table 24-4
The table below pertains to an economy with only two goods -- books and calculators. The fixed basket consists of 5 books and 10 calculators.
Year Price of books Price of calculators
2006 $24 $8
2007 30 12
2008 32 15
27. Refer to Table 24-4. Using 2006 as the base year, the consumer price index is
a. 100 in 2006, 135 in 2007, and 155 in 2008.
b. 100 in 2006, 270 in 2007, and 310 in 2008.
c. 200 in 2006, 270 in 2007, and 310 in 2008.
d. 200 in 2006, 540 in 2007, and 620 in 2008.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Applicative
28. Refer to Table 24-4. Using 2007 as the base year, the consumer price index is
a. 78.22 in 2006, 100 in 2007, and 121.10 in 2008.
b. 74.07 in 2006, 100 in 2007, and 114.81 in 2008.
c. 100 in 2006, 135 in 2007, and 155 in 2008.
d. 200 in 2006, 270 in 2007, and 310 in 2008.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Applicative
29. Refer to Table 24-4. Using 2008 as the base year, the consumer price index is
a. 52.66 in 2006, 84.25 in 2007, and 106.5 in 2008.
b. 64.52 in 2006, 87.10 in 2007, and 100 in 2008.
c. 52.66 in 2006, 90.89 in 2007, and 100 in 2008.
d. 100 in 2006, 135 in 2007, and 155 in 2008.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Applicative
30. Refer to Table 24-4. Using 2006 as the base year, the inflation rate is
a. 13.3 percent for 2007 and 14.8 percent for 2008.
b. 35 percent for 2007 and 14.8 percent for 2008.
c. 35 percent for 2007 and 55 percent for 2008.
d. 135 percent for 2007 and 155 percent for 2008.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index | Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living ? 1019
31. For any given year, the CPI is the price of the basket of goods and services in the
a. given year divided by the price of the basket in the base year, then multiplied by 100.
b. given year divided by the price of the basket in the previous year, then multiplied by 100.
c. base year divided by the price of the basket in the given year, then multiplied by 100.
d. previous year divided by the price of the basket in the given year, then multiplied by 100.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
32. In computing the consumer price index, a base year is chosen. Which of the following statements about the
base year is correct?
a. The base year is always the first year among the years for which computations are being made.
b. It is necessary to designate a base year only in the simplest case of two goods; in more realistic cases, it is
not necessary to designate a base year.
c. The value of the consumer price index is always 100 in the base year.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
33. Consider a small economy in which consumers buy only two goods -- apples and pears. In order to
compute the consumer price index for this economy for two or more consecutive years, we assume that
a. the number of apples bought by the typical consumer is equal to the number of pears bought by the
typical consumer in each year.
b. neither the number of apples bought by the typical consumer, nor the number of pears bought by the
typical consumer, changes from year to year.
c. the percentage change in the price of applies is equal to the percentage change in the price of pears
from year to year.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
34. In calculating the consumer price index, a fixed basket of goods is used. The quantities of the goods in the
fixed basket are determined by
a. surveying consumers.
b. surveying sellers of those goods.
c. working backward from the rate of inflation to arrive at imputed values for those quantities.
d. arbitrary choices made by federal government employees.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
35. In an imaginary economy, consumers buy only shirts and pants. The fixed basket consists of 6 shirts and 4
pairs of pants. A shirt cost $20 in 2006 and $25 in 2007. A pair of pants cost $30 in 2006 and $40 in 2007.
Using 2006 as the base year, which of the following statements is correct?
a. For the typical consumer, the number of dollars spent on shirts is equal to the number of dollars spent on
pants in each of the two years.
b. The consumer price index is 134 in 2007.
c. The rate of inflation is 29.17% in 2007.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index | Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
1020 ? Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living
36. In an imaginary economy, consumers buy only sandwiches and magazines. The fixed basket consists of 20
sandwiches and 30 magazines. In 2006, a sandwich cost $4 and a magazine cost $2. In 2007, a sandwich cost $5. The base year is 2006. If the consumer price index in 2007 was 125, then how much did a magazine cost in 2007?
a. $2.50
b. $2.80
c. $3.20
d. $3.45
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Applicative
37. In an imaginary economy, consumers buy only sandwiches and magazines. The fixed basket consists of 20
sandwiches and 30 magazines. In 2006, a sandwich cost $4 and a magazine cost $2. In 2007, a sandwich cost $5. The base year is 2006. If the inflation rate in 2007 was 16 percent, then how much did a magazine cost in 2007?
a. $2.08
b. $2.32
c. $2.50
d. $2.64
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index | Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
38. In an imaginary economy, consumers buy only hot dogs and hamburgers. The fixed basket consists of 10 hot
dogs and 6 hamburgers. A hot dog cost $3 in 2006 and $5.40 in 2007. A hamburger cost $5 in 2006 and $6 in 2007. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. When 2006 is chosen as the base year, the consumer price index is 90 in 2007.
b. When 2006 is chosen as the base year, the inflation rate is 150 percent in 2007.
c. When 2007 is chosen as the base year, the consumer price index is 100 in 2006.
d. When 2007 is chosen as the base year, the inflation rate is 50 percent in 2007.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index | Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
39. Let 2004 be the base year; then
a. Inflation rate in 2005 = CPI in 2005CPI in 2004
100.
CPI in 2004
-
?
b. Inflation rate in 2005 = CPI in 2005CPI in 2004
100.
CPI in 2005
-
?
c. Inflation rate in 2005 = CPI in 2004CPI in 2005
100.
CPI in 2004
-
?
d. Inflation rate in 2005 = CPI in 2004CPI in 2005
100.
CPI in 2005
-
?
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1 TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Definitional
Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living ? 1021 40. Let 2002 be the base year; then
a. Inflation rate in 2005 = CPI in 2005CPI in 2004
100.
CPI in 2002
-
?
b. Inflation rate in 2005 = CPI in 2005CPI in 2002
100.
CPI in 2005
-
?
c. Inflation rate in 2005 = CPI in 2005CPI in 2002
100.
CPI in 2004
-
?
d. Inflation rate in 2005 = CPI in 2005CPI in 2004
100.
CPI in 2004
-
?
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Definitional
41. The inflation rate is calculated
a. using the national income accounts.
b. by adding up the price increases of all goods and services.
c. by computing a simple average of the price increases for all goods and services.
d. by determining the percentage increase in the price index from the preceding period.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Definitional
42. If this year the CPI is 125 and last year it was 120, then
a. the cost of the CPI basket of goods and services has increased this year by 4.17 percent.
b. the price level as measured by the CPI has increased by 4.17 percent.
c. the inflation rate for this year is 4.17 percent.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
43. If this year the CPI is 110 and last year it was 100, then
a. the cost of the CPI basket of goods and services has increased this year by 110 percent.
b. the price level as measured by the CPI has increased by 10 percent.
c. the inflation rate for this year has increased by 10 percent over last year’s inflation rate.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
44. If the consumer price index was 100 in the base year and 107 in the following year, the inflation rate was
a. 107 percent.
b. 10.7 percent.
c. 7 percent.
d. 1.07 percent.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
45. If the price index was 90 in year 1, 100 in year 2, and 95 in year 3, then the economy experienced
a. 10 percent inflation between years 1 and 2 ,and 5 percent inflation between years 2 and 3.
b. 10 percent inflation between years 1 and 2, and 5 percent deflation between years 2 and 3.
c. 11.1 percent inflation between years 1 and 2, and 5 percent inflation between years 2 and 3.
d. 11.1 percent inflation between years 1 and 2, and 5 percent deflation between years 2 and 3. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
1022 ? Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living
46. The price index in the first year is 110, in the second year is 100, and in the third year is 96. The economy
experienced
a. 9.1 percent deflation between the first and second years, and 4 percent deflation between the second
and third years.
b. 9.1 percent deflation between the first and second years, and 9.6 percent deflation between the second
and third years.
c. 10 percent deflation between the first and second years, and 4 percent deflation between the second
and third years.
d. 10 percent deflation between the first and second years, and 8.7 percent deflation between the second
and third years.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
47. The price index in the first year is 150; in the second year it is 160; and in the third year it is 175. The inflation
rate is about
a. 1.07 percent between the first and second years, and 1.09 percent between the second and third years.
b. 5.4 percent between the first and second years, and 9.4 percent between the second and third years.
c. 6.7 percent between the first and second years, and 9.4 percent between the second and third years.
d. 10 percent between the first and second years, and 1.09 percent between the second and third years. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
48. The price index in the first year is 150; in the second year it is 160; and in the third year it is 165. Which of the
following statements is correct?
a. The price level was higher in the second year than in the first year, and it was higher in the third year than
in the second year.
b. The inflation rate was positive between the first and second years, and it was positive between the
second and third years.
c. The inflation rate was lower between the second and third years than it was between the first and second
years.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Price level | Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
49. Suppose the price index in 2004 was 110; in 2005 it was 120; and in 2006 it was 125. Which of the following
statements is correct?
a. The economy experienced inflation between 2004 and 2005, and again between 2005 and 2006.
b. The inflation rate was positive between 2004 and 2005, and it was negative between 2005 and 2006.
c. The inflation rate was higher between 2005 and 2006 than it was between 2004 and 2005.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Price level | Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living ? 1023
50. Assume an economy experienced a higher inflation rate, as measured by the CPI, between 2004 and 2005
than it experienced between 2003 and 2004. Which of the following scenarios is consistent with this
assumption?
a. The CPI was 100 in 2003, 110 in 2004, and 120 in 2005.
b. The CPI was 100 in 2003, 110 in 2004, and 124 in 2005.
c. The CPI was 110 in 2003, 150 in 2004, and 200 in 2005.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Price level | Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
51. Assume an economy experienced a positive rate of inflation between 2003 and 2004 and again between
2004 and 2005. However, the inflation rate was lower between 2004 and 2005 than it was between 2003 and 2004. Which of the following scenarios is consistent with this assumption?
a. The CPI was 100 in 2003, 110 in 2004, and 105 in 2005.
b. The CPI was 100 in 2003, 120 in 2004, and 135 in 2005.
c. The CPI was 110 in 2003, 106 in 2004, and 100 in 2005.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Price level | Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
52. Suppose the price index in 2004 was 104; the price index in 2005 was 134; and the inflation rate between
2005 and 2006 was higher than it was between 2004 and 2005. This means that
a. the price index in 2006 was higher than 134.00.
b. the price index in 2006 was higher than 164.00.
c. the price index in 2006 was higher than 172.65.
d. the price index in 2006 was higher than 182.22.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Price level | Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
53. Suppose the price index in 2004 was 100; the price index in 2005 was 118; and the inflation rate between
2005 and 2006 was lower than it was between 2004 and 2005. This means that
a. the price index in 2006 was lower than 118.00.
b. the price index in 2006 was lower than 136.00.
c. the price index in 2006 was lower than 139.24.
d. the inflation rate between 2005 and 2006 was lower than 1.18 percent.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Price level | Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
54. Which of these changes in the price index produces the greatest rate of inflation: 100 to 110, 150 to 165, or
180 to 198?
a. 100 to 110
b. 150 to 165
c. 180 to 198
d. All three changes show the same rate of inflation.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
1024 ? Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living
55. Which of these changes in the price index produces the greatest rate of inflation: 106 to 112, 112 to 118, or
118 to 124?
a. 106 to 112
b. 112 to 118
c. 118 to 124
d. All three changes show the same rate of inflation.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
56. Which of these changes in the price index produces the greatest rate of inflation: 80 to 100, 100 to 120, or
150 to 170?
a. 80 to 100
b. 100 to 120
c. 150 to 170
d. All of these changes show the same rate of inflation.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
57. Between October 2001 and October 2002, the CPI in Canada rose from 116.5 to 119.8. In Mexico it rose from
97.2 to 102.3. What were the inflation rates for Canada and Mexico over this one-year period?
a. 3.3 percent for Canada and 6.7 percent for Mexico
b. 3.3 percent for Canada and 5.2 percent for Mexico
c. 2.8 percent for Canada and 6.7 percent for Mexico
d. 2.8 percent for Canada and 5.2 percent for Mexico
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
58. The price index in 2006 is 120, and in 2007 it is 127.2. What is the inflation rate?
a. 5.4 percent
b. 6.0 percent
c. 7.2 percent
d. The inflation rate is impossible to determine without knowing the base year.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
59. The price index is 320 in one year and 360 in the next year. What was the inflation rate?
a. 6.7 percent
b. 8 percent
c. 12.5 percent
d. 40 percent
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
60. In a particular economy, the price index was 270 in 2005 and it was 300 in 2006 . Which of the following
statements is correct?
a. The economy experienced a rising price level between 2005 and 2006.
b. The economy experienced a higher inflation rate between 2005 and 2006 than it had experienced
between 2004 and 2005.
c. The inflation rate between 2005 and 2006 was 30 percent.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Price level | Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living ? 1025
61. The price index was 92 in 2005 and, between 2005 and 2006, the inflation rate was 13 percent. The price
index in 2006 was
a. 103.96.
b. 105.00.
c. 113.00.
d. None of the above is correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
62. The price index was 128.96 in 2006 and, between 2005 and 2006, the inflation rate was 24 percent. The price
index in 2005 was
a. 30.95.
b. 104.00.
c. 104.96.
d. 106.67.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Applicative
63. To calculate the CPI, the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses
a. all prices of all goods and services produced domestically.
b. the prices of all final goods and services.
c. the prices of all consumer goods.
d. the prices of some consumer goods.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
64. From 2004 to 2005, the CPI for medical care increased from 260.8 to 272.8. What was the inflation rate for
medical care?
a. 12 percent
b. 11.1 percent
c. 4.9 percent
d. 4.6 percent
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
65. By far the largest category of goods and services in the CPI basket is
a. housing.
b. transportation.
c. food and apparel.
d. food and beverages.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
66. For purposes of calculating the CPI, the “housing” category of consumer spending includes the cost of
a. shelter.
b. fuel and other utilities.
c. household furnishings and operation.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
1026 ? Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living
67. In the basket of goods that is used to compute the consumer price index, the three most important
categories of consumer spending are
a. housing, transportation, and entertainment.
b. housing, transportation, and food & beverages.
c. housing, medical care, and food & beverages.
d. education, medical care, and food & beverages.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
68. Categories of U.S. consumer spending, ranked from largest to smallest, are
a. food and beverages, housing, transportation, and medical care.
b. medical care, housing, food and beverages, and transportation.
c. housing, food and beverages, transportation, and medical care.
d. housing, transportation, food and beverages, and medical car
e.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
69. About what percentage of U.S. consumer spending is accounted for by expenditures on food and
beverages?
a. 6 percent
b. 11 percent
c. 15 percent
d. 20 percent
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
70. Of the following categories of spending , which is relatively least important in terms of the magnitude of
expenditures?
a. food and beverages
b. transportation
c. housing
d. apparel
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Definitional
71. If the cost of housing increases by 10 percent, then, other things the same, the CPI is likely to increase by
about
a. 10 percent.
b. 8.5 percent.
c. 6 percent.
d. 4.2 percent.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Analytical
72. If the cost of medical care increases by 50 percent, then, other things the same, the CPI is likely to increase
by about
a. 3 percent.
b. 6 percent.
c. 9 percent.
d. 18 percent.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Analytical
Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living ? 1027
73. If the cost of transportation and the cost of food and beverages both increase by 30 percent, other things
the same, the CPI is likely to increase by about
a. 3 percent.
b. 6.4 percent.
c. 9.6 percent.
d. 16 percent.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Analytical
74. The producer price index measures the cost of a basket of goods and services
a. typical of those produced in the economy.
b. produced for a typical consumer.
c. sold by producers.
d. bought by firms.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Producer price index MSC: Definitional
75. Changes in the producer price index are often thought to be useful in predicting changes in
a. stock prices.
b. the consumer price index.
c. the unemployment rate.
d. the rate of output of goods and services.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Producer price index | Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
76. Suppose that in 2006, the producer price index increases by 2 percent. As a result, economists most likely will
predict that
a. GDP will increase in 2007.
b. the producer price index will increase by more than 2 percent in 2007.
c. interest rates will fall in the near future.
d. the consumer price index will increase in the futur
e.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Producer price index | Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
77. The goal of the consumer price index is to measure changes in the
a. costs of production
b. cost of living.
c. relative prices of consumer goods.
d. production of consumer goods.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
78. The consumer price index is
a. not very useful as a measure of the cost of living.
b. a perfect measure of the cost of living.
c. a useful measure, but not a perfect measure, of the cost of living.
d. not used as a measure of the cost of living.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
1028 ? Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living
79. Which of the following is not a widely acknowledged problem with the CPI as a measure of the cost of living?
a. substitution bias
b. introduction of new goods
c. unmeasured quality change
d. unmeasured price change
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
80. One of the widely-acknowledged problems with the consumer price index (CPI) as a measure of the cost of
living is that the CPI
a. fails to account for consumer spending on housing.
b. accounts only for consumer spending on food, clothing, and energy.
c. fails to account for the fact that consumers spend larger percentages of their incomes on some goods
and smaller percentages of their incomes on other goods.
d. fails to account for the introduction of new goods.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
81. Suppose the price of gasoline increases rapidly, and that consumers respond by buying a smaller quantity of
gasoline. The consumer price index
a. reflects this price increase accurately.
b. understates the price increase due to the so-called income bias.
c. overstates the price increase due to the so-called income bias.
d. overstates the price increase due to the so-called substitution bias.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
82. Which of the following is an acknowledged problem of the consumer price index (CPI) as a measure of the
cost of living?
a. The CPI fails to measure all changes in the quality of goods.
b. The CPI displays a housing bias.
c. The CPI accounts for changes in prices of some goods, but prices of certain goods are assumed to
remain constant.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
83. The substitution bias in the consumer price index refers to the
a. substitution by consumers of new goods for old goods.
b. substitution by consumers of a smaller number of high-quality goods for a larger number of low-quality
goods.
c. fact that consumers substitute toward goods that have become relatively less expensive.
d. substitution of new prices for old prices in the CPI basket of goods and services from one year to the
next.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living ? 1029
84. Which of these events would cause the consumer price index to overstate the increase in the cost of living?
a. Carmakers benefit from a new technology that allows them to sell higher-quality cars to consumers with
no increase in price.
b. Energy prices decrease, and consumers respond by buying more gas and electricity.
c. A new good is introduced that renders cellular telephones inferior and obsolete.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
85. When the relative price of a good increases, consumers will respond by buying
a. a larger quantity of that good and a larger quantity of substitutes for that good.
b. a larger quantity of that good and a smaller quantity of substitutes for that good.
c. a smaller quantity of that good and a larger quantity of substitutes for that goo
d.
d. a smaller quantity of that good and a smaller quantity of substitutes for that good.
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Prices | Substitutes MSC: Interpretive
86. Suppose the price of a quart of milk rises from $1 to $1.25 and the price of a T-shirt rises from $8 to $10. If
the CPI rises from 150 to 175, then people likely will buy
a. more milk and more T-shirts.
b. more milk and fewer T-shirts.
c. less milk and more T-shirts.
d. less milk and fewer T-shirts.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Prices | Price level | Quantity demanded MSC: Applicative
87. Suppose the price of a gallon of ice cream rises from $4 to $5 and the price of coffee rises from $2 to $2.50 .
If the CPI rises from 150 to 200, then people likely will buy
a. more ice cream and more coffee.
b. more ice cream and less coffee.
c. less ice cream and more coffee.
d. less ice cream and less coffe
e.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Prices | Price level | Quantity demanded MSC: Applicative
88. By not taking into account the possibility of consumer substitution, the CPI
a. understates the cost of living.
b. overstates the cost of living.
c. may overstate or understate the cost of living, depending on how much prices rise.
d. may overstate or understate the cost of living, regardless of the extent to which prices ris
e.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
89. Because the CPI is based on a fixed basket of goods, the introduction of new goods and services in the
economy causes the CPI to overestimate the cost of living. This is so because
a. new goods and services are always of higher quality than existing goods and services.
b. new goods and services cost less than existing goods and services.
c. new goods and services cost more than existing goods and services.
d. when a new good is introduced, it gives consumers greater choice, thus reducing the amount they must
spend to maintain their standard of living.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
1030 ? Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living
90. When the quality of a good improves, the purchasing power of the dollar
a. increases, so the CPI overstates the change in the cost of living if the quality change is not accounted for.
b. increases, so the CPI understates the change in the cost of living if the quality change is not accounted
for.
c. decreases, so the CPI overstates the change in the cost of living if the quality change is not accounted for.
d. decreases, so the CPI understates the change in the cost of living if the quality change is not accounted
for.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
91. When calculating the CPI, the Bureau of Labor Statistics uses a statistical technique called
a. hedonics in an attempt to account for changes in the quality of products.
b. hedonics in an attempt to account for substitution by consumers of one product for another.
c. qualonics in an attempt to account for changes in the quality of products.
d. qualonics in an attempt to account for substitution by consumers of one product for another.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
92. The government’s use of a statistical technique called hedonics
a. is intended to account for the changing quality of products when calculating price movements.
b. has been alleged by some people to cause the government-reported inflation rate to be lower than the
true inflation rate.
c. has been criticized by some people as being too subjective.
d. All of the above are correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
93. When the quality of a good deteriorates, the purchasing power of the dollar
a. increases, so the CPI overstates the change in the cost of living if the quality change is not accounted for.
b. increases, so the CPI understates the change in the cost of living if the quality change is not accounted
for.
c. decreases, so the CPI overstates the change in the cost of living if the quality change is not accounted for.
d. decreases, so the CPI understates the change in the cost of living if the quality change is not accounted
for.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
94. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the effects of quality change on the CPI?
a. Even though the BLS adjusts prices of products in the CPI basket when the quality of the products
change, changes in quality are still a problem, because quality is so hard to measure.
b. Because the BLS adjusts prices of products in the CPI basket when the quality of the products change,
changes in quality are no longer a problem for the CPI.
c. The BLS does not adjust the CPI for quality changes.
d. Most economists believe that changes in the quality of goods included in the CPI basket do not bias the
CPI as a measure of the cost of living.
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index | Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Interpretive
Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living ? 1031
95. Suppose lawn mowers are part of the market basket used to compute the CPI. Suppose also that the quality
of lawn mowers improves while the price of lawn mowers stays the same. If the Bureau of Labor Statistics is able to precisely adjust the CPI for the improvement in quality, then, other things equal,
a. the CPI will rise.
b. the CPI will fall.
c. the CPI will stay the same.
d. lawn mowers will no longer be included in the market basket.
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 3 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index | Bureau of Labor Statistics MSC: Applicative
96. To which of the problems in the construction of the CPI is the invention of pocket-sized computers most
relevant?
a. substitution bias
b. introduction of new goods
c. unmeasured quality change
d. income bias
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
97. To which of the problems in the construction of the CPI is the creation of the mobile phone most relevant?
a. substitution bias
b. introduction of new goods
c. unmeasured quality change
d. income bias
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
98. Suppose that dairy products have risen in price relatively less than prices in general over the last several
years. To which problem in the construction of the CPI is this “low” rate of price increase most relevant?
a. substitution bias
b. introduction of new goods
c. unmeasured quality change
d. income bias
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
99. For some racquet sports there have been increases in the size of the racquets; also, the methods and
materials used for making racquets have improved. To which problem in the construction of the CPI are these facts most relevant?
a. substitution bias
b. introduction of new goods
c. unmeasured quality change
d. income bias
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
1032 ? Chapter 24/Measuring the Cost of Living
100. Laura bought word-processing software in 2005 for $50. Laura's twin brother, Laurence, buys an upgrade of the same software in 2006 for $50. What problem in the construction of the CPI does this situation best represent?
a. substitution bias
b. unmeasured quality change
c. introduction of new goods
d. income bias
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
101. Samantha goes to the grocery store to make her monthly purchase of ginger ale. As she enters the soft drink section, she notices that the price of ginger ale has increased 15 percent, so she decides to buy some
peppermint tea instead. To which problem in the construction of the CPI is this situation most relevant?
a. substitution bias
b. introduction of new goods
c. unmeasured quality change
d. income effect
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
102. Suppose OPEC succeeds in raising world oil prices by 300 percent. This price increase causes inventors to look at alternative sources of fuel for internal-combustion engines. A hydrogen-powered engine is
developed which is cheaper to operate than gasoline engines. Which problem in the construction of the CPI does this situation represent?
a. substitution bias and introduction of new goods
b. introduction of new goods and unmeasured quality change
c. unmeasured quality change and new goods.
d. income bias and substitution bias
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index MSC: Interpretive
103. Which of the following statements best represents economists' beliefs about the bias in the CPI as a measure of the cost of living?
a. Economists agree that the bias in the CPI is a very serious problem.
b. Economists agree that the bias in the CPI is not a serious problem.
c. Economists agree on the severity of the CPI bias, but there is still debate on what to do about it.
d. There is still debate among economists on the severity of the CPI bias and what to do about it.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 1 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index | Economists MSC: Interpretive
104. Most studies in the 1990s concluded that the consumer price index overstated inflation by about
a. 3 percentage points, and that number of percentage points likely still applies now.
b. 3 percentage points, but improvements in recent years to the CPI probably have reduced the
overstatement of inflation to something less than 3 percentage points.
c. 1 percentage point, and that number of percentage points likely still applies now.
d. 1 percentage point, but improvements in recent years to the CPI probably have reduced the
overstatement of inflation to something less than 1 percentage point.
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: 2 REF: 24-1
TOP: Consumer price index | Inflation rate MSC: Interpretive
144 WHAT’S NEW IN THE S EVENTH EDITION: A new In the News box on ―The Tax Debate ‖ has been added. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, students should understand: how taxes reduce consumer and producer surplus. the meaning and causes of the deadweight loss from a tax. why some taxes have larger deadweight losses than others. how tax revenue and deadweight loss vary with the size of a tax. CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Chapter 8 is the second chapter in a three-chapter sequence dealing with welfare economics. In the previous section on supply and demand, Chapter 6 introduced taxes and demonstrated how a tax affects the price and quantity sold in a market. Chapter 6 also described the factors that determine how the burden of the tax is divided between the buyers and sellers in a market. Chapter 7 developed welfare economics —the study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being. Chapter 8 combines the lessons learned in Chapters 6 and 7 and addresses the effects of taxation on welfare. Chapter 9 will address the effects of trade restrictions on welfare. The purpose of Chapter 8 is to apply the lessons learned about welfare economics in Chapter 7 to the issue of taxation that was addressed in Chapter 6. Students will learn that the cost of a tax to buyers and sellers in a market exceeds the revenue collected by the government. Students will also learn about the factors that determine the degree by which the cost of a tax exceeds the revenue collected by the government. 8 APPLICATION: THE COSTS OF TAXATION
南开大学经济学院本科2010级经济学原理期末考试（B 卷） 专业： 姓名 学号 成绩 任课教师： 一、单项选择（每小题2分，共30分） < 1、关于生产可能性边界，以下不正确的是：（ ） A 、 生产可能性边界是一个国家利用资源所能生产出的最大商品集合的边界。 B 、 生产可能性边界的斜率代表了增加某种商品产出的机会成本。 C 、 生产可能性边界凹向原点是因为资源的稀缺性。 D 、 生产可能性边界随着技术进步而向右移动。 2、对一种奢侈品征税，很可能使税收负担（ ） A 、 更多的落在买者身上 B 、 、 C 、 更多的落在卖者身上 D 、 在买者和卖者之间平等的分摊 E 、 完全落在买者身上 3、假设可以购买三个一样的鼠标。买者1愿意为一个鼠标支付60元钱，买者2愿意为一个鼠标支付50元钱，买者3愿意为一个鼠标支付40元钱。如果鼠标的市场价格是50元钱，将卖出多少鼠标，这个市场的消费者剩余值是多少（ ） A 、 将卖出一个鼠标，消费者剩余值为60元钱 B 、 将卖出三个鼠标，消费者剩余值为0元 C 、 将卖出三个鼠标，消费者剩余值为10元 D 、 将卖出两个鼠标，消费者剩余值为10元 ; 4、如果一个竞争企业的产量翻了一番，它的总收益（ ） A 、 翻一番 B 、 翻了一番还多 C 、 翻了不到一番 D 、 不能确定，因为物品价格可能上升或下降。 5、在能供给整个市场的产量时，其平均总成本一直下降到最小的企业称为（ ） A 、 完全竞争者 B 、 自然垄断 C 、 政府垄断
E、受管制的垄断 6、垄断竞争企业在长期内经济利润为零，是因为：（） A、市场上存在许多卖者。 B、虽然产品有差异，但产品之间的差异不够大。 C、企业可以无成本的自由进入与退出市场。 D、以上都是。 7、在以下商品中，提高价格最有可能使生产者的收入提高的商品是：（） A、粮食。 B、》 C、高档服装。 D、汽车。 E、手机。 8、下列哪个事件影响了2010年中国的国内生产总值GDP（） A、2010年中国人的家庭劳动 B、2010年中国公司在海外承包的大型建设工程 C、2010年在中国的一家钢铁公司为另一家在中国的造船厂生产的特种钢材。 D、2010年在中国的一家汽车公司把生产出来的汽车封入库存，以便明年旺季销售。 . 9、X与Y两种商品的价格分别由去年的10元与2元上涨至今年的11元与元，如果一个篮子是由4个X和10个Y组成的，那么以去年为基期，今年的通货膨胀率是（） A、10％ B、15% C、20％ D、25％ 10、下列情况中可能会降低社会的失业率的是（） A、政府组织公共培训计划 B、政府提高最低工资水平 C、工会为其会员争取更高的工资待遇 D、| E、企业实行效率工资 11、下列不属于中央银行货币政策工具的是（） A、公开市场操作 B、法定准备金 C、贴现率 D、发行或回购国债 12、假定货币供应量是万亿，真实GDP是5万亿，物价水平是2，货币流通速度则是（）
经济学原理第十章作业题（CZ组） 一、选择题 1、下列选项中不是宏观经济政策应该达到的标准是（ C ） A.充分就业 B.物价稳定 C.经济稳定 D.国际收支平衡 2、四种经济目标之间存在的矛盾错误的是（D ） A.充分就业与物价稳定的矛盾 B.充分就业与经济增长的矛盾 C.充分就业与国际收支平衡的矛盾 D.物价稳定与国际收支平衡的矛盾 3、紧缩性货币政策的运用会导致（C） A.减少货币供给量，降低利率； B.增加货币供给量，提高利率； C.减少货币供给量，提高利率； D.增加货币供给量，提高利率。 4、1936年，英国经济学家凯恩斯提出，国家应积极干预经济生活，增加有效需求，以防止新的经济危机的发生。下列选项中与上述主张吻合的是（B ） A.自由放任政策 B.国家加强对经济的干预 C.缓和与工人阶级的矛盾 D.以计划经济取代市场经济 5、降低贴现率的政策（A） A．将增加银行的贷款意愿 B．将制约经济活动 C．与提高法定准备金率的作用相同 D．通常导致债券价格下降 6、属于内在稳定器的项目是（ C ） A.政府购买 B.税收 C.政府转移支付 D.政府公共工程支出 7、属于紧缩性财政政策工具的是（ B ） A.减少政府支出和减少税收 B.减少政府支出和增加税收 C.增加政府支出和减少税收 D.增加政府支出和增加税收 8、如果存在通货膨胀缺口，应采用的财政政策是（ A ） A.增加税收 B.减少税收
C.增加政府支出 D.增加转移支出 9、经济中存在失业时，应采取的财政政策是（ A ） A.增加政府支出 B.提高个人所得税 C.提高公司所得税 D.增加货币发行 10、商业银行资金的主要来源是（ D ） A.贷款 B.利息 C.债券 D.存款 二、判断题 1.债券价格与债券收益的大小成反比，与利率的高低成反比。（ F ） 2.财政政策的主要内容包括政府支出和政府税收。（T ） 3.贴现政策中最主要的是贴现条件。（ F ） 4.在经济学中，广义的货币是=通货+商业银行活期存款+定期存款与储蓄存款（T ） 5.经济增长是指达到一个适度的增长率，这种增长率要既能满足社会发展需要， 有事人口增长和技术进步所能达到的。（T ） 6.货币的职能主要有三种，其中计价单位是货币最基本的职能。（ F ） 7.在短期内，影响供给的主要因素是生产成本，在长期内，影响供给的主要因素是生产能力。( T ) 8.扩张性财政政策是增加政府支出( F ) 9.商业银行性质和一般的企业一样，包括吸收存款、发放贷款、代客结算。（T ） 10.提高劳动力数量的方法是增加人力资本投资。（ F ） 三、简答题 1.扩张性财政政策对萧条经济会产生怎样的影响? 当经济萧条时，扩张性财政政策会使收入水平增加。一方面，扩张性财政本身意味着总需求扩张，另一方面，通过乘数的作用，扩张性财政会导致消费需求增加，因此，总需求进一步扩张。当然，在扩张财政时，由于货币供给不变，利息率会提高。这样，投资需求会有一定程度的下降。在一般情况下，扩张性财政的产出效应大于挤出效应，最终结果是扩张性财政政策导致国民收入增加。 2.按财政政策和货币政策的影响填写下表 政策种类对利率的影响对消费的影响对投资的影响对GDP的影响 财政政策（减少所 上升增加减少增加 得税） 上升增加减少增加 财政政策（增加政 府开支，包括政府 购买和转移支付） 财政政策（投资津上升增加增加增加
Aofafcs北大课程-曼昆经济学原理(上)微观部分--期中试题参考答案
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七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。乃书于纸上。毕而卧。凄然入梦。乙酉年七月初七。 -----啸之记。 经济学原理期中考试试题 一、选择题（每题只有一个正确答案，10小题，每题2分，共20分） 1、“资源是稀缺的”是指（） A、资源是不可再生的 B、资源必须留给下一代 C、资源终将被消耗殆尽 D、相对于需求而言，资源总是不足的 2、小强星期六下午决定学习三个小时，而不是去打网球。请问他学习的机会成本是（） A、学习三个小时后，学习成绩的提高 B、学习成绩的提高减去打网球带来的快乐 C、从打网球中得到的快乐和锻炼 D、没有机会成本 3、以下哪一项是宏观经济学研究的内容：（） A、政府管制对民航机票价格的影响 B、农民决定今年种植多少粮食的决策
C、加入WTO对中国汽车企业的影响 D、中国的高储蓄对经济增长的影响 4、以下哪一种表述是实证而非规范的表述：（） A、我国政府应该调高人民币汇率 B、农民工的合法权益理应得到保障 C、印度去年的GDP增长率为9% D、我们必须要遏制经济过热的势头 5、以下哪个概念不能用生产可能性边界表现出来？（） A、效率 B、公平 C、权衡取舍 D、机会成本 6、假定在某个市场中，消费者用于购买正常品的收入减少，而生产该物品的投入品的价格下降。那么，我们可以预期：（） A、均衡价格将上升，但对该市场均衡数量的影响则是不确定的。 B、均衡价格将下降，但对该市场均衡数量的影响则是不确定的。 C、均衡价格与均衡数量都上升。 D、均衡数量将上升，但对该市场均衡价格的影响则是不确定的。 7、当禽流感到来时，鸡蛋的销量下降了，但价格却没有太大的变化。 对此解释最为合理的是：（） A、鸡蛋的供给曲线呈完全水平状态，而需求曲线左移
一、单项选择题（每小题只有一个符合题意的正确答案，请将你认为是正确答案的序号写在答卷纸上。本大题30个小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1、价格是影响需求的最重要的因素，一般来说，价格和需求的变动成（ B ）。 A.成正方向变化 B.成反方向变化 C.不相关 D.完全等价 2、某消费者逐渐增加某种商品的消费量，直到实现效用最大化。在这一过程中，该商品的（C ） A.总效用和边际效用不断增加 B.总效用不断下降，边际效用不断增加 C.总效用不断增加，边际效用不断下降 D.总效用和边际效用不断减少 3、亨利花了一个小时购物并买了一件价值30美元的衣服，购买该衣服的机会成本是（）。 A.一个小时 B.30美元 C.一个小时加30美元 D.一个小时加30美元的次优用途 4、整个行业只有唯一供给者的市场结构是（）。 A.完全垄断市场 B.完全竞争市场 C.寡头垄断市场 D.垄断竞争市场 5、如果价格下降10%能使买者总支出增加1%，则这种商品的需求量对价格（）。 A.富有弹性 B.具有单位弹性 C.缺乏弹性 D.其弹性不能确定 6、完全竞争市场上的企业之所以是价格接受者，是因为（）。 A.它对价格有较大程度的控制 B.它生产了所在行业绝大部分产品 C.它的产量只占行业的全部产量的一个很小的份额 D.该行业只有很少数量的企业 7、假如某教授的年薪是20万元，若他从事其他的职业，最多只能得到3万元，那么，他所获得的经济租金为（）。 A. 20万元 B. 17万元 C. 3万元 D.不确定 8、一年内在本国领土所生产的最终产品的市场价值总和被称为（）。 A.国民生产总值 B.国内生产总值 C.国民生产净值 D.实际国内生产总值 9、政府的财政收入政策通过（）对国民收入产生影响。 A.政府转移支付 B.政府购买 C.消费支出 D.出口 10、中央银行降低再贴现率，会使银行准备金（）。 A.增加 B.减少 C.不变 D.以上都有可能 11、中央银行在公开市场卖出政府债券是企图（）。 A.收集一笔资金帮助政府弥补财政赤字 B.减少商业银行在中央银行的存款 C.减少流通中基础货币以紧缩货币供给 D.通过买卖债券获取差价利益 12、如果某商品的需求收入弹性大于1，则该商品属于（）。 A.高档品 B.必需品 C.低档物 D.生活用品 13、已知某消费者的收入是200元，商品X的价格是20元，商品Y的价格是6元。假定他打算购买7单位X和10单位Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18，如要获取最大效用，他应该（）。 A.停止购买 B.增购X，减少Y的购买量 C.增购Y，减少X的购买量 D.同时增购X、Y 14、国民生产净值等于国民生产总值减去（）。 A.折旧 B.间接税 C.所得税 D.政府的转移支付 15、一般认为，只有在（）市场上，企业的生产成本从长期来看才是最低的，市场机制才能实现资源的有效配置。 A.寡头垄断 B.垄断竞争 C.完全竞争 D.不完全竞争 16、现代西方宏观经济学的研究正式开始的标志是（）。 A.《国富论》 B.《就业、利息和货币通论》 C.《经济学原理》 D.《经济学：原理、问题和政策》 17、如果其他各种条件均保持不变，当X商品的互补品Y商品的价格上升时，对X商品的需求：（）。 A.增加 B.减少 C.不变 D.无法确定 18、在研究消费者行为时，我们需要假定消费者是追求效用最大化的和理性的，这是（）假设。 A.社会人 B.经济人 C.复杂人 D.自我实现人
《经济学原理》总目录 第一篇导论 第一章导论 第二篇微观经济理论 第二章需求、供给与均衡 第三章消费者行为理论 第四章生产者行为理论 第五章产品市场理论 第六章生产要素理论 第七章微观经济政策 第三篇宏观经济理论 第八章国民收入的核算与决定理论 第九章失业与通货膨胀理论 第十章经济周期与经济增长理论 第十一章宏观经济政策 第十二章开放经济
第一章导论 一、单项选择 1、作为经济学的两个组成部分，微观经济学与宏观经济学是（）A．互相对立的B．没有任何联系的C．相互补充的D．部分联系的 2、古典经济学家亚当·斯密所谓的“看不见的手”是指（）A．技术B．信息C．价格D．行政命令 3、经济学研究的基本问题是（） A．生产什么B．如何生产C．为谁生产D．以上都是4、资源的稀缺性是指（）。 A．世界上的资源最终会由于人们生产更多的物品而消耗光 B．相对于人们无穷的欲望而言，资源总是不足的 C．生产某种物品所需资源的绝对数量很少 D．由于存在资源浪费而产生的稀缺 5、微观经济学解决的问题是（）。 A．资源配置B．资源利用C．市场出清D．完全理性6、宏观经济学的中心理论是（）。 A．失业理论B．通货膨胀理论
C．国民收入决定理论D．经济增长理论 7、关于实证经济学与规范经济学说法正确的是（） A．两者并不是绝对相互排斥的，而应当是相互补充的。 B．规范经济学是以实证经济学为基础，而实证经济学则是以规范经济学作为指导的。 C．一般来说，越是具体的问题，实证的成分越多，而越是高层次的、决策性的问题，就越具有规范性。 D．以上说法都对 二、多项选择 1、微观经济学的主要内容包括（） A．体格决定理论B．消费者行为理论 C．生产者行为理论D．市场理论和分配理论等 2、宏观经济学的基本内容有（） A．宏观经济政策B．经济周期与增长理论 C．国民收入决定理论D．失业与通货膨胀理论 3、下列关于资源稀缺性的正确的说法有（） A．资源稀缺性是相对于欲望的无限性而言的 B．地球上的资源本来就少 C．资源稀缺性存在于世界各地 D．资源稀缺性存在于人类历史的各个时期 三、判断题
WHAT’S NEW IN THE S EVENTH EDITION: A new Case Study on Left-Digit Bias has been added and a new In the News feature on "Can Brain Science Improve Economics" has been added. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, students should understand: how to examine problems caused by asymmetric information. the market solutions to asymmetric information. why democratic voting systems may not represent the preferences of society. why people may not always behave as rational maximizers. CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Chapter 22 is the last chapter in the microeconomics portion of the text. It is the second of two unrelated chapters that introduce students to advanced topics in microeconomics. These two chapters are intended to whet their appetites for further study in economics. The purpose of Chapter 22 is to give students a taste of three topics on the frontier of microeconomic research. The first topic addressed is asymmetric information , a situation when one person in an economic relationship has more relevant knowledge than the other person does. The second topic is political economy , the application of economic tools to the understanding of the functioning of government. The third topic addressed is behavioral economics , the introduction of psychology into the study of economic issues. 22 FRONTIERS OF MICROECONOMICS
经济学原理I （2010年秋季学期） 期中考试1（A 卷答案） （2010/11/3） 注意：请将所有题目的答案写在答题册上，写在本试题纸上一律无效。 一、判断题（判断并简要说明理由，必要时可以用图形。每题4分，共20分） 1. 假设你捡到了20美元，并选择用它购买一本小说。则你购买这本小说的机会成本是零。 错误。你购买小说的机会成本是用这20美元购买其他物品或服务带给你的好处（可能大于或等于20美元。（注：答20美元也算对） 2. 电脑行业的技术进步只能使得经济中的电脑产量增加，而经济中其它产品的数量不会增 加。 错误。电脑行业的技术进步使得整个社会的生产可能性边界外移（如图）。一般来说，这会使得社会可以生产的其他产品的数量也增加（如图中A 到A’点）。直观来说，由于技术进步，当社会在既定的生产要素配置下可以生产更多电脑和同样多的其他产品时（图中B 点），通过生产要素重新配置也可以同时生产更多的两种产品（图中B 到A’点）。 3. An increase in the demand for notebooks raises the quantity of notebooks demanded but not the quantity supplied. False. The increase in demand for notebooks results in an increased quantity supplied, in general. The reason is that demand increase will raise the price (to eliminate the shortage it causes), which in turn increases the quantity supplied. The only way the statement would be true is if the supply is perfectly inelastic. 4. If more Americans go on a low-carb diet, the demand for bread will fall. The decrease in the demand for bread will cause the price of bread to fall. The lower price, however, will then increase the demand. In the new equilibrium, Americans might end up consuming more bread than they did initially. (DO use a diagram to illustrate your explanations) False. When the demand falls, there will be a surplus of bread for a while (FE 1 in the graph), when the original equilibrium price P 1 has not fallen yet. As time goes on, price begins to fall, quantity 电脑 其他产品
1. 经济学原理的假定前提有哪些？ 西方经济学有两个基本假定：第一，经济人的假定。经济人假定也称为理性人假定。“经济人”被规定为经济生活中的一般的人的抽象，基本性被假设为是利己的。 第二，完全信息的假设条件。这一假设条件的主要含义是市场上每一个从事经济活动的个体（即买者和卖者）都对有关的经济情况具有完全的信息。 上述两个假设条件未必完全合乎事实，它们是为了理论分析的方便而设立的。 2.假设某学生有10小时的时间用于准备即将到来的经济学与英语的考试。在给定该学生时间资源的条件下，试画出其分数的生产可能性边界。如果该学生没有认真复习，而是去玩电脑游戏了，那么，相对于他的生产可能性边界而言，他的分数“产量”在何处？如果该学生将学习时间从10小时增加到15小时，那么，他的分数可能性边界会发生何种变化？ 给定10小时学习时间的条件下，该学生的分数的生产可能性边界如下图所示。缺乏效率的学习时间会导致其分数“产量”位于先前勤奋学习的生产可能性边界的下方。如果学习时间增加，分数的生产可能性边界将沿东北方向向外移动。
3.假定下表是供给曲线Qs= -3+2p 在一定价格范围内的供给表: （1）求出价格3元和5元之间的供给的价格弧弹性。 （2）根据给出的供给函数,求P ＝4元时的供给的价格点弹性。 （1）供给价格弧弹性的公式： 2)21(2)21(Q Q P P P Q Q P P Q P P Q Q E ++???=???=??= 6.12)37(2 )35(3537=++?--=E （2）供给价格的点弹性公式 1.6 5 4 2)'23(E 5 423Q 4P P ]P Q )[('=?=?+-==?+-==? =?==Q P P Q P Q Q P dP dQ P dP Q dQ E 时，当求导对表示 4.已知某商品的需求方程和供给方程分别为：Qd=14-3P ；Qs=2+6P 。求该商品的均衡价格，以及均衡时的需求价格弹性和供给价格弹性。 =Qd s Q 时市场处于均衡状态，此时14-3P=2+6P ，得出 10,34 == Qe Pe 此时需求价格弹性为： 4 .01034 31034 )'314()('=??=?--=?-=?-=P Q P P Qd Q P dP dQ Ed 供给价格弹性为：=?=Q P dP dQ Es 8.010******* )'62()('=?? =?+=?P Q P P Qs 5.运用供求图，说明下列事件对运动衫市场的影响。 （1）皮夹克价格下降。 （2）发明了新织布机。 a.皮夹克价格下降。
经济学原理（Ⅰ）期中考试一 注意：请全部用中文回答（留学生可用英文）。试卷的答案必须写在答题册上才有效，请记住在答题册上写下姓名和学号。 一、判断题（判断并必须说明理由，可以用文字或图形。每题5分，共40分） 1.某城市幼儿园的规定是每天下午4点钟家长必须将孩子接走，可是每周都有那么几个家长迟到（孩子在等待父母的过程中会较烦躁，幼儿园也不得不留下一个老师专门看护。）。因此，有人向校长建议对迟到的家长每次罚款10元。如果校长采用该建议，那么迟到的家长数肯定减少。 错误。在没有罚款之前，家长们迟到实际上是免费的，但是很多家长没有迟到，这说明迟到会引起一种心理成本（内疚感）。一旦有了罚款，家长们迟到的成本变为10元钱，但是心理成本消失，其净效果很可能是激励更多的家长迟到。 2.众所周知，汽车超速对于公路安全带来危害，并且超速越严重危害越大。某城市现行的法律是每超速10公里就增加罚款2千元。有代表指出这种交通立法对于超速行为过于宽松，建议只要发现超速行为，不管超速多少即罚款1万元。该代表的建议能够降低超速带来的危害性。 错误。理性的人考虑边际量。采用该建议后，驾驶者只要交足1万元就可以随意超速，即超速的边际成本等于0，面临这样的激励，超速的程度将很严重，危害也就越大。 3、出版社的张编辑是某著名经济学教科书的销售负责人，他认为，由于允许学生将旧的教科书再次出售，损害了出版社的利益。某著名化学家对此建议，出版社可以使用一种他本人发明的印刷墨水，当教科书使用半年后，这种墨水自动褪色，使得书页变成空白。如果张编辑接受这一建议，其结果是必然导致新书价格上升和出版社盈利增加。 错误。这里的分析虽然看到了旧教科书和新教科书为替代品，随着旧教科书的供给下降（甚至消失），旧教科书价格上升，引起新教科书需求上升，需求曲线右移，价格上升，这可以增加出版社盈利。但是，必须看到问题的另一方面。对于购买新教科书的需求者来说，他原来使用教科书实际支付的价格仅是新书和旧书的差价，而现在必须支付新书的全部价格，相当于新书的市场 ．．价格而言，现在的需求曲线会左移（需求下降）。两方面的影响相反，抵消后的结果使得需求曲线变化方向不确定。加上新书的印刷使用该墨水还可能提高了生产成本，是否盈利更成为问题。 4.小明的预算是每月用在手机通讯上的部分为100元，该预算长期不变。通过这个信息我们可以认为小明手机通话需求的价格弹性是单位1. 正确。需求价格弹性与总收益或总支出的关系：如果是单位弹性，则价格的变动不会带来总收益或总支出的变化。反之命题也为真。 5、In a competitive market, an increase in the demand for notebooks raises the quantity of notebooks demanded, but not the quantity supplied. 错误。练习本的需求提高了练习本的均衡价格和均衡数量。均衡数量同时代表者需求和供给的数量，所以供给量也增加了。这一说法混淆了供给变动和供给量变动两个术语。实际上，随着需求增加，开始会出现短缺现象，推动价格上升，从而刺激供给量增加（和需求量下降），最终回到供求平衡。 6、“非典”期间，口罩的价格上升了，购买的人也大大增加了。这一现象违背了需求定律，因为价格上升导致需求上升而非下降。 错误。“非典”事件是除价格以外其他因素导致的需求变动，是需求曲线的移动而不是沿着需求曲线移动。因此，这一变化不能用需求定律（沿着需求曲线移动）来解释。实际上，需求曲线右移，均衡价格和数量上升，运用比较静态分析可以得出正确结论。
2005年秋季学期《经济学原理》期末试题 注意：请全部用中文回答（留学生可用英文）。试卷的答案必须写在答题册上才有效，请记住在答题册上写下姓名和学号。 Good luck! 一、判断题（判断并必须说明理由，可以用文字或图形。每题5分，共40分） 注意以下各题中出现的斜体字部分是已知条件，不用做出判断。 1.垄断厂商的定价总是选择在其需求曲线缺乏弹性（即需求价格弹性小于1）的地方。 错。垄断者选择在弹性大于1的地方生产。参见作业第15章第13题答案。 2. 如果一个行业的企业的定价在边际成本以上，经济学家就认定存在市场势力。小王这么说，一个行业所有的企业的成本情况都相同，且利润都等于零，那么该行业一定不存在市场势力。请判断小王的说法。 不对，垄断竞争企业的长期利润等于零，但是存在市场势力（定价高于边际成本）。 3.由于存在边际产量递减，所以企业的长期平均总成本曲线最终会向上弯曲。 不对，边际产量递减是短期平均成本曲线向上弯曲的原因。长期平均成本曲线向上弯曲的原因是规模不经济。 4.虽然某垄断厂商所面临的需求曲线从D1变为D2，但是有可能该厂商所生产的产品数量不变。请用图形来说明你的判断（不用图形，即使判断正确也扣3分）。 正确。如下图： 5.价格歧视虽然增加了垄断者的利润但是也都对经济效率带来了无谓损失。 错误，完全价格歧视就没有任何效率损失。 6.在完全竞争的情况下所有的农民采用新技术降低了小麦的生产边际成本（随着边际成本的 P Q D2 D1 MR1 MR2 MC P2 P1
降低，平均成本也会向下移动），结果小麦的供给上升，价格下降，由于小麦的需求缺乏弹性，那么农民的收入下降，这就是“谷贱伤农”。既然情况如此，为什么每个农民都希望发明新技术来降低边际成本呢？小王的解释是对于每个农民来讲，采用新技术是其优势战略，所以出现了斜体字部分所描述的那种“谷贱伤农”情况；小张的解释是每个农民都采用新技术是一种纳什均衡状况，但不是优势战略均衡状况。小张的说法正确，小王的说法错误。错误。根据题中的条件可以知道采用新技术是每个农民的优势战略。理由是当其他农民都不采用新技术时，采用新技术（正利润）要好于不采用新技术（利润为零）；当其他农民都采用新技术时，采用新技术（利润为零）也要好于不采用新技术（亏本）。 7. 一个完全竞争行业处于长期均衡，然后政府决定对于该行业的每个企业（注意只要进入该行业即可获得补贴）给予一次性的补贴（即补贴与产量无关）。给予补贴后，该行业再一次达到长期均衡。小王认为，补贴并达到长期均衡后，补贴前就已经在该行业的边际企业的产量将下降。 正确，因为补贴使得平均成本下降（边际成本不会变化），每个原有企业获得正利润，吸引其他企业进入，市场价格下降，原有的边际企业就会沿着边际成本减少产量。 8.当对一个完全竞争行业进行价格上限管制（该价格上限低于市场均衡价格）时，达到长期均衡后，该价格上限等于边际企业的边际成本，同时也等于该企业的最低平均总成本。 正确。限制性价格上限低于市场均衡价格，使得一部分企业退出市场。达到长期均衡后，边际企业的经济利润等于零。即限制性价格上限等于边际成本，也等于最低平均成本。 二、选择题（每题3分且只有一个正确答案。共30分） 1.Accounting profit is equal to (i) total revenue – implicit costs. (ii) total revenue – opportunity costs. (iii) economic profit + implicit costs. A. (i) only B. (iii) only C. (i) and (ii) D. None of the above are correct. 2. Because each oligopolist cares about its own profit rather than the collective profit of all the oligopolists together, A. they are unable to maintain the same degree of monopoly power enjoyed by a monopolist. B. each firm’s profit always ends up being zero. C. society is worse off as a result. D. All of the above are correct. 3. As new firms enter a monopolistically competitive market, profits of existing firms A. rise and product diversity in the market increases. B. rise and product diversity in the market decreases. C. decline and product diversity in the market increases. D. decline and product diversity in the market decreases. 4.垄断厂商的边际成本曲线是MC=8，该厂商所面临的需求曲线是P=40-Q，其中P代表价格，Q代表数量。下面哪个产量使得该垄断厂商的利润最大： A 32 B 16
经济学原理 第二章生产什么？ 1.10.某种商品的边际效用（）。 A.是消费该商品产生的总效用与消费其他商品的总效用之比 B.等于该商品的价格 C.是消费该商品产生的总效用与该商品的数量之比 D.是每增加一单位某种商品的消费所带来的效用增量 参考答案：D 2.11. 边际效用递减意味着：（） A.随服务水平的增加，效用服务的成本越来越低。 B.一个人的消费组合中拥有越多的某种产品，该种产品的每一额外增加产生越少的总效益。 C.一个人的消费组合中拥有越多的某种产品，总的支付意愿将减少。 D.一个人的消费组合中拥有越多的某种产品，该种产品的每一额外增加产生越少的额外收益 参考答案：D 3. 12.边际效用递减规律表明，随着消费者对某种商品消费量的增加( ) A.该商品的效用总量趋于递减 B.该商品的平均效用趋于递减 C.该商品的效用增量趋于递减 D.该商品的总效用趋于递减 参考答案：C 4. 13. 某消费者逐渐增加某种商品的消费量，直到实现效用最大化。在这一过程中，该商品的（） A.总效用和边际效用不断增加 B.总效用不断下降，边际效用不断增加
C.总效用不断增加，边际效用不断下降 D.总效用和边际效用不断减少 参考答案：C 5. 14.如果商品的边际效用为零，那么（）。 A.该商品的总效用已经是最大 B.商品没有效用，它不是消费者想去享用的东西 C.在考虑要购买这种商品的前提下，消费者达到了他的均衡点 D.该商品的总效用肯定也等于零 参考答案：A 6. 15.已知某消费者的收入是200元，商品X的价格是20元，商品Y的价格是6元。假定他打算购买7单位X和10单位Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18，如要获取最大效用，他应该（）。 A.停止购买 B.增购X，减少Y的购买量 C.增购Y，减少X的购买量 D.同时增购X、Y 参考答案：C 7.16.总效用达到最大时：（）。 A.边际效用为正 B.边际效用为零 C.边际效用为负 D.边际效用达到最大 参考答案：B 8.17.对于公共产品的概念，以下表述正确的是( )： A.不因消费者人数增加而导致其他人消费的减少 B.因消费者人数增加则导致其他人消费的增加 C.不因公共产品的增加而导致消费者消费的增加 D.不因公共产品的减少而导致消费者消费的减 参考答案：A 9. 18. 西方经济学在研究消费者行为时，提出了以下假设：（）。 A.消费者是社会人 B.消费者对商品存在偏好 C.消费者是理性人 D.存在预算收入的约束 参考答案：BCD 10. 19.下面属于序数效用论观点的是（）。 A.消费者对两种商品的任意一种组合都能明确说出其偏好顺序 B.消费者的偏好有传递性 C.消费者均衡条件是：消费者使自己购买的各种商品的边际效用与价格之比相等 D.消费者更偏好数量多的商品组合 参考答案：ABD 11.20.公共产品的特征有（）。 A.消费的非竞争性 B.受益的非排他性 C.效用的不可分割性 D.消费的竞争性 参考答案：ABC 12. 21.公共产品的非竞争性是指任何人对公共产品消费者不影响其他人，其原因有（）。 A.消费者的增加不增加提供公式产品的生产成本 B.消费者的增加不对其他消费者产生拥挤 C.消费者的减少将减少提供公共产品的成本 D.消费者的减少将减少对其他消费的非竞争性 参考答案：AB 第三章如何生产？ 1.2 2.如果我们在生产的过程中发现某一个可变要素的收益递减，这意味着： A.可变要素投入量的增长和产量的增长等幅变化 B.产量的增长幅度小于可变要素投入量的增长幅度 C.可变要素投入量的增长幅度小于产量的增长幅度 D.产量的增长幅度大于可变要素投入量的增长幅度。 参考答案：B
经济学原理名词解释 CHAPTER 1 Scarcity : the limited nature of society’s resources. Economics : the study of how society manages its scarce resources. Efficiency : the property of society getting the most it can from its scarce resources. Equity : the property of distributing economic prosperity fairly among the members of society. Opportunity cost : whatever must be given up to obtain some item. Marginal changes : small incremental adjustments to a plan of action. Market economy : an economy that allocates resources through the decentralized decisions of many firms and households as they interact in markets for goods and services. Market failure : a situation in which a market left on its own fails to allocate resources efficiently. Externality : the impact of one person’s actions on the well-being of a bystander. Market power : the ability of a single economic actor (or small group of actors) to have a substantial influence on market prices. Productivity : the quantity of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s time. Inflation : an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy. Phillips curve : a curve that shows the short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment. Business cycle : fluctuations in economic activity, such as employment and production. CHAPTER 2 Circular-flow diagram : a visual model of the economy that shows how dollars flow through markets among households and firms.
经济学原理I（2004年秋季学期） 期中考试1（B卷答案，A卷只有顺序不同） 一、判断题（判断并必须说明理由，可以用文字或图形。每题5分，共40分） 因为历史数据表明，基础教育的平均社会收益大于高等教育，所以在资金有限的情况下，应该优先增加对基础教育的投入。 错误。这里应该考虑的是给定的新增投入带来的收益的增加量，也即边际收益，而不是根据历史数据计算的平均收益。（原理3：理性人考虑边际量） 2、某大学决定将拥挤的学生澡堂扩建一倍。这一做法必定会使得澡堂的拥挤程度下降一半。错误。在学生的洗澡行为（特别是洗澡频率）不变时，澡堂扩建一倍会使得其拥挤程度下降一半。但学生会对澡堂拥挤下降的激励做出反应，增加洗澡频率，这样澡堂的拥挤程度会有所回升。（原理4：人们会对激励做出反应。） 3、Certain very talented people have a comparative advantage in everything they do. 错误。他可以在任何事情上都有绝对优势，但不会都有比较优势。 4、单个农民减少自己的产量并不能使自己受益，但农产品总量的减少可能使农民在总体上受益。 正确。在市场上，单个农民面对的是既定的市场价格，减少产量只能使自己的收益下降。但市场供给总体上的减少，由于市场需求是缺乏弹性的，可以使得价格上升，其幅度大于销售量下降的幅度。从而使得卖者的总收益上升，农民在总体上受益。 5、In a competitive market, an increase in the demand for notebooks raises the quantity of notebooks demanded, but not the quantity supplied. 错误。练习本的需求提高了练习本的均衡价格和均衡数量。均衡数量同时代表者需求和供给的数量，所以供给量也增加了。这一说法混淆了供给变动和供给量变动两个术语。实际上，随着需求增加，开始会出现短缺现象，推动价格上升，从而刺激供给量增加（和需求量下降），最终回到供求平衡。 6、“非典”期间，口罩的价格上升了，购买的人也大大增加了。这一现象违背了需求定律，因为价格上升导致需求上升而非下降。 错误。“非典”事件是除价格以外其他因素导致的需求变动，是需求曲线的移动而不是沿着需求曲线移动。因此，这一变化不能用需求定律（沿着需求曲线移动）来解释。实际上，需求曲线右移，均衡价格和数量上升，运用比较静态分析可以得出正确结论。 7、出版社的张编辑是某著名经济学教科书的销售负责人，他认为，由于允许学生将旧的教科书再次出售，损害了出版社的利益。某著名化学家对此建议，出版社可以使用一种他本人发明的印刷墨水，当教科书使用半年后，这种墨水自动褪色，使得书页变成空白。如果张编辑接受这一建议，其结果是必然导致新书价格上升和出版社盈利增加。 错误。这里的分析虽然看到了旧教科书和新教科书为替代品，随着旧教科书的供给下降（甚至消失），旧教科书价格上升，引起新教科书需求上升，需求曲线右移，价格上升，这可以增加出版社盈利。但是，必须看到问题的另一方面。对于购买新教科书的需求者来说，他原来使用教科书实际支付的价格仅是新书和旧书的差价，而现在必须支付新书的全部价格，相当于新书的市场价格而言，现在的需求曲线会左移（需求下降）。两方面的影响相反，抵消后的结果使得需求曲线变化方向不确定。加上新书的印刷使用该墨水还可能提高了生产成本，是否盈利更成为问题。 8、同需求价格弹性的情况一样，如果供给价格弹性大于1，价格上升则卖者总收益下降。 错误。供给弹性永远是大于零的，价格上升总会导致供给增加和总收益上升。